ARTICLE 3.1. Small Employer Group Access to Contracts for Health Care Services [1357. - 1357.19.]

Cal. Health and Safety Code - HSC 3.1.

in effect

Cal. Health and Safety Code - HSC § 1357. Section 1357.

As used in this article: (a) “Dependent” means the spouse or child of an eligible employee, subject to applicable terms of the health care plan contract covering the employee, and includes dependents of guaranteed association members if the association elects to include dependents under its health coverage at the same time it determines its membership composition pursuant to subdivision (o). (b) “Eligible employee” means either of the following: (1) Any permanent employee who is actively engaged on a full-time basis in the conduct of the business of the small employer with a normal workweek of at least 30 hours, at the small employer’s regular places of business, who has met any statutorily authorized applicable waiting period requirements. The term does not include sole proprietors or the spouses of those sole proprietors, partners of a partnership or the spouses of those partners, or employees who work on a part-time, temporary, or substitute basis. It includes any eligible employee, as defined in this paragraph, who obtains coverage through a guaranteed association. Employees of employers purchasing through a guaranteed association are eligible employees if they would otherwise meet the definition except for the number of persons employed by the employer. Permanent employees who work at least 20 hours but not more than 29 hours are eligible employees if all four of the following apply: (A) They otherwise meet the definition of an eligible employee except for the number of hours worked. (B) The employer offers the employees health coverage under a health benefit plan. (C) All similarly situated individuals are offered coverage under the health benefit plan. (D) The employee shall have worked at least 20 hours per normal workweek for at least 50 percent of the weeks in the previous calendar quarter. The health care service plan may request any necessary information to document the hours and time period in question, including, but not limited to, payroll records and employee wage and tax filings. (2) Any member of a guaranteed association as defined in subdivision (o). (c) “In force business” means an existing health benefit plan contract issued by the plan to a small employer. (d) “Late enrollee” means an eligible employee or dependent who has declined enrollment in a health benefit plan offered by a small employer at the time of the initial enrollment period provided under the terms of the health benefit plan and who subsequently requests enrollment in a health benefit plan of that small employer, provided that the initial enrollment period shall be a period of at least 30 days. It also means any member of an association that is a guaranteed association as well as any other person eligible to purchase through the guaranteed association when that person has failed to purchase coverage during the initial enrollment period provided under the terms of the guaranteed association’s plan contract and who subsequently requests enrollment in the plan, provided that the initial enrollment period shall be a period of at least 30 days. However, an eligible employee, any other person eligible for coverage through a guaranteed association pursuant to subdivision (o), or an eligible dependent shall not be considered a late enrollee if any of the following is applicable: (1) The individual meets all of the following requirements: (A) He or she was covered under another employer health benefit plan, the Healthy Families Program, the Access for Infants and Mothers (AIM) Program, or the Medi-Cal program at the time the individual was eligible to enroll. (B) He or she certified at the time of the initial enrollment that coverage under another employer health benefit plan, the Healthy Families Program, the AIM Program, or the Medi-Cal program was the reason for declining enrollment, provided that, if the individual was covered under another employer health plan, the individual was given the opportunity to make the certification required by this subdivision and was notified that failure to do so could result in later treatment as a late enrollee. (C) He or she has lost or will lose coverage under another employer health benefit plan as a result of termination of employment of the individual or of a person through whom the individual was covered as a dependent, change in employment status of the individual or of a person through whom the individual was covered as a dependent, termination of the other plan’s coverage, cessation of an employer’s contribution toward an employee or dependent’s coverage, death of the person through whom the individual was covered as a dependent, legal separation, or divorce; or he or she has lost or will lose coverage under the Healthy Families Program, the AIM Program, or the Medi-Cal program. (D) He or she requests enrollment within 30 days after termination of coverage or employer contribution toward coverage provided under another employer health benefit plan, or requests enrollment within 60 days after termination of Medi-Cal program coverage, AIM Program coverage, or Healthy Families Program coverage. (2) The employer offers multiple health benefit plans and the employee elects a different plan during an open enrollment period. (3) A court has ordered that coverage be provided for a spouse or minor child under a covered employee’s health benefit plan. (4) (A) In the case of an eligible employee, as defined in paragraph (1) of subdivision (b), the plan cannot produce a written statement from the employer stating that the individual or the person through whom the individual was eligible to be covered as a dependent, prior to declining coverage, was provided with, and signed, acknowledgment of an explicit written notice in boldface type specifying that failure to elect coverage during the initial enrollment period permits the plan to impose, at the time of the individual’s later decision to elect coverage, an exclusion from coverage for a period of 12 months as well as a six-month preexisting condition exclusion, unless the individual meets the criteria specified in paragraph (1), (2), or (3). (B) In the case of an association member who did not purchase coverage through a guaranteed association, the plan cannot produce a written statement from the association stating that the association sent a written notice in boldface type to all potentially eligible association members at their last known address prior to the initial enrollment period informing members that failure to elect coverage during the initial enrollment period permits the plan to impose, at the time of the member’s later decision to elect coverage, an exclusion from coverage for a period of 12 months as well as a six-month preexisting condition exclusion unless the member can demonstrate that he or she meets the requirements of subparagraphs (A), (C), and (D) of paragraph (1) or meets the requirements of paragraph (2) or (3). (C) In the case of an employer or person who is not a member of an association, was eligible to purchase coverage through a guaranteed association, and did not do so, and would not be eligible to purchase guaranteed coverage unless purchased through a guaranteed