CFR Part 227

in effect

37 C.F.R. § 227.1 Failure by respondent or counterclaim respondent to appear or participate in proceeding.

(a) Notice of missed deadline or requirement. If a respondent or counterclaim respondent fails to file a response or fails, without justifiable cause, to meet any filing deadline or other requirement set forth in the scheduling order or other order, upon notice of a party or by its own initiative, the Copyright Claims Board (Board) may issue a notice to the respondent or counterclaim respondent following the missed deadline or requirement. Requests to issue a notice regarding a missed deadline or requirement and any responses thereto shall follow the procedures set forth in § 220.5(a)(1) of this subchapter. (b) Contents of default notice—(1) First default notice. A notice issued under this section shall inform the respondent or counterclaim respondent that failure to participate in the proceeding may result in the Board entering a default determination against the respondent or counterclaim respondent, including dismissal of any counterclaims asserted by the defaulting respondent, and shall explain the legal effects of a default determination. The notice shall provide the respondent or counterclaim respondent with 30 days from the date of the notice to cure the missed deadline or requirement. The notice shall be issued to the respondent or counterclaim respondent through eCCB, as well as by mail and all known email addresses. (2) Second default notice. If the respondent or counterclaim respondent has failed to respond within 15 days after the first notice of the pendency of the default determination, the Board shall send a second notice to the respondent or counterclaim respondent according to the procedures set forth in paragraph (b)(1) of this section. Such notice shall attach the first notice and shall remind the respondent or counterclaim respondent that it must cure the missed deadline or requirement within 30 days from the date of the first notice. (c) Response to notice. If the respondent or counterclaim respondent cures the missed deadline or requirement within the time specified by the notice, the proceeding shall resume and the Board shall issue a revised scheduling order, if necessary. If the respondent or counterclaim respondent fails to timely cure but submits a response that indicates an intent to re-engage with the proceeding pursuant to the procedures set forth in § 220.5(a)(1) of this subchapter, the Board shall consider the response and either provide the respondent or counterclaim respondent with additional time to meet the deadline or proceed with the default determination process. If the respondent or counterclaim respondent fails to cure the missed deadline or requirement within the time specified by the notice and does not otherwise respond to the notice, the Board shall require the claimant or counterclaimant to submit evidence in support of a default determination, as set forth in § 227.2. (d) Multiple missed deadlines. A respondent or counterclaim respondent may cure a missed deadline according to the procedure set forth in this section at least twice without default being issued. If the respondent or counterclaim respondent misses a third deadline in the scheduling order without good cause, the Board may, in its discretion, proceed directly to requiring submission of evidence to proceed with a default determination as set forth in § 227.2.

37 C.F.R. § 227.2 Submission of evidence by claimant or counterclaimant in support of default determination.

(a) General. If a respondent or counterclaim respondent fails to appear or ceases to participate in the proceeding and the Board elects to proceed to a default determination, the Board shall require the claimant or counterclaimant to submit written direct testimony, as set forth in § 222.15(b) of this subchapter. (b) Additional evidence. Following submission of the claimant's or counterclaimant's written testimony in support of a default determination, the Board shall consider the claimant's or counterclaimant's submissions and may request any additional evidence from the claimant or counterclaimant within the claimant's or counterclaimant's possession.

