C.R.S. § 38-29-101 Short title
38-29-101. Short title. This part 1 shall be known and may be cited as the "Titles to Manufactured Homes Act".
Titles to Manufactured Homes
C.R.S. tit. 38, art. 29
in effectC.R.S. § 38-29-102 Definitions
38-29-102. Definitions. As used in this article, unless the context otherwise requires:
(1) "Authorized agent" means the county clerk and recorder in each of the counties of the state, except in the city and county of Denver, and therein the manager of revenue, or such other official of the city and county of Denver as may be appointed by the mayor to perform functions related to the registration of manufactured homes, is the authorized agent.
(1.5) "Clerk and recorder" means the clerk and recorder of any county or city and county in the state of Colorado.
(2) "Dealer" means any person, firm, partnership, corporation, or association licensed under the laws of this state to engage in the business of buying, selling, exchanging, or otherwise trading in manufactured homes.
(3) "Department" means the department of revenue.
(4) "Director" means the executive director of the department of revenue.
(5) "Home" means any manufactured home as defined in subsection (6) of this section.
(6) "Manufactured home" means a preconstructed building unit or combination of preconstructed building units that is constructed in compliance with the federal manufactured home construction safety standard, as defined in section 24-32-3302 (13), C.R.S. "Manufactured home" shall also include a mobile home, as defined in section 24-32-3302 (24), C.R.S.
(7) "Manufacturer" means a person, firm, partnership, corporation, or association engaged in the manufacture of new manufactured homes.
(8) Repealed.
(9) "Mortgages" or "mortgage" or "chattel mortgage" means chattel mortgages, conditional sales contracts, or any other like instrument intended to operate as a mortgage or to create a lien on a manufactured home as security for an undertaking of the owner thereof or some other person; except that, as used in part 2 of this article, "mortgage" also includes mortgages, deeds of trust, and other liens on real property.
(10) "Owner" means any person, association of persons, firm, or corporation in whose name the title to a manufactured home is registered.
(11) "Person" means a natural person, association of persons, firm, partnership, or corporation.
(12) "State" includes the territories and the federal districts of the United States.
(13) "Verification of application form" means the form generated by an authorized agent upon receipt of a properly completed application for title submitted in accordance with section 38-29-107.
C.R.S. § 38-29-103 Application
38-29-103. Application. The provisions of this article shall apply to manufactured homes as defined in section 38-29-102 (6).
C.R.S. § 38-29-104 Administration
38-29-104. Administration. The director is charged with the duty of administering this part 1. For that purpose he or she is vested with the power to make such reasonable rules, prepare, prescribe, and require the use of such forms, and provide such procedures as may be reasonably necessary or essential to the efficient administration of this part 1.
C.R.S. § 38-29-105 Authorized agents
38-29-105. Authorized agents. The county clerk and recorder in each of the counties of the state, except in the city and county of Denver the manager of revenue or such other official of the city and county of Denver as may be appointed by the mayor to perform functions related to the registration of manufactured homes, is designated to be the authorized agent of the director and, under the direction of the director, is charged with the administration of the terms and provisions of this article and the rules that may from time to time be adopted for the administration thereof in the county in which such authorized agent holds office.
C.R.S. § 38-29-106 Sale or transfer of manufactured home
38-29-106. Sale or transfer of manufactured home. Except as provided in section 38-29-114, no person shall sell or otherwise transfer a manufactured home to a purchaser or transferee thereof without delivering to such purchaser or transferee the certificate of title to such home, duly transferred in the manner prescribed in section 38-29-112, and no purchaser or transferee shall acquire any right, title, or interest in and to a manufactured home purchased by him unless and until he obtains from the transferor the certificate of title thereto, duly transferred to him in accordance with the provisions of this article.
C.R.S. § 38-29-107 Applications for certificates of title
38-29-107. Applications for certificates of title. (1) In any case under the provisions of this article wherein a person who is entitled to a certificate of title to a manufactured home is required to make formal application to the director therefor, such applicant shall make application upon a form provided by the director in which appears a description of the manufactured home, including the manufacturer and model thereof, the manufacturer's number, the date on which said manufactured home was first sold by the dealer or manufacturer thereof to the initial user thereof, and a description of any other distinguishing mark, number, or symbol placed on said home by the manufacturer thereof for identification purposes, as may by rule be required by the director. Such application shall also show the applicant's source of title and the new or resale price of said manufactured home, whichever is applicable, paid by such applicant and shall include a description of all known mortgages and liens upon said manufactured home, each including the name of the legal holder thereof, the amount originally secured, the amount outstanding on the obligation secured at the time such application is made, the name of the county or city and county and state in which such mortgage or lien instrument is recorded or filed, and proof of the fact that no property taxes for previous years are due on such manufactured home. Such proof shall be a certificate of taxes, or an authentication of paid ad valorem taxes, issued by the county treasurer of the county in which the manufactured home is located. Such application shall be affirmed by a statement signed by the applicant and shall contain or be accompanied by a written declaration that it is made under the penalties of perjury in the second degree, as defined in section 18-8-503, C.R.S.
(2) In any case in which the manufactured home was affixed to the ground prior to July 1, 2008, and a certificate of permanent location was not filed and recorded, a person who is entitled to a certificate of title to a manufactured home shall make formal application to the director upon a form provided by the director. As part of the application, in addition to any information required pursuant to subsection (1) of this section, the applicant shall provide an affidavit of real property, a statement that the identification number has been verified pursuant to section 38-29-122 (3)(a), a certificate of removal, and a copy of all deeds recorded since the home was affixed to the ground. The director shall accept these documents as sufficient evidence of the applicant's proof of ownership of the manufactured home.
(3) (a) In any case in which the manufactured home was affixed to the ground after July 1, 2008, and a certificate of permanent location was filed and recorded, a person who is entitled to a certificate of title to a manufactured home shall make formal application to the director upon a form provided by the director. As part of the application, in addition to any information required pursuant to subsection (1) of this section, the applicant shall provide a copy of the recorded certificate of permanent location, a certificate of removal, a statement that the identification number has been verified pursuant to section 38-29-122 (3)(a), and a copy of all deeds recorded since the home was affixed to the ground. The director shall accept these documents as sufficient evidence of the applicant's proof of ownership of the manufactured home.
shall provide a copy of the recorded certificate of permanent location, a certificate of removal, a statement that the identification number has been verified pursuant to section 38-29-122 (3)(a), and a copy of all deeds recorded since the home was affixed to the ground. The director shall accept these documents as sufficient evidence of the applicant's proof of ownership of the manufactured home.
(b) In any case in which a manufactured home occupies real property subject to a long-term lease that has an express term of at least ten years, the manufactured home was affixed to the ground after July 1, 2008, and a certificate of permanent location was filed and recorded, a person who is entitled to a certificate of title to a manufactured home shall make formal application to the director upon a form provided by the director. As part of the application, in addition to any information required pursuant to subsection (1) of this section, the applicant shall provide a copy of the recorded certificate of permanent location, a statement that the identification number has been verified pursuant to section 38-29-122 (3)(a), and a copy of the recorded long-term lease. The director shall accept these documents as sufficient evidence of the applicant's proof of ownership of the manufactured home.
C.R.S. § 38-29-108 Where application for certificates of title made - procedure
38-29-108. Where application for certificates of title made - procedure. (1) An application for a certificate of title upon the sale, transfer, or movement into the state of any manufactured home that does not become real property pursuant to section 38-29-114 (2) or section 38-29-117 (6) shall be directed to the director and filed with the authorized agent of the county or city or city and county in which such manufactured home is to be located. Upon sale or transfer, an application for a certificate of title on a manufactured home shall be made within forty-five days of the receipt of a manufacturer's certificate or statement of origin or its equivalent. The authorized agents shall forward copies of all such applications to the county assessor. Any person, other than an individual selling a manufactured home used as his residence, who receives a commission or other valuable consideration for the transfer or sale of a manufactured home shall fulfill the application and notice requirements of this subsection (1).
(2) Repealed.
C.R.S. § 38-29-109 Director may refuse certificate, when
38-29-109. Director may refuse certificate, when. The director shall use reasonable diligence in ascertaining whether the facts stated in any application and facts contained in other documents submitted to him with said application are true and, in appropriate cases, may require the applicant to furnish other and additional information regarding his ownership of the manufactured home and his right to have issued to him a certificate of title therefor. He may refuse to issue a certificate of title to such home if from his investigation he determines that the applicant is not entitled thereto.
