USC Subchapter IV

USC Subchapter IV
in effect

7 U.S.C. § 5661 Program controls for export programs

(a) Arrival certificationWith respect to a commodity provided, or for which financing or a credit guarantee or other assistance is made available, under a program authorized in section 5621 or 5622 of this title, the Commodity Credit Corporation shall require the exporter of the commodity to maintain records of an official or customary commercial nature or other documents as the Secretary may require, and shall allow representatives of the Commodity Credit Corporation access to the records or documents as needed, to verify the arrival of the commodity in the country that is the intended destination of the commodity. (b) DiversionThe unauthorized diversion of commodities under the programs authorized in sections 5621 and 5622 of this title is prohibited. The Commodity Credit Corporation shall establish procedures providing for the annual audit of a sufficient number of export transactions under such programs to ensure that the agricultural commodities that were the subject of such transactions arrived in the country of destination as provided in the sales agreement. (c) Good faithThe failure of an exporter, seller or other person to comply with the provisions of this section shall not affect the validity of any credit guarantee or other obligation of the Commodity Credit Corporation under the programs under this chapter with respect to any exporter, seller, or person who had no knowledge of such failure to comply at the time such exporter, seller, or person was assigned the credit guarantee or at the time the Corporation entered into such obligation.

7 U.S.C. § 5662 Compliance provisions

(a) Records(1) In generalIn the administration of the programs established under sections 5621, 5622, and 5623(b) of this title the Secretary shall require by regulation each exporter or other participant under the program to maintain all records concerning a program transaction for a period of not to exceed 5 years after completion of the program transaction, and to permit the Secretary to have full and complete access, for such 5-year period, to such records. (2) ConfidentialityThe personally identifiable information contained in reports under subsection (a) may be withheld in accordance with section 552(b)(4) of title 5. Any officer or employee of the Department of Agriculture who knowingly discloses confidential information as defined by section 1905 of title 18 shall be subject to section 1905 of title 18. Nothing in this subsection shall be construed to authorize the withholding of information from Congress. (b) ViolationIf any exporter, assignee, or other participant has engaged in fraud with respect to the programs authorized under this chapter, or has otherwise violated program requirements under this chapter, the Commodity Credit Corporation may—(1) hold such exporter, assignee, or participant liable for any and all losses to the Corporation resulting from such fraud or violation; (2) require a refund of any assistance provided to such exporter, assignee, or participant plus interest, as determined by the Secretary; and (3) collect liquidated damages from such exporter, assignee, or participant in an amount determined appropriate by the Secretary. The provisions of this subsection shall be without prejudice to any other remedy that is available under any other provision of law. (c) Suspension and debarmentThe Commodity Credit Corporation may suspend or debar for 1 or more years any exporter, assignee, or other participant from participation in one or more of the programs authorized by this chapter if the Corporation determines, after opportunity for a hearing, that such exporter, assignee, or other participant has violated the terms and conditions of the program or of this chapter and that the violation is of such a nature as to warrant suspension or debarment. (d) False certificationsThe provisions of section 1001 of title 18 shall apply to any false certifications issued under this chapter.

7 U.S.C. § 5663 Departmental administration system

(a) In generalWith respect to each commercial export promotion program of the Department of Agriculture or the Commodity Credit Corporation, the Secretary shall—(1) specify by regulation the criteria used to evaluate and approve proposals for that program; (2) establish a centralized system to permit the Foreign Agricultural Service to provide the history and current status of any proposal; (3) provide for regular audits of program transactions to determine compliance with program objectives and requirements; and (4) establish criteria to evaluate loans eligible for guarantees by the Commodity Credit Corporation, so as to ensure that the Corporation does not assume undue risk in providing such guarantees. (b) Accessibility of informationInformation pertaining to the status of a particular proposal shall be retrievable within the central system by appropriate categories, as determined appropriate by the Secretary.

