Va. Code Ann. tit. 37.2, ch. 4

Va. Code Ann. tit. 37.2, ch. 4
in effect

Va. Code Ann. § 37.2-400 Rights of individuals receiving services

A. Each individual receiving services in a hospital, training center, other facility, or program operated, funded, or licensed by the Department, excluding those operated by the Department of Corrections, shall be assured his legal rights and care consistent with basic human dignity insofar as it is within the reasonable capabilities and limitations of the Department, funded program, or licensee and is consistent with sound therapeutic treatment. Each individual admitted to a hospital, training center, other facility, or program operated, funded, or licensed by the Department shall: 1. Retain his legal rights as provided by state and federal law; 2. Receive prompt evaluation and treatment or training about which he is informed insofar as he is capable of understanding; 3. Be treated with dignity as a human being and be free from abuse or neglect; 4. Not be the subject of experimental or investigational research without his prior written and informed consent or that of his legally authorized representative; 5. Be afforded an opportunity to have access to consultation with a private physician at his own expense and, in the case of hazardous treatment or irreversible surgical procedures, have, upon request, an impartial review prior to implementation, except in case of emergency procedures required for the preservation of his health; 6. Be treated under the least restrictive conditions consistent with his condition and not be subjected to unnecessary physical restraint and isolation; 7. Be allowed to send and receive sealed letter mail. State facilities operated by the Department may process letter mail for electronic delivery in accordance with approved policies and procedures and applicable human rights regulations, provided that nothing in this subdivision shall be construed to authorize review of the contents of mail except as otherwise permitted under such regulations; 8. Have access to his medical and clinical treatment, training, or habilitation records and be assured of their confidentiality but, notwithstanding other provisions of law, this right shall be limited to access consistent with his condition and sound therapeutic treatment; 9. Have the right to an impartial review of violations of the rights assured under this section and the right of access to legal counsel; 10. Be afforded appropriate opportunities, consistent with the individual's capabilities and capacity, to participate in the development and implementation of his individualized services plan; and 11. Be afforded the opportunity to have a person of his choice notified of his general condition, location, and transfer to another facility. The Board shall adopt regulations to implement the provisions of this subsection after due notice and public hearing, as provided for in the Administrative Process Act (§ 2.2-4000 et seq.). B. The Board shall adopt regulations delineating the rights of individuals receiving services with respect to nutritionally adequate diet; safe and sanitary housing; participation in nontherapeutic labor; attendance or nonattendance at religious services; participation in treatment decision-making, including due process procedures to be followed when an individual may be unable to make an informed decision; notification of a person of his choice regarding his general condition, location, and transfer to another facility; use of telephones; suitable clothing; possession of money and valuables; and related matters. C. The human rights regulations shall be applicable to all hospitals, training centers, other facilities, and programs operated, funded, or licensed by the Department; these hospitals, training centers, other facilities, or programs may be classified as to population served, size, type of services, or other reasonable classification. D. The Board shall adopt regulations requiring public and private facilities and programs licensed or funded by the Department to provide nonprivileged information and statistical data to the Department related to (i) the results of investigations of abuse or neglect, (ii) deaths and serious injuries, (iii) instances of seclusion and restraint, including the duration, type, and rationale for use per individual receiving services, and (iv) findings by state or local human rights committees or the Office of Human Rights in the Department of human rights violations, abuse, or neglect. The Board's regulations shall address the procedures for collecting, compiling, encrypting, and releasing the data. This information and statistical data shall be made available to the public in a format from which all information identifying a provider or an individual receiving services has been removed. The Board's regulations shall specifically exclude all proceedings, minutes, records, and reports of any committee or nonprofit entity providing a centralized credentialing service that are identified as privileged pursuant to § 8.01-581.17 . 1974, c. 335, § 37.1-84.1; 1976, c. 671; 1989, cc. 459, 591; 1992, c. 603; 1999, c. 969 ; 2005, c. 716 ; 2009, cc. 111 , 517 ; 2012, cc. 476 , 507 ; 2026, cc. 289 , 290 .

Va. Code Ann. § 37.2-401 Authorized representative prohibition

No employee of the Department, a state hospital or training center, a community services board or behavioral health authority, a community services board or behavioral health authority contractor, or any other public or private program or facility licensed or funded by the Department shall serve as an authorized representative for an individual receiving services in any state hospital or training center, community services board or behavioral health authority, community services board or behavioral health authority contractor, or other licensed or funded public or private program or facility, unless the employee is a relative or legal guardian of the individual receiving services. 1974, c. 335, § 37.1-84.1; 1976, c. 671; 1989, cc. 459, 591; 1992, c. 603; 1999, c. 969 ; 2005, c. 716 ; 2012, cc. 476 , 507 .

Va. Code Ann. § 37.2-402 Board to establish regulations regarding human research

The Board shall adopt regulations pursuant to the Administrative Process Act (§ 2.2-4000 et seq.) to implement the provisions of Chapter 5.1 (§ 32.1-162.16 et seq.) of Title 32.1 for human research, as defined in § 32.1-162.16 , to be conducted or authorized by the Department, any community services board or behavioral health authority, or any other facility or program operated, funded, or licensed by the Department. The regulations shall require the human research committee to submit to the Governor, the General Assembly, and the Commissioner or his designee at least annually a report on the human research projects reviewed and approved by the committee and shall require the committee to report any significant deviations from the proposals as approved. 1979, c. 38, § 37.1-238; 1992, c. 603, § 37.1-24.01; 2005, c. 716 .

Va. Code Ann. § 37.2-403 Definitions

As used in this article, unless the context requires a different meaning: "Brain injury" means any injury to the brain that occurs after birth that is acquired through traumatic or non-traumatic insults. Non-traumatic insults may include but are not limited to anoxia, hypoxia, aneurysm, toxic exposure, encephalopathy, surgical interventions, tumor, and stroke. "Brain injury" does not include hereditary, congenital, or degenerative brain disorders, or injuries induced by birth trauma. "Conditional license" means a license issued in accordance with the requirements of § 37.2-415 to a provider for a new service for a period of time sufficient to allow the provider to demonstrate compliance with regulations of the Board governing licensure of providers. "Full license" means a license issued in accordance with the requirements of § 37.2-404 to a provider who demonstrates full compliance with the regulations of the Board governing licensure of providers. "Provider" means any person, entity, or organization, excluding an agency of the federal government by whatever name or designation, that delivers (i) services to individuals with mental illness, developmental disabilities, or substance abuse or (ii) residential services for persons with brain injury. The person, entity, or organization shall include a hospital as defined in § 32.1-123 , community services board, behavioral health authority, private provider, and any other similar or related person, entity, or organization. It shall not include any individual practitioner who holds a license issued by a health regulatory board of the Department of Health Professions or who is exempt from licensing pursuant to § 54.1-3501 , 54.1-3601 , or 54.1-3701 . "Provisional license" means a license issued to a provider previously issued a full license that has demonstrated a temporary inability to maintain compliance with licensing or human rights regulations or that has failed to comply with a previous corrective action plan, and that allows the provider to continue operating for a limited time while addressing the inability or failure to comply with regulations. "Service or services" means: 1. Planned individualized interventions intended to reduce or ameliorate mental illness, developmental disabilities, or substance abuse through care, treatment, training, habilitation, or other supports that are delivered by a provider to persons with mental illness, developmental disabilities, or substance abuse. Services include outpatient services, intensive in-home services, opioid treatment services, inpatient psychiatric hospitalization, community gero-psychiatric residential services, assertive community treatment, and other clinical services; day support, day treatment, partial hospitalization, psychosocial rehabilitation, and habilitation services; case management services; and supportive residential, special school, halfway house, in-home services, crisis stabilization, and other residential services; and 2. Planned individualized interventions intended to reduce or ameliorate the effects of brain injury through care, treatment, or other supports provided in residential services for persons with brain injury. Code 1950, § 37-254; 1950, p. 935; 1960, c. 496; 1964, c. 54; 1968, c. 477, § 37.1-179; 1971, Ex. Sess., c. 182; 1976, c. 671; 1977, cc. 89, 346; 1979, c. 54; 1980, c. 582; 2001, cc. 486 , 506 ; 2002, c. 56 ; 2005, cc. 716 , 718 , 725 ; 2012, cc. 476 , 507 ; 2014, c. 497 ; 2017, c. 458 ; 2021, Sp. Sess. I, cc. 3 , 257 .

Va. Code Ann. § 37.2-404 Authority of Commissioner to grant licenses

The Commissioner, subject to regulations adopted by the Board, may license any suitable provider to establish, maintain and operate, or have charge of any service. 1980, c. 582, § 37.1-179.1; 2001, cc. 486 , 506 ; 2002, c. 56 ; 2005, c. 716 .