C.R.S. § 38-29-110 Certificates of title - contents
38-29-110. Certificates of title - contents. (1) All certificates of title to manufactured homes issued under the provisions of this article shall be subscribed by the director, or by some duly authorized officer or employee in the department in the name, place, and stead of the director, to which shall be affixed the seal of the department. Such certificate shall be mailed to the applicant, except as provided in section 38-29-111, and information of the facts therein appearing and concerning the issuance thereof shall be retained by the director and appropriately indexed and filed in his office. The certificate shall be in such form as the director may prescribe and shall contain, in addition to other information which he may by rule from time to time require, the manufacturer and model of the manufactured home for which said certificate is issued, the date on which said home therein described was first sold by the manufacturer or dealer to the initial user thereof, where such information is available, together with the serial number thereof, if any, and a description of such other marks or symbols as may be placed upon the home by the manufacturer thereof for identification purposes.
(2) Beginning January 1, 1983, there shall be issued a distinctive certificate of title identifying the home as a manufactured home. Any person in whose name a certificate of title to a mobile home, as defined in section 38-29-102 (8), was issued prior to January 1, 1983, and which title is free and clear of all encumbrances, may apply to the director or one of his authorized agents for a distinctive manufactured home certificate of title, accompanied by the fee required in section 38-29-138 to be paid for the issuance of a duplicate certificate of title; whereupon, a distinctive certificate of title shall be issued and disposition thereof made as required in this article.
C.R.S. § 38-29-111 Disposition of certificates of title
38-29-111. Disposition of certificates of title. (1) All certificates of title issued by the director shall be disposed of by him in the following manner:
(a) If it appears from the records in the director's office and from an examination of the certificate of title that the manufactured home therein described is not subject to a mortgage filed subsequent to August 1, 1949, or if such home is encumbered by a mortgage filed in any county of a state other than the state of Colorado, the certificate of title shall be delivered to the person who therein appears to be the owner of the home described, or such certificate shall be mailed to the owner thereof at his address as the same may appear in the application, the certificate of title, or other records in the director's office.
(b) If it appears from the records in the office of the director and from the certificate of title that the manufactured home therein described is subject to one or more mortgages filed subsequent to August 1, 1949, the director shall deliver the certificate of title issued by him to the mortgagee named therein or the holder thereof whose mortgage was first filed in the office of an authorized agent or shall mail the same to such mortgagee or holder at his address as the same appears in the certificate of title to said manufactured home.
C.R.S. § 38-29-112 Certificate of title - transfer
38-29-112. Certificate of title - transfer. (1) Upon the sale or transfer of a manufactured home for which a certificate of title has been issued, the person in whose name said certificate of title is registered, if he is other than a dealer, shall, in his own person or by his duly authorized agent or attorney, execute a formal transfer of the home described in the certificate, which transfer shall be affirmed by a statement signed by the person in whose name said certificate of title is registered or by his duly authorized agent or attorney and shall contain or be accompanied by a written declaration that it is made under the penalties of perjury in the second degree, as defined in section 18-8-503, C.R.S. The purchaser or transferee, within thirty days thereafter, shall present such certificate, duly transferred, together with his application for a new certificate of title to the director or one of his authorized agents, accompanied by the fee required in section 38-29-138 to be paid for the issuance of a new certificate of title; whereupon, a new certificate of title shall be issued and disposition thereof made as required in this article.
(1.3) Prior to the sale or transfer of a manufactured home for which a certificate of title has been issued, a holder of a mortgage that is the legal holder of certificate of title shall provide a copy of the certificate of title to any title insurance agent, title insurance company, or financial institution requesting information related to the payoff of the mortgage within fourteen days of the request.
(1.5) The purchaser or transferee of a manufactured home that becomes permanently affixed at an existing site or is transported to a site and is permanently affixed to the ground so that it is no longer capable of being drawn over the public highways shall present a certificate of transfer as required in subsection (1) of this section, together with his or her application for purging a manufactured home title and a certificate of permanent location, to the authorized agent of the county or city or city and county in which such manufactured home is located. The manufactured home shall become real property upon the filing and recording of the certificate of permanent location in accordance with section 38-29-202. The provisions of articles 30 to 44 of this title and of any other law of this state shall be applicable to manufactured homes that have become real property pursuant to this subsection (1.5) and to instruments creating, disposing of, or otherwise affecting such real property wherever such provisions would be applicable to estates, rights, and interests in land or to instruments creating, disposing of, or otherwise affecting estates, rights, and interest in land. The manufactured home for which a Colorado certificate of title has been issued shall continue to be valued and taxed separately from the land on which it sits until such time that the manufactured home becomes real property pursuant to this subsection (1.5).
(1.7) (a) If the conditions set forth in paragraph (b) of this subsection (1.7) are met, the legal holder of the certificate of title, within forty-five days, shall deliver to the title insurance agent who is the settlement agent related to the sale of the manufactured home the certificate of title or evidence that the holder has lost the certificate of title and requested a duplicate from the department. The holder shall mail or otherwise deliver the duplicate certificate of title to the title insurance agent within five business days of receipt from the department. Upon receipt from the holder, the title insurance agent shall present the certificate of title to the person in whose name the certificate of title is issued or his or her authorized agent or attorney to allow such person to execute a formal transfer as required by subsection (1) of this section.
ficate of title to the title insurance agent within five business days of receipt from the department. Upon receipt from the holder, the title insurance agent shall present the certificate of title to the person in whose name the certificate of title is issued or his or her authorized agent or attorney to allow such person to execute a formal transfer as required by subsection (1) of this section.
(b) The provisions of paragraph (a) of this subsection (1.7) shall apply if:
(I) A title insurance agent acts as a settlement agent related to the sale of a manufactured home;
(II) The manufactured home that is sold is the subject of one or more mortgages that have been filed pursuant to section 38-29-128; and
(III) All holders of a mortgage on the manufactured home that have been filed pursuant to section 38-29-128 have been paid in full from the proceeds of the sale.
(2) Any person who violates any of the provisions of subsection (1) of this section commits a class 2 misdemeanor.
(3) Any person who violates the provisions of subsection (1.3) or (1.7) of this section shall be liable to an injured person for any actual economic damages caused by the violation, to be recovered in a civil action in a court of competent jurisdiction.
C.R.S. § 38-29-113 Lost certificates of title
38-29-113. Lost certificates of title. (1) Upon the loss in the mails of any certificate of title to a manufactured home and accompanying papers which may be sent by an authorized agent to the director and upon an appropriate application of the owner or other person entitled to such certificate of title directed to the authorized agent therefor, such certificate of title may be reissued bearing such notations respecting existing mortgages on the home therein described as the records of the authorized agent and of the director may indicate are unreleased and constitute an encumbrance upon the home, which certificate of title shall be issued without charge.
(2) If the holder of any certificate of title loses, misplaces, or accidentally destroys any certificate of title to a manufactured home which he holds whether as the holder of a mortgage or as the owner of the home therein described, upon application therefor to the director, the director may issue a duplicate certificate of title as in other cases.
(3) Upon the issuance of any duplicate certificate of title as provided in this section, the director shall note thereon every mortgage shown to be unreleased and the lien of which is in force and effect as may be disclosed by the records in his office and shall dispose of such certificate as in other cases.
C.R.S. § 38-29-114 New manufactured homes - bill of sale - certificate of title
38-29-114. New manufactured homes - bill of sale - certificate of title. (1) Upon the sale or transfer by a dealer of a new manufactured home, such dealer shall, upon the delivery thereof, make, execute, and deliver to the purchaser or transferee a good and sufficient bill of sale therefor, together with the manufacturer's certificate or statement of origin or the filing of a mortgage by the holder of such mortgage pursuant to section 38-29-128. Said bill of sale shall be affirmed by a statement signed by such dealer and shall contain or be accompanied by a written declaration that it is made under the penalties of perjury in the second degree, as defined in section 18-8-503, C.R.S., and the manufacturer's certificate or statement of origin shall be notarized. Both the bill of sale and the manufacturer's certificate or statement of origin shall be in such form as the director may prescribe, and shall contain, in addition to other information which he may by rule from time to time require, the manufacturer and model of the manufactured home so sold or transferred, the identification number placed upon the home by the manufacturer for identification purposes, the manufacturer's suggested retail price or the retail delivered price, and the date of the sale or transfer thereof, together with a description of any mortgage thereon given to secure the purchase price or any part thereof. Upon presentation of such a bill of sale to the director or one of his authorized agents, a new certificate of title for the home therein described shall be issued and disposition thereof made as in other cases. The transfer of a manufactured home which has been used by a dealer for the purpose of demonstration to prospective customers shall be made in accordance with the provisions of this section.
