EFFECT OF THE 1872 CODES

Cal. Civil Code - CIV
in effect

Cal. Civil Code - CIV § 23. Section 23.

With relation to the laws passed at the 1872 Session of the Legislature, the Political Code, Civil Code, Code of Civil Procedure, and Penal Code, shall be construed as though each had been passed on the first day of the session.

Cal. Civil Code - CIV § 23.1. Section 23.1.

The provisions of any law passed at the 1872 Session of the Legislature which contravene or are inconsistent with the provisions of any of the four codes passed at the 1872 Session prevail.

Cal. Civil Code - CIV § 23.2. Section 23.2.

With relation to each other, the provisions of the four codes shall be construed as though all such codes had been passed at the same moment of time and were parts of the same statute.

Cal. Civil Code - CIV § 23.3. Section 23.3.

If the provisions of any title conflict with or contravene the provisions of another title, the provisions of each title shall prevail as to all matters and questions arising out of the subject matter of the title.

Cal. Civil Code - CIV § 23.4. Section 23.4.

If the provisions of any chapter conflict with or contravene the provisions of another chapter of the same title, the provisions of each chapter shall prevail as to all matters and questions arising out of the subject matter of the chapter.

Cal. Civil Code - CIV § 23.5. Section 23.5.

If the provisions of any article conflict with or contravene the provisions of another article of the same chapter, the provisions of each article shall prevail as to all matters and questions arising out of the subject matter of the article.

Cal. Civil Code - CIV § 23.6. Section 23.6.

If conflicting provisions are found in different sections of the same chapter or article, the provisions of the sections last in numerical order shall prevail, unless such construction is inconsistent with the meaning of the chapter or article.
Source: CA Legislative Counsel Bulk DataURL: https://downloads.leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/pubinfo_2025.zipFetched: 6/27/2026