Mo. Rev. Stat. ch. 548

Mo. Rev. Stat. ch. 548
in effect

Mo. Rev. Stat. § 548.011 Definitions.

548.011. Definitions. — Where appearing in this chapter: (1) The term "executive authority" includes the governor, and any person performing the functions of governor in a state other than this state; (2) The term "governor" includes any person performing the functions of governor by authority of the law of this state; (3) The terms "judge" , "magistrate" , and "judge of any court of record" include a judge of the supreme court or of the court of appeals, a circuit judge, and an associate circuit judge, but do not include a municipal judge; (4) The term "state" , referring to a state other than this state, includes any other state or territory, organized or unorganized, of the United States of America. (L. 1953 p. 425 § 1, A.L. 1978 H.B. 1634) Effective 1-02-79

Mo. Rev. Stat. § 548.021 Fugitives from justice, duty of governor.

548.021. Fugitives from justice, duty of governor. — Subject to the provisions of this chapter, the provisions of the Constitution of the United States controlling, and any and all acts of congress enacted in pursuance thereof, it is the duty of the governor of this state to have arrested and delivered up to the executive authority of any other state of the United States any person charged in that state with treason, felony or other crime, who has fled from justice and is found in this state. (L. 1953 p. 425 § 2)

Mo. Rev. Stat. § 548.031 Form of demand.

548.031. Form of demand. — No demand for the extradition of a person charged with crime in another state shall be recognized by the governor unless in writing alleging, except in cases arising under section 548.061 , that the accused was present in the demanding state at the time of the commission of the alleged crime, and that thereafter he fled from the state, and accompanied by a copy of an indictment found or by information supported by affidavit made before an associate circuit judge there, together with a copy of any warrant which was issued thereupon, or by a copy of a judgment of conviction or of a sentence imposed in execution thereof, together with a statement by the executive authority of the demanding state that the person claimed has escaped from confinement or has broken the terms of his bail, probation or parole. The indictment, information or affidavit made before the associate circuit judge must substantially charge the person demanded with having committed a crime under the law of that state; and the copy of indictment, information, affidavit, judgment of conviction or sentence must be authenticated by the executive authority making the demand. (L. 1953 p. 425 § 3) (1953) Where requisition was accompanied by affidavit as required by 18 U.S.C.A. § 3182, it was sufficient even though not accompanied by indictment or information. Hayes v. O'Connell (A.), 263 S.W.2d 66. (1954) Failure of foreign state's demand to allege that accused was in the foreign state at time alleged crime was committed or that he fled therefrom held not to invalidate rendition warrant in view of federal constitution and statutes. 18 U.S.C.A. § 3182. Ex parte Arrington (Mo.), 270 S.W.2d 39. (1957) Before governor may honor requisition of another state, these facts must appear; (1) that the person sought is demanded as a fugitive from justice; (2) that the demanding governor has produced a copy of an indictment charging person sought with a crime; and (3) that such copy has been certified as authentic. Hagel v. Hendrix (A.), 302 S.W.2d 323. (1994) Governor's role in evaluating extradition requests and issuing arrest warrants is judicial in nature and duties of extradition officer for governor are quasi-judicial in nature, therefore, both governor and extradition officer are entitled to absolute immunity from suit. White v. Armontrout, 29 F.3d 357 (8th Cir.).

Mo. Rev. Stat. § 548.041 Governor may require investigation.

548.041. Governor may require investigation. — When a demand shall be made upon the governor of this state by the executive authority of another state for the surrender of a person so charged with crime, the governor may call upon the attorney general or any prosecuting officer in this state to investigate or assist in investigating the demand, and to report to him the situation and circumstances of the person so demanded, and whether he ought to be surrendered. (L. 1953 p. 425 § 4)

Mo. Rev. Stat. § 548.051 Extradition of persons imprisoned or charged in another state or who have ...

548.051. Extradition of persons imprisoned or charged in another state or who have left demanding state under compulsion. — 1. When it is desired to have returned to this state a person charged in this state with a crime, and such person is imprisoned or is held under criminal proceedings then pending against him in another state, the governor of this state may agree with the executive authority of such other state for the extradition of such person before the conclusion of such proceedings or his term of sentence in such other state, upon condition that such person be returned to such other state at the expense of this state as soon as the prosecution in this state is terminated. 2. The governor of this state may also surrender on demand of the executive authority of any other state any person in this state who is charged in the manner provided in section 548.231 with having violated the laws of the state whose executive authority is making the demand, even though such person left the demanding state involuntarily. (L. 1953 p. 425 § 5)

Mo. Rev. Stat. § 548.061 Extradition of persons not present in demanding state at time of commission ...