(2) Any purchaser of a new manufactured home that is transported to a site and permanently affixed to the ground so that it is no longer capable of being drawn over the public highways shall not be required to procure a certificate of title thereto as is otherwise required by this article. The purchaser shall file a certificate of permanent location along with the manufacturer's certificate or statement of origin or its equivalent with the clerk and recorder for the county or city and county in which the new manufactured home is permanently affixed to the ground. The manufactured home shall become real property upon the filing and recording of such documents in accordance with section 38-29-202. The provisions of articles 30 to 44 of this title and of any other law of this state shall be applicable to manufactured homes that have become real property pursuant to this subsection (2) and to instruments creating, disposing of, or otherwise affecting such real property wherever such provisions would be applicable to estates, rights, and interests in land or to instruments creating, disposing of, or otherwise affecting estates, rights, and interests in land.
C.R.S. § 38-29-115 Sale to dealers - certificate need not issue
38-29-115. Sale to dealers - certificate need not issue. Upon the sale or transfer to a dealer of a manufactured home for which a Colorado certificate of title has been issued, formal transfer and delivery of the certificate of title thereto shall be made as in other cases; except that, so long as the home so sold or transferred remains in the dealer's inventory for sale and for no other purpose, such dealer shall not be required to procure the issuance of a new certificate of title thereto as is otherwise required in this article.
C.R.S. § 38-29-116 Transfers by bequest, descent, law
38-29-116. Transfers by bequest, descent, law. Upon the transfer of ownership of a manufactured home by a bequest contained in the will of the person in whose name the certificate of title is registered, or upon the descent and distribution upon the death intestate of the owner of such home, or upon the transfer by operation of law, as in proceedings in bankruptcy, insolvency, replevin, attachment, execution, or other judicial sale, or whenever such manufactured home is sold to satisfy storage or repair charges or repossession is had upon default in the performance of the terms of any mortgage, the director or an authorized agent, upon the surrender of the certificate of title, if the same is available, or upon presentation of such proof of ownership of such home as the director may reasonably require and upon presentation of an application for a certificate of title, as required in section 38-29-107, a new certificate of title may thereupon issue to the person shown by such evidence to be entitled thereto, and disposition shall be made as in other cases.
C.R.S. § 38-29-117 Certificates for manufactured homes registered in other states
38-29-117. Certificates for manufactured homes registered in other states. (1) Whenever any resident of the state acquires the ownership of a manufactured home, located or to be located in the state of Colorado, by purchase, gift, or otherwise, for which a certificate of title has been issued under the laws of a state other than the state of Colorado, the person so acquiring such home upon acquiring the same shall make application to the director or his authorized agent for a certificate of title as in other cases.
(2) If any dealer acquires the ownership by any lawful means whatsoever of a manufactured home, the title to which is registered under the laws of and in a state other than the state of Colorado, such dealer shall not be required to procure a Colorado certificate of title therefor so long as such home remains in the dealer's inventory for sale and for no other purpose.
(3) Upon the sale by a dealer of a manufactured home, the certificate of title to which was issued in a state other than Colorado, the dealer shall immediately deliver to the purchaser or transferee such certificate of title from a state other than Colorado duly and properly endorsed or assigned to the purchaser or transferee, together with the dealer's statement, which shall contain or be accompanied by a written declaration that it is made under the penalties of perjury in the second degree, as defined in section 18-8-503, C.R.S., and which shall set forth the following:
(a) That such dealer has warranted and, by the execution of such affidavit, does warrant to the purchaser or transferee and all persons claiming or who shall claim under, by, or through the named purchaser or transferee that, at the time of the sale, transfer, and delivery thereof by the dealer, the manufactured home therein described was free and clear of all liens and mortgages, except those which might otherwise appear therein;
(b) That the home therein described is not stolen; and
(c) That such dealer had good, sure, and adequate title thereto and full right and authority to sell and transfer the same.
(4) If the purchaser or transferee of the said manufactured home accompanies his application for a Colorado certificate of title to such home with the affidavit required by subsection (3) of this section and the duly endorsed or assigned certificate of title from a state other than Colorado, a Colorado certificate of title therefor may issue in the same manner as upon the sale or transfer of a manufactured home for which a Colorado certificate of title has been issued. Upon the issuance by the director of such certificate of title, he shall dispose of the same as provided in section 38-29-111.
(5) Each dealer, on or before the fifteenth day of each month, on a form to be provided therefor, shall prepare, subscribe, and send to the auto theft division of the Colorado state patrol a complete description of each manufactured home held by such dealer during the preceding calendar month, or any part thereof, the certificate of title to which was issued by a state other than the state of Colorado or which home was registered under the laws of a state other than the state of Colorado and for which no application for a Colorado certificate of title has been made as provided in this section.
description of each manufactured home held by such dealer during the preceding calendar month, or any part thereof, the certificate of title to which was issued by a state other than the state of Colorado or which home was registered under the laws of a state other than the state of Colorado and for which no application for a Colorado certificate of title has been made as provided in this section.
(6) If any person acquires the ownership in a manufactured home for which a certificate of title has been issued under the laws of a state other than the state of Colorado and such home is transported to a site where it is permanently affixed to the ground so that it is no longer capable of being drawn over the public highways, such person shall not be required to procure a new certificate of title as is otherwise required by this article. The owner shall file a certificate of permanent location along with the certificate of title or the manufacturer's certificate or statement of origin or its equivalent with the clerk and recorder for the county or city and county in which the manufactured home is permanently affixed to the ground. The manufactured home shall become real property upon the filing and recording of such documents in accordance with section 38-29-202. The provisions of articles 30 to 44 of this title and of any other law of this state shall be applicable to manufactured homes that have become real property pursuant to this subsection (6) and to instruments creating, disposing of, or otherwise affecting such real property wherever such provisions would be applicable to estates, rights, and interests in land or to instruments creating, disposing of, or otherwise affecting estates, rights, and interests in land.
C.R.S. § 38-29-118 Surrender and cancellation of certificate - purge of certificate - penalty for violation
38-29-118. Surrender and cancellation of certificate - purge of certificate - penalty for violation. (1) The owner of any manufactured home for which a Colorado certificate of title has been issued, upon the destruction or dismantling of said manufactured home or upon its being sold or otherwise disposed of as salvage, shall surrender the owner's certificate of title thereto to the director with the request that such certificate of title be canceled and shall submit a certificate of destruction as set forth in section 38-29-204, and such certificate of title may thereupon be canceled. Any person who violates any of the provisions of this subsection (1) commits a petty offense and, upon conviction thereof, shall be punished as provided in section 18-1.3-503.
(2) The owner of any manufactured home for which a Colorado certificate of title has been issued, upon its being permanently affixed to the ground so that it is no longer capable of being drawn over the public highways, shall surrender his or her certificate of title thereto and file with the authorized agent of the county or city and county in which such manufactured home is located a request for purging of the manufactured home title and a certificate of permanent location. The manufactured home shall become real property upon the filing and recording of the certificate of permanent location in accordance with section 38-29-202. The provisions of articles 30 to 44 of this title and of any other law of this state shall be applicable to manufactured homes that have become real property pursuant to this subsection (2) and to instruments creating, disposing of, or otherwise affecting such real property wherever such provisions would be applicable to estates, rights, and interests in land or to instruments creating, disposing of, or otherwise affecting estates, rights, and interests in land. The manufactured home for which a Colorado certificate of title has been issued shall continue to be valued and taxed separately from the land on which it sits until such time that the manufactured home becomes real property pursuant to this subsection (2).
C.R.S. § 38-29-119 Furnishing bond for certificates
38-29-119. Furnishing bond for certificates. (1) In cases where the applicant for a certificate of title to a manufactured home is unable to provide the director or the director's authorized agent with a certificate of title thereto, duly transferred to such applicant, a bill of sale therefor, or other evidence of the ownership thereof that satisfies the director of the right of the applicant to have a certificate of title issued to him or her, as provided in section 38-29-110, a certificate of title for such home may, nevertheless, be issued by the director upon the applicant therefor furnishing the director with his or her statement, in such form as the director may prescribe. There shall appear a recital of the facts and circumstances by which the applicant acquired the ownership and possession of such home, the source of the title thereto, and such other information as the director may require to enable him or her to determine what liens and encumbrances are outstanding against such manufactured home, if any, the date thereof, the amount secured thereby, where said liens or encumbrances are of public record, if they are of public record, and the right of the applicant to have a certificate of title issued to him or her. In situations involving an abandoned manufactured home located on an applicant's real property, a copy of an order or judgment for possession obtained through a civil eviction proceeding, along with proof of efforts to notify, via certified mail, regular mail, and posting as otherwise required by law, the prior owner of the potential removal or transfer of title of the home, as well as proof of ownership of the real property on which the home is located, shall constitute sufficient evidence of the applicant's right to a certificate of title for the home. The statement shall contain or be accompanied by a written declaration that it is made under the penalties of perjury in the second degree, as defined in section 18-8-503, C.R.S., and shall accompany the formal application for the certificate as required in section 38-29-107.
