Va. Code Ann. tit. 45.2, ch. 1

Va. Code Ann. tit. 45.2, ch. 1
in effect

Va. Code Ann. § 45.2-100 Definitions

As used in this title, unless the context requires a different meaning: "Chief" means the Chief of the Division of Mines of the Department of Energy. "Department" means the Department of Energy. "Director" means the Director of the Department of Energy. "State Geologist" means the Commissioner of Mineral Resources and State Geologist appointed pursuant to § 45.2-107 . 1984, c. 590, § 45.1-1.2; 1994, c. 28 , § 45.1-161.1; 2021, Sp. Sess. I, cc. 387 , 532 .

Va. Code Ann. § 45.2-101 Certified mail; subsequent mail or notices may be sent by regular mail

Whenever in this title the Chief, the Director, or the Department is required to send any mail or notice by certified mail and such mail or notice is sent by certified mail, return receipt requested, then any subsequent, identical mail or notice that is sent by the Chief, the Director, or the Department may be sent by regular mail. 2011, c. 566 , § 45.1-161.1:1; 2021, Sp. Sess. I, c. 387 .

Va. Code Ann. § 45.2-102 Department of Energy; appointment of Director

The Department of Energy is established in the executive branch within the Secretariat of Commerce and Trade. The Department shall be headed by a Director who shall be appointed by the Governor, subject to confirmation by the General Assembly, to serve at the pleasure of the Governor for a term coincident with the Governor's term. 1984, c. 590, § 45.1-1.1; 1994, c. 28 , § 45.1-161.2; 2021, Sp. Sess. I, cc. 387 , 532 .

Va. Code Ann. § 45.2-103 Powers of Department

The Department shall have the following powers and duties, any of which, with the approval of the Director, may be exercised by any division of the Department with respect to matters assigned to that division: 1. To employ the personnel required to carry out the purposes of this title; 2. To make and enter into any contract or agreement necessary or incidental to the performance of its duties and the execution of its powers under this title, including reciprocal agreements with responsible officers of other states and contracts with the private sector, the United States, other state agencies, and governmental subdivisions of the Commonwealth; 3. To accept grants from the United States government and agencies and instrumentalities thereof and any other source. To these ends, the Department may comply with any condition and execute any agreement that is necessary, convenient, or desirable; 4. To adopt regulations necessary or incidental to the performance of its duties or execution of its powers under this title or any other provision of law. Such regulations shall be adopted by the Department, the Chief, or the Director, as appropriate, and in accordance with the provisions of Article 2 (§ 2.2-4006 et seq.) of the Administrative Process Act; and 5. To do all acts necessary or convenient to carry out the purposes of this title. 1984, c. 590, § 45.1-1.3; 1994, c. 28 , § 45.1-161.3; 2014, c. 145 ; 2021, Sp. Sess. I, c. 387 .

Va. Code Ann. § 45.2-104 Powers and duties of Director

The Director, under the direction and control of the Governor, shall exercise the powers and perform the duties conferred or imposed upon him by law and shall perform any other duties required of him by the Governor. 1984, c. 590, § 45.1-1.4; 1994, c. 28 , § 45.1-161.4; 2021, Sp. Sess. I, c. 387 .

Va. Code Ann. § 45.2-104.1 Appointment of Chief Clean Energy Policy Advisor

The Chief Clean Energy Policy Advisor shall be appointed by the Governor and shall be under the direction of and report to the Director. 2021, Sp. Sess. I, c. 532 .

Va. Code Ann. § 45.2-105 Establishment of divisions; division heads

The following divisions, through which the functions, powers, and duties of the Department may be discharged, are established in the Department: a Division of Mines, a Division of Mined Land Repurposing, a Division of Geology and Mineral Resources, a Division of Gas and Oil, a Division of Mineral Mining, a Division of Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency, and a Division of Offshore Wind. The Director may establish other divisions as he deems necessary. The Director shall appoint persons to direct the various functions and programs of each division and may delegate to the head of any division any of the powers and duties conferred or imposed by law on the Director. 1984, c. 590, § 45.1-1.5; 1990, c. 92; 1994, c. 28 , § 45.1-161.5; 2008, c. 369 ; 2020, c. 794 ; 2021, Sp. Sess. I, cc. 387 , 532 .