association, the employer or person can demonstrate that he or she meets the requirements of subparagraphs (A), (C), and (D) of paragraph (1), or meets the requirements of paragraph (2) or (3), or that he or she recently had a change in status that would make him or her eligible and that application for enrollment was made within 30 days of the change. (5) The individual is an employee or dependent who meets the criteria described in paragraph (1) and was under a COBRA continuation provision and the coverage under that provision has been exhausted. For purposes of this section, the definition of “COBRA” set forth in subdivision (e) of Section 1373.621 shall apply. (6) The individual is a dependent of an enrolled eligible employee who has lost or will lose his or her coverage under the Healthy Families Program, the AIM Program, or the Medi-Cal program and requests enrollment within 60 days after termination of that coverage. (7) The individual is an eligible employee who previously declined coverage under an employer health benefit plan and who has subsequently acquired a dependent who would be eligible for coverage as a dependent of the employee through marriage, birth, adoption, or placement for adoption, and who enrolls for coverage under that employer health benefit plan on his or her behalf and on behalf of his or her dependent within 30 days following the date of marriage, birth, adoption, or placement for adoption, in which case the effective date of coverage shall be the first day of the month following the date the completed request for enrollment is received in the case of marriage, or the date of birth, or the date of adoption or placement for adoption, whichever applies. Notice of the special enrollment rights contained in this paragraph shall be provided by the employer to an employee at or before the time the employee is offered an opportunity to enroll in plan coverage. (8) The individual is an eligible employee who has declined coverage for himself or herself or his or her dependents during a previous enrollment period because his or her dependents were covered by another employer health benefit plan at the time of the previous enrollment period. That individual may enroll himself or herself or his or her dependents for plan coverage during a special open enrollment opportunity if his or her dependents have lost or will lose coverage under that other employer health benefit plan. The special open enrollment opportunity shall be requested by the employee not more than 30 days after the date that the other health coverage is exhausted or terminated. Upon enrollment, coverage shall be effective not later than the first day of the first calendar month beginning after the date the request for enrollment is received. Notice of the special enrollment rights contained in this paragraph shall be provided by the employer to an employee at or before the time the employee is offered an opportunity to enroll in plan coverage. (e) “New business” means a health care service plan contract issued to a small employer that is not the plan’s in force business. (f) “Preexisting condition provision” means a contract provision that excludes coverage for charges or expenses incurred during a specified period following the employee’s effective date of coverage, as to a condition for which medical advice, diagnosis, care, or treatment was recommended or received during a specified period immediately preceding the effective date of coverage. (g) “Creditable coverage” means: (1) Any individual or group policy, contract, or program that is written or administered by a disability insurer, health care service plan, fraternal benefits society, self-insured employer plan, or any other entity, in this state or elsewhere, and that arranges or provides medical, hospital, and surgical coverage not designed to supplement other private or governmental plans. The term includes continuation or conversion coverage but does not include accident only, credit, coverage for onsite medical clinics, disability income, Medicare supplement, long-term care, dental, vision, coverage issued as a supplement to liability insurance, insurance arising out of a workers’ compensation or similar law, automobile medical payment insurance, or insurance under which benefits are payable with or without regard to fault and that is statutorily required to be contained in any liability insurance policy or equivalent self-insurance. (2) The Medicare Program pursuant to Title XVIII of the federal Social Security Act (42 U.S.C. Sec. 1395 et seq.). (3) The Medicaid program pursuant to Title XIX of the federal Social Security Act (42 U.S.C. Sec. 1396 et seq.). (4) Any other publicly sponsored program, provided in this state or elsewhere, of medical, hospital, and surgical care. (5) Chapter 55 (commencing with Section 1071) of Title 10 of the United States Code (Civilian Health and Medical Program of the Uniformed Services (CHAMPUS)). (6) A medical care program of the Indian Health Service or of a tribal organization. (7) A state health benefits risk pool. (8) A health plan offered under Chapter 89 (commencing with Section 8901) of Title 5 of the United States Code (Federal Employees Health Benefits Program (FEHBP)). (9) A public health plan as defined in federal regulations authorized by Section 2701(c)(1)(I) of the federal Public Health Service Act, as amended by Public Law 104-191, the federal Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996. (10) A health benefit plan under Section 5(e) of the federal Peace Corps Act (22 U.S.C. Sec. 2504(e)). (11) Any other creditable coverage as defined by subdivision (c) of Section 2701 of Title XXVII of the federal Public Health Service Act (42 U.S.C. Sec. 300gg-3(c)). (h) “Rating period” means the period for which premium rates established by a plan are in effect and shall be no less than six months. (i) “Risk adjusted employee risk rate” means the rate determined for an eligible employee of a small employer in a particular risk category after applying the risk adjustment factor. (j) “Risk adjustment factor” means the percentage adjustment to be applied equally to each standard employee risk rate for a particular small employer, based upon any expected deviations from standard cost of services. The factor may not be more than 110 percent or less than 90 percent. (k) “Risk category” means the following characteristics of an eligible employee: age, geographic region, and family composition of the employee, plus the health benefit plan selected by the small employer. (1) No more than the following age categories may be used in determining premium rates: Under 30 30–39 40–49 50–54 55–59 60–64 65 and over. However, for the 65 years of age and over category, separate premium rates may be specified depending upon whether coverage under the plan contract will be primary or secondary to benefits provided by the Medicare Program pursuant to Title XVIII of the federal Social Security Act (42 U.S.C. Sec. 1395 et seq.). (2) Small employer health care service plans shall base rates to small employers using no more than the following family size categories: (A) Single. (B) Married couple. (C) One adult and child or children. (D) Married couple and child or children. (3) (A) In determining rates for small employers, a plan that operates statewide shall use no more than nine geographic regions in the