7 U.S.C. § 5671 Agricultural embargo protection

(a) Prerequisites; scope of compensationNotwithstanding any other provision of law, if—(1) the President or other member of the executive branch of the Federal Government causes the export of any agricultural commodity to any country or area of the world to be suspended or restricted for reasons of national security or foreign policy under the Export Administration Act of 1979 (50 U.S.C. App. 2401 et seq.) 11 See References in Text note below. or under any other provision of law; (2) such suspension or restriction of the export of such agricultural commodity is imposed other than in connection with a suspension or restriction of all exports from the United States to such country or area of the world; and (3) sales of such agricultural commodity for export from the United States to such country or area of the world during the year preceding the year in which the suspension or restriction is imposed exceeds 3 percent of the total sales of such commodity for export from the United States to all foreign countries during the year preceding the year in which the suspension or restriction is in effect; the Secretary shall compensate producers of the commodity involved by making payments available to such producers, as provided in subsection (b) of this section. (b) Amount of paymentsIf the Secretary makes payments available to producers under subsection (a), the amount of such payment shall be determined—(1) in the case of an agricultural commodity for which payments are authorized to be made to producers under Title I of the Agricultural Act of 1949 (7 U.S.C. 1441 et seq.), by multiplying—(A) the farm program payment yield for the producer or the yield established for the farm for the commodity involved; by (B) the crop acreage base established for the commodity; by (C) the amount by which the average market price per unit of such commodity received by producers during the 60-day period immediately following the date of the imposition of the suspension or restriction is less than 100 percent of the parity price for such commodity, as determined by the Secretary on the date of the imposition of the suspension or restriction; or (2) in the case of other agricultural commodities for which price support is authorized for producers under the Agricultural Act of 1949 (7 U.S.C. 1421 et seq.), by multiplying the amount by which the average market price per unit of such commodity received by the producers during the 60-day period immediately following the date of the imposition of the suspension or restriction is less than 100 percent of the parity price for such commodity, as determined by the Secretary on the date of the imposition of the suspension or restriction, by the quantity of such commodity sold by the producer during the period that the suspension or restriction is in effect. (c) Time for paymentsPayments under paragraph (1) of subsection (b) shall be made for each marketing year or part thereof during which the suspension or restriction is in effect and shall be made in equal amounts at 90-day intervals, beginning 90 days after the date of the imposition of the suspension or restriction. (d) Commodity Credit CorporationThe Secretary shall use the Commodity Credit Corporation in carrying out the provisions of this section. (e) RegulationsThe Secretary may issue such regulations as are determined necessary to carry out this section.

7 U.S.C. § 5672 Development of plans to alleviate adverse impact of embargoes

To alleviate, to the maximum extent possible, the adverse impact on farmers, elevator operators, common carriers, and exporters of agricultural commodities of the President or other member of the executive branch of the Federal Government causing the export of any agricultural commodity to any country or area of the world to be suspended or restricted, the Secretary of Agriculture shall— (1) develop a comprehensive contingency plan that shall include—(A) an assessment of existing farm programs with a view to determining whether such programs are sufficiently flexible to enable the Secretary to efficiently and effectively offset the adverse impact of such a suspension or restriction on farmers, elevator operators, common carriers, and exporters of commodities provided for under such programs; (B) an evaluation of the kinds and availability of information needed to determine, on an emergency basis, the extent and severity of the impact of such a suspension or restriction on producers, elevator operators, common carriers, and exporters; and (C) the development of criteria for determining the extent, if any, to which the impact of such a suspension or restriction should be offset in the case of each of the sectors referred to in paragraph (1)(B); (2) for any suspension or restriction for which compensation is not provided under section 5671 of this title, prepare and submit to the appropriate Committees of Congress such recommendations for changes in existing agricultural programs, or for new programs, as the Secretary considers necessary to handle effectively, efficiently, economically, and fairly the impact of any such suspension or restriction; (3) for any suspension or restriction for which compensation is provided under section 5671 of this title, prepare and submit to the appropriate Committees of Congress a plan for implementing and administering section 5671 of this title; and (4) require the Commodity Credit Corporation, prior to such Corporation purchasing any contracts for the purpose of offsetting the impact of a commodity suspension or restriction, to—(A) prepare an economic justification for each commodity involved in the suspension or restriction to determine if such a purchase is necessary; (B) estimate any suspension- or restriction-related benefits and detrimental effects to the exporters, and use both estimates in determining the extent, if any, Federal assistance is needed; and (C) limit its purchases to only those types and grades of commodities suspended or restricted from shipment and make such purchases at prices at or near the current market prices.