Va. Code Ann. § 45.2-106 Department to serve as lead agency for inspections undertaken subsequent to the issuance of a permit

Following the issuance of any permit under Chapter 10 (§ 45.2-1000 et seq.) or 12 (§ 45.2-1200 et seq.), the Department shall serve as the lead agency for enforcement of the provisions of the permit. Any other agency that has reviewed and approved, or not disapproved, a permit application prior to its approval by the Director shall contact the Director or his designee prior to making any routine inspection. The Director or his designee shall then contact the permittee, if prior contact is to be made, to schedule the inspection and shall accompany any employee of any agency other than the Department during any inspection by such other agency. However, nothing in this section shall apply in the event of a blackwater discharge, a failure of a waste treatment facility, or any situation that in the judgment of the State Water Control Board requires an inspection on an emergency or expedited basis. 1984, c. 188, § 45.1-1.9; 1994, c. 28 , § 45.1-161.6; 2021, Sp. Sess. I, c. 387 .

Va. Code Ann. § 45.2-107 Division of Geology and Mineral Resources; State Geologist

There is established in the Department a Division of Geology and Mineral Resources. The Director shall appoint a geologist of established reputation as the Commissioner of Mineral Resources and State Geologist to serve as chief executive and head officer of the Division. As used in this article, unless the context requires a different meaning, "Division" means the Division of Geology and Mineral Resources. 1984, c. 590, § 45.1-383; 2008, c. 369 ; 2021, Sp. Sess. I, cc. 387 , 532 .

Va. Code Ann. § 45.2-108 General powers and duties of State Geologist

The State Geologist shall exercise those powers and perform those duties, in relation to mineral resources, geology, and geophysical matters, that are conferred or imposed upon the Director by the provisions of this title, including powers and duties delegated to him by the Director. The State Geologist may also exercise and perform such other powers and duties as are lawfully delegated to him and such powers and duties as are conferred or imposed upon him by law. 1984, c. 590, § 45.1-384; 2021, Sp. Sess. I, c. 387 .

Va. Code Ann. § 45.2-109 Using or revealing proprietary information

Notwithstanding any provision of law to the contrary, neither the State Geologist nor any employee or agent of the Division shall make use of or reveal any proprietary information or statistic gathered from any source for any purpose other than that of this chapter, except with the express written consent of the source of such information or statistic. The State Geologist shall not reveal such information to the Director or any other employee of the Department who is not employed within the Division. 1984, c. 590, § 45.1-385; 2021, Sp. Sess. I, c. 387 .

Va. Code Ann. § 45.2-110 Powers and duties of the Division

The Division has the following powers and duties: 1. Examination of the geological formations of the Commonwealth and the resources contained therein, with special reference to both economic products and energy resources, including coal, ore, clay, feldspar, lime, natural gas, oil, cement, sand and gravel, stone, materials suitable for use in building and road construction, mineral water, other mineral substances, and geothermal energy resources. 2. Examination of latent resources and waste minerals to determine the best methods of utilizing them and study of the soils and weathered residuum as related to parent rock. 3. Maintenance of repositories for representative rock and mineral materials from various wells, mines, excavations, and naturally occurring exposures. 4. Maintenance of records and statistics of the mineral industry and geological conditions of the Commonwealth. 5. Performance of chemical and physical tests, including test borings, to acquire subsurface information relative to mineral deposits masked by soils and rock overburden. 6. Examination of the physical features of the Commonwealth with reference to their practical bearing upon the occupation and well-being of the people. 7. Preparation of special geological and economic maps and displays to illustrate the resources of the Commonwealth. 8. Preparation of regular and special reports, with necessary illustrations and maps, that embrace both a general and detailed description of the geology and mineral resources of the Commonwealth. 9. Consideration of such other scientific and economic questions that in the judgment of the Director are deemed of value to the people of the Commonwealth. 10. Arrangement for the investigation and reporting of the geology of the Commonwealth with the Director or the representative of the United States Geological Survey (USGS) in regard to cooperation between the USGS and the Department in topographic and geologic work when deemed necessary and of advantage to the Commonwealth. The Director may accept or reject the work of the USGS. 11. Participation in matters requiring advice and guidance sought by state agencies and institutions concerning geological and mineral resources as related to state lands. 12. Provision of basic research and the development of methods utilized in the determination of characteristics, structure, and origin for geological formations and economic mineral deposits. 1984, c. 590, § 45.1-386; 2021, Sp. Sess. I, c. 387 .