state, have no region smaller than an area in which the first three digits of all its ZIP Codes are in common within a county, and divide no county into more than two regions. Plans shall be deemed to be operating statewide if their coverage area includes 90 percent or more of the state’s population. Geographic regions established pursuant to this section shall, as a group, cover the entire state, and the area encompassed in a geographic region shall be separate and distinct from areas encompassed in other geographic regions. Geographic regions may be noncontiguous. (B) (i) In determining rates for small employers, a plan that does not operate statewide shall use no more than the number of geographic regions in the state that is determined by the following formula: the population, as determined in the last federal census, of all counties that are included in their entirety in a plan’s service area divided by the total population of the state, as determined in the last federal census, multiplied by nine. The resulting number shall be rounded to the nearest whole integer. No region may be smaller than an area in which the first three digits of all its ZIP Codes are in common within a county and no county may be divided into more than two regions. The area encompassed in a geographic region shall be separate and distinct from areas encompassed in other geographic regions. Geographic regions may be noncontiguous. A plan shall not have less than one geographic area. (ii) If the formula in clause (i) results in a plan that operates in more than one county having only one geographic region, then the formula in clause (i) shall not apply and the plan may have two geographic regions, provided that no county is divided into more than one region. This section does not require a plan to establish a new service area or to offer health coverage on a statewide basis, outside of the plan’s existing service area. (l) “Small employer” means either of the following: (1) Any person, firm, proprietary or nonprofit corporation, partnership, public agency, or association that is actively engaged in business or service, that, on at least 50 percent of its working days during the preceding calendar quarter or preceding calendar year, employed at least two, but no more than 50, eligible employees, the majority of whom were employed within this state, that was not formed primarily for purposes of buying health care service plan contracts, and in which a bona fide employer-employee relationship exists. In determining whether to apply the calendar quarter or calendar year test, a health care service plan shall use the test that ensures eligibility if only one test would establish eligibility. However, for purposes of subdivisions (a), (b), and (c) of Section 1357.03, the definition shall include employers with at least two eligible employees. In determining the number of eligible employees, companies that are affiliated companies and that are eligible to file a combined tax return for purposes of state taxation shall be considered one employer. Subsequent to the issuance of a health care service plan contract to a small employer pursuant to this article, and for the purpose of determining eligibility, the size of a small employer shall be determined annually. Except as otherwise specifically provided in this article, provisions of this article that apply to a small employer shall continue to apply until the plan contract anniversary following the date the employer no longer meets the requirements of this definition. It includes any small employer as defined in this paragraph who purchases coverage through a guaranteed association, any employer purchasing coverage for employees through a guaranteed association, and any small employer as defined in this paragraph who purchases coverage through any arrangement. (2) Any guaranteed association, as defined in subdivision (n), that purchases health coverage for members of the association. (m) “Standard employee risk rate” means the rate applicable to an eligible employee in a particular risk category in a small employer group. (n) “Guaranteed association” means a nonprofit organization comprised of a group of individuals or employers who associate based solely on participation in a specified profession or industry, accepting for membership any individual or employer meeting its membership criteria, and that (1) includes one or more small employers as defined in paragraph (1) of subdivision (l), (2) does not condition membership directly or indirectly on the health or claims history of any person, (3) uses membership dues solely for and in consideration of the membership and membership benefits, except that the amount of the dues shall not depend on whether the member applies for or purchases insurance offered to the association, (4) is organized and maintained in good faith for purposes unrelated to insurance, (5) has been in active existence on January 1, 1992, and for at least five years prior to that date, (6) has included health insurance as a membership benefit for at least five years prior to January 1, 1992, (7) has a constitution and bylaws, or other analogous governing documents that provide for election of the governing board of the association by its members, (8) offers any plan contract that is purchased to all individual members and employer members in this state, (9) includes any member choosing to enroll in the plan contracts offered to the association provided that the member has agreed to make the required premium payments, and (10) covers at least 1,000 persons with the health care service plan with which it contracts. The requirement of 1,000 persons may be met if component chapters of a statewide association contracting separately with the same carrier cover at least 1,000 persons in the aggregate. This subdivision applies regardless of whether a contract issued by a plan is with an association, or a trust formed for or sponsored by an association, to administer benefits for association members. For purposes of this subdivision, an association formed by a merger of two or more associations after January 1, 1992, and otherwise meeting the criteria of this subdivision shall be deemed to have been in active existence on January 1, 1992, if its predecessor organizations had been in active existence on January 1, 1992, and for at least five years prior to that date and otherwise met the criteria of this subdivision. (o) “Members of a guaranteed association” means any individual or employer meeting the association’s membership criteria if that person is a member of the association and chooses to purchase health coverage through the association. At the association’s discretion, it also may include employees of association members, association staff, retired members, retired employees of members, and surviving spouses and dependents of deceased members. However, if an association chooses to include these persons as members of the guaranteed association, the association shall make that election in advance of purchasing a plan contract. Health care service plans may require an association to adhere to the membership composition it selects for up to 12 months. (p) “Affiliation period” means a period that, under the terms of the health care service plan contract, is required to elapse before health care services under the contract become effective.