7 U.S.C. § 5673 Contracting authority to expand agricultural export markets

(a) In generalThe Secretary may contract with individuals for services to be performed outside the United States as the Secretary determines necessary or appropriate for carrying out programs and activities to maintain, develop, or enhance export markets for United States agricultural commodities and products. (b) Not employees of United StatesIndividuals referred to in subsection (a) shall not be regarded as officers or employees of the United States.

7 U.S.C. § 5674 Trade consultations concerning imports

(a) Consultation between agenciesThe Secretary shall require consultation between the Administrator of the Service and the heads of other appropriate agencies and offices of the Department of Agriculture, including the Administrator of the Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, prior to relaxing or removing any restriction on the importation of any agricultural commodity into the United States. (b) Consultation with Trade RepresentativeThe Secretary shall consult with the United States Trade Representative prior to relaxing or removing any restriction on the importation of any agricultural commodity or a product thereof into the United States. (c) Monitoring compliance with sanitary and phytosanitary measuresThe Secretary shall monitor the compliance of World Trade Organization member countries with the sanitary and phytosanitary measures of the Agreement on Agriculture of the Uruguay Round of Multilateral Trade Negotiations of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade. If the Secretary has reason to believe that any country may have failed to meet the commitment on sanitary and phytosanitary measures under the Agreement in a manner that adversely impacts the exports of a United States agricultural commodity, the Secretary shall—(1) provide such information to the United States Trade Representative of the circumstances surrounding the matter arising under this subsection; and (2) with respect to any such circumstances that the Secretary considers to have a continuing adverse effect on United States agricultural exports, report to the Committee on Agriculture, and the Committee on Ways and Means, of the House of Representatives and the Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry, and the Committee on Finance, of the Senate—(A) that a country may have failed to meet the sanitary and phytosanitary commitments; and (B) any notice given by the Secretary to the United States Trade Representative.

7 U.S.C. § 5675 Technical assistance in trade negotiations

The Secretary shall provide technical services to the United States Trade Representative on matters pertaining to agricultural trade and with respect to international negotiations on issues related to agricultural trade.

7 U.S.C. § 5676 Limitation on use of certain export promotion programs

(a) In generalThe Secretary may provide that a person shall be ineligible for participation in an export program established under title I of the Food for Peace Act [7 U.S.C. 1701 et seq.], or in any other export credit, credit guarantee, bonus, or other export program carried out through, or administered by, the Commodity Credit Corporation or carried out with funds made available pursuant to section 612c of this title with respect to the export of any agricultural commodity or product that has been or will be used as the basis for a claim of a refund, as drawback, pursuant to section 1313(j)(2) of title 19, of any duty, tax, or fee imposed under Federal law on an imported commodity or product. (b) Vegetable oilA person shall be ineligible for participation in any of the export programs referred to in subsection (a) with respect to the export of vegetable oil or a vegetable oil product that has been or will be used as the basis for a claim of a refund, as a drawback, pursuant to section 1313 of title 19, of any duty, tax, or fee imposed under Federal law on an imported commodity or product. (c) CertificationIf the Secretary takes action under the authority granted under subsection (a), a person applying to export any agricultural commodity under the export programs referred to in subsection (a) shall certify that none of the commodity has been or will be used as the basis of a claim for any refund specified in subsection (a), except that regardless of whether the Secretary takes action under the authority granted under subsection (a), a person applying to export any vegetable oil or vegetable oil product under such programs shall certify that none of the vegetable oil or vegetable oil product has been or will be used as the basis of a claim for any refund specified in subsection (b). (d) RegulationsThe Secretary shall promulgate regulations to carry out this section. (e) ApplicabilityThis section shall not apply to quantities of agricultural commodities and products with respect to which an exporter has entered into a contract, prior to November 28, 1990, for an export sale.