Va. Code Ann. § 37.2-405 License required; exception; license not transferable; operation of existing services; persons not to be admitted, etc., to unlicensed providers

A. No provider shall establish, conduct, maintain, or operate or continue to operate in the Commonwealth any service, without being licensed under this article, except where the provider is exempt from licensing. B. No license issued under this article shall be assignable or transferable. C. No person shall be admitted, placed, treated, maintained, housed, or otherwise kept, voluntarily or involuntarily, by any provider required to be licensed by subsection A, unless and until the provider is licensed by the Commissioner. 1971, Ex. Sess., c. 181, § 37.1-183.1; 1976, c. 671; 1977, c. 346; 1980, c. 582; 2001, cc. 486 , 506 ; 2005, c. 716 .

Va. Code Ann. § 37.2-405.1 Certain provider information on website

The Department of Behavioral Health and Developmental Services shall list licensed providers included on the website of the Department's Office of Licensing by the assumed or fictitious name under which the provider is doing business in the Commonwealth. Within the file of that record following the name under which the provider does business in the Commonwealth, the record shall also include any other Virginia corporate name of the provider, if different from the assumed or fictitious name under which the provider is doing business. 2013, c. 451 .

Va. Code Ann. § 37.2-405.2 Certain information required of applicants to operate a licensed service

A. Every applicant for licensure to establish, conduct, maintain, or operate or continue to operate a licensed service in the Commonwealth shall submit, together with an application for licensure: 1. A working budget showing projected revenue and expenses for the first year of operation, including a revenue plan; 2. Documentation of working capital to include (i) documentation of funds or a line of credit in the name of the applicant or owner sufficient to cover at least 90 days of operating expenses if the provider is a corporation, an unincorporated organization or association, a sole proprietor, or a partnership or (ii) appropriated revenue if the provider is a state or local government agency, board, or commission; 3. Documentation of authority to conduct business in the Commonwealth; 4. A statement of (i) the legal name of the applicant and, if the applicant is an association, partnership, limited liability company, or corporation, the names and addresses of its officers, agents, sponsors, partners, shareholders, or members and (ii) the legal name under which the applicant, any entity that operates group homes that is affiliated with or under common ownership or control with the applicant, and any entity that operates group homes and that is affiliated with or under common ownership or control with any officer, agent, sponsor, partner, shareholder or member of the applicant to which a license to operate a service has been issued in any other state, together with a list of the states in which such licenses have been issued and the dates for which such licenses were issued; 5. A statement of any previous revocation, suspensions, or sanction comparable to those set forth in § 37.2-419 against any license to operate a service issued to the applicant or any entity affiliated with the applicant in any other state, including the dates and descriptions of such disciplinary actions or sanctions; 6. A description of the specific services to be offered by the applicant including such elements as may be specified by the Department in regulations; 7. A staffing plan, including information regarding employee credentials and job descriptions, containing such elements as may be specified by the Department in regulations; 8. Operating policies that contain such elements as may be specified by the Department in regulations; and 9. Any additional documentation as may be required by the Department. B. The Commissioner may refuse to grant a license to any application who fails or refuses to provide any information required to be submitted pursuant to subsection A. 2020, c. 723 .

Va. Code Ann. § 37.2-405.3 Regulations for providers; emergency medical simulations; cardiopulmonary resuscitation

The Board shall adopt regulations requiring providers that deliver services to individuals with developmental disabilities, mental health disorders, and substance use disorders to: 1. Conduct regular emergency medical simulations and train employees that regularly engage with people receiving services. Such emergency medical simulations and training shall prepare employees of the provider to recognize and respond to situations where individuals receiving services require emergency medical treatment. 2. Require at least one employee trained in cardiopulmonary resuscitation to be on duty at each location where services are delivered. Employees who hold a current certificate as an emergency medical technician shall be deemed to meet training requirements. 2026, c. 836 .

Va. Code Ann. § 37.2-406 Conditions for initial licensure of certain providers

A. No provider shall be required to conduct, maintain, or operate services for the treatment of persons with opiate addiction through the use of (i) methadone or (ii) opioid replacements other than opioid replacements approved for the treatment of opioid addiction by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration on Sunday, except when such service is provided by a hospital licensed by the Board of Health or the Commissioner or is owned or operated by an agency of the Commonwealth, subject to regulations or guidelines issued by the Department consistent with the health, safety and welfare of individuals receiving services and the security of take-home doses of (a) methadone or (b) opioid replacements other than opioid replacements approved for the treatment of opioid addiction by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration. B. Upon receiving notice of a proposal for or an application to obtain an initial license from a provider of treatment for persons with opiate addiction through the use of (i) methadone or (ii) opioid replacements other than opioid replacements approved for the treatment of opioid addiction by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration, the Commissioner shall, within 15 days of the receipt, notify the local governing body of and the community services board serving the jurisdiction in which the facility is to be located of the proposal or application and the facility's proposed location. Within 30 days of the date of the notice, the local governing body and community services board shall submit to the Commissioner comments on the proposal or application. The local governing body shall notify the Commissioner within 30 days of the date of the notice concerning the compliance of the applicant with any applicable local ordinances. C. No license shall be issued by the Commissioner to the provider until the conditions of this section, including those related to receipt of comments provided by the local governing body and community services board and determination of compliance with local ordinances by the local governing body, have been met. 2004, cc. 823 , 845 , § 37 .1-179.2; 2005, c. 716 ; 2007, c. 513 ; 2012, cc. 476 , 507 ; 2014, cc. 173 , 415 ; 2016, c. 480 ; 2018, cc. 187 , 816 ; 2022, cc. 512 , 513 .

Va. Code Ann. § 37.2-407 Regulations for treatment of pregnant women with substance abuse

The Board shall adopt regulations that ensure that providers licensed to offer substance abuse services develop policies and procedures for the timely and appropriate treatment of pregnant women with substance abuse. 1992, c. 428, § 37.1-182.1; 2001, cc. 486 , 506 ; 2005, c. 716 .

Va. Code Ann. § 37.2-408 Regulation of services delivered in group homes and residential facilities for children

A. The Department shall assist and cooperate with other state departments in fulfilling their respective licensing and certification responsibilities. The Board shall adopt regulations that shall allow the Department to so assist and cooperate with other state departments. The Board may adopt regulations to enhance cooperation and assistance among agencies licensing similar programs. B. The Board's regulations shall establish the Department as the single licensing agency, with the exception of educational programs licensed by the Department of Education, for group homes or residential facilities providing mental health, developmental, brain injury, or substance abuse services other than facilities operated or regulated by the Department of Juvenile Justice. Such regulations shall address the services required to be provided in group homes and residential facilities for children as it may deem appropriate to ensure the health and safety of the children. In addition, the Board's regulations shall include, but shall not be limited to (i) specifications for the structure and accommodations of such homes and facilities according to the needs of the children to be placed; (ii) rules concerning allowable activities, local government- and home- or facility-imposed curfews, and study, recreational, and bedtime hours; and (iii) a requirement that each facility have a community liaison who shall be responsible for facilitating cooperative relationships with the neighbors, the school system, local law enforcement, local government officials, and the community at large. C. Pursuant to the procedures set forth in subsection D, the Commissioner may issue a summary order of suspension of the license of a group home or residential facility for children licensed pursuant to the Board's regulations under subsection A, in conjunction with any proceeding for revocation, denial, or other action, when conditions or practices exist in the home or facility that pose an immediate and substantial threat to the health, safety, and welfare of the children who are residents and the Commissioner believes the operation should be suspended during the pendency of such proceeding. D. The summary order of suspension shall take effect upon its issuance and shall be served on the licensee or its designee as soon as practicable thereafter by personal service and certified mail, return receipt requested, to the address of record of the licensee. The order shall state the time, date, and location of a hearing to determine whether the suspension is appropriate. Such hearing shall be held no later than three business days after the issuance of the summary order of suspension and shall be convened by the Commissioner or his designee. After such hearing, the Commissioner may issue a final order of summary suspension or may find that such summary suspension is not warranted by the facts and circumstances presented. A final order of summary suspension shall include notice that the licensee may appeal the Commissioner's decision to the appropriate circuit court no later than 10 days following issuance of the order. The sole issue before the court shall be whether the Department had reasonable grounds to require the licensee to cease operations during the pendency of the concurrent revocation, denial, or other proceeding. The concurrent revocation, denial, or other proceeding shall not be affected by the outcome of any hearing on the appropriateness of the summary suspension. The willful and material failure to comply with the summary order of suspension or final order of summary suspension shall be punishable as a Class 2 misdemeanor. The Commissioner may require the cooperation of any other agency or subdivision of the Commonwealth in the relocation of children who are residents of a home or facility whose license has been summarily suspended pursuant to this section and in any other actions necessary to reduce the risk of further harm to children. E. In addition to the requirements set forth above, the Board's regulations shall require, as a condition of initial licensure or, if appropriate, license renewal, that the applicant shall: (i) be personally interviewed by Department personnel to determine the qualifications of the owner or operator before granting an initial license; (ii) provide evidence of having relevant prior experience before any initial license is granted; (iii) provide, as a condition of initial license or renewal licensure, evidence of staff participation in training on appropriate siting of the residential facilities for children, good neighbor policies, and community relations; and (iv) be required to screen children prior to admission to exclude children with behavioral issues, such as histories of violence, that cannot be managed in the relevant residential facility. F. In addition, the Department shall: 1. Notify relevant local governments and placing and funding agencies, including the Office of Children's Services, of multiple health and safety or human rights violations in residential facilities for which the Department serves as lead licensure agency when such violations result in the lowering of the licensure status of the facility to provisional; 2. Post on the Department's website information concerning the application for initial licensure of or renewal, denial, or provisional licensure of any residential facility for children located in the locality; 3. Require all licensees to self-report lawsuits against or settlements with residential facility operators relating to the health and safety or human rights of residents and any criminal charges that may have been made relating to the health and safety or human rights of children receiving services; 4. Require proof of contractual agreements or staff expertise to provide educational services, counseling services, psychological services, medical services, or any other services needed to serve the children receiving services in accordance with the facility's operational plan; 5. Modify the term of the license at any time during the term of the license based on a change in compliance; and 6. Disseminate to local governments, or post on the Department's website, an accurate (updated weekly or monthly as necessary) list of licensed and operating group homes and other residential facilities for children by locality with information on services and identification of the lead licensure agency. 1990, c. 311, § 37.1-189.1; 2005, cc. 358 , 363 , 471 , 485 , 716 ; 2006, c. 781 ; 2008, c. 873 ; 2012, cc. 476 , 507 ; 2015, c. 366 .