(2) (a) If, from the affidavit of the applicant and such other evidence as may be submitted to him or her, the director finds that the applicant is the same person to whom a certificate of title for said home has previously been issued or that a certificate of title should be issued to the applicant, such certificate may be issued, in which event disposition thereof shall be made as in other cases. Except as provided by paragraph (b) of this subsection (2), no certificate of title shall be issued as provided in this section unless and until the applicant furnishes evidence of a savings account, deposit, or certificate of deposit meeting the requirements of section 11-35-101, C.R.S., or a good and sufficient bond with a corporate surety, to the people of the state of Colorado, in an amount equal to twice the actual value of the manufactured home according to the assessor's records, as of the time application for the certificate is made, conditioned that the applicant and his or her surety shall hold harmless any person who suffers any loss or damage by reason of the issuance thereof.
(b) An applicant shall not be required to furnish surety pursuant to this subsection (2) for a manufactured home that is twenty-five years old or older, if the applicant:
(I) Provides proof that no property taxes for previous years are due for the manufactured home;
(II) Has had a manufactured home identification inspection performed on the manufactured home; and
(III) Presents the information required in subsection (1) of this section with the title application, accompanied by the written declaration set forth therein.
five years old or older, if the applicant:
(I) Provides proof that no property taxes for previous years are due for the manufactured home;
(II) Has had a manufactured home identification inspection performed on the manufactured home; and
(III) Presents the information required in subsection (1) of this section with the title application, accompanied by the written declaration set forth therein.
(c) If any person suffers any loss or damage by reason of the issuance of the certificate of title as provided in this section, such person shall have a right of action against the applicant and, if applicable, the surety on his or her bond. The person who has suffered a loss or damage may proceed against the applicant, the surety, or against both the applicant and the surety.
C.R.S. § 38-29-120 Where to apply for certificate of title
38-29-120. Where to apply for certificate of title. Except as may be otherwise provided by rule of the director, it is unlawful for any person who is a resident of the state to procure a certificate of title to a manufactured home in any county of this state other than the county in which such home is to be used as a residence. Any person who violates any of the provisions of this section or any rule of the director relating thereto, made pursuant to the authority conferred upon the director in this article 29 commits a class 2 misdemeanor.
C.R.S. § 38-29-121 Altering or using altered certificate
38-29-121. Altering or using altered certificate. Any person who alters or forges or causes to be altered or forged any certificate of title issued by the director pursuant to the provisions of this article, or any written transfer thereof, or any other notation placed thereon by the director or under his or her authority respecting the mortgaging of the manufactured home therein described or who uses or attempts to use any such certificate for the transfer thereof, knowing the same to have been altered or forged, commits a class 6 felony and shall be punished as provided in section 18-1.3-401, C.R.S.
C.R.S. § 38-29-122 Substitute manufactured home identification numbers - inspection
38-29-122. Substitute manufactured home identification numbers - inspection. (1) Any person required to make an application for a certificate of title to a manufactured home shall use the identification number placed upon the home by the manufacturer thereof or an identification number assigned to the home by the department. The certificate of title issued by the department shall use the identification number assigned to the manufactured home.
(2) On and after February 25, 1954, the identification number provided for in this section shall be accepted in lieu of any serial number provided for by law prior to said date.
(3) (a) The department may designate a manufactured home identification inspector to physically inspect a manufactured home in order to verify the following information: The identification number, the make of the manufactured home, the year of manufacture of the manufactured home, and such other information as may be required by the department. A manufactured home identification inspector may charge a fee for the inspection; except that such fee shall not exceed the reasonable costs related to the inspection. A manufactured home identification inspector shall notify the owner of the amount of the fee before commencing any verification activities. If the manufactured home identification inspector determines that the manufactured home identification number has been removed, changed, altered, or obliterated, the owner shall request that the department assign a distinguishing number to the manufactured home pursuant to section 38-29-123.
(b) The department may designate one or more of the following persons to be a manufactured home identification inspector charged with the functions set forth in paragraph (a) of this subsection (3):
(I) An authorized agent as defined in section 38-29-102 (1) or a person designated by such agent;
(II) A Colorado law enforcement officer;
(III) A person registered to sell manufactured homes pursuant to section 24-32-3323, C.R.S.; or
(IV) A county assessor.
C.R.S. § 38-29-123 Assignment of a special manufactured home identification number by the department of revenue
38-29-123. Assignment of a special manufactured home identification number by the department of revenue. The department is authorized to assign a distinguishing number to any manufactured home whenever there is no identifying number thereon or such number has been destroyed, obliterated, or mutilated. In such cases, the department shall provide a form on which the distinguishing number has been assigned to the manufactured home. The distinguishing number shall be affixed to the manufactured home in the door frame or fuse box or as determined by the department. The distinguishing number shall then be the manufactured home identification number. Such manufactured home shall be titled under such distinguishing number in lieu of the former number or absence thereof, or in the event that the manufactured home is affixed to the ground so that it is no longer capable of being drawn over the public highways, the owner shall file the form provided by the department on which the distinguishing number has been assigned with the clerk and recorder for the county or city and county in which the manufactured home is located. The clerk and recorder shall file and record such form in his or her office.
C.R.S. § 38-29-124 Amended certificate to issue, when
38-29-124. Amended certificate to issue, when. If the owner of any manufactured home for which a Colorado certificate of title has been issued replaces any part of said home on which appears the identification number or symbol described in the certificate of title and by which said home is known and identified, by reason whereof such identification number or symbol no longer appears thereon, or incorporates the part containing the identification number or symbol into a manufactured home other than the one for which the original certificate of title was issued, immediately thereafter, such owner shall make application to the director or one of his authorized agents for an assigned identification number and an amended certificate of title to such manufactured home.
C.R.S. § 38-29-125 Security interests upon manufactured homes
38-29-125. Security interests upon manufactured homes. (1) Except as provided in this section, the provisions of the "Uniform Commercial Code", title 4, C.R.S., relating to the filing, recording, releasing, renewal, and extension of mortgages, as the term is defined in section 38-29-102 (9), shall not be applicable to manufactured homes. Any mortgage intended by the parties thereto to encumber or create a lien on a manufactured home, to be effective as a valid lien against the rights of third persons, purchasers for value without notice, mortgagees, or creditors of the owner, shall be filed for public record and the fact thereof noted on the owner's certificate of title or bill of sale substantially in the manner provided in section 38-29-128; and the filing of such mortgage with the authorized agent and the notation by him of that fact on the certificate of title or bill of sale substantially in the manner provided in section 38-29-128 shall constitute notice to the world of each and every right of the person secured by such mortgage.
(2) The provisions of this section and section 38-29-128 shall not apply to any mortgage or security interest upon any manufactured home held for sale or lease which constitutes inventory as defined in section 4-9-102, C.R.S. As to such mortgages or security interests, the provisions of article 9 of title 4, C.R.S., shall apply, and perfection of such mortgages or security interests shall be made pursuant thereto, and the rights of the parties shall be governed and determined thereby.
C.R.S. § 38-29-126 Existing mortgages not affected
38-29-126. Existing mortgages not affected. Nothing in this article shall be construed to impair the rights of the holder of any lien on a manufactured home created by mortgage or otherwise prior to August 1, 1949, which remains unreleased and the undertaking which the lien thereof secures remains undischarged. Nothing in this article shall be construed to relieve the holders of such liens of the duty to file such instruments respecting the undertakings secured thereby as may be required by law to preserve the liens of such mortgages unimpaired.
C.R.S. § 38-29-127 Foreign mortgages
38-29-127. Foreign mortgages. No mortgage on a manufactured home, filed for record in any state other than the state of Colorado, shall be valid and enforceable against the rights of subsequent purchasers for value, creditors, or mortgagees having no actual notice of the existence thereof. If the certificate of title for such home, whether issued under the laws of this state or any other state, bears thereon any notation adequate to apprise a purchaser, creditor, or mortgagee of the existence of such mortgage at the time any third party acquires a right in the manufactured home covered thereby, such mortgage and the rights of the holder thereof shall be enforceable in this state the same and with like effect as though such mortgage were filed in the state of Colorado and noted on the certificate of title in the manner prescribed in section 38-29-128.