Cal. Health and Safety Code - HSC § 1357.01. Section 1357.01.

Every health care service plan offering plan contracts to small employer groups shall in addition to complying with the provisions of this chapter and the rules adopted thereunder comply with the provisions of this article.

Cal. Health and Safety Code - HSC § 1357.02. Section 1357.02.

(a) A health care service plan providing or arranging for the provision of basic health care services to small employers shall be subject to this article if either of the following conditions are met: (1) Any portion of the premium is paid by a small employer, or any covered individual is reimbursed, whether through wage adjustments or otherwise, by a small employer for any portion of the premium. (2) The plan contract is treated by the small employer or any of the covered individuals as part of a plan or program for the purposes of Section 106 or 162 of the Internal Revenue Code. (b) This article shall not apply to health plan contracts for coverage of Medicare services pursuant to contracts with the United States government, Medicare supplement, Medi-Cal contracts with the State Department of Health Services, long-term care coverage, or specialized health plan contracts.

Cal. Health and Safety Code - HSC § 1357.03. Section 1357.03.

(a) (1) Upon the effective date of this article, a plan shall fairly and affirmatively offer, market, and sell all of the plan’s health care service plan contracts that are sold to small employers or to associations that include small employers to all small employers in each service area in which the plan provides or arranges for the provision of health care services. (2) Each plan shall make available to each small employer all small employer health care service plan contracts that the plan offers and sells to small employers or to associations that include small employers in this state. (3) No plan or solicitor shall induce or otherwise encourage a small employer to separate or otherwise exclude an eligible employee from a health care service plan contract that is provided in connection with the employee’s employment or membership in a guaranteed association. (4) A plan contracting to participate in the voluntary purchasing pool for small employers provided for under Article 4 (commencing with Section 10730) of Chapter 8 of Part 2 of Division 2 of the Insurance Code shall be deemed in compliance with the requirements of paragraph (1) for a contract offered through the voluntary purchasing pool established under Article 4 (commencing with Section 10730) of Chapter 8 of Part 2 of Division 2 of the Insurance Code in those geographic regions in which plans participate in the pool, if the contract is offered exclusively through the pool. (5) (A) A plan shall be deemed to meet the requirements of paragraphs (1) and (2) with respect to a plan contract that qualifies as a grandfathered health plan under Section 1251 of PPACA if all of the following requirements are met: (i) The plan offers to renew the plan contract, unless the plan withdraws the plan contract from the small employer market pursuant to subdivision (e) of Section 1357.11. (ii) The plan provides appropriate notice of the grandfathered status of the contract in any materials provided to an enrollee of the contract describing the benefits provided under the contract, as required under PPACA. (iii) The plan makes no changes to the benefits covered under the plan contract other than those required by a state or federal law, regulation, rule, or guidance and those permitted to be made to a grandfathered health plan under PPACA. (B) For purposes of this paragraph, “PPACA” means the federal Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (Public Law 111-148), as amended by the federal Health Care and Education Reconciliation Act of 2010 (Public Law 111-152), and any rules, regulations, or guidance issued thereunder. For purposes of this paragraph, a “grandfathered health plan” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 1251 of PPACA. (b) Every plan shall file with the director the reasonable employee participation requirements and employer contribution requirements that will be applied in offering its plan contracts. Participation requirements shall be applied uniformly among all small employer groups, except that a plan may vary application of minimum employee participation requirements by the size of the small employer group and whether the employer contributes 100 percent of the eligible employee’s premium. Employer contribution requirements shall not vary by employer size. A health care service plan shall not establish a participation requirement that (1) requires a person who meets the definition of a dependent in subdivision (a) of Section 1357 to enroll as a dependent if he or she is otherwise eligible for coverage and wishes to enroll as an eligible employee and (2) allows a plan to reject an otherwise eligible small employer because of the number of persons that waive coverage due to coverage through another employer. Members of an association eligible for health coverage under subdivision (o) of Section 1357, but not electing any health coverage through the association, shall not be counted as eligible employees for purposes of determining whether the guaranteed association meets a plan’s reasonable participation standards. (c) The plan shall not reject an application from a small employer for a health care service plan contract if all of the following are met: (1) The small employer, as defined by paragraph (1) of subdivision ( l ) of Section 1357, offers health benefits to 100 percent of its eligible employees, as defined by paragraph (1) of subdivision (b) of Section 1357. Employees who waive coverage on the grounds that they have other group coverage shall not be counted as eligible employees. (2) The small employer agrees to make the required premium payments. (3) The small employer agrees to inform the small employers’ employees of the availability of coverage and the provision that those not electing coverage must wait one year to obtain coverage through the group if they later decide they would like to have coverage. (4) The employees and their dependents who are to be covered by the plan contract work or reside in the service area in which the plan provides or otherwise arranges for the provision of health care services. (d) No plan or solicitor shall, directly or indirectly, engage in the following activities: (1) Encourage or direct small employers to refrain from filing an application for coverage with a plan because of the health status, claims experience, industry, occupation of the small employer, or geographic location provided that it is within the plan’s approved service area. (2) Encourage or direct small employers to seek coverage from another plan or the voluntary purchasing pool established under Article 4 (commencing with Section 10730) of Chapter 8 of Part 2 of Division 2 of the Insurance Code because of the health status, claims experience, industry, occupation of the small employer, or geographic location provided that it is within the plan’s approved service area. (e) A plan shall not, directly or indirectly, enter into any contract, agreement, or arrangement with a solicitor that provides for or results in the compensation paid to a solicitor for the sale of a health care service plan contract to be varied because of the health status, claims experience, industry, occupation, or geographic location of the small employer. This subdivision does not apply to a compensation arrangement that provides compensation to a solicitor on the basis of percentage of premium, provided that the percentage shall not vary because of the health status, claims experience, industry, occupation, or geographic area of the small employer. (f) A policy or contract that covers two or more employees shall not establish rules for eligibility, including continued eligibility, of an individual, or dependent of an individual, to enroll under the terms of the plan based on any of the following health status-related factors: (1) Health status. (2) Medical condition, including physical and mental illnesses. (3) Claims experience. (4) Receipt of health care. (5) Medical history. (6) Genetic information. (7) Evidence of insurability, including conditions arising out of acts of domestic violence. (8) Disability. (g) A plan shall comply with the requirements of Section 1374.3.

Cal. Health and Safety Code - HSC § 1357.04. Section 1357.04.

(a) After a small employer submits a completed application form for a plan contract, the plan shall, within 30 days, notify the employer of the employer’s actual premium charges for that plan contract established in accordance with Section 1357.12. The employer shall have 30 days in which to exercise the right to buy coverage at the quoted premium charges. (b) When a small employer submits a premium payment, based on the quoted premium charges, and that payment is delivered or postmarked, whichever occurs earlier, within the first 15 days of the month, coverage under the plan contract shall become effective no later than the first day of the following month. When that payment is neither delivered nor postmarked until after the 15th day of a month, coverage shall become effective no later than the first day of the second month following delivery or postmark of the payment. (c) During the first 30 days after the effective date of the plan contract, the small employer shall have the option of changing coverage to a different plan contract offered by the same health care service plan. If a small employer notifies the plan of the change within the first 15 days of a month, coverage under the new plan contract shall become effective no later than the first day of the following month. If a small employer notifies the plan of the change after the 15th day of a month, coverage under the new plan contract shall become effective no later than the first day of the second month following notification.

Cal. Health and Safety Code - HSC § 1357.05. Section 1357.05.

Except in the case of a late enrollee, or for satisfaction of a preexisting condition clause in the case of initial coverage of an eligible employee, a plan may not exclude any eligible employee or dependent who would otherwise be entitled to health care services on the basis of an actual or expected health condition of that employee or dependent. No plan contract may limit or exclude coverage for a specific eligible employee or dependent by type of illness, treatment, medical condition, or accident, except for preexisting conditions as permitted by Section 1357.06.

Cal. Health and Safety Code - HSC § 1357.06. Section 1357.06.