Va. Code Ann. § 37.2-408.1 Background check required; children's residential facilities

A. Notwithstanding the provisions of § 37.2-416 , as a condition of employment, volunteering or providing services on a regular basis, every children's residential facility that is regulated or operated by the Department shall require any person who (i) accepts a position of employment at such a facility, (ii) is currently employed by such a facility, (iii) volunteers for such a facility, or (iv) provides contractual services directly to a juvenile for such a facility to submit to fingerprinting and to provide personal descriptive information, to be forwarded along with the person's fingerprints through the Central Criminal Records Exchange to the Federal Bureau of Investigation for the purpose of obtaining criminal history record information regarding the person. The children's residential facility shall inform the person that he is entitled to obtain a copy of any background check report and to challenge the accuracy and completeness of any such report and obtain a prompt resolution before a final determination is made of the person's eligibility to have responsibility for the safety and well-being of children. The person shall provide the children's residential facility with a written statement or affirmation disclosing whether he has ever been convicted of or is the subject of pending charges for any offense within or outside the Commonwealth. The Central Criminal Records Exchange, upon receipt of a person's record or notification that no record exists, shall forward it to the state agency that operates or regulates the children's residential facility with which the person is affiliated. The state agency shall, upon receipt of a person's record lacking disposition data, conduct research in whatever state and local recordkeeping systems are available in order to obtain complete data. The state agency shall report to the children's facility whether the person is eligible to have responsibility for the safety and well-being of children. Except as otherwise provided in subsection B, no children's residential facility regulated or operated by the Department shall hire for compensated employment or allow to volunteer or provide contractual services persons who have been convicted of or are the subject of pending charges for (a) any offense set forth in clause (i), (ii), (iii), or (v) of the definition of barrier crime in § 19.2-392.02 or (b) any offense set forth in clause (iv) of the definition of barrier crime in § 19.2-392.02 (1) in the five years prior to the application date for employment, to be a volunteer, or to provide contractual services or (2) such person continues on probation or parole or has failed to pay required court costs for such offense set forth in clause (iv) of the definition of barrier crime in § 19.2-392.02 . The provisions of this section also shall apply to structured residential programs, excluding secure detention facilities, established pursuant to § 16.1-309.3 for juvenile offenders cited in a complaint for intake or in a petition before the court that alleges the juvenile is delinquent or in need of services or supervision. B. Notwithstanding the provisions of subsection A, a children's residential facility may hire for compensated employment or for volunteer or contractual service purposes persons who have been convicted of not more than one misdemeanor offense under § 18.2-57 or 18.2-57.2 , or any substantially similar offense under the laws of another jurisdiction, if 10 years have elapsed following the conviction, unless the person committed such offense in the scope of his employment, volunteer, or contractual services. If the person is denied employment, or the opportunity to volunteer or provide services, at a children's residential facility because of information appearing on his criminal history record, and the person disputes the information upon which the denial was based, upon written request of the person the state agency shall furnish the person the procedures for obtaining his criminal history record from the Federal Bureau of Investigation. The information provided to the children's residential facility shall not be disseminated except as provided in this section. C. Those persons listed in clauses (i) through (iv) of subsection A also shall authorize the children's residential facility to obtain a copy of information from the central registry maintained pursuant to § 63.2-1515 on any investigation of child abuse or neglect undertaken on him. The person shall provide the children's residential facility with a written statement or affirmation disclosing whether he has ever been the subject of a founded case of child abuse or neglect within or outside the Commonwealth. Children's residential facilities regulated or operated by the Department shall not hire for compensated employment, or allow to volunteer or provide contractual services, persons who have a founded case of child abuse or neglect. D. No person shall be allowed to work, volunteer, or provide services at a children's residential facility unless (i) all components of the background check required pursuant to this section have been received by the children's residential facility and (ii) the person is eligible to have responsibility for the safety and well-being of children in accordance with subsections A and C. E. Notwithstanding any provisions of this section to the contrary, a children's residential facility may employ a person specified in subsection A pending the results of the check of the central registry maintained by the Department pursuant to § 63.2-1515 required by this section, provided that (i) the person has received qualifying results on the fingerprint-based criminal history background check, (ii) the person does not work in the children's residential facility or any other location where children placed in such facility are present, and (iii) such employment is permitted under 42 U.S.C. § 671 and regulations promulgated pursuant thereto. F. The cost of obtaining the criminal history record and the central registry information shall be borne by the person unless the children's residential facility, at its option, decides to pay the cost. 2008, c. 873 ; 2012, cc. 383 , 476 , 507 ; 2016, c. 580 ; 2017, c. 809 ; 2019, cc. 100 , 282 ; 2022, c. 729 .

Va. Code Ann. § 37.2-409 Intermediate care facilities for individuals with intellectual disability

The Board may adopt regulations specifying the maximum number of individuals to be served by any intermediate care facility for individuals with intellectual disability (ICF/IID). 2001, cc. 486 , 506 , § 37.1-189.2; 2005, c. 716 ; 2012, cc. 476 , 507 ; 2017, c. 458 .

Va. Code Ann. § 37.2-410 Expiration of license; renewal; license fees

Full licenses granted under this article may be issued for a period of one year or three successive years from the date of issuance and may be renewed by the Commissioner. The Commissioner shall issue a triennial license to a provider that has demonstrated full compliance with all applicable regulations of the Board related to health and safety of individuals receiving services during the previous licensing period and has demonstrated consistent compliance with all regulations of the Board during the previous 12-month period and the provider has taken steps satisfactory to the Department to prevent future violations and maintain full compliance with all applicable regulations during the three-year period. The Board may fix a reasonable fee for each license so issued and for any renewal thereof. All funds received by the Department under this article shall be paid into the general fund in the state treasury. Code 1950, § 37-256; 1968, c. 477, § 37.1-181; 1976, c. 671; 1980, c. 582; 1983, c. 67; 1992, c. 666; 2001, cc. 486 , 506 ; 2005, c. 716 ; 2014, c. 497 .

Va. Code Ann. § 37.2-411 Inspections

All services provided or delivered under any license shall be subject to review or inspection at any reasonable time by any authorized inspector or agent of the Department. The Commissioner or his authorized agents shall inspect all licensed providers and shall have access at all reasonable times to all services and records, including medical records. Records that are confidential under federal or state law shall be maintained as confidential by the Department and shall not be further disclosed except as permitted by law; however, there shall be no right of access to communications that are privileged pursuant to § 8.01-581.17 . The Commissioner shall call upon other state or local departments to assist in the inspections and those departments shall render an inspection report to the Commissioner. After receipt of all inspection reports, the Commissioner shall make the final determination with respect to the condition of the service so reviewed or inspected. The Commissioner or his authorized agents shall make at least one annual unannounced inspection of each service offered by each licensed provider. Inspections shall be focused on preventing specific risks to individuals receiving services, including an evaluation of the physical facilities in which the services are provided. In addition, the Commissioner shall promptly investigate all complaints. The Board may adopt and the Commissioner shall enforce reasonable regulations that may be necessary or proper to carry out the general purposes of this article. Code 1950, § 37-257; 1968, c. 477, § 37.1-182; 1980, c. 582; 1992, c. 666; 2001, cc. 486 , 506 ; 2005, c. 716 ; 2012, cc. 476 , 507 .