37 C.F.R. § 227.3 Notice of proposed default determination.

(a) Consideration of evidence. Following submission of evidence by the claimant or counterclaimant, as set forth in § 227.2, the Board shall review such evidence and shall determine whether it is sufficient to support a finding in favor of the claimant or counterclaimant under applicable law. As part of its review, the Board shall consider whether the respondent or counterclaim respondent has a meritorious defense. If the Board finds the evidence sufficient to support a finding in favor of the claimant or counterclaimant, it shall determine the appropriate relief and damages, if any, to be awarded. (1) If the Board determines that the evidence is sufficient to support a finding in favor of the claimant or counterclaimant, the Board shall prepare a proposed default determination. (2) If the Board determines that the evidence is insufficient to support a finding in favor of the claimant or counterclaimant, the Board shall prepare a proposed determination dismissing the proceeding without prejudice and shall provide written notice of such proposed determination to the claimant or counterclaimant. The claimant or counterclaimant may submit a response to the proposed determination within 30 days of the date of the notice of proposed determination. Such response shall follow the procedures set forth in § 220.5(b) of this subchapter and be limited to seven pages. After considering any response from the claimant or counterclaimant, the Board shall either maintain its proposed determination and dismiss the proceeding without prejudice or determine that the evidence is sufficient to support a finding in favor of the claimant or counterclaimant and prepare a proposed default determination. (b) Proposed default determination. The proposed default determination shall include a finding in favor of the claimant or counterclaimant and the damages awarded, if any. The proposed default determination shall also include dismissal of any counterclaims asserted by the defaulting respondent. (c) Notice to respondent or counterclaim respondent. The Board shall provide written notice to the respondent or counterclaim respondent of the pendency of the default determination and the legal significance of the default determination, including any liability for damages, if applicable, as set forth in 17 U.S.C. 1506(u)(2). The notice shall be accompanied by the proposed default determination and shall provide the respondent or counterclaim respondent 30 days, beginning on the date of the notice, to submit any evidence or other information in opposition to the proposed default determination.

37 C.F.R. § 227.4 Opportunity for respondent or counterclaim respondent to submit evidence.

(a) Response to notice by respondent or counterclaim respondent. The respondent or counterclaim respondent may submit in writing any evidence or information in opposition to the proposed default determination within 30 days of the issuance of the proposed default determination absent an extension of that time by the Board. The form of that response shall follow the procedures for written response testimony under § 222.15(b) of this subchapter. If the respondent or counterclaim respondent fails to timely submit evidence but submits a response that indicates an intent to submit evidence in opposition to the proposed default determination, the Board shall consider the response and either provide the respondent or counterclaim respondent with additional time to submit evidence or proceed with issuing the default determination. (b) Response to respondent's or counterclaim respondent's submissions. If the respondent or counterclaim respondent provides any evidence or other information in response to the notice of the pending default determination, the other parties to the proceeding shall be provided an opportunity to address such a submission by following the procedures for written reply testimony under § 222.15(c) of this subchapter within 21 days of the respondent's submission. (c) Hearings. The Board may hold a hearing related to default determinations at its discretion.

37 C.F.R. § 227.5 Issuance of determination.

(a) Determination after respondent or counterclaim respondent submits evidence. If the respondent or counterclaim respondent provides evidence or information as set forth in § 227.4, the Board shall consider all submissions, including any responses to the respondent's or counterclaim respondent's submission. The Board then shall maintain or amend its proposed default determination. The resulting determination shall not be a default determination and instead shall be a final determination. The respondent or counterclaim respondent may not challenge such determination under 17 U.S.C. 1508(c)(1)(C) and may only request reconsideration pursuant to 17 U.S.C. 1506(w) and the procedures set forth in part 230 of this subchapter. (b) Determination after respondent or counterclaim respondent fails to respond to notice. If the respondent or counterclaim respondent fails to respond to the notice of pending default determination, the Board shall issue the proposed default determination as a final determination. The respondent or counterclaim respondent may only challenge such determination to the extent permitted under 17 U.S.C. 1508(c) or the procedures set forth in paragraph (c) of this section. (c) Vacating a default determination. If additional proceedings have not been initiated under 17 U.S.C. 1508(c), the respondent or counterclaim respondent may request in writing that the default determination be vacated and provide the reasons why the decision should be vacated. A request to vacate the default determination must be filed within 30 days of the determination, shall be no more than 12 pages, and shall meet the requirements set forth in § 220.5(b) of this subchapter; and a response to that request must be filed within 30 days of the request to vacate, shall be no more than 12 pages, and shall meet the requirements set forth in § 220.5(b). The Board may vacate the default determination in the interests of justice.

Source: eCFRURL: https://www.ecfr.gov/api/versioner/v1/full/2024-07-01/title-37.xmlFetched: 7/26/2026