C.R.S. § 38-29-128 Filing of mortgage
38-29-128. Filing of mortgage. The holder of any mortgage on a manufactured home desiring to secure to himself the rights provided for in this article and to have the existence of the mortgage and the fact of the filing thereof for public record noted on the certificate of title to the manufactured home thereby encumbered shall present said mortgage or a duly executed copy or certified copy thereof and the certificate of title to the manufactured home encumbered to the authorized agent of the director in the county or city and county in which the manufactured home is located. Upon the receipt of said mortgage or executed copy or certified copy thereof and certificate of title, the authorized agent, if he is satisfied that the manufactured home described in the mortgage is the same as that described in the certificate of title, shall make and subscribe a certificate to be attached or stamped on the mortgage and on the certificate of title, in which shall appear the day and hour on which said mortgage was received for filing, the name and address of the mortgagee therein named and the name and address of the holder of such mortgage, if such person is other than the mortgagee named, the amount secured thereby, the date thereof, the day and year on which said mortgage was filed for public record, and such other information regarding the filing thereof in the office of the authorized agent as may be required by the director by rule, to which certificate the authorized agent shall affix his signature and the seal of his office.
C.R.S. § 38-29-129 Disposition of mortgages by agent
38-29-129. Disposition of mortgages by agent. (1) The authorized agent upon receipt of the mortgage shall file the same in his office separately and apart from records affecting real property and personal property, other than manufactured homes, which he may by law be required to keep. Such mortgage shall be appropriately indexed and cross-indexed:
(a) Under one or more of the following headings in accordance with such rules and regulations relating thereto as may be adopted by the director:
(I) Manufacturer, manufacturer's number, or serial number of manufactured homes mortgaged;
(II) The numbers of the certificates of title for manufactured homes mortgaged;
(b) Under the name of the mortgagee, the holder of such mortgage, or the owner of such mortgaged home; or
(c) Under such other system as the director may devise and determine to be necessary for the efficient administration of this article.
(2) All records of mortgages affecting manufactured homes shall be public and may be inspected and copies thereof made, as is provided by law respecting public records affecting real property.
C.R.S. § 38-29-130 Disposition after mortgaging
38-29-130. Disposition after mortgaging. Within forty-eight hours after a mortgage on a manufactured home has been filed in his office, the authorized agent shall mail to the director the certificate of title or bill of sale on which he has affixed his certificate respecting the filing of such mortgage. Upon the receipt thereof, the director shall note, on records to be kept and maintained by him in his office, the fact of the existence of the mortgage on such manufactured home and other information respecting the date thereof, the date of filing, the amount secured by the lien thereof, the name and address of the mortgagee and of the holder of the mortgage, if such person is other than the mortgagee, and such other information relating thereto as appears in the certificate of the authorized agent affixed to the certificate of title or bill of sale. The director shall thereupon issue a new certificate of title containing, in addition to the other matters and things required to be set forth in certificates of title, a description of the mortgage and all information respecting said mortgage and the filing thereof as may appear in the certificate of the authorized agent, and he shall thereafter dispose of said new certificate of title containing said notation as provided in section 38-29-111.
C.R.S. § 38-29-131 Release of mortgages
38-29-131. Release of mortgages. (1) Upon the payment or discharge of the undertaking secured by any mortgage on a manufactured home that has been filed for record and noted on the certificate of title in the manner prescribed in section 38-29-128, the legal holder of the certificate of title, in a place to be provided therefor, shall make and execute such notation of the discharge of the obligation and release of the mortgage securing the same and set forth therein such facts concerning the right of the holder to so release said mortgage as the director may require by appropriate rule, which satisfaction and release shall be affirmed by a statement signed by the legal holder of the certificate of title and shall contain or be accompanied by a written declaration that it is made under the penalties of perjury in the second degree, as defined in section 18-8-503, C.R.S. Thereupon, except as otherwise provided in section 38-29-112 (1.7), the holder of the mortgage so released shall dispose of the certificate of title as follows:
(a) If it appears from an examination of the certificate of title that the manufactured home therein described is subject to an outstanding junior mortgage or mortgages filed for record subsequent to August 1, 1949, the holder shall deliver the certificate of title to the person so shown to be the holder of the mortgage which was filed earliest in point of time after the filing of the mortgage released or to the person or agent of the person shown to be the assignee or other legal holder of the undertaking secured thereby or shall mail the same to such mortgagee or holder thereof at his address as the same thereon appears. If such certificate is returned unclaimed, it shall thereupon be mailed to the director.
(b) If it appears from an examination of the certificate of title that there are no other outstanding mortgages against the manufactured home therein described, filed for record subsequent to August 1, 1949, upon the release of such mortgage as provided in this section, the holder thereof shall deliver the certificate of title to the owner of the home therein described or shall mail the same to him at his address as the same may therein appear. If for any reason said certificate of title is not delivered to the owner of the home therein described or is returned unclaimed upon the mailing thereof, it shall thereupon be mailed to the director.
C.R.S. § 38-29-132 New certificate upon release of mortgage
38-29-132. New certificate upon release of mortgage. Upon the release of any mortgage on a manufactured home, filed for record in the manner prescribed in section 38-29-128, the owner of the home encumbered by such mortgage, the purchaser from or transferee of the owner thereof as appears on the certificate of title, or the holder of any mortgage the lien of which was junior to the lien of the mortgage released, whichever the case may be, upon the receipt of the certificate of title, as provided in section 38-29-131, shall deliver the same to the authorized agent who shall transmit the same to the director as in other cases. Upon the receipt by the director of the certificate of title bearing thereon the release and satisfaction of mortgage referred to in section 38-29-131, he shall make such notation on the records in his office as shall show the release of the lien of such mortgage, shall issue a new certificate of title to the manufactured home therein described, omitting therefrom all reference to the mortgage so released, and shall dispose of the new certificate of title in the manner prescribed in other cases.
C.R.S. § 38-29-133 Duration of lien of mortgage - extensions
38-29-133. Duration of lien of mortgage - extensions. (1) The duration of the lien of any mortgage on a manufactured home shall be for the full term of the mortgage, but the lien of the mortgage may be extended beyond the original term thereof for successive three-year periods during the term of the mortgage or any extension thereof upon the holder thereof presenting the certificate of title, on which the existence of the mortgage has been noted, to the authorized agent of the county wherein said mortgage is filed, together with a notarized written request for an extension of the mortgage or a written request that is made under the penalties of perjury in the second degree, as defined in section 18-8-503, C.R.S., in which shall appear a description of the undertaking secured, to what extent it has been discharged or remains unperformed, and such other and further information respecting the same as may be required by appropriate rule of the director to enable him or her to properly record such extension upon the director's records.
(2) Upon receipt of a mortgage extension, the authorized agent shall make and complete a record of the extension and shall issue a new certificate of title on which the extension of the mortgage is noted. Thereafter the newly issued certificate of title shall be returned to the person shown thereon to be entitled thereto, the same as in other cases. If a mortgage noted on the certificate of title has not been released or extended after its maturity date, the owner of the manufactured home described in the certificate of title may request that any references to the mortgages shown on the records of the authorized agent be removed, and upon the request, the authorized agent shall remove such references.
C.R.S. § 38-29-134 Priority of mortgages
38-29-134. Priority of mortgages. The liens of mortgages filed for record and noted on a certificate of title to a manufactured home, as provided in sections 38-29-128 and 38-29-135, shall take priority in the same order that the mortgages creating such liens were filed in the office of the authorized agent.
C.R.S. § 38-29-135 Second or other junior mortgages
38-29-135. Second or other junior mortgages. (1) On and after July 1, 1977, any person who takes a second or other junior mortgage on a manufactured home for which a Colorado certificate of title has been issued may file said mortgage for public record and have the existence thereof noted on the certificate of title with like effect as in other cases, in the manner prescribed in this section.
(2) Such second or junior mortgagee or the holder thereof shall file said mortgage with the authorized agent of the county wherein the manufactured home is located and shall accompany said mortgage with a written request to have the existence thereof noted on the certificate of title to the manufactured home covered thereby, subscribed by such mortgagee or holder, in which shall appear the names and addresses of the holders of all outstanding mortgages against the home described in said second or junior mortgage and the name and address of the person in possession of the certificate of title thereto. Upon the filing of such mortgage, the authorized agent shall note thereon the day and hour on which such mortgage was received by him and shall make and deliver a receipt therefor to the person filing the same.