Va. Code Ann. § 37.2-412 Human rights review

Licensing pursuant to this article shall be contingent upon substantial compliance with § 37.2-400 and acceptable implementation of the human rights regulations adopted pursuant thereto, as determined by periodic human rights reviews performed by the Department. Such reviews shall be conducted as part of the Department's licensing reviews or, at the Department's discretion, whenever human rights issues arise. 1999, c. 969 , § 37.1-182.3; 2001, cc. 486 , 506 ; 2005, c. 716 .

Va. Code Ann. § 37.2-413 Necessity for supervision by licensed provider

No person shall maintain or operate any service unless such service is under the direct supervision of a provider licensed under this article. Code 1950, § 37-258; 1950, p. 936; 1968, c. 477, § 37.1-184; 1976, c. 671; 1979, c. 54; 2001, cc. 486 , 506 ; 2005, c. 716 .

Va. Code Ann. § 37.2-414 Cure by mental or spiritual means without use of drugs or material remedy

Nothing contained in this article shall be construed to authorize or require a license of a provider to establish, maintain and operate, or have charge of any service for the care and treatment of persons by the practice of the religious tenets of any church in the ministration to the sick and suffering by mental or spiritual means without the use of any drug or material remedy, whether gratuitously or for compensation, provided the statutes and regulations on sanitation and safety are complied with. Code 1950, § 37-259; 1960, c. 496; 1968, c. 477, § 37.1-188; 1976, c. 671; 2001, cc. 486 , 506 ; 2005, c. 716 .

Va. Code Ann. § 37.2-415 Provisional and conditional licenses

The Commissioner may issue a provisional license at any time to a provider that has previously been fully licensed when the provider is temporarily unable to comply with all licensing standards. The maximum term of a provisional license shall be six months. A provisional license may be renewed for a period not to exceed six months if the provider is not able to demonstrate compliance with all licensing regulations but demonstrates progress towards compliance. However, in no case shall the total period of provisional licensure exceed 12 successive months. A provisional license shall be prominently displayed by the provider in a format determined by the Commissioner at the site of the affected service and shall indicate thereon the violations of licensing standards to be corrected and the expiration date of the license. The Department shall direct any provider who is issued a provisional license to review all pertinent state and federal regulations and other contractual agents with payor sources to determine any limitations that may be placed on such provider by any other agency of the Commonwealth, including restrictions on reimbursement that may be imposed by the Department of Medical Assistance Services. Whenever the Commissioner issues a provisional license, the provisions of the Administrative Process Act (§ 2.2-4000 et seq.) shall apply. Any person aggrieved by the final decision of the Commissioner to issue a provisional license shall be entitled to judicial review of such decision in accordance with the provisions of the Administrative Process Act (§ 2.2-4000 et seq.). If the provider waives his right to appeal by signing a consent agreement, the consent agreement shall direct the provider to review all pertinent state and federal regulations and contractual agents to determine any restrictions on reimbursement that may be imposed by other state agencies or payor sources, and the Commissioner shall provide a copy of the consent agreement to the Department of Medical Assistance Services. The Commissioner may issue a conditional license to a provider to operate a new service in order to permit the provider to demonstrate compliance with all licensing standards. The maximum term of a conditional license shall be six months. A conditional license may be renewed, but in no case, whether renewed or not, shall the total period of conditional licensing be longer than 12 successive months. 1980, c. 582, § 37.1-183.2; 1990, c. 311; 2001, cc. 486 , 506 ; 2005, c. 716 ; 2014, c. 497 ; 2023, c. 781 .

Va. Code Ann. § 37.2-416 Background checks required; services for children and developmental services

A. As used in this section: "Direct care position" means any position that includes responsibility for (i) treatment, case management, health, safety, development, or well-being of an individual younger than 18 years of age in any program providing mental health or substance abuse services; (ii) treatment, case management, health, safety, development, or well-being of an individual in any program providing developmental services; or (iii) immediately supervising a person in a position described in this definition. "Hire for compensated employment" includes (i) a promotion or transfer from an adult substance abuse treatment position to any direct care position within the same licensee licensed pursuant to this article or (ii) new employment in any direct care position in another office or program of the same licensee licensed pursuant to this article for which the person has previously worked in an adult substance abuse treatment position. "Provider" means a provider who is licensed pursuant to this article and who provides (i) mental health or substance abuse services to individuals who are younger than 18 years of age or (ii) developmental services to any individual regardless of age. "Shared living" means an arrangement in which the Commonwealth's program of medical assistance pays a portion of a person's rent, utilities, and food expenses in return for the person residing with and providing companionship, support, and other limited, basic assistance to a person with developmental disabilities receiving medical assistance services in accordance with a waiver for whom he has no legal responsibility. B. Every provider shall require (i) any applicant who accepts employment in any direct care position, (ii) any applicant for approval as a sponsored residential service provider, (iii) any adult living in the home of an applicant for approval as a sponsored residential service provider, (iv) any person employed by a sponsored residential service provider to provide services in the home, (v) any person who enters into a shared living arrangement with a person receiving medical assistance services pursuant to a waiver, and (vi) any person under contract with the provider to serve in a direct care position to submit to fingerprinting and provide personal descriptive information to be forwarded through the Central Criminal Records Exchange to the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) for the purpose of obtaining national criminal history record information regarding the applicant. Except as otherwise provided in subsection C, no provider shall: 1. Hire for compensated employment any person who has been convicted of (i) any offense set forth in clause (i), (ii), or (iii) of the definition of barrier crime in § 19.2-392.02 or (ii) any offense set forth in clause (iv) of the definition of barrier crime in § 19.2-392.02 (a) in the five years prior to the application date for employment or (b) if such person continues on probation or parole or has failed to pay required court costs for such offense set forth in clause (iv) of the definition of barrier crime in § 19.2-392.02 ; 2. Approve an applicant as a sponsored residential service provider if the applicant, any adult residing in the home of the applicant, or any person employed by the applicant has been convicted of (i) any offense set forth in clause (i), (ii), or (iii) of the definition of barrier crime in § 19.2-392.02 or (ii) any offense set forth in clause (iv) of the definition of barrier crime in § 19.2-392.02 (a) in the five years prior to the application date to be a sponsored residential service provider or (b) if such applicant continues on probation or parole or has failed to pay required court costs for such offense set forth in clause (iv) of the definition of barrier crime in § 19.2-392.02 ; 3. Permit to enter into a shared living arrangement with a person receiving medical assistance services pursuant to a waiver any person who has been convicted of (i) any offense set forth in clause (i), (ii), or (iii) of the definition of barrier crime in § 19.2-392.02 or (ii) any offense set forth in clause (iv) of the definition of barrier crime in § 19.2-392.02 (a) in the five years prior to entering into a shared living arrangement or (b) if such person continues on probation or parole or has failed to pay required court costs for such offense set forth in clause (iv) of the definition of barrier crime in § 19.2-392.02 ; or 4. Allow any person under contract with the provider to serve in a direct care position who has been convicted of (i) any offense set forth in clause (i), (ii), or (iii) of the definition of barrier crime in § 19.2-392.02 or (ii) any offense set forth in clause (iv) of the definition of barrier crime in § 19.2-392.02 (a) in the five years prior to the application date for employment or (b) if such person continues on probation or parole or has failed to pay required court costs for such offense set forth in clause (iv) of the definition of barrier crime in § 19.2-392.02 . The Central Criminal Records Exchange, upon receipt of an applicant's record or notification that no record exists, shall submit a report to the requesting authorized officer or director of a provider. If any applicant is denied employment because of information appearing on the criminal history record and the applicant disputes the information upon which the denial was based, the Central Criminal Records Exchange shall, upon written request, furnish to the applicant the procedures for obtaining a copy of the criminal history record from the FBI. The information provided to the authorized officer or director of a provider shall not be disseminated except as provided in this section. C. Notwithstanding the provisions of subsection B, a provider may (i) hire for compensated employment, (ii) approve as a sponsored residential service provider, (iii) permit to enter into a shared living arrangement, or (iv) permit any person under contract with the provider to serve in a direct care position on behalf of the provider or permit any person employed by a temporary agency that has entered into a contract with the provider to provide direct care services on behalf of the provider persons who have been convicted of not more than one misdemeanor offense under § 18.2-57 or 18.2-57.2 , or any substantially similar offense under the laws of another jurisdiction, if 10 years have elapsed following the conviction, unless the person committed the offense while employed in a direct care position. A provider may also approve a person as a sponsored residential service provider if (a) any adult living in the home of an applicant or (b) any person employed by the applicant to provide services in the home in which sponsored residential services are provided has been convicted of not more than one misdemeanor offense under § 18.2-57 or 18.2-57.2 , or any substantially similar offense under the laws of another jurisdiction, if 10 years have elapsed following the conviction, unless the person committed the offense while employed in a direct care position. D. Every provider shall require, as a condition of employment, approval as a sponsored residential service provider, permission to enter into a shared living arrangement with a person receiving medical assistance services pursuant to a waiver, or permission for any person under contract with the provider to serve in a direct care position, written consent and personal information necessary to obtain a search of the registry of founded complaints of child abuse and neglect that is maintained by the Department of Social Services pursuant to § 63.2-1515 . E. The cost of obtaining the criminal history record and search of the child abuse and neglect registry record shall be borne by the applicant, unless the provider decides to pay the cost. F. A person who complies in good faith with the provisions of this section shall not be liable for any civil damages for any act or omission in the performance of duties under this section unless the act or omission was the result of gross negligence or willful misconduct. G. Notwithstanding any other provision of law, a provider that provides services to individuals receiving services under the state plan for medical assistance services or any waiver thereto may disclose to the Department of Medical Assistance Services (i) whether a criminal history background check has been completed for a person described in subsection B for whom a criminal history background check is required and (ii) whether the person described in subsection B is eligible for employment, to provide sponsored residential services, to provide services in the home of a sponsored residential service provider, or to enter into a shared living arrangement with a person receiving medical assistance services pursuant to a waiver. H. Any person employed by a temporary agency that has entered into a contract with a provider and who will serve in a direct care position on behalf of such provider shall undergo a background check that shall include: 1. A criminal history records check through the Central Criminal Records Exchange pursuant to § 19.2-389 ; and 2. A search of the central registry maintained pursuant to § 63.2-1515 for any founded complaint of child abuse and neglect. Except as otherwise provided in subsection C, no provider shall permit any person employed by a temporary agency that has entered into a contract with the provider to provide direct care services on behalf of the provider if that person has been convicted of (i) any offense set forth in clause (i), (ii), or (iii) of the definition of barrier crime in § 19.2-392.02 or (ii) any offense set forth in clause (iv) of the definition of barrier crime in § 19.2-392.02 (a) in the five years prior to the application date for employment or (b) if such person continues on probation or parole or has failed to pay required court costs for such offense set forth in clause (iv) of the definition of barrier crime in § 19.2-392.02 . 1999, c. 685 , § 37 .1-183.3; 2001, cc. 486 , 506 , 784 ; 2002, c. 712 ; 2003, c. 468 ; 2005, c. 716 ; 2008, cc. 383 , 407 ; 2011, c. 657 ; 2012, cc. 476 , 507 ; 2016, c. 574 ; 2017, cc. 458 , 775 , 809 ; 2018, c. 569 ; 2019, c. 89 ; 2020, c. 1092 ; 2021, Sp. Sess. I, cc. 188 , 475 ; 2023, cc. 138 , 139 , 236 .