(a) (1) Preexisting condition provisions of a plan contract shall not exclude coverage for a period beyond six months following the individual’s effective date of coverage and may only relate to conditions for which medical advice, diagnosis, care, or treatment, including prescription drugs, was recommended or received from a licensed health practitioner during the six months immediately preceding the effective date of coverage. (2) Notwithstanding paragraph (1), a plan contract offered to a small employer shall not impose any preexisting condition provision upon any child under 19 years of age. (b) A plan that does not utilize a preexisting condition provision may impose a waiting or affiliation period, not to exceed 60 days, before the coverage issued subject to this article shall become effective. During the waiting or affiliation period no premiums shall be charged to the enrollee or the subscriber. (c) In determining whether a preexisting condition provision or a waiting or affiliation period applies to any person, a plan shall credit the time the person was covered under creditable coverage, provided the person becomes eligible for coverage under the succeeding plan contract within 62 days of termination of prior coverage, exclusive of any waiting or affiliation period, and applies for coverage with the succeeding plan contract within the applicable enrollment period. A plan shall also credit any time an eligible employee must wait before enrolling in the plan, including any affiliation or employer-imposed waiting or affiliation period. However, if a person’s employment has ended, the availability of health coverage offered through employment or sponsored by an employer has terminated, or an employer’s contribution toward health coverage has terminated, a plan shall credit the time the person was covered under creditable coverage if the person becomes eligible for health coverage offered through employment or sponsored by an employer within 180 days, exclusive of any waiting or affiliation period, and applies for coverage under the succeeding plan contract within the applicable enrollment period. (d) In addition to the preexisting condition exclusions authorized by subdivision (a) and the waiting or affiliation period authorized by subdivision (b), health plans providing coverage to a guaranteed association may impose on employers or individuals purchasing coverage who would not be eligible for guaranteed coverage if they were not purchasing through the association a waiting or affiliation period, not to exceed 60 days, before the coverage issued subject to this article shall become effective. During the waiting or affiliation period, no premiums shall be charged to the enrollee or the subscriber. (e) An individual’s period of creditable coverage shall be certified pursuant to subdivision (e) of Section 2701 of Title XXVII of the federal Public Health Services Act (42 U.S.C. Sec. 300gg(e)). (f) A health care service plan issuing group coverage may not impose a preexisting condition exclusion to a condition relating to benefits for pregnancy or maternity care.

Cal. Health and Safety Code - HSC § 1357.07. Section 1357.07.

No plan contract may exclude late enrollees from coverage for more than 12 months from the date of the late enrollees application for coverage. No premium shall be charged to the late enrollee until the exclusion period has ended.

Cal. Health and Safety Code - HSC § 1357.08. Section 1357.08.

All health care service plan contracts offered to a small employer shall provide to subscribers and enrollees at least all of the basic health care services included in subdivision (b) of Section 1345, and in Section 1300.67 of the California Code of Regulations.

Cal. Health and Safety Code - HSC § 1357.09. Section 1357.09.

No plan shall be required to offer a health care service plan contract or accept applications for the contract pursuant to this article in the case of any of the following: (a) To a small employer, if the small employer is not physically located in a plan’s approved service areas, or if an eligible employee and dependents who are to be covered by the plan contract do not work or reside within a plan’s approved service areas. (b) (1) Within a specific service area or portion of a service area, if a plan reasonably anticipates and demonstrates to the satisfaction of the director that it will not have sufficient health care delivery resources to assure that health care services will be available and accessible to the eligible employee and dependents of the employee because of its obligations to existing enrollees. (2) A plan that cannot offer a health care service plan contract to small employers because it is lacking in sufficient health care delivery resources within a service area or a portion of a service area may not offer a contract in the area in which the plan is not offering coverage to small employers to new employer groups with more than 50 eligible employees until the plan notifies the director that it has the ability to deliver services to small employer groups, and certifies to the director that from the date of the notice it will enroll all small employer groups requesting coverage in that area from the plan unless the plan has met the requirements of subdivision (d). (3) Nothing in this article shall be construed to limit the director’s authority to develop and implement a plan of rehabilitation for a health care service plan whose financial viability or organizational and administrative capacity has become impaired. (c) Offer coverage to a small employer or an eligible employee as defined under paragraph (2) of subdivision (b) of Section 1357 that, within 12 months of application for coverage, disenrolled from a plan contract offered by the plan. (d) (1) The director approves the plan’s certification that the number of eligible employees and dependents enrolled under contracts issued during the current calendar year equals or exceeds either of the following: (A) In the case of a plan that administers any self-funded health coverage arrangements in California, 10 percent of the total enrollment of the plan in California as of December 31 of the preceding year. (B) In the case of a plan that does not administer any self-funded health coverage arrangements in California, 8 percent of the total enrollment of the plan in California as of December 31 of the preceding year. If that certification is approved, the plan shall not offer any health care service plan contract to any small employers during the remainder of the current year. (2) If a health care service plan treats an affiliate or subsidiary as a separate carrier for the purpose of this article because one health care service plan is qualified under the federal Health Maintenance Organization Act (42 U.S.C. Sec. 300e et seq.) and does not offer coverage to small employers, while the affiliate or subsidiary offers a plan contract that is not qualified under the federal Health Maintenance Organization Act (42 U.S.C. Sec. 300e et seq.) and offers plan contracts to small employers, the health care service plan offering coverage to small employers shall enroll new eligible employees and dependents, equal to the applicable percentage of the total enrollment of both the health care service plan qualified under the federal Health Maintenance Organization Act (42 U.S.C. Sec. 300e et seq.) and its affiliate or subsidiary. (3) (A) The certified statement filed pursuant to this subdivision shall state the following: (i) Whether the plan administers any self-funded health coverage arrangements in California. (ii) The plan’s total enrollment as of December 31 of the preceding year. (iii) The number of eligible employees and dependents enrolled under contracts issued to small employer groups during the current calendar year. (B) The director shall, within 45 days, approve or disapprove the certified statement. If the certified statement is disapproved, the plan shall continue to issue coverage as required by Section 1357.03 and be subject to disciplinary action as set forth in Article 7 (commencing with Section 1386). (e) A health care service plan that, as of December 31 of the prior year, had a total enrollment of fewer than 100,000 and 50 percent or more of the plan’s total enrollment have premiums paid by the Medi-Cal program. (f) A social health maintenance organization, as described in subdivision (a) of Section 2355 of the federal Deficit Reduction Act of 1984 (P.L. 98-369), that, as of December 31 of the prior year, had a total enrollment of fewer than 100,000 and has 50 percent or more of the organization’s total enrollment premiums paid by the Medi-Cal program or Medicare programs, or by a combination of Medi-Cal and Medicare. In no event shall this exemption be based upon enrollment in Medicare supplement contracts, as described in Article 3.5 (commencing with Section 1358).