Va. Code Ann. § 45.2-111 Publication of reports

The Director may direct the publication of the reports of the Division, with proper illustrations and maps, and the reports shall be distributed as the interests of the Commonwealth and of science indicate. 1984, c. 590, § 45.1-387; 2021, Sp. Sess. I, c. 387 .

Va. Code Ann. § 45.2-112 Disposition of materials that have served purpose of the Division

Materials collected after having served the purpose of the Division shall be distributed to the educational institutions of the Commonwealth in the manner that the Director determines to be of the greatest advantage to the educational interests of the Commonwealth. 1984, c. 590, § 45.1-388; 2021, Sp. Sess. I, c. 387 .

Va. Code Ann. § 45.2-113 Immunity from prosecution for trespass

No criminal action for trespass shall lie against the State Geologist or any agent or employee of the State Geologist pursuant to any lawful act done in the performance of his duties, including entry upon the lands of any person for the purpose of performing such duties. 1984, c. 590, § 45.1-389; 2021, Sp. Sess. I, c. 387 .

Va. Code Ann. § 45.2-114 Virginia Clean Energy Innovation Bank; Bank Advisory Board

A. The Virginia Clean Energy Innovation Bank is established in the Department. The purpose of the Bank is to accelerate the deployment of clean energy projects, greenhouse gas emissions reduction projects, and other qualified projects through the strategic deployment of public funds in the form of grants, loans, credit enhancements, and other financing mechanisms in order to leverage existing public and private sources of capital to reduce the upfront and total cost of qualified projects and to overcome financial barriers to project adoption, especially in low-income communities. B. 1. The Virginia Clean Energy Innovation Bank Advisory Board (the Bank Advisory Board) is established as an advisory board in the executive branch of state government for the purpose of advising, overseeing, and making advisory recommendations related to the Virginia Clean Energy Innovation Bank and its effectiveness in fulfilling the purposes described subsection A. 2. The Bank Advisory Board shall have a total membership of eight members that shall consist of six nonlegislative citizen members and two ex officio members. Nonlegislative citizen members shall be appointed as follows: two members to be appointed by the Senate Committee on Rules, two members to be appointed by the Speaker of the House of Delegates, and two members to be appointed by the Governor. Each nonlegislative citizen member shall have expertise in matters relevant to the Bank. The Director and the Chief Executive Officer of the Virginia Economic Development Partnership Authority, or their designees, shall serve ex officio with voting privileges. Nonlegislative citizen members of the Board shall be citizens of the Commonwealth. 3. The nonlegislative citizen members of the Bank Advisory Board shall be appointed for five-year staggered terms. Each ex officio member of the Bank Advisory Board shall serve a term coincident with his term of office. Appointments to fill vacancies, other than by expiration of a term, shall be for the unexpired term. Vacancies shall be filled in the same manner as the original appointments. No person shall serve more than two consecutive terms. The remainder of any term to which a member is appointed to fill a vacancy shall not constitute a term in determining the member's eligibility for reappointment. 4. The Bank Advisory Board shall annually elect a chair and vice-chair from among its membership and shall formulate rules for its organization and procedure. A majority of the members shall constitute a quorum. 5. The nonlegislative citizen members of the Bank Advisory Board shall serve without compensation or reimbursement for expenses incurred in the performance of their duties. 2026, cc. 1125 , 1126 .

