TITLE 3.5. UTILITY SERVICES [1882. - 1882.6.]

Cal. Civil Code - CIV 4.

in effect

Cal. Civil Code - CIV § 1882. Section 1882.

Unless the context requires otherwise, the following definitions govern the construction of this title: (a) “Customer” means the person in whose name a utility service is provided. (b) “Divert” means to change the intended course or path of electricity, gas, or water without the authorization or consent of the utility. (c) “Person” means any individual, a partnership, firm, association, limited liability company, or corporation. (d) “Reconnection” means the commencement of utility service to a customer or other person after service has been lawfully discontinued by the utility. (e) “Tamper” means to rearrange, injure, alter, interfere with, or otherwise to prevent from performing normal or customary function. (f) “Utility” means any electrical, gas, or water corporation as those terms are defined in the Public Utilities Code and includes any electrical, gas, or water system operated by any public agency. (g) “Utility service” means the provision of electricity, gas, water, or any other service or commodity furnished by the utility for compensation.

Cal. Civil Code - CIV § 1882.1. Section 1882.1.

A utility may bring a civil action for damages against any person who commits, authorizes, solicits, aids, abets, or attempts any of the following acts: (a) Diverts, or causes to be diverted, utility services by any means whatsoever. (b) Makes, or causes to be made, any connection or reconnection with property owned or used by the utility to provide utility service without the authorization or consent of the utility. (c) Prevents any utility meter, or other device used in determining the charge for utility services, from accurately performing its measuring function by tampering or by any other means. (d) Tampers with any property owned or used by the utility to provide utility services. (e) Uses or receives the direct benefit of all, or a portion, of the utility service with knowledge of, or reason to believe that, the diversion, tampering, or unauthorized connection existed at the time of the use, or that the use or receipt, was without the authorization or consent of the utility. (f) (1) Tampers with a fire hydrant, fire hydrant meter, or fire detector check, or connects to, diverts water from, or causes water to be diverted from, a fire hydrant without authorization from the utility that owns the fire hydrant. (2) A public agency having firefighting or emergency response responsibilities during a fire, or a qualified insurance resource, as defined in Section 1139 of the Labor Code, with approval from incident command or the authority having jurisdiction over the active fire incident, shall be considered to have authorization from the utility that owns the fire hydrant during an active fire incident.

Cal. Civil Code - CIV § 1882.2. Section 1882.2.

In any civil action brought pursuant to Section 1882.1, the utility may recover as damages three times the amount of actual damages, if any, plus the cost of the suit and reasonable attorney’s fees.

Cal. Civil Code - CIV § 1882.3. Section 1882.3.

There is a rebuttable presumption that there is a violation of Section 1882.1 if either of the following occurs: (a) On premises controlled by the customer or by the person using or receiving the direct benefit of utility service, including through the use of a vehicle, there is either, or both, of the following: (1) Any instrument, apparatus, or device primarily designed to be used to obtain utility service without paying the full lawful charge for the utility service. (2) A meter that has been altered, tampered with, or bypassed so as to cause no measurement or inaccurate measurement of utility services. (b) A person tampers with or uses a fire hydrant, fire hydrant meter, or fire detector check without authorization to obtain water and without paying the full lawful charge of the water.

Cal. Civil Code - CIV § 1882.4. Section 1882.4.

A utility may, in accordance with Chapter 3 (commencing with Section 525) of Title 7 of Part 2 of the Code of Civil Procedure, bring an action to enjoin and restrain any of the acts specified in Section 1882.1. The utility may, in the same action, seek damages for any of the acts specified in Section 1882.1.

Cal. Civil Code - CIV § 1882.5. Section 1882.5.

It is not a necessary prerequisite to an action pursuant to Section 1882.4 that the utility have suffered, or be threatened with, monetary damages.

Cal. Civil Code - CIV § 1882.6. Section 1882.6.

Any damages recovered pursuant to this title in excess of the actual damages sustained by the utility may be taken into account by the Public Utilities Commission or other applicable ratemaking agency in establishing utility rates.

Source: CA Legislative Counsel Bulk DataURL: https://downloads.leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/pubinfo_2025.zipFetched: 6/27/2026