Cal. Health and Safety Code - HSC § 1357.10. Section 1357.10.

The director may require a plan to discontinue the offering of contracts or acceptance of applications from any small employer or group with more than 50 employees upon a determination by the director that the plan does not have sufficient financial viability, or organizational and administrative capacity to assure the delivery of health care services to its enrollees. In determining whether the conditions of this section have been met, the director shall consider, but not be limited to, the plan’s compliance with the requirements of Section 1367, Article 6 (commencing with Section 1375), and the rules adopted thereunder.

Cal. Health and Safety Code - HSC § 1357.12. Section 1357.12.

Premiums for contracts offered or delivered by plans on or after the effective date of this article shall be subject to the following requirements: (a) (1) The premium for new business shall be determined for an eligible employee in a particular risk category after applying a risk adjustment factor to the plan’s standard employee risk rates. The risk adjusted employee risk rate may not be more than 120 percent or less than 80 percent of the plan’s applicable standard employee risk rate until July 1, 1996. Effective July 1, 1996, this factor may not be more than 110 percent or less than 90 percent. (2) The premium charged a small employer for new business shall be equal to the sum of the risk adjusted employee risk rates. (3) The standard employee risk rates applied to a small employer for new business shall be in effect for no less than six months. (b) (1) The premium for in force business shall be determined for an eligible employee in a particular risk category after applying a risk adjustment factor to the plan’s standard employee risk rates. The risk adjusted employee risk rates may not be more than 120 percent or less than 80 percent of the plan’s applicable standard employee risk rate until July 1, 1996. Effective July 1, 1996, this factor may not be more than 110 percent or less than 90 percent. The factor effective July 1, 1996, shall apply to in force business at the earlier of either the time of renewal or July 1, 1997. The risk adjustment factor applied to a small employer may not increase by more than 10 percentage points from the risk adjustment factor applied in the prior rating period. The risk adjustment factor for a small employer may not be modified more frequently than every 12 months. (2) The premium charged a small employer for in force business shall be equal to the sum of the risk adjusted employee risk rates. The standard employee risk rates shall be in effect for no less than six months. (3) For a contract that a plan has discontinued offering, the risk adjustment factor applied to the standard employee risk rates for the first rating period of the new contract that the small employer elects to purchase shall be no greater than the risk adjustment factor applied in the prior rating period to the discontinued contract. However, the risk adjusted employee risk rate may not be more than 120 percent or less than 80 percent of the plan’s applicable standard employee risk rate until July 1, 1996. Effective July 1, 1996, this factor may not be more than 110 percent or less than 90 percent. The factor effective July 1, 1996, shall apply to in force business at the earlier of either the time of renewal or July 1, 1997. The risk adjustment factor for a small employer may not be modified more frequently than every 12 months. (c) (1) For any small employer, a plan may, with the consent of the small employer, establish composite employee and dependent rates for either new business or renewal of in force business. The composite rates shall be determined as the average of the risk adjusted employee risk rates for the small employer, as determined in accordance with the requirements of subdivisions (a) and (b). The sum of the composite rates so determined shall be equal to the sum of the risk adjusted employee risk rates for the small employer. (2) The composite rates shall be used for all employees and dependents covered throughout a rating period of no less than six months nor more than 12 months, except that a plan may reserve the right to redetermine the composite rates if the enrollment under the contract changes by more than a specified percentage during the rating period. Any redetermination of the composite rates shall be based on the same risk adjusted employee risk rates used to determine the initial composite rates for the rating period. If a plan reserves the right to redetermine the rates and the enrollment changes more than the specified percentage, the plan shall redetermine the composite rates if the redetermined rates would result in a lower premium for the small employer. A plan reserving the right to redetermine the composite rates based upon a change in enrollment shall use the same specified percentage to measure that change with respect to all small employers electing composite rates.

Cal. Health and Safety Code - HSC § 1357.13. Section 1357.13.

Plans shall apply standard employee risk rates consistently with respect to all small employers.

Cal. Health and Safety Code - HSC § 1357.14. Section 1357.14.