7 U.S.C. § 5677 Trade compensation and assistance programs

(a) In generalExcept as provided in subsection (f), notwithstanding any other provision of law, if, after April 4, 1996, the President or any other member of the executive branch causes exports from the United States to any country to be unilaterally suspended for reasons of national security or foreign policy, and if within 90 days after the date on which the suspension is imposed on United States exports no other country with an agricultural economic interest agrees to participate in the suspension, the Secretary shall carry out a trade compensation assistance program in accordance with this section (referred to in this section as a “program”). (b) Compensation or provision of fundsUnder a program, the Secretary shall, based on an evaluation by the Secretary of the method most likely to produce the greatest compensatory benefit for producers of the commodity involved in the suspension—(1) compensate producers of the commodity by making payments available to producers, as provided by subsection (c)(1); or (2) make available an amount of funds calculated under subsection (c)(2), to promote agricultural exports or provide agricultural commodities to developing countries under any authorities available to the Secretary. (c) Determination of amount of compensation or funds(1) CompensationIf the Secretary makes payments available to producers under subsection (b)(1), the amount of the payment shall be determined by the Secretary based on the Secretary’s estimate of the loss suffered by producers of the commodity involved due to any decrease in the price of the commodity as a result of the suspension. (2) Determination of amount of fundsFor each fiscal year of a program, the amount of funds made available under subsection (b)(2) shall be equal to 90 percent of the average annual value of United States agricultural exports to the country with respect to which exports are suspended during the most recent 3 years prior to the suspension for which data are available. (d) Duration of programFor each suspension of exports for which a program is implemented under this section, funds shall be made available under subsection (b) for each fiscal year or part of a fiscal year for which the suspension is in effect, but not to exceed 3 fiscal years. (e) Commodity Credit CorporationThe Secretary shall use funds of the Commodity Credit Corporation to carry out this section. (f) Exception to carrying out programThis section shall not apply to any suspension of trade due to a war or armed hostility. (g) Partial year embargoesIf the Secretary makes funds available under subsection (b)(2), regardless of whether an embargo is in effect for only part of a fiscal year, the full amount of funds as calculated under subsection (c)(2) shall be made available under a program for the fiscal year. If the Secretary determines that making the required amount of funds available in a partial fiscal year is impracticable, the Secretary may make all or part of the funds required to be made available in the following fiscal year (in addition to any funds otherwise required under a program to be made available in the following fiscal year). (h) Short supply embargoesIf the President or any other member of the executive branch causes exports to be suspended based on a determination of short supply, the Secretary shall carry out section 1310 of this title.

