Pleading requirements
N.D. Cent. Code § 19-23-02
in effect19-23-02. Pleading requirements
1. In any action commenced under this chapter, the complaint or petition must state with
particularity the following:
a. The statute, rule, regulation, ordinance, or other law that was allegedly violated;
b. The facts that are alleged to constitute a material violation of the statute, rule,
regulation, ordinance, or other law; and
c. The facts alleged to demonstrate that the violation proximately caused actual
injury to the plaintiff.
2. The complaint or petition must also state with particularity facts sufficient to support a
reasonable inference that the violation was with intent to deceive or injure consumers
or with the actual knowledge that the violation was injurious to consumers.
Source: Open US Law by Vaquill AI (CC BY 4.0)URL: https://ndlegis.gov/cencode/t19c23.pdf#nameddest=19-23-02Fetched: 10/16/2026