Va. Code Ann. § 45.2-115 Definitions

As used in this article, unless the context requires a different meaning: "Bank" means the Virginia Clean Energy Innovation Bank. "Bank Advisory Board" means the Virginia Clean Energy Innovation Bank Advisory Board "Community navigator" means an organization that works to facilitate access to clean energy project financing by individuals and community groups. "Credit enhancement" means a pool of capital set aside to cover potential losses on loans and other investments made by financing entities. "Credit enhancement" includes loan loss reserves and loan guarantees. "Energy storage system" means a system that absorbs, stores, and discharges electricity. "Energy storage system" does not include fossil fuel storage or power-to-gas storage that directly uses fossil fuel inputs. "Greenhouse gas emissions" means emissions of carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, hydrofluorocarbons, perfluorocarbons, and sulfur hexafluoride emitted by anthropogenic sources. "Historically economically disadvantaged community" has the same meaning as provided in § 56-576 . "Loan loss reserves" means a pool of capital set aside to reimburse a private lender if a customer defaults on a loan, up to an agreed-upon percentage of loans originated by the private lender. "Local workers" means Virginia residents who permanently reside within 150 miles of the location of a proposed project in which the Bank is considering participating. "Microgrid system" means an electric grid that (i) serves a discrete geographical area from distributed energy resources and (ii) can operate independently from the central electric grid on a permanent or temporary basis. "Qualified project" means a project, technology, product, service, or measure promoting energy efficiency, clean energy, electrification, or water conservation and quality that (i) substantially reduces greenhouse gas emissions; (ii) reduces energy use without diminishing the level of service; (iii) increases the deployment of renewable or non-carbon emitting energy projects, energy storage systems, district heating, smart grid technologies, or microgrid systems; (iv) replaces existing fossil-fuel-based technology with an end-use electric technology; (v) supports the development and deployment of electric vehicle charging stations and associated infrastructure, electric buses, and electric fleet vehicles; (vi) reduces water use or protects, restores, or preserves the quality of the Commonwealth's surface waters or the Chesapeake Bay; or (vii) incentivizes customers to shift demand in response to changes in the price of electricity or when system reliability is not jeopardized. "Renewable energy" means electric energy generated by a source that is considered a renewable energy standard eligible source under the provisions of § 56-585.5 . "Securitization" means the conversion of an asset composed of individual loans into marketable securities. "Smart grid" means a digital technology that allows for two-way communication between a utility and the utility's customers and enables the utility to control power flow and load in real time. 2026, cc. 1125 , 1126 .