(3) The authorized agent, by registered mail, return receipt requested, shall make a written demand on the holder of the certificate of title, addressed to such person at his address as the same may appear in said written request, that such certificate be delivered to the authorized agent for the purpose of having noted thereon such second or junior mortgage. Within fifteen days after the receipt of such demand, the person holding such certificate shall either mail or deliver the same to such authorized agent or, if he no longer has possession thereof, shall so notify the agent and, if he knows, shall likewise inform him where and from whom such certificate may be procured. Upon the receipt of such certificate, the authorized agent shall complete his application for a new title and record the number thereof on the mortgage, as in the case of a first mortgage, and shall thereafter transmit the current certificate of title and application for a new certificate of title to the director. Upon the receipt thereof, the director, as in the case of a first mortgage, shall thereupon issue a new certificate of title on which the existence of all mortgages on the manufactured home, including such second or junior mortgage, have been noted, which certificate he shall dispose of as in other cases.
(4) If any person lawfully in possession of a certificate of title to any manufactured home upon whom demand is made for the delivery thereof to the authorized agent omits, for any reason whatsoever, to deliver or mail the same to the authorized agent, such person shall be liable to the holder of such second or junior mortgage for all damage sustained by reason of such omission.
C.R.S. § 38-29-136 Validity of mortgage between parties
38-29-136. Validity of mortgage between parties. Nothing in this article shall be construed to impair the validity of a mortgage on a manufactured home between the parties thereto as long as no purchaser for value, mortgagee, or creditor without actual notice of the existence thereof has acquired an interest in the manufactured home described therein, notwithstanding that the parties to said mortgage have failed to comply with the provisions of this article.
C.R.S. § 38-29-137 Mechanics', warehouse, and other liens
38-29-137. Mechanics', warehouse, and other liens. Nothing in this article shall be construed to impair the rights of lien claimants arising under any mechanics' lien law in force and effect in this state or the lien of any warehouseman or any other person claimed for repairs on or storage of any manufactured home, when a mechanic's lien or storage lien has originated prior to the time any mortgage on said manufactured home has been filed for record, as provided in section 38-29-125, and such manufactured home has remained continuously in the possession of the person claiming such mechanic's lien or lien for storage, notwithstanding that no notation of such lien is made upon the certificate of title to the home in respect of which it is claimed.
C.R.S. § 38-29-138 Fees
38-29-138. Fees. (1) (a) Upon filing with the authorized agent any application for a certificate of title, the applicant shall pay to the agent a fee of seven dollars and twenty cents, which shall be disposed pursuant to section 42-6-138, C.R.S.
(b) Repealed.
(2) Upon the receipt by the authorized agent of any mortgage for filing under the provisions of section 38-29-128, the agent shall be paid such fees as are prescribed by law for the filing of like instruments in the office of the county clerk and recorder in the county or city and county in which such mortgage is filed and shall receive, in addition, a fee of seven dollars and twenty cents for the issuance or recording of the certificate of title and the notation of the existence of said mortgage.
(3) Upon application to the authorized agent to have noted on a certificate of title the extension of any mortgage therein described and noted thereon, such authorized agent shall receive a fee of one dollar and fifty cents.
(4) Upon the release and satisfaction of any mortgage and upon application to the authorized agent for the notation thereof on the certificate of title in the manner prescribed in section 38-29-131, such authorized agent shall be paid a fee of seven dollars and twenty cents, which shall be disposed pursuant to section 42-6-138, C.R.S.
(5) For the issuance of any duplicate certificate of title, except as may be otherwise provided in this article, the agent shall be paid a fee of eight dollars and twenty cents, and, in all cases in which the department assigns a new identifying number to any manufactured home, the fee charged for such assignment shall be three dollars and fifty cents.
(6) The fees provided for in subsections (1) and (2) of this section shall not apply to the issuance of a certificate of title for a tax-deferred mobile home pursuant to the provisions of section 39-3.5-105 (1)(b)(II), C.R.S.
C.R.S. § 38-29-139 Disposition of fees
38-29-139. Disposition of fees. (1) All fees received by the authorized agent under the provisions of section 38-29-138 (1) and (2), upon application being made for a certificate of title, shall be disposed of pursuant to section 42-6-138 (1), C.R.S.
(2) All fees collected by the authorized agent under the provisions of section 38-29-138 (5) shall be disposed of pursuant to section 42-6-138 (2), C.R.S.
(3) All fees paid to the authorized agent under section 38-29-138 (3) for the filing or extension of any mortgage on a manufactured home filed in his or her office shall be kept and retained by said agent to defray the cost thereof and shall be disposed of by him or her as provided by law; except that fees for this service that may be paid to the authorized agent in the city and county of Denver shall, by such agent, be disposed of in the same manner as fees retained by him or her that were paid upon application being made for a certificate of title.
C.R.S. § 38-29-140 Director's records to be public
38-29-140. Director's records to be public. All records in the director's office pertaining to the title to any manufactured home shall be public records and shall be subject to the provisions of section 42-1-206, C.R.S. This shall include any records regarding ownership of and mortgages on any manufactured home for which a Colorado certificate of title has been issued.
C.R.S. § 38-29-141 Penalties
38-29-141. Penalties. (1) No person may:
(a) Sell, transfer, or in any manner dispose of a manufactured home in this state without complying with the requirements of this article.
(b) (Deleted by amendment, L. 89, p. 1573, § 8, effective January 1, 1990.)
(2) Any person who violates any of the provisions of subsection (1) of this section for which no other penalty is expressly provided commits a class 2 misdemeanor.
C.R.S. § 38-29-141.5 False oath
38-29-141.5. False oath. Any person who makes any application for a certificate of title, written transfer thereof, satisfaction and release, oath, affirmation, affidavit, statement, report, or deposition required to be made or taken under any of the provisions of this article and who, upon such application, transfer, satisfaction and release, oath, affirmation, affidavit, statement, report, or deposition, swears or affirms willfully and falsely in a matter material to any issue, point, or subject matter in question, in addition to any other penalties provided in this article, is guilty of perjury in the second degree, as defined in section 18-8-503, C.R.S.
C.R.S. § 38-29-142 Repossession of manufactured home - owner must notify law enforcement agency - penalty
38-29-142. Repossession of manufactured home - owner must notify law enforcement agency - penalty. (1) If any mortgagee or his assignee or the agent of either repossesses a manufactured home because of default in the terms of a mortgage, the mortgagee or his assignee shall notify, either verbally or in writing, a law enforcement agency, as provided in this section, of the fact of such repossession, the name of the owner, and the name of the mortgagee or assignee. Such notification shall be made not later than twelve hours after the repossession occurs. If such repossession takes place in an incorporated city or town, the notification shall be made to the police department, town marshal, or other local law enforcement agency of such city or town, and, if such repossession takes place in the unincorporated area of a county, the notification shall be made to the county sheriff.
(2) Any mortgagee of a manufactured home or his assignee who violates the provisions of this section is guilty of a misdemeanor and, upon conviction thereof, shall be punished by a fine of not less than fifty dollars nor more than one hundred dollars.
C.R.S. § 38-29-143 Change of location - penalty
38-29-143. Change of location - penalty. (1) The owner shall file notice of any change of location within the county with the county assessor and the county treasurer or change of location from one county to another county with the county assessor and the county treasurer of each county within twenty days after such change of location occurs. For the purposes of this subsection (1), "owner" shall mean the owner at the time of the change of location.
(2) Any person who fails to file notice of any change of location as required by subsection (1) of this section is guilty of a misdemeanor traffic offense and, upon conviction thereof, shall be punished by a fine of not less than one hundred dollars nor more than one thousand dollars. This shall be a strict liability offense.
C.R.S. § 38-29-201 Verification of application form - supporting materials
38-29-201. Verification of application form - supporting materials. (1) In all instances under part 1 of this article in which an application for a certificate of title is filed with an authorized agent pursuant to section 38-29-107, the authorized agent, in his or her capacity as the clerk and recorder, shall file and record the documents set forth in subsection (2) of this section in his or her office.
(2) (a) For an application for a certificate of title for a new manufactured home, the following documents shall be filed and recorded:
(I) The manufacturer's certificate or statement of origin or its equivalent; and
(II) (Deleted by amendment, L. 2009, (SB 09-040), ch. 9, p. 67, § 8, effective July 1, 2009.)
(III) The verification of application form.