Va. Code Ann. § 37.2-416.1 Background checks required; adult substance abuse and mental health services

A. As used in this section: "Direct care position" means any position that includes responsibility for (i) treatment, case management, health, safety, development, or well-being of an adult receiving substance abuse or mental health services or (ii) immediately supervising a person in a position described in this definition. "Hire for compensated employment" does not include (i) a promotion from one adult substance abuse or adult mental health treatment position to another such position within the same licensee licensed pursuant to this article or (ii) new employment in an adult substance abuse or adult mental health treatment position in another office or program licensed pursuant to this article if the person employed prior to July 1, 1999, in a licensed program had no convictions in the five years prior to the application date for employment. "Hire for compensated employment" includes (a) a promotion or transfer from an adult substance abuse treatment position to any mental health or developmental services direct care position within the same licensee licensed pursuant to this article or (b) new employment in any mental health or developmental services direct care position in another office or program of the same licensee licensed pursuant to this article for which the person has previously worked in an adult substance abuse treatment position. "Peer recovery specialist" means any person who has completed a peer recovery specialist training course approved by the Department of Behavioral Health and Developmental Services. "Provider" means a provider who is licensed pursuant to this article and who provides substance abuse or mental health services to adults. B. Every provider shall require (i) any applicant who accepts employment in any direct care position and (ii) any person under contract with the provider to serve in a direct care position to submit to fingerprinting and provide personal descriptive information to be forwarded through the Central Criminal Records Exchange to the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) for the purpose of obtaining national criminal history record information regarding the applicant. Except as otherwise provided in subsection C, D, E, or G, no provider shall: 1. Hire for compensated employment any person who has been convicted of (i) any offense set forth in clause (i), (ii), or (iii) of the definition of barrier crime in § 19.2-392.02 or (ii) any offense set forth in clause (iv) of the definition of barrier crime in § 19.2-392.02 (a) in the five years prior to the application date for employment or (b) if such person continues on probation or parole or has failed to pay required court costs for such offense set forth in clause (iv) of the definition of barrier crime in § 19.2-392.02 ; or 2. Allow any person under contract with the provider to serve in a direct care position who has been convicted of (i) any offense set forth in clause (i), (ii), or (iii) of the definition of barrier crime in § 19.2-392.02 or (ii) any offense set forth in clause (iv) of the definition of barrier crime in § 19.2-392.02 (a) in the five years prior to the application date for employment or (b) if such person continues on probation or parole or has failed to pay required court costs for such offense set forth in clause (iv) of the definition of barrier crime in § 19.2-392.02 . The Central Criminal Records Exchange, upon receipt of an applicant's record or notification that no record exists, shall submit a report to the requesting authorized officer or director of a provider. If any applicant is denied employment because of information appearing on the criminal history record and the applicant disputes the information upon which the denial was based, the Central Criminal Records Exchange shall, upon written request, furnish to the applicant the procedures for obtaining a copy of the criminal history record from the FBI. The information provided to the authorized officer or director of a provider shall not be disseminated except as provided in this section. C. Notwithstanding the provisions of subsection B, a provider may hire for compensated employment or permit any person under contract with the provider to serve in a direct care position or permit any person employed by a temporary agency that has entered into a contract with the provider to provide direct care services on behalf of the provider at an adult substance abuse or mental health treatment program a person who was convicted of any misdemeanor violation of § 18.2-57 or any violation of § 18.2-248 , 18.2-250 , or 18.2-258.1 , except an offense pursuant to subsection H1 or H2 of § 18.2-248 , provided that such conviction occurred more than four years prior to the application date for employment. D. Notwithstanding the provisions of subsection B, a provider may hire for compensated employment or permit any person under contract with the provider to serve in a direct care position or permit any person employed by a temporary agency that has entered into a contract with the provider to provide direct care services on behalf of the provider at adult substance abuse or adult mental health treatment programs a person who was convicted of any violation of § 18.2-51.3 ; any misdemeanor violation of § 18.2-56 or 18.2-56.1 ; any first offense misdemeanor violation of § 18.2-57.2 ; any violation of § 18.2-60 , 18.2-89 , 18.2-92 , or 18.2-94 ; any misdemeanor violation of § 18.2-282 , 18.2-346 , or 18.2-346.01 ; any offense set forth in clause (iii) of the definition of barrier crime in § 19.2-392.02 , except an offense pursuant to subsections H1 and H2 of § 18.2-248 ; or any substantially similar offense under the laws of another jurisdiction, if the hiring provider determines, based upon a screening assessment, that the criminal behavior was substantially related to the applicant's substance abuse or mental illness and that the person has been successfully rehabilitated and is not a risk to individuals receiving services based on his criminal history background and his substance abuse or mental illness history. In addition, where the employment at an adult substance abuse treatment program is as a peer recovery specialist, the provider may hire any person eligible under this subsection or who was convicted of any offense set forth in clause (iv) of the definition of barrier crime in § 19.2-392.02 if the hiring provider determines, based upon a screening assessment, that the criminal behavior was substantially related to the person's substance abuse or mental illness and that the person has been successfully rehabilitated and is not a risk to individuals receiving services based on his criminal history background and his substance abuse or mental illness history. E. Notwithstanding the provisions of subsection B, a provider may hire for compensated employment or permit any person under contract with the provider to serve in a direct care position or permit any person employed by a temporary agency that has entered into a contract with the provider to provide direct care services on behalf of the provider at adult substance abuse treatment facilities a person who has been convicted of not more than one offense under subsection C of § 18.2-57 , or any substantially similar offense under the laws of another jurisdiction, if (i) the person has been granted a simple pardon if the offense was a felony committed in Virginia, or the equivalent if the person was convicted under the laws of another jurisdiction; (ii) more than 10 years have elapsed since the conviction; and (iii) the hiring provider determines, based upon a screening assessment, that the criminal behavior was substantially related to the applicant's substance abuse and that the person has been successfully rehabilitated and is not a risk to individuals receiving services based on his criminal history background and his substance abuse history. F. The hiring provider and a screening contractor designated by the Department shall screen applicants who meet the criteria set forth in subsections D and E to assess whether the applicants have been rehabilitated successfully and are not a risk to individuals receiving services based on their criminal history backgrounds and substance abuse or mental illness histories. To be eligible for such screening, the applicant: 1. Shall have completed all prison or jail terms, shall not be under probation or parole supervision, shall have no pending charges in any locality, shall have paid all fines, restitution, and court costs for any prior convictions, and shall have been free of parole or probation for at least five years for all convictions; or 2. If the applicant is a peer recovery specialist, shall have completed all prison or jail terms, shall not be under probation or parole supervision, shall have no pending charges in any locality, and shall have been free of parole or probation for at least five years for all convictions. In addition to any supplementary information the provider or screening contractor may require or the applicant may wish to present, the applicant shall provide to the screening contractor a statement from his most recent probation or parole officer, if any, outlining his period of supervision and a copy of any pre-sentencing or post-sentencing report in connection with the felony conviction. The cost of this screening shall be paid by the applicant, unless the licensed provider decides to pay the cost. G. Notwithstanding the provisions of subsection B, a provider may (i) hire for compensated employment, (ii) approve as a sponsored residential service provider, (iii) permit to enter into a shared living arrangement, or (iv) permit any person under contract with the provider to serve in a direct care position on behalf of the provider or permit any person employed by a temporary agency that has entered into a contract with the provider to provide direct care services on behalf of the provider persons who have been convicted of not more than one misdemeanor offense under § 18.2-57.2 , or any substantially similar offense under the laws of another jurisdiction, if 10 years have elapsed following the conviction, unless the person committed the offense while employed in a direct care position. A provider may also approve a person as a sponsored residential service provider if (a) any adult living in the home of an applicant or (b) any person employed by the applicant to provide services in the home in which sponsored residential services are provided has been convicted of not more than one misdemeanor offense under § 18.2-57.2 , or any substantially similar offense under the laws of another jurisdiction, if 10 years have elapsed following the conviction, unless the person committed the offense while employed in a direct care position. H. Every provider shall require, as a condition of employment, approval as a sponsored residential service provider, permission to enter into a shared living arrangement with a person receiving medical assistance services pursuant to a waiver, or permission for any person under contract with the provider to serve in a direct care position, written consent and personal information necessary to obtain a search of the registry of founded complaints of child abuse and neglect that is maintained by the Department of Social Services pursuant to § 63.2-1515 . I. The cost of obtaining the criminal history record and search of the child abuse and neglect registry record shall be borne by the applicant, unless the provider decides to pay the cost. J. A person who complies in good faith with the provisions of this section shall not be liable for any civil damages for any act or omission in the performance of duties under this section unless the act or omission was the result of gross negligence or willful misconduct. K. Notwithstanding any other provision of law, a provider that provides services to individuals receiving services under the state plan for medical assistance services or any waiver thereto may disclose to the Department of Medical Assistance Services (i) whether a criminal history background check has been completed for a person described in subsection B for whom a criminal history background check is required and (ii) whether the person described in subsection B is eligible for employment, to provide sponsored residential services, to provide services in the home of a sponsored residential service provider, or to enter into a shared living arrangement with a person receiving medical assistance services pursuant to a waiver. L. Any person employed by a temporary agency that has entered into a contract with a provider and who will serve in a direct care position on behalf of such provider shall undergo a background check that shall include: 1. A criminal history records check through the Central Criminal Records Exchange pursuant to § 19.2-389 ; and 2. A search of the central registry maintained pursuant to § 63.2-1515 for any founded complaint of child abuse and neglect. Except as otherwise provided in subsection C, D, E, or G, no provider shall permit any person employed by a temporary agency that has entered into a contract with the provider to provide direct care services on behalf of the provider if that person has been convicted of (i) any offense set forth in clause (i), (ii), or (iii) of the definition of barrier crime in § 19.2-392.02 or (ii) any offense set forth in clause (iv) of the definition of barrier crime in § 19.2-392.02 (a) in the five years prior to the application date for employment or (b) if such person continues on probation or parole or has failed to pay required court costs for such offense set forth in clause (iv) of the definition of barrier crime in § 19.2-392.02 . 2023, c. 236 ; 2024, cc. 651 , 683 ; 2025, c. 380 .