Va. Code Ann. § 45.2-116 Duties of the Bank

A. The Bank shall: 1. Advise the Director on the management of the Bank pursuant to this article; 2. Apply for and accept gifts, grants, aid, and donations from any source to be expended in furtherance of accomplishing the objectives of the Bank. All federal funding accepted under this subdivision shall be accepted and expended by the Bank in accordance with such terms and conditions as are prescribed by the United States and are consistent with state law, and all state funding accepted under this subdivision shall be accepted and expended in accordance with such terms and conditions as prescribed by the Commonwealth; 3. Seek to qualify as a state energy financing institution as defined in 42 U.S.C. § 16511; 4. Serve as a financial resource to reduce the upfront and total costs of implementing qualified projects; 5. Ensure that all financed projects reduce or do not contribute to greenhouse gas emissions and that no more than 15 percent in the aggregate of available funds are used to finance projects involving coalbed methane gas, as such term is defined in § 45.2-1600 , or nuclear power; 6. Ensure that financing terms and conditions offered are well suited to qualified projects; 7. Strategically prioritize the use of the Bank's funds to leverage private investment in qualified projects, with the aim of achieving a high ratio of private to public money invested through funding mechanisms that support, enhance, and complement private lending and investment; 8. Coordinate with existing federal, state, local, utility, and other programs to ensure that the Bank's resources are being used most effectively to add to and complement those programs; 9. Stimulate demand for qualified projects by (i) contracting with the Department to provide, including through subcontracts with community navigators, information to project participants about federal, state, local, utility, and other Bank financial assistance for qualifying projects and technical information on energy conservation and renewable energy measures; (ii) forming partnerships with contractors and informing contractors about the Bank's financing programs; (iii) developing innovative marketing strategies to stimulate project owner interest, especially in underserved communities; and (iv) incentivizing financing entities to increase activity in underserved markets; 10. Finance projects in all regions of the Commonwealth; 11. Develop participant eligibility standards and other terms and conditions for financial support provided by the Bank; 12. Develop and administer (i) policies to collect reasonable fees for Bank services and (ii) risk management activities to support ongoing Bank activities; 13. Develop consumer protection standards governing the Bank's investments to ensure that financial support is provided responsibly and transparently and is in the financial interest of participating project owners; 14. Develop methods to accurately measure the impact of the Bank's activities, particularly on low-income communities and on greenhouse gas emissions reductions; 15. Hire sufficient staff with the appropriate skills and qualifications to carry out the Bank's programs, making an affirmative effort to recruit and hire staff who are from, or share the interests of, the communities the Bank is required to serve; 16. Acting under its powers as a state energy financing institution under 42 U.S.C. § 16511, collaborate with the U.S. Department of Energy Loan Programs Office to ensure that authorities made available under the federal Inflation Reduction Act of 2022, P.L. 117-169, maximally benefit Virginians; 17. Ensure that Bank contracts with all third-party administrators, contractors, and subcontractors contain required covenants, representations, and warranties specifying that contracted third parties are agents of the Bank and that all acts of contracted third parties are considered acts of the Bank, provided that the act is within the contracted scope of work; and 18. Undertake such other activities as are necessary to carry out the provisions of this article. C. In carrying out its powers and duties pursuant to this article, the Bank may: 1. Employ credit enhancement mechanisms that reduce financial risk for financing entities by providing assurance that a limited portion of a loan or other financial instrument is assumed by the Bank via a loan loss reserve, loan guarantee, or other mechanism; 2. Co-invest in a qualified project by providing senior or subordinated debt, equity, or other mechanisms in conjunction with other investment, co-lending, or financing; 3. Aggregate small and geographically dispersed qualified projects in order to diversify risk or secure additional private investment through securitization or similar resale of the Bank's interest in a completed qualified project; and 4. Expend funds appropriated to the Bank for start-up purposes, which may be used for financing programs and project investments authorized under this article, prior to adoption of the strategic plan required pursuant to § 45.2-118 and the investment strategy required pursuant to § 45.2-119. 2026, cc. 1125 , 1126 .

Va. Code Ann. § 45.2-117 Bank lending practices; consumer protection

A. In determining the projects in which the Bank will participate, the Bank shall give preference to projects that (i) maximize the creation of high-quality employment and apprenticeship opportunities for local workers, consistent with the public interest, especially workers from historically economically disadvantaged communities, and Virginia communities hosting retired or retiring electric generation facilities, including workers previously employed at retiring facilities, and (ii) utilize energy technologies produced domestically that received an advanced manufacturing tax credit under § 45X of the Internal Revenue Code, as allowed under the federal Inflation Reduction Act of 2022, P.L. 117-169. B. The Bank shall require, for all projects for which the Bank provides financing, that (i) the participants meet the Bank's underwriting criteria and (ii) any loan made to a homeowner for a project on the homeowner's residence complies with all applicable state and federal consumer lending laws. 2026, cc. 1125 , 1126 .