7 U.S.C. § 5678 Edward R. Madigan United States Agricultural Export Excellence Award

(a) FindingsCongress finds that—(1) United States producers of agricultural products are some of the most productive and efficient producers of agricultural products in the world; (2) continued growth and expansion of markets for United States agricultural exports is crucial to the continued development and economic well-being of rural areas of the United States and the agricultural sector of the United States economy; (3) in recent years, United States agricultural exports have steadily increased, surpassing $54,000,000,000 in value in 1995; (4) as United States agricultural producers move toward a market-oriented system in which planting and other decisions by producers are driven by national and international market signals, developing new and expanding agricultural export markets is vital to maintaining a vibrant and healthy agricultural sector and rural economy; and (5) a United States agricultural export excellence award will increase United States agricultural exports by—(A) identifying efforts of United States entities to develop and expand markets for United States agricultural exports through the development of new products and services and through the use of innovative marketing techniques; (B) recognizing achievements of those who have exhibited or supported entrepreneurial efforts to expand and create new markets for United States agricultural exports or increase the volume or value of United States agricultural exports; and (C) disseminating information on successful methods used to develop and expand markets for United States agricultural exports. (b) EstablishmentThere is established the Edward R. Madigan United States Agricultural Export Excellence Award, which shall be evidenced by a medal bearing the inscription “Edward R. Madigan United States Agricultural Export Excellence Award”. The medal shall be of such design and materials and bear such additional inscriptions as the Secretary of Agriculture (referred to in this section as the “Secretary”) may prescribe. (c) Selection of recipientThe President or the Secretary (on the basis of recommendations received from the board established under subsection (h)) shall periodically provide the award to companies and other entities that in the judgment of the President or the Secretary substantially encourage entrepreneurial efforts in the food and agriculture sector for advancing United States agricultural exports. (d) Presentation of awardThe presentation of the award shall be made by the President or the Secretary with such ceremonies as the President or the Secretary considers proper. (e) Publication of awardAn entity to which an award is made under this section may publicize the receipt of the award by the entity and use the award in advertising of the entity. (f) Categories for which award may be givenSeparate awards shall be made to qualifying entities in each of the following categories:(1) Development of new products or services for agricultural export markets. (2) Development of new agricultural export markets. (3) Creative marketing of products or services in agricultural export markets. (g) Criteria for qualificationAn entity may qualify for an award under this section only if the entity—(1)(A) applies to the board established under subsection (h) in writing for the award; or (B) is recommended for the award by a Governor of a State; (2)(A) has exhibited significant entrepreneurial effort to create new markets for United States agricultural exports or increase United States agricultural exports; or (B) has provided significant assistance to others in an effort to create new markets for United States agricultural exports or increase United States agricultural exports; (3) has not received another award in the same category under subsection (f) during the preceding 5-year period; and (4) meets such other requirements and specifications as the Secretary determines are appropriate to achieve the objectives of this section. (h) Board(1) SelectionThe Secretary shall appoint a board of evaluators, consisting of at least 5 individuals from the private sector selected for their knowledge and experience in exporting United States agricultural products. (2) MeetingsThe board shall meet at least once annually to review and evaluate all applicants and entities recommended by States under subsection (g)(1). (3) Recommendations of boardThe board shall report its recommendations concerning the making of the award to the Secretary. (4) TermEach member of the board may serve a term of not to exceed 3 years. (i) FundingThe Secretary may seek and accept gifts from public and private sources to carry out this section.

7 U.S.C. § 5679 Biotechnology and agricultural trade program

(a) EstablishmentThere is established in the Department the biotechnology and agricultural trade program. (b) PurposeThe purpose of the program shall be to remove, resolve, or mitigate significant regulatory nontariff barriers to the export of United States agricultural commodities (as defined in section 5602 of this title) into foreign markets through public and private sector projects funded by grants that address—(1) quick response intervention regarding nontariff barriers to United States exports involving—(A) United States agricultural commodities produced through biotechnology or new agricultural production technologies; (B) food safety; (C) disease; or (D) other sanitary or phytosanitary concerns; or (2) developing protocols as part of bilateral negotiations with other countries on issues such as animal health, grain quality, and genetically modified commodities. (c) Eligible programsDepending on need, as determined by the Secretary, activities authorized under this section may be carried out through—(1) this section; (2) the emerging markets program under section 1542 11 See References in Text note below. and section 5623(d) of this title; or (3) the Cochran Fellowship Program under section 3293 of this title. (d) FundingThere is authorized to be appropriated $2,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2019 through 2023.

Starting a business? Corpus forms LLCs in all 50 states and DC.