(b) For an application for a certificate of title for which a bond is furnished pursuant to section 38-29-119 (2), the following documents shall be filed and recorded:
(I) A copy of the written declaration required pursuant to section 38-29-119 (1);
(II) A copy of the bond that was furnished; and
(III) The verification of application form.
(c) For all other applications for a certificate of title, the following documents shall be filed and recorded:
(I) A copy of the certificate of title presented to the authorized agent, if any; and
(II) The verification of application form.
(3) A verification of application form shall comply with the federal "Driver's Privacy Protection Act of 1994", 18 U.S.C. sec. 2721 et seq.
C.R.S. § 38-29-202 Certificate of permanent location
38-29-202. Certificate of permanent location. (1) (a) If a manufactured home is permanently affixed to the ground so that it is no longer capable of being drawn over the public highways on or after July 1, 2008, the owner of the manufactured home shall file a certificate of permanent location.
(b) If the certificate of permanent location accompanies an application for purging a manufactured home title pursuant to section 38-29-112 (1.5) or 38-29-118 (2), the certificate shall be filed with the authorized agent for the county or city and county in which the manufactured home is located. For a manufactured home that occupies real property subject to a long-term lease that has an express term of at least ten years, a copy of the lease shall be filed along with the certificate. The authorized agent, in his or her capacity as the clerk and recorder, shall file and record the certificate of permanent location and, if applicable, the copy of the long-term lease in his or her office.
(c) If the certificate of permanent location is received in accordance with section 38-29-114 (2) or 38-29-117 (6), the certificate shall be filed with the clerk and recorder for the county or city and county in which the manufactured home is located. For a manufactured home that occupies real property subject to a long-term lease that has an express term of at least ten years, a copy of the lease shall be filed along with the certificate. The clerk and recorder shall file and record the certificate of permanent location, a copy of the bill of sale, a copy of the manufacturer's certificate or statement of origin or its equivalent, and, if applicable, the copy of the long-term lease in his or her office and destroy the original manufacturer's certificate or statement of origin or its equivalent.
(d) At least one of the owners of the manufactured home, as reflected on the certificate of title, the bill of sale, or the manufacturer's certificate or statement of origin or its equivalent, must be an owner of record of the real property to which the manufactured home is to be affixed or permanently located; except that this paragraph (d) shall not apply to any manufactured home that occupies real property subject to a long-term lease that has an express term of at least ten years.
(2) The property tax administrator shall establish the form of the certificate of permanent location. In addition to any other information that the administrator may require, the certificate shall include the following:
(a) The name and mailing address of the owner of the manufactured home;
(b) The name and mailing address of any holder of a mortgage on the manufactured home or on the real property to which the home has been affixed;
(c) The identification number of the manufactured home and the certificate of title number, if applicable;
(d) The manufacturer or make and year of the manufactured home;
(e) Attached to the certificate of permanent location, a certificate of taxes due, or an authentication of paid ad valorem taxes, issued by the county treasurer of the county in which the manufactured home is located;
(f) The legal description of the real property to which the manufactured home has been permanently affixed;
(g) The name of the legal owner or owners of the land upon which the home is affixed;
(h) The county or city and county in which the certificate of permanent location is filed;
(i) Verification that the manufactured home is permanently affixed to the ground so that it is no longer capable of being drawn over the public highways in accordance with any applicable county or city and county codes or requirements;
(j) Consent to the permanent location of the manufactured home by all holders of a security interest in the manufactured home;
(k) An affirmative statement of relinquishment and release of all rights in the manufactured home by all holders of a security interest in the manufactured home;
n over the public highways in accordance with any applicable county or city and county codes or requirements;
(j) Consent to the permanent location of the manufactured home by all holders of a security interest in the manufactured home;
(k) An affirmative statement of relinquishment and release of all rights in the manufactured home by all holders of a security interest in the manufactured home;
(l) An affirmative statement of relinquishment of all rights in the manufactured home by any owner on the certificate of title of the manufactured home who is not also an owner of the real property to which the manufactured home is to be affixed or permanently located. The provisions of this paragraph (l) shall not apply to any manufactured home that occupies real property subject to a long-term lease that has an express term of at least ten years.
(l.5) For any manufactured home that occupies real property subject to a long-term lease that has an express term of at least ten years, an affirmative statement that all owners of the real property and the manufactured home consent to the affixation of the manufactured home to the real property and an acknowledgment that, upon such affixation and upon the filing and recording of the certificate of permanent location, the manufactured home will become a part of the real property, subject to the reversion of the manufactured home to the owners of the home upon termination of the long-term lease; and
(m) An affirmative statement that all owners of the real property and the manufactured home consent to the affixation of the manufactured home to the real property and an acknowledgment that upon such affixation and upon the filing and recording of the certificate of permanent location the manufactured home will become a part of the real property and ownership shall be vested only in the title owners of the real property. Ownership in the manufactured home shall vest in the same parties and be subject to the same tenancies, encumbrances, liens, limitations, restrictions, and estates as the real property to which the manufactured home is affixed or permanently located. The provisions of this paragraph (m) shall not apply to any manufactured home that occupies real property subject to a long-term lease that has an express term of at least ten years.
(3) The certificate of permanent location shall be acknowledged and shall contain or be accompanied by a written declaration that the statements made therein are made under the penalties of perjury in the second degree, as defined in section 18-8-503, C.R.S.
C.R.S. § 38-29-203 Certificate of removal
38-29-203. Certificate of removal. (1) (a) On or after July 1, 2008, a manufactured home shall not be removed from its permanent location unless the owner of the manufactured home files a certificate of removal. If a certificate of permanent location has not been previously filed and recorded for the manufactured home, the owner shall also file an affidavit of real property, described in section 38-29-208, along with the certificate of removal.
(b) The certificate of removal and the affidavit of real property, if any, along with the application for a new certificate of title required in part 1 of this article, shall be filed with the authorized agent for the county or city and county in which the manufactured home is located. The authorized agent, in his or her capacity as the clerk and recorder, shall file and record the certificate of removal and the affidavit of real property in his or her office.
(2) The property tax administrator shall establish the form of the certificate of removal. In addition to any other information that the administrator may require, the certificate shall include the following:
(a) The name and mailing address of the owner of the manufactured home;
(b) The name and mailing address of any holder of a mortgage on or lien against the real property on which the manufactured home was affixed or permanently located;
(c) The identification number of the manufactured home;
(d) The manufacturer or make and year of the manufactured home;
(e) Attached to the certificate of removal, a certificate of taxes due, or an authentication of paid ad valorem taxes, issued by the county treasurer of the county in which the manufactured home is located;
(f) The legal description of the real property from which the manufactured home was removed; and
(g) Consent of all lienholders and a release by all holders of a mortgage, only to the extent that the mortgage or lien applies to the manufactured home, to allow the removal of the manufactured home from its permanent location.
(2.5) (a) The provisions of this section shall apply to a manufactured home that occupies real property subject to a long-term lease that has an express term of at least ten years, except as set forth in paragraph (b) of this subsection (2.5).
(b) A landlord evicting a tenant who owns a manufactured home that occupies real property subject to a long-term lease that has an express term of at least ten years may cause the home to be removed from its permanent location without the owner first filing a certificate of removal if, within twenty days after such removal, the landlord files a certificate of removal accompanied by a copy of the notice of judgment or order for possession allowing the eviction of the home and the address of the location to which the home has been moved. Such certificate of removal shall comply with subsection (5) of this section and include the information required in subsection (2) of this section; except that paragraphs (e) and (g) of said subsection (2) shall not apply. The landlord shall file the certificate of removal and the additional information with the authorized agent for the county or city and county from which the manufactured home was removed.
(3) The consent of a mortgage or other lienholder on the certificate of removal shall serve as a full release of any interest against the manufactured home once the manufactured home is removed from the real property. The consent on the certificate of removal shall not release any interest of the mortgage or lienholder against the remaining real property.
which the manufactured home was removed.
(3) The consent of a mortgage or other lienholder on the certificate of removal shall serve as a full release of any interest against the manufactured home once the manufactured home is removed from the real property. The consent on the certificate of removal shall not release any interest of the mortgage or lienholder against the remaining real property.