In connection with the offering for sale of any plan contract to a small employer, each plan shall make a reasonable disclosure, as part of its solicitation and sales materials, of the following: (a) The extent to which premium rates for a specified small employer are established or adjusted in part based upon the actual or expected variation in service costs or actual or expected variation in health condition of the employees and dependents of the small employer. (b) The provisions concerning the plan’s right to change premium rates and the factors other than provision of services experience that affect changes in premium rates. (c) Provisions relating to the guaranteed issue and renewal of contracts. (d) Provisions relating to the effect of any preexisting condition provision. (e) Provisions relating to the small employer’s right to apply for any contract written, issued, or administered by the plan at the time of application for a new health care service plan contract, or at the time of renewal of a health care service plan contract. (f) The availability, upon request, of a listing of all the plan’s contracts and benefit plan designs offered to small employers, including the rates for each contract. (g) At the time it offers a contract to a small employer, each plan shall provide the small employer with a statement of all of its plan contracts offered to small employers, including the rates for each plan contract, in the service area in which the employer’s employees and eligible dependents who are to be covered by the plan contract work or reside. For purposes of this subdivision, plans that are affiliated plans or that are eligible to file a consolidated income tax return shall be treated as one health plan. (h) Each plan shall do all of the following: (1) Prepare a brochure that summarizes all of its plan contracts offered to small employers and to make this summary available to any small employer and to solicitors upon request. The summary shall include for each contract information on benefits provided, a generic description of the manner in which services are provided, such as how access to providers is limited, benefit limitations, required copayments and deductibles, standard employee risk rates, an explanation of the manner in which creditable coverage is calculated if a preexisting condition or affiliation period is imposed, and a phone number that can be called for more detailed benefit information. Plans are required to keep the information contained in the brochure accurate and up to date and, upon updating the brochure, send copies to solicitors and solicitor firms with whom the plan contracts to solicit enrollments or subscriptions. (2) For each contract, prepare a more detailed evidence of coverage and make it available to small employers, solicitors, and solicitor firms upon request. The evidence of coverage shall contain all information that a prudent buyer would need to be aware of in making contract selections. (3) Provide to small employers and solicitors, upon request, for any given small employer the sum of the standard employee risk rates and the sum of the risk adjusted employee risk rates. When requesting this information, small employers, solicitors, and solicitor firms shall provide the plan with the information the plan needs to determine the small employer’s risk adjusted employee risk rate. (4) Provide copies of the current summary brochure to all solicitors and solicitor firms contracting with the plan to solicit enrollments or subscriptions from small employers. For purposes of this subdivision, plans that are affiliated plans or that are eligible to file a consolidated income tax return shall be treated as one health plan. (i) Every solicitor or solicitor firm contracting with one or more plans to solicit enrollments or subscriptions from small employers shall do all of the following: (1) When providing information on contracts to a small employer but making no specific recommendations on particular plan contracts: (A) Advise the small employer of the plan’s obligation to sell to any small employer any plan contract it offers to small employers and provide them, upon request, with the actual rates that would be charged to that employer for a given contract. (B) Notify the small employer that the solicitor or solicitor firm will procure rate and benefit information for the small employer on any plan contract offered by a plan whose contract the solicitor sells. (C) Notify the small employer that upon request the solicitor or solicitor firm will provide the small employer with the summary brochure required under paragraph (1) of subdivision (h) for any plan contract offered by a plan with whom the solicitor or solicitor firm has contracted with to solicit enrollments or subscriptions. (2) When recommending a particular benefit plan design or designs, advise the small employer that, upon request, the agent will provide the small employer with the brochure required by paragraph (1) of subdivision (h) containing the benefit plan design or designs being recommended by the agent or broker. (3) Prior to filing an application for a small employer for a particular contract: (A) For each of the plan contracts offered by the plan whose contract the solicitor or solicitor firm is offering, provide the small employer with the benefit summary required in paragraph (1) of subdivision (h) and the sum of the standard employee risk rates for that particular employer. (B) Notify the small employer that, upon request, the solicitor or solicitor firm will provide the small employer with an evidence of coverage brochure for each contract the plan offers. (C) Notify the small employer that, from July 1, 1993, to July 1, 1996, actual rates may be 20 percent higher or lower than the sum of the standard employee risk rates, and from July 1, 1996, and thereafter, actual rates may be 10 percent higher or lower than the sum of the standard employee risk rates, depending on how the plan assesses the risk of the small employer’s group. (D) Notify the small employer that, upon request, the solicitor or solicitor firm will submit information to the plan to ascertain the small employer’s sum of the risk adjusted employee risk rate for any contract the plan offers. (E) Obtain a signed statement from the small employer acknowledging that the small employer has received the disclosures required by this section.

Cal. Health and Safety Code - HSC § 1357.15. Section 1357.15.

(a) At least 20 business days prior to renewing or amending a plan contract subject to this article which will be in force on the operative date of this article, a plan shall file a notice of material modification with the director in accordance with the provisions of Section 1352. The notice of material modification shall include a statement certifying that the plan is in compliance with subdivision (j) of Section 1357 and Section 1357.12. The certified statement shall set forth the standard employee risk rate for each risk category and the highest and lowest risk adjustment factors that will be used in setting the rates at which the contract will be renewed or amended. Any action by the director, as permitted under Section 1352, to disapprove, suspend or postpone the plan’s use of a plan contract shall be in writing, specifying the reasons that the plan contract does not comply with the requirements of this chapter. (b) At least 20 business days prior to offering a plan contract subject to this article, all plans shall file a notice of material modification with the director in accordance with the provisions of Section 1352. The notice of material modification shall include a statement certifying that the plan is in compliance with subdivision (j) of Section 1357 and Section 1357.12. The certified statement shall set forth the standard employee risk rate for each risk category and the highest and lowest risk adjustment factors that will be used in setting the rates at which the contract will be offered. Plans that will be offering to a small employer plan contracts approved by the director prior to the effective date of this article shall file a notice of material modification in accordance with this subdivision. Any action by the director, as permitted under Section 1352, to disapprove, suspend or postpone the plan’s use of a plan contract shall be in writing, specifying the reasons that the plan contract does not comply with the requirements of this chapter. (c) Prior to making any changes in the risk categories, risk adjustment factors or standard employee risk rates filed with the director pursuant to subdivision (a) or (b), the plan shall file as an amendment a statement setting forth the changes and certifying that the plan is in compliance with subdivision (j) of Section 1357 and Section 1357.12. A plan may commence offering plan contracts utilizing the changed risk categories set forth in the certified statement on the 31st day from the date of the filing, or at an earlier time determined by the director, unless the director disapproves the amendment by written notice, stating the reasons therefor. If only the standard employee risk rate is being changed, and not the risk categories or risk adjustment factors, a plan may commence offering plan contracts utilizing the changed standard employee risk rate upon filing the certified statement unless the director disapproves the amendment by written notice. (d) Periodic changes to the standard employee risk rate that a plan proposes to implement over the course of up to 12 consecutive months may be filed in conjunction with the certified statement filed under subdivision (a), (b), or (c). (e) Each plan shall maintain at its principal place of business all of the information required to be filed with the director pursuant to this section. (f) Each plan shall make available to the director, on request, the risk adjustment factor used in determining the rate for any particular small employer. (g) Nothing in this section shall be construed to limit the director’s authority to enforce the rating practices set forth in this article.

Cal. Health and Safety Code - HSC § 1357.16. Section 1357.16.