Va. Code Ann. § 37.2-417 Proceeding to prevent unlawful operation of service

In case any service is being operated in violation of the provisions of this article or of any applicable regulations made under these provisions, the Commissioner, in addition to other remedies, may institute any appropriate action or proceedings against the provider to prevent the unlawful operation and to restrain, correct, or abate such violation or violations. Any action or proceeding shall be instituted in the circuit court of the county or city where the provider is located or conducts business, and the court shall have jurisdiction to enjoin the unlawful operation or the violation or violations. Code 1950, § 37-258.3; 1960, c. 496; 1968, c. 477, § 37.1-187; 1976, c. 671; 1980, c. 582; 2001, cc. 486 , 506 ; 2005, c. 716 .

Va. Code Ann. § 37.2-418 Revocation, suspension, or refusal of licenses; resumption of operation; summary suspension under certain circumstances; penalty

A. The Commissioner is authorized to revoke or suspend any license issued hereunder or refuse issuance of a license on any of the following grounds: (i) violation of any provision of this article or of any applicable regulation made pursuant to such provisions; (ii) permitting, aiding, or abetting the commission of an illegal act in services delivered by the provider; or (iii) conduct or practices detrimental to the welfare of any individual receiving services from the provider. B. Whenever the Commissioner revokes, suspends, or denies a license, the provisions of the Administrative Process Act (§ 2.2-4000 et seq.) shall apply. Any person aggrieved by the final decision of the Commissioner to refuse to issue a license or by his revocation or suspension of a license is entitled to judicial review in accordance with the provisions of the Administrative Process Act. C. If a license is revoked or refused as herein provided, a new application for license may be considered by the Commissioner when the conditions upon which the action was based have been corrected and satisfactory evidence of this fact has been furnished. In no event may an applicant reapply for a license after the Commissioner has refused or revoked a license until a period of six months from the effective date of that action has elapsed, unless the Commissioner in his sole discretion believes that there has been such a change in the conditions causing refusal of the prior application or revocation of the license as to justify considering the new application. When an appeal is taken by the applicant pursuant to this section, the six-month period shall be extended until a final decision has been rendered on appeal. A new license may then be granted after proper inspection has been made and all provisions of this article and applicable regulations made thereunder have been complied with and recommendations to that effect have been made to the Commissioner upon the basis of an inspection by any authorized inspector or agent of the Department. D. Suspension of a license shall in all cases be for an indefinite time and the suspension may be lifted and rights under the license fully or partially restored at such time as the Commissioner determines, based on an inspection, that the rights of the licensee appear to so require and the interests of the public will not be jeopardized by resumption of operation. E. Pursuant to the procedures set forth in subsection F and in addition to the authority provided in subsections A through D, the Commissioner may issue a summary order of suspension of the license of a group home or residential facility for children, in conjunction with any proceeding for revocation, denial, or other action, when conditions or practices exist in the home or facility that pose an immediate and substantial threat to the health, safety, and welfare of the children who are residents and the Commissioner believes the operation should be suspended during the pendency of such proceeding. F. The summary order of suspension shall take effect upon its issuance and shall be served on the licensee or its designee as soon as practicable thereafter by personal service and certified mail, return receipt requested, to the address of record of the licensee. The order shall state the time, date, and location of a hearing to determine whether the suspension is appropriate. Such hearing shall be held no later than three business days after the issuance of the summary order of suspension and shall be convened by the Commissioner or his designee. After such hearing, the Commissioner may issue a final order of summary suspension or may find that such summary suspension is not warranted by the facts and circumstances presented. A final order of summary suspension shall include notice that the licensee may appeal the Commissioner's decision to the appropriate circuit court no later than 10 days following issuance of the order. The sole issue before the court shall be whether the Commissioner had reasonable grounds to require the licensee to cease operations during the pendency of the concurrent revocation, denial, or other proceeding. The concurrent revocation, denial, or other proceeding shall not be affected by the outcome of any hearing on the appropriateness of the summary suspension. The willful and material failure to comply with the summary order of suspension or final order of summary suspension shall be punishable as a Class 2 misdemeanor. The Commissioner may require the cooperation of any other agency or subdivision of the Commonwealth in the relocation of children who are residents of a home or facility whose license has been summarily suspended pursuant to this section and in any other actions necessary to reduce the risk of further harm to children. G. The Commissioner shall inform other public agencies that provide funds to a provider, including the Departments of Social Services and Medical Assistance Services, when a provider's license is suspended, revoked, or denied in accordance with this section. Code 1950, §§ 37-258.1, 37-258.2; 1960, c. 496; 1968, c. 477, §§ 37.1-185, 37.1-186; 1976, c. 671; 1980, c. 582; 1984, c. 582; 1986, cc. 104, 615; 2001, cc. 486 , 506 ; 2005, cc. 363 , 485 , 716 ; 2006, c. 168 ; 2014, c. 497 .

