USC Subchapter III

16 U.S.C. § 6542 Water Source Protection Program

(a) DefinitionsIn this section:(1) End water userThe term “end water user” means a non-Federal entity, including—(A) a State; (B) a political subdivision of a State; (C) an Indian tribe; (D) a utility; (E) a municipal water system; (F) an irrigation district; (G) a nonprofit organization; and (H) a corporation. (2) Forest management activityThe term “forest management activity” means a project carried out by the Secretary on National Forest System land. (3) Forest planThe term “forest plan” means a land management plan prepared by the Forest Service for a unit of the National Forest System pursuant to section 1604 of this title. (4) Non-Federal partnerThe term “non-Federal partner” means an end water user with whom the Secretary has entered into a partnership agreement under subsection (c)(1). (5) ProgramThe term “Program” means the Water Source Protection Program established under subsection (b). (6) SecretaryThe term “Secretary” means the Secretary of Agriculture, acting through the Chief of the Forest Service. (7) Water source management planThe term “water source management plan” means the water source management plan developed under subsection (d)(1). (b) EstablishmentThe Secretary shall establish and maintain a program, to be known as the “Water Source Protection Program”, to carry out watershed protection and restoration projects on National Forest System land. (c) Water source investment partnerships(1) In generalIn carrying out the Program, the Secretary may enter into water source investment partnership agreements with end water users to protect and restore the condition of National Forest watersheds that provide water to the end water users. (2) FormA partnership agreement described in paragraph (1) may take the form of—(A) a memorandum of understanding; (B) a cost-share or collection agreement; (C) a long-term funding matching commitment; or (D) another appropriate instrument, as determined by the Secretary. (d) Water source management plan(1) In generalIn carrying out the Program, the Secretary, in cooperation with the non-Federal partners and applicable State, local, and Tribal governments, may develop a water source management plan that describes the proposed implementation of watershed protection and restoration projects under the Program. (2) RequirementA water source management plan shall be conducted in a manner consistent with the forest plan applicable to the National Forest System land on which the watershed protection and restoration project is carried out. (3) Environmental analysisThe Secretary may conduct a single environmental impact statement or similar analysis required under the National Environmental Policy Act of 1969 (42 U.S.C. 4321 et seq.)—(A) for each watershed protection and restoration project included in the water source management plan; or (B) as part of the development of, or after the finalization of, the water source management plan. (e) Forest management activities(1) In generalTo the extent that forest management activities are necessary to protect, maintain, or enhance water quality, and in accordance with paragraph (2), the Secretary shall carry out forest management activities as part of watershed protection and restoration projects carried out on National Forest System land, with the primary purpose of—(A) protecting a municipal water supply system; (B) restoring forest health from insect infestations and disease; or (C) any combination of the purposes described in subparagraphs (A) and (B). (2) ComplianceThe Secretary shall carry out forest management activities under paragraph (1) in accordance with—(A) this chapter; (B) the applicable water source management plan; (C) the applicable forest plan; and (D) other applicable laws. (f) Endangered Species Act of 1973In carrying out the Program, the Secretary may use the Manual on Adaptive Management of the Department of the Interior, including any associated guidance, to comply with the Endangered Species Act of 1973 (16 U.S.C. 1531 et seq.). (g) Funds and services(1) In generalIn carrying out the Program, the Secretary may accept and use funding, services, and other forms of investment and assistance from non-Federal partners to implement the water source management plan. (2) Matching funds requiredThe Secretary shall require the contribution of funds or in-kind support from non-Federal partners to be in an amount that is at least equal to the amount of Federal funds. (3) Manner of useThe Secretary may accept and use investments described in paragraph (1) directly or indirectly through the National Forest Foundation. (4) Water source protection fund(A) In generalSubject to the availability of appropriations, the Secretary may establish a Water Source Protection Fund to match funds or in-kind support contributed by non-Federal partners under paragraph (1). (B) Use of appropriated fundsThere is authorized to be appropriated to carry out this section $10,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2019 through 2023. (C) Partnership agreementsThe Secretary may make multiyear commitments, if necessary, to implement 1 or more partnership agreements under subsection (c).

16 U.S.C. § 6543 Watershed Condition Framework

(a) In generalThe Secretary of Agriculture, acting through the Chief of the Forest Service (referred to in this section as the “Secretary”), may establish and maintain a Watershed Condition Framework for National Forest System land—(1) to evaluate and classify the condition of watersheds, taking into consideration—(A) water quality and quantity; (B) aquatic habitat and biota; (C) riparian and wetland vegetation; (D) the presence of roads and trails; (E) soil type and condition; (F) groundwater-dependent ecosystems; (G) relevant terrestrial indicators, such as fire regime, risk of catastrophic fire, forest and rangeland vegetation, invasive species, and insects and disease; and (H) other significant factors, as determined by the Secretary; (2) to identify for protection and restoration up to 5 priority watersheds in each National Forest, and up to 2 priority watersheds in each national grassland, taking into consideration the impact of the condition of the watershed condition on—(A) wildfire behavior; (B) flood risk; (C) fish and wildlife; (D) drinking water supplies; (E) irrigation water supplies; (F) forest-dependent communities; and (G) other significant impacts, as determined by the Secretary; (3) to develop a watershed protection and restoration action plan for each priority watershed that—(A) takes into account existing restoration activities being implemented in the watershed; and (B) includes, at a minimum—(i) the major stressors responsible for the impaired condition of the watershed; (ii) a set of essential projects that, once completed, will address the identified stressors and improve watershed conditions; (iii) a proposed implementation schedule; (iv) potential partners and funding sources; and (v) a monitoring and evaluation program; (4) to prioritize protection and restoration activities for each watershed restoration action plan; (5) to implement each watershed protection and restoration action plan; and (6) to monitor the effectiveness of protection and restoration actions and indicators of watershed health. (b) CoordinationIn carrying out subsection (a), the Secretary shall—(1) coordinate with interested non-Federal landowners and State, Tribal, and local governments within the relevant watershed; and (2) provide for an active and ongoing public engagement process. (c) Emergency designationNotwithstanding paragraph (2) of subsection (a), the Secretary may identify a watershed as a priority for rehabilitation in the Watershed Condition Framework without using the process described in that subsection if a Forest Supervisor determines that—(1) a wildfire has significantly diminished the condition of the watershed; and (2) the emergency stabilization activities of the Burned Area Emergency Response Team are insufficient to return the watershed to proper function.