Va. Code Ann. § 45.2-118 Strategic plan

A. By December 15, 2026, and each December 15 in even-numbered years thereafter, the Bank shall develop and adopt a strategic plan that prioritizes the Bank's activities over the next two years. The strategic plan shall (i) identify targeted underserved markets for qualified projects in Virginia; (ii) develop specific programs to overcome market impediments through access to Bank financing and technical assistance; and (iii) develop outreach and marketing strategies designed to make potential project developers, participants, and communities aware of financing and technical assistance available from the Bank, including the deployment of community navigators. B. Elements of the strategic plan shall be informed by the Bank's analysis of the market for qualified projects and by the Bank's experience under the previous strategic plan, including the degree to which performance targets were or were not achieved by each financing program. In addition, the Bank shall actively seek input regarding activities that should be included in the strategic plan from stakeholders, historically economically disadvantaged communities, the general public, and participants, including via meetings required pursuant to § 45.2-120. C. The Bank shall establish annual targets in a strategic plan for each financing program regarding the number of projects, level of Bank investments, greenhouse gas emissions reductions, and installed generating capacity or energy savings the Bank hopes to achieve, including separate targets for Bank activities undertaken in historically economically disadvantaged communities. D. The Bank's targets and strategies shall be designed to ensure that no less than 40 percent of the direct benefits of Bank activities flow to historically economically disadvantaged communities. E. The Bank shall submit a draft strategic plan to the Bank Advisory Board no later than August 1 and, with any feedback from the Bank Advisory Board incorporated therein, to the General Assembly no later than October 15 in any even-numbered year. 2026, cc. 1125 , 1126 .

Va. Code Ann. § 45.2-119 Investment strategy; content; process

A. No later than December 15, 2026, and every four years thereafter, the Bank shall adopt a long-term investment strategy to ensure that the Bank's paramount goal to reduce greenhouse gas emissions is reflected in all of the Bank's operations. The investment strategy shall address: 1. The types of qualified projects the Bank should focus on; 2. Gaps in current qualified project financing that present the greatest opportunities for successful action by the Bank; 3. How the Bank can best position itself to maximize its impact without displacing, subsidizing, or assuming risk that should be shared with financing entities; 4. Financing tools that will be most effective in achieving the Bank's goals; 5. Partnerships the Bank should establish with other organizations to increase the likelihood of success; and 6. How values of economic and geographic balance can be integrated into all investment operations of the Bank. B. In developing an investment strategy, the Bank shall consult, at a minimum, with similar organizations in other states, lending authorities, state agencies, utilities, environmental and energy policy nonprofits, and other organizations that can provide valuable advice on the Bank's activities. The Bank shall consult with the Bank Advisory Board, the Department of Environmental Quality, and the Department of Conservation and Recreation to identify and incorporate flood resilience and water quality projects into the investment strategy. C. The long-term investment strategy shall contain provisions ensuring that: 1. Bank investments are not made solely to reduce private risk; and 2. Private financing entities do not unilaterally control the terms of investments to which the Bank is a party. D. The Bank shall submit a draft long-term investment strategy for comment to each of the groups and individuals with whom the Bank consults pursuant to subsection B and to the General Assembly and shall post the draft strategy on the Bank's website. The Bank shall accept written comments on the draft strategy for at least 30 days and shall consider the comments in preparing the final long-term investment strategy. 2026, cc. 1125 , 1126 .

Va. Code Ann. § 45.2-120 Public outreach

The Bank shall hold quarterly meetings that are accessible online to update the general public on the Bank's activities, report progress being made in regard to the Bank's strategic plan and long-term investment strategy, and invite audience questions regarding Bank programs. 2026, cc. 1125 , 1126 .

Va. Code Ann. § 45.2-121 Form and audit of accounts and records

A. The accounts and records of the Bank showing the receipt and disbursement of funds from whatever source derived shall be in such form as the Auditor of Public Accounts prescribes. B. The accounts and records of the Bank are subject to an annual audit by the Auditor of Public Accounts or his legal representative the results of which shall be reported to the Bank Advisory Board and to the Chairs of the Senate Finance and Appropriations Committee and the House Committee on Appropriations. 2026, cc. 1125 , 1126 .

Va. Code Ann. § 45.2-122 Annual report

The Bank shall submit to the Governor and the General Assembly an annual executive summary of the interim activity and work of the Bank no later than the first day of each regular session of the General Assembly, including a breakdown of the use of funds in the prior year. The executive summary shall be submitted as a report document as provided in the procedures of the Division of Legislative Automated Systems for the processing of legislative documents and reports and shall be posted on the General Assembly's website. The executive summary shall include information regarding efforts supported by the Bank. 2026, cc. 1125 , 1126 .
Source: Open US Law by Vaquill AI (CC BY 4.0)URL: https://law.lis.virginia.gov/vacode/title45.2/chapter1/Fetched: 10/16/2026