Va. Code Ann. § 37.2-419 Human rights and licensing enforcement and sanctions; notice

A. As used in this section, "special order" means an administrative order issued to any party licensed or funded by the Department that has a stated duration of not more than 12 months and that may include a civil penalty that shall not exceed $500 per violation per day, prohibition of new admissions, or reduction of licensed capacity for violations of § 37.2-400 , the licensing or human rights regulations, or this article. B. Notwithstanding any other provision of law, following a proceeding as provided in § 2.2-4019 , the Commissioner may issue a special order for a violation of any of the provisions of § 37.2-400 or any regulation adopted under any provision of § 37.2-400 or of this article that adversely affects the human rights of individuals receiving services or poses an imminent and substantial threat to the health, safety, or welfare of individuals receiving services. The issuance of a special order shall be considered a case decision as defined in § 2.2-4001 . The Commissioner shall not delegate his authority to impose civil penalties in conjunction with the issuance of special orders. The Commissioner may take the following actions to sanction public and private providers licensed or funded by the Department for noncompliance with § 37.2-400 , the human rights regulations, or this article that are the subject of a special order: 1. Place any service of any such provider on probation upon finding that it is substantially out of compliance with the licensing or human rights regulations and that the health or safety of individuals receiving services is at risk. 2. Reduce licensed capacity or prohibit new admissions when he concludes that the provider cannot or will not make necessary corrections to achieve compliance with licensing or human rights regulations except by a temporary restriction of its scope of service. 3. Require that probationary status announcements and denial or revocation notices be of sufficient size and distinction and be posted in a prominent place at each public entrance of the affected service. 4. Mandate training for the provider's employees, with any costs to be borne by the provider, when he concludes that the lack of training has led directly to violations of licensing or human rights regulations. 5. Assess civil penalties of not more than $500 per violation per day upon finding that the licensed or funded provider is substantially out of compliance with the licensing or human rights regulations and that the health or safety of individuals receiving services is at risk. 6. Withhold funds from licensed or funded providers receiving public funds that are in violation of the licensing or human rights regulations upon finding that the licensed or funded provider is substantially out of compliance and that the health or safety of individuals receiving services is at risk. C. The Commissioner shall inform other public agencies that provide funds to a provider, including the Departments of Social Services and Medical Assistance Services, that a special order has been issued in accordance with this section. D. The Board shall adopt regulations to implement the provisions of this section. 1999, c. 969 , § 37.1-185.1; 2001, cc. 486 , 506 ; 2005, c. 716 ; 2012, cc. 476 , 507 ; 2014, c. 497 .

Va. Code Ann. § 37.2-419.1 Summary suspension of adult facility licenses under certain circumstances; due process; penalty

A. Pursuant to the procedures set forth in subsection B and in addition to the authority for other disciplinary actions provided in this chapter, the Commissioner may issue a summary order of suspension of the license of any group home or residential facility for adults, in conjunction with any proceeding for revocation, denial, or other action, when conditions or practices exist in the home or facility that pose an immediate and substantial threat to the health, safety, and welfare of the adults who are residents and the Commissioner believes the operation of the home or facility should be suspended during the pendency of such proceeding. B. The summary order of suspension shall take effect upon its issuance and shall be served on the licensee or its designee as soon as practicable thereafter by personal service and certified mail, return receipt requested, to the address of record of the licensee. The order shall state the time, date, and location of a hearing to determine whether the suspension is appropriate. Such hearing shall be held no later than three business days after the issuance of the summary order of suspension and shall be convened by the Commissioner or his designee. After such hearing, the Commissioner may issue a final order of summary suspension or may find that such summary suspension is not warranted by the facts and circumstances presented. A final order of summary suspension shall include notice that the licensee may appeal the Commissioner's decision to the appropriate circuit court no later than 10 days following issuance of the order. The sole issue before the court shall be whether the Commissioner had reasonable grounds to require the licensee to cease operations during the pendency of the concurrent revocation, denial, or other proceeding. The concurrent revocation, denial, or other proceeding shall not be affected by the outcome of any hearing on the appropriateness of the summary suspension. The willful and material failure to comply with the summary order of suspension or final order of summary suspension shall be punishable as a Class 2 misdemeanor. The Commissioner may require the cooperation of any other agency or subdivision of the Commonwealth in the relocation of adults who are residents of a home or facility whose license has been summarily suspended pursuant to this section and in any other actions necessary to reduce the risk of further harm to such residents. 2006, c. 168 .

Va. Code Ann. § 37.2-420 Offer or payment of remuneration in exchange for referral prohibited

No provider licensed pursuant to this article shall knowingly and willfully offer or pay any remuneration directly or indirectly, in cash or in kind, to induce any practitioner of the healing arts or any clinical psychologist licensed under the provisions of Chapters 29 (§ 54.1-2900 et seq.) and 36 (§ 54.1-3600 et seq.) of Title 54.1 to refer a person or persons to any service of the provider. The term "remuneration" excludes any payments, business arrangements, or payment practices not prohibited by 42 U.S.C. § 1320a-7b(b), as amended, or any regulations adopted pursuant thereto. 1990, c. 379, § 37.1-186.1; 1996, cc. 937 , 980 ; 2001, cc. 486 , 506 ; 2005, c. 716 ; 2012, cc. 476 , 507 .

Va. Code Ann. § 37.2-421 Advertising by licensed providers

The Board shall adopt regulations governing advertising practices of any provider licensed pursuant to this article. The regulations shall require that any provider's advertisement not contain false or misleading information or false or misleading representations as to fees charged for services. 1990, c. 809, § 37.1-188.1; 2001, cc. 486 , 506 ; 2005, c. 716 .

Va. Code Ann. § 37.2-421.1 Supportive housing providers

A. The Department may enter into an agreement for the provision of supportive housing for individuals receiving auxiliary grants pursuant to § 51.5-160 with any provider licensed to provide mental health community support services, intensive community treatment, programs of assertive community treatment, supportive in-home services, or supervised living residential services. Such agreement shall include requirements for (i) individualized supportive housing service plans for every individual receiving supportive housing services, (ii) access to skills training for every individual receiving supportive housing services, (iii) assistance with accessing available community-based services and supports for every individual receiving supportive housing services, (iv) recipient-level outcome data reporting, (v) adherence to identified supportive housing program components, (vi) initial identification and ongoing review of the level of care needs for each recipient, (vii) ongoing monitoring of services described in the recipient's individualized supportive housing service plan, and (viii) annual inspections by the Department or its designee to determine whether the provider is in compliance with the requirements of the agreement. B. Supportive housing provided or facilitated by providers entering into agreements with the Department pursuant to this section shall include appropriate support services in the least restrictive and most integrated setting practicable for the recipient. Residential settings where supportive housing services are provided shall (i) comply with federal habitability standards, (ii) provide cooking and bathroom facilities in each unit, (iii) afford dignity and privacy to the recipient, (iv) include rights of tenancy pursuant to the Virginia Residential Landlord and Tenant Act (§ 55.1-1200 et seq.), (v) provide rental levels that leave sufficient funds for other necessary living expenses, and (vi) not admit or retain recipients who require ongoing, onsite, 24-hour supervision and care or recipients who have any of the conditions or care needs described in subsection D of § 63.2-1805 . C. The Department may revoke any agreement pursuant to subsection A if the Department determines that the provider has violated the terms of the agreement or any federal or state law or regulation and enter into an agreement with another provider to ensure uninterrupted supportive housing to the auxiliary grant recipient. 2016, c. 567 .

Va. Code Ann. § 37.2-422 Penalty

Any person violating any provision of this article or any applicable regulation made under such provisions shall be guilty of a Class 3 misdemeanor, and each day, or part thereof, of continuation of any such violation shall constitute a separate offense. Code 1950, § 37-260; 1960, c. 496; 1968, c. 477, § 37.1-189; 1976, c. 671; 2005, c. 716 .

Va. Code Ann. § 37.2-423 Repealed

Repealed effective July 1, 2012, by Acts 2011, cc. 798 and 871, cl. 2, effective July 1, 2012.

Va. Code Ann. § 37.2-426 Officers may be appointed conservators of the peace; regulation of traffic

Pursuant to § 19.2-13 , the director, resident officers, policemen, and fire fighters of any hospital or training center may be appointed conservators of the peace on the hospital or training center property and shall have, in addition to the powers of conservators of the peace, authority to patrol and regulate traffic on all roadways and roads through hospital or training center property and to issue summons for violations thereof. Code 1950, § 37-15; 1964, c. 298; 1968, c. 477, § 37.1-148; 1972, c. 639; 1976, c. 671; 1977, c. 326; 2005, c. 716 .