(4) If consent of any mortgagee or lienholder is not given, the owner may file a corporate surety bond or any other undertaking with the clerk of the district court of the county in which the real property to which the manufactured home was affixed is situated. The bond or undertaking shall be in an amount equal to one and one-half times the amount of the mortgage or lien and shall be approved by a judge of the district court with which the bond or undertaking is filed. The bond or undertaking shall be conditioned that, if the mortgagee or lienholder shall be finally adjudged to be entitled to recover upon the mortgage or lien, the principal or his sureties shall pay to the mortgagee or lienholder the amount of the indebtedness together with any interest, costs, and other sums which the mortgagee or lienholder would be entitled to recover upon foreclosure of the mortgage or lien. Upon the filing of a bond or undertaking, the mortgage or lien against the property shall be forthwith discharged and released in full, and the real property described in the bond or undertaking shall be released from the mortgage or lien and from any action brought to foreclose the mortgage or lien, and the bond or undertaking shall be substituted. The clerk of the district court with which the bond or undertaking has been filed shall issue a certificate of release that shall be recorded in the office of the clerk and recorder of the county in which the real property to which the manufactured home was affixed is situated, and the certificate of release shall show that the property has been released from the mortgage or lien and from any action brought to foreclose the mortgage or lien.
(5) The certificate of removal shall be acknowledged and shall contain or be accompanied by a written declaration that the statements made therein are made under the penalties of perjury in the second degree, as defined in section 18-8-503, C.R.S.
C.R.S. § 38-29-204 Certificate of destruction
38-29-204. Certificate of destruction. (1) (a) If a manufactured home is destroyed, dismantled, or sold or otherwise disposed of as salvage on or after July 1, 2008, the owner of the manufactured home or the person on whose real property the manufactured home is situated shall file a certificate of destruction.
(b) If the certificate of destruction accompanies an application to cancel a certificate of title pursuant to section 38-29-118 (1), the certificate shall be filed with the authorized agent for the county or city and county in which the manufactured home is or was located. The authorized agent, in his or her capacity as the clerk and recorder, shall file and record the certificate of destruction in his or her office.
(c) If an application to cancel a certificate of title is not required pursuant to section 38-29-118 (1) because no certificate of title was ever issued or because the title has been purged, the certificate of destruction shall be filed with the county clerk and recorder for the county or city and county in which the manufactured home is or was located. The clerk and recorder shall file and record the certificate of destruction in his or her office.
(d) (I) Notwithstanding any other provision of law, if a manufactured home has been deemed materially dangerous or materially hazardous, pursuant to local building or health codes by a governmental entity, the person on whose real property the manufactured home is situated may file and record a certificate of destruction without attaching a certificate of taxes due or an authentication of paid ad valorem taxes and without surrendering a certificate of title or filing an application to cancel a certificate of title. Any certificate of destruction filed and recorded pursuant to this paragraph (d) shall be accompanied by the evidence of violation.
(II) The certificate of destruction and the evidence of violation shall be filed and recorded with the clerk and recorder for the county or city and county in which the manufactured home is or was located. The clerk and recorder shall file and record the certificate of destruction and the evidence of violation in his or her office.
(III) For purposes of this paragraph (d):
(A) "Evidence of violation" means a notice and order from a governmental entity that a manufactured home has been deemed materially dangerous or materially hazardous pursuant to local building or health codes and that all applicable cure periods have expired.
(B) "Governmental entity" means any federal agency, the state, or any county, town, city, or city and county.
(2) The property tax administrator shall establish the form of the certificate of destruction. In addition to any other information that the administrator may require, the certificate shall include the following:
(a) The name and mailing address of the owner of the manufactured home;
(b) The name and mailing address of each holder of a security interest in the manufactured home and all holders of a lien against the real property on which the manufactured home was affixed or permanently located;
(c) The identification number of the manufactured home;
(d) The manufacturer or make and year of the manufactured home;
(e) Attached to the certificate of destruction, a certificate of taxes due, or an authentication of paid ad valorem taxes, issued by the county treasurer of the county in which the manufactured home is located;
(f) The legal description of the real property on which the manufactured home was affixed or permanently located prior to destruction;
(g) A book and page or reception number reference for a certificate of permanent location that was previously filed related to the manufactured home, if any;
ad valorem taxes, issued by the county treasurer of the county in which the manufactured home is located;
(f) The legal description of the real property on which the manufactured home was affixed or permanently located prior to destruction;
(g) A book and page or reception number reference for a certificate of permanent location that was previously filed related to the manufactured home, if any;
(h) Consent of all lienholders to the destruction of the manufactured home, or proof that a request for such consent was sent by certified mail to such lienholders, along with proof that a copy of the request for such consent was mailed to the owner if the certificate of destruction is filed by the person on whose real property the manufactured home is situated, at their last-known address and a notarized declaration, signed under penalty of perjury, that no response was received from any such lienholders within thirty days of the date of the mailing of the notice;
(i) Release of all holders of a mortgage to the extent that the mortgage applies to the manufactured home, or proof that a request for such consent was sent by certified mail to such mortgage holders at their last-known address and a notarized declaration, signed under penalty of perjury, that no response was received within thirty days of the date of the mailing of the notice; and
(j) Verification that the manufactured home has been destroyed, dismantled, or sold or otherwise disposed of as salvage.
(3) The certificate of destruction shall be acknowledged and shall contain or be accompanied by a written declaration that the statements made therein are made under the penalties of perjury in the second degree, as defined in section 18-8-503, C.R.S.
(4) Any owner or person on whose real property the manufactured home is situated who fails to file a properly completed certificate of destruction when required pursuant to this section shall be responsible for all actual damages sustained by any affected party related to the manufactured home being destroyed, dismantled, or sold or otherwise disposed of as salvage.
C.R.S. § 38-29-205 Authorized agent - forward to the clerk and recorder
38-29-205. Authorized agent - forward to the clerk and recorder. If an authorized agent who receives a document for filing and recording pursuant to this part 2 is not the clerk and recorder for the county or city and county, the authorized agent shall forward such document to the clerk and recorder, for the clerk and recorder to file and record the document in his or her office.
C.R.S. § 38-29-206 Recorded documents - index
38-29-206. Recorded documents - index. Any document filed and recorded by a clerk and recorder pursuant to this part 2 shall be indexed in both the grantor and grantee indexes under the name of the owner or owners of the manufactured home and the owners of the land to which the manufactured home was affixed or permanently located at the time the document is required to be filed and recorded.
C.R.S. § 38-29-207 Copy of certificates to assessor
38-29-207. Copy of certificates to assessor. The clerk and recorder shall forward a copy of a certificate of permanent location, certificate of removal, and certificate of destruction to the assessor for the county or city and county.
C.R.S. § 38-29-208 Affidavit of real property
38-29-208. Affidavit of real property. (1) Any person can prove that a manufactured home and the land upon which it has been permanently affixed is real property by filing an affidavit of real property with the clerk and recorder for the county or city and county in which the manufactured home is located. The clerk and recorder shall file and record the affidavit of real property in his or her office. Except as otherwise set forth in subsection (2) of this section, the affidavit of real property shall include the following:
(a) An acknowledged statement by all owners that the manufactured home and real property to which the manufactured home is permanently affixed became real property pursuant to this article;
(b) A statement from the county assessor that the manufactured home has been valued together with the land upon which it is affixed;
(c) A statement from the county treasurer that taxes have been paid on the manufactured home and the land upon which it is affixed in the same manner as other real property, as that term is defined in section 39-1-102 (14), C.R.S.;
(d) Proof that a search of the director's records pursuant to section 42-1-206, C.R.S., was conducted and that no certificate of title was found for the manufactured home; and
(e) Verification that the manufactured home is permanently affixed to the ground in accordance with any applicable county or city and county codes or requirements so that it is no longer capable of being drawn over the public highways.
(2) If a manufactured home occupies real property subject to a long-term lease that has an express term of at least ten years, then the affidavit of real property shall include the following:
(a) A copy of the applicable long-term lease;
(b) A statement from the county treasurer that taxes have been paid separately on the manufactured home and the land upon which it is affixed; and
(c) The items set forth in paragraphs (a), (d), and (e) of subsection (1) of this section.
C.R.S. § 38-29-209 Fees - disposition
38-29-209. Fees - disposition. (1) In all instances in which a document is to be filed and recorded pursuant to this part 2, the authorized agent or clerk and recorder, as the case may be, shall be paid such fees for each document so filed and recorded as are prescribed by law for the filing of like instruments in the office of the county clerk and recorder.
(2) The recording fees authorized by this section are in addition to any fees that are required pursuant to section 38-29-138.
(3) All fees paid pursuant to this section shall be kept and retained by the authorized agent or the clerk and recorder to defray the cost thereof and shall be disposed of by him or her as provided by law.
Source: Open US Law by Vaquill AI (CC BY 4.0)URL: https://leg.colorado.gov/sites/default/files/images/olls/crs2024-title-38.docxFetched: 10/6/2026