(a) Health care service plans may enter into contractual agreements with qualified associations, as defined in subdivision (b), under which these qualified associations may assume responsibility for performing specific administrative services, as defined in this section, for qualified association members. Health care service plans that enter into agreements with qualified associations for assumption of administrative services shall establish uniform definitions for the administrative services that may be provided by a qualified association or its third-party administrator. The health care service plan shall permit all qualified associations to assume one or more of these functions when the health care service plan determines the qualified association demonstrates the administrative capacity to assume these functions. For the purposes of this section, administrative services provided by qualified associations or their third-party administrators shall be services pertaining to eligibility determination, enrollment, premium collection, sales, or claims administration on a per-claim basis that would otherwise be provided directly by the health care service plan or through a third-party administrator on a commission basis or an agent or solicitor workforce on a commission basis. Each health care service plan that enters into an agreement with any qualified association for the provision of administrative services shall offer all qualified associations with which it contracts the same premium discounts for performing those services the health care service plan has permitted the qualified association or its third-party administrator to assume. The health care service plan shall apply these uniform discounts to the health care service plan’s risk adjusted employee risk rates after the health plan has determined the qualified association’s risk adjusted employee risk rates pursuant to Section 1357.12. The health care service plan shall report to the Department of Managed Health Care its schedule of discount for each administrative service. In no instance may a health care service plan provide discounts to qualified associations that are in any way intended to, or materially result in, a reduction in premium charges to the qualified association due to the health status of the membership of the qualified association. In addition to any other remedies available to the director to enforce this chapter, the director may declare a contract between a health care service plan and a qualified association for administrative services pursuant to this section null and void if the director determines any discounts provided to the qualified association are intended to, or materially result in, a reduction in premium charges to the qualified association due to the health status of the membership of the qualified association. (b) For the purposes of this section, a qualified association is a nonprofit corporation comprised of a group of individuals or employers who associate based solely on participation in a specified profession or industry, that conforms to all of the following requirements: (1) It accepts for membership any individual or small employer meeting its membership criteria. (2) It does not condition membership directly or indirectly on the health or claims history of any person. (3) It uses membership dues solely for and in consideration of the membership and membership benefits, except that the amount of the dues shall not depend on whether the member applies for or purchases insurance offered by the association. (4) It is organized and maintained in good faith for purposes unrelated to insurance. (5) It existed on January 1, 1972, and has been in continuous existence since that date. (6) It has a constitution and bylaws or other analogous governing documents that provide for election of the governing board of the association by its members. (7) It offered, marketed, or sold health coverage to its members for 20 continuous years prior to January 1, 1993. (8) It agrees to offer only to association members any plan contract. (9) It agrees to include any member choosing to enroll in the plan contract offered by the association, provided that the member agrees to make required premium payments. (10) It complies with all provisions of this article. (11) It had at least 10,000 enrollees covered by association sponsored plans immediately prior to enactment of Chapter 1128 of the Statutes of 1992. (12) It applies any administrative cost at an equal rate to all members purchasing coverage through the qualified association. (c) A qualified association shall comply with Section 1357.52.

Cal. Health and Safety Code - HSC § 1357.17. Section 1357.17.

The director may issue regulations that are necessary to carry out the purposes of this article. Prior to the public comment period required on the regulations under the Administrative Procedure Act, the director shall provide the Insurance Commissioner with a copy of the proposed regulations. The Insurance Commissioner shall have 30 days to notify the director in writing of any comments on the regulations. The Insurance Commissioner’s comments shall be included in the public notice issued on the regulations. Any rules and regulations adopted pursuant to this article may be adopted as emergency regulations in accordance with the Administrative Procedure Act (Chapter 3.5 (commencing with Section 11340) of Part 1 of Division 3 of Title 2 of the Government Code). Until December 31, 1994, the adoption of these regulations shall be deemed an emergency and necessary for the immediate preservation of the public peace, health and safety or general welfare.

Cal. Health and Safety Code - HSC § 1357.19. Section 1357.19.

This article shall not apply to a health care service plan contract that is subject to Article 3.16 (commencing with Section 1357.500) or Article 3.17 (commencing with Section 1357.600), except as otherwise provided in those articles.

Cal. Health and Safety Code - HSC § 1357.025. Section 1357.025.

Nothing in this article shall be construed to preclude the application of this chapter to either of the following: (a) An association, trust, or other organization acting as a “health care service plan” as defined under Section 1345. (b) An association, trust, or other organization or person presenting information regarding a health care service plan to persons who may be interested in subscribing or enrolling in the plan.

Cal. Health and Safety Code - HSC § 1357.035. Section 1357.035.

(a) Between July 26, 1993, and October 24, 1993, as well as 60 days prior to the expiration of an existing plan contract that expires prior to July 1, 1994, or, for plan contracts expiring after July 1, 1994, 60 days prior to July 1, 1994, an association that meets the definition of guaranteed association, as set forth in Section 1357, except for the requirement that 1,000 persons be covered, shall be entitled to purchase small employer health coverage as if the association were a guaranteed association, except that the coverage shall be guaranteed only for those members of an association, as defined in Section 1357, (1) who were receiving coverage or had successfully applied for coverage through the association as of June 30, 1993, (2) who were receiving coverage through the association as of December 31, 1992, and whose coverage lapsed at any time thereafter because the employment through which coverage was received ended or an employer’s contribution to health coverage ended, or (3) who were covered at any time between June 30, 1993, and July 1, 1994, under a contract that was in force on June 30, 1993. (b) An association obtaining health coverage for its members pursuant to this section shall otherwise be afforded all the rights of a guaranteed association under this chapter including, but not limited to, guaranteed renewability of coverage. (c) No later than August 25, 1993, plans that, at any time during the 1993 calendar year have provided coverage to associations that would be eligible for coverage under this section shall notify those associations of their rights under this section. Ninety days prior to the expiration of a plan contract that expires prior to July 1, 1994, or, for plan contracts expiring after July 1, 1994, 90 days prior to July 1, 1994, health plans that have in force coverage with an association that would be eligible for coverage under this section shall notify the association of its rights under this section.

Source: CA Legislative Counsel Bulk DataURL: https://downloads.leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/pubinfo_2025.zipFetched: 6/27/2026