Va. Code Ann. § 37.2-427 Mistreatment of individuals receiving services in hospital or training center

It shall be unlawful for any officer or employee of any hospital or training center or other person to maltreat or misuse any individual who is receiving services in any hospital or training center or who is on a day pass, family visit, or trial visit from a hospital or training center. Any officer or employee of any hospital or training center or other person who maltreats or misuses any individual who is receiving services in any hospital or training center or who is on a day pass, family visit, or trial visit from a hospital or training center is guilty of a Class 1 misdemeanor. Code 1950, § 37-16; 1950, p. 901; 1968, c. 477, § 37.1-150; 2005, c. 716 ; 2012, cc. 476 , 507 .

Va. Code Ann. § 37.2-428 Aiding and abetting in escapes

It shall be unlawful for any officer or employee of any hospital or training center or any other person to aid or abet in the escape or secretion of any lawfully admitted individual receiving services in any hospital or training center, while the individual is in the hospital or training center or on a day pass, family visit, trial visit, bond or escapement, or to willfully fail or refuse to return an individual on a day pass, family visit, or trial visit under his care and custody to any hospital or training center in which he is receiving services, having given written obligation to do so, when directed in writing to do so by the director of the hospital or training center. Any such officer or employee of any hospital or training center or any other person is guilty of a Class 1 misdemeanor. Code 1950, § 37-228; 1968, c. 477, § 37.1-151; 2005, c. 716 ; 2012, cc. 476 , 507 .

Va. Code Ann. § 37.2-429 Disorderly conduct on grounds and interference with officers

It shall be unlawful for any person to conduct himself in an insulting or disorderly manner on the grounds of any hospital or training center or in any way to resist or interfere with any officer or employee of any hospital or training center in discharge of his duty. Any person who conducts himself in an insulting or disorderly manner on the grounds of any hospital or training center or in any way resists or interferes with any officer or employee of any hospital or training center in discharge of his duty is guilty of a Class 1 misdemeanor. Code 1950, § 37-229; 1968, c. 477, § 37.1-152; 1976, c. 671; 2005, c. 716 .

Va. Code Ann. § 37.2-430 Providing alcoholic beverages to individuals receiving services

It shall be unlawful for any person to sell or give alcoholic beverages to any individual receiving services in any hospital or training center, bring alcoholic beverages onto the premises of the hospital or training center, administer alcoholic beverages to any individual receiving services, or place alcoholic beverages or cause them to be placed where any individual receiving services may access them, except if the alcoholic beverages are prescribed by the director or physicians of the hospital or training center. Any such person is guilty of a Class 1 misdemeanor. Code 1950, § 37-230; 1968, c. 477, § 37.1-153; 1972, c. 639; 1976, c. 671; 2005, c. 716 ; 2012, cc. 476 , 507 .

Va. Code Ann. § 37.2-431 Contriving or conspiring to maliciously obtain admission of person

It shall be unlawful for any person to knowingly and maliciously contrive or conspire to obtain without reasonable cause the admission of any person to any hospital or training center. Any person who knowingly and maliciously contrives or conspires to obtain without reasonable cause the admission of any person to any hospital or training center is guilty of a Class 1 misdemeanor. Code 1950, § 37-230.2; 1964, c. 640; 1968, c. 477, § 37.1-154; 2005, c. 716 .

Va. Code Ann. § 37.2-431.1 Recovery residences; penalty

A. As used in this section: "Credentialing entity" means a nonprofit organization that develops and administers professional certification programs according to standards of the National Alliance for Recovery Residences or standards endorsed by Oxford House, Inc. "Level of support" means the level of support and structure that a recovery residence provides to residents, as specified in the standards of the National Alliance for Recovery Residences. "Recovery residence" means a housing facility that provides alcohol-free and illicit-drug-free housing to individuals with substance use disorders and individuals with co-occurring mental illnesses and substance use disorders that does not include clinical treatment services. B. Every recovery residence shall disclose to each prospective resident its credentialing entity. If the credentialing entity is the National Alliance for Recovery Residences, the recovery residence shall disclose the level of support provided by the recovery residence. If the credentialing entity is Oxford House, Inc., the recovery residence shall disclose that the recovery residence is self-governed and unstaffed. C. No person shall operate a recovery residence or advertise, represent, or otherwise imply to the public that a recovery residence or other housing facility is certified by the Department unless such recovery residence or other housing facility has been certified by the Department in accordance with regulations adopted by the Board. Such regulations (i) may require accreditation by or membership in a credentialing entity as a condition of certification; (ii) shall require the recovery residence, as a condition of certification, to comply with any minimum square footage requirements related to beds and sleeping rooms established by the credentialing entity or the square footage requirements set forth in § 36-105.4 , whichever is greater; (iii) shall require recovery residences to report to the Department any death or serious injury that occurs in the recovery residence; and (iv) shall require that no recovery residence, or operator, employee, or agent of a recovery residence, require a resident to participate in medical or psychological services, including clinical substance use treatment, that such recovery residence receives financial benefit from, either directly or indirectly, as a condition of entering or continuing residence at such recovery residence. The Department may issue a conditional certification to any recovery residence that has indicated an intent to receive accreditation by or membership in a credentialing entity when such accreditation or membership is a condition of certification. The maximum term of a conditional certification shall be six months. At the discretion of the Department, a conditional certification may be renewed for a period not to exceed three months if the provider is not able to demonstrate compliance with all certification regulations but demonstrates progress toward compliance. However, in no case shall the total period of conditional certification exceed nine successive months. Conditional certifications may be revoked for serious health and safety concerns. Violation of this subsection is a Class 1 misdemeanor. D. The Department shall maintain a list of conditionally certified and a list of certified recovery residences on its website and shall provide (i) for each recovery residence included on such list, the credentialing entity; (ii) for recovery residences for which the National Alliance of Recovery Residences is the credentialing entity, the level of support provided by the recovery residence; and (iii) for recovery residences for which Oxford House, Inc., is the credentialing entity, a disclosure that the recovery residence is self-governed and unstaffed. E. The Department shall monitor any credentialing entity providing credentials to recovery residences in the Commonwealth to ensure that any criteria of such credentialing entity related to Department certification complies with Department regulations. F. Referrals to recovery residences made by the Department or any agency of the Commonwealth shall only be made to recovery residences that are certified by the Department. No court may refer or release a person to a recovery residence that is not certified by the Department. G. No such credentialing entity shall provide credentials to a recovery residence that is owned or operated by an individual who is employed by or in a position of authority at such credentialing entity, or an immediate family member, as that term is defined in § 2.2-3101 , of any such individual. The Department may require the recovery residence to seek accreditation by or membership in another credentialing entity specified by the Department as a condition of certification. H. The Board shall, in accordance with the Administrative Process Act (§ 2.2-4000 et seq.), promulgate such regulations as the Board deems necessary to establish minimum certification standards for recovery residences. Such regulations shall include: 1. Department protocols for recovery residences, including: a. Denial of applications for certification or conditional certification; and b. Corrective actions plans, which may include warning notices, probationary status, suspension of indigent bed funding, temporary suspension of admission to residences, revocation of conditional certification, and decertification. 2. Requirements for renewal of certification, which shall occur every two years. Such renewal shall be submitted 90 days prior to the expiration date of a recovery residence's certification. 3. A process for submission and investigation of complaints regarding recovery residences, including: a. A process for residents of recovery residences to report certain complaints directly to the Department, including a timeframe for the Department to respond to such complaints. b. A process and timeframe for credentialing entities to report sanctions of recovery residences to the Department. c. A standardized internal grievance escalation protocol for complaints submitted to the operator of recovery residences and credentialing entities, including criteria for mandatory referral of certain complaints to the appropriate authority. 4. A prohibition on the use of non-disclosure agreements that conflict with submission and investigation of complaints regarding recovery residences as permitted pursuant to 42 C.F.R. Part 2. 5. Protocols for prohibiting the consumption or possession of any marijuana or marijuana products by residents of recovery residences. Such regulations shall align with national best practice standards appropriate for the level of support provided by recovery residences. I. The Board shall, in accordance with the Administrative Process Act (§ 2.2-4000 et seq.), promulgate regulations to establish a process for operators of recovery residences to apply for certification independently or in conjunction with a credentialing entity. Such process shall include provisions for credentialing entities to share information required for certification and certification renewal with the Department on behalf of the recovery residence that is applying for certification with such entity, including application forms, policies and procedures, and inspection reports. 2019, c. 220 ; 2022, cc. 732 , 755 ; 2024, c. 30 ; 2025, c. 608 ; 2026, cc. 1000 , 1079 .
Source: Open US Law by Vaquill AI (CC BY 4.0)URL: https://law.lis.virginia.gov/vacode/title37.2/chapter4/Fetched: 10/16/2026

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