548.061. Extradition of persons not present in demanding state at time of commission of crime. — The governor of this state may also surrender, on demand of the executive authority of any other state, any person in this state charged in such other state in the manner provided in section 548.031 with committing an act in this state, or in a third state, intentionally resulting in a crime in the state whose executive authority is making the demand, and the provisions of this chapter not otherwise inconsistent shall apply to such cases, even though the accused was not in that state at the time of the commission of the crime, and has not fled therefrom. (L. 1953 p. 425 § 6)

Mo. Rev. Stat. § 548.071 Issue of governor's warrant of arrest - its recitals.

548.071. Issue of governor's warrant of arrest — its recitals. — If the governor decides that the demand should be complied with, he shall sign a warrant of arrest, which shall be sealed with the state seal, and be directed to any peace officer or other person whom he may think fit to entrust with the execution thereof. The warrant must substantially recite the facts necessary to the validity of its issuance. (L. 1953 p. 425 § 7)

Mo. Rev. Stat. § 548.081 Manner and place of execution.

548.081. Manner and place of execution. — Such warrant shall authorize the peace officer or other person to whom directed to arrest the accused at any time and any place where he may be found within the state and to command the aid of all peace officers or other persons in the execution of the warrant, and to deliver the accused, subject to the provisions of this chapter, to the duly authorized agent of the demanding state. (L. 1953 p. 425 § 8)

Mo. Rev. Stat. § 548.091 Authority of arresting officer.

548.091. Authority of arresting officer. — Every such officer or other person empowered to make the arrest, shall have the same authority, in arresting the accused, to command assistance therein, as peace officers have by law in the execution of any criminal process directed to them, with like penalties against those who refuse their assistance. (L. 1953 p. 425 § 9)

Mo. Rev. Stat. § 548.101 Rights of accused person - application for writ of habeas corpus.

548.101. Rights of accused person — application for writ of habeas corpus. — No person arrested upon such warrant shall be delivered over to the agent whom the executive authority demanding him shall have appointed to receive him unless he shall first be taken forthwith before a judge of a court of record in this state, who shall inform him of the demand made for his surrender and of the crime with which he is charged, and that he has the right to demand and procure legal counsel; and if the prisoner or his counsel shall state that he or they desire to test the legality of his arrest, the judge of such court of record shall fix a reasonable time to be allowed him within which to apply for a writ of habeas corpus. When such writ is applied for, notice thereof, and of the time and place of hearing thereon, shall be given to the prosecuting officer of the county in which the arrest is made and in which the accused is in custody, and to the said agent of the demanding state. (L. 1953 p. 425 § 10) (1962) Writ of prohibition issued to prevent circuit court from exercising further jurisdiction in habeas corpus proceeding wherein petitioner challenged extradition proceedings on ground of unconstitutionality of foreign statute under which he was charged. State ex rel. Anderson v. Weinstein (Mo.), 359 S.W.2d 355.

Mo. Rev. Stat. § 548.111 Penalty for noncompliance with section 548.101.

548.111. Penalty for noncompliance with section 548.101. — Any officer who shall deliver to the agent for extradition of the demanding state a person in his custody under the governor's warrant, in willful disobedience to section 548.101 , shall be guilty of a misdemeanor and, on conviction, shall be punished by a fine of not more than one thousand dollars or by imprisonment in the county jail not exceeding six months, or by both such fine and imprisonment. (L. 1953 p. 425 § 11)

Mo. Rev. Stat. § 548.121 Confinement in jail when necessary.

548.121. Confinement in jail when necessary. — 1. The officer or persons executing the governor's warrant of arrest, or the agent of the demanding state to whom the prisoner may have been delivered, may, when necessary, confine the prisoner in the jail of any county or city through which he may pass; and the keeper of such jail must receive and safely keep the prisoner until the officer or person having charge of him is ready to proceed on his route, such officer or person being chargeable with the expense of keeping. 2. The officer or agent of a demanding state to whom a prisoner may have been delivered following extradition proceedings in another state, or to whom a prisoner may have been delivered after waiving extradition in such other state, and who is passing through this state with such a prisoner for the purpose of immediately returning such prisoner to the demanding state may, when necessary, confine the prisoner in the jail of any county or city through which he may pass; and the keeper of such jail must receive and safely keep the prisoner until the officer or agent having charge of him is ready to proceed on his route, such officer or agent, however, being chargeable with the expense of keeping; provided, however, that such officer or agent shall produce and show to the keeper of such jail satisfactory written evidence of the fact that he is actually transporting such prisoner to the demanding state after a requisition by the executive authority of such demanding state. Such prisoner shall not be entitled to demand a new requisition while in this state. (L. 1953 p. 425 § 12)

Mo. Rev. Stat. § 548.131 Arrest prior to requisition.

548.131. Arrest prior to requisition. — Whenever any person within this state shall be charged on the oath of any credible person before any judge or associate circuit judge of this state with the commission of any crime in any other state and, except in cases arising under section 548.061 , with having fled from justice, or with having been convicted of a crime in that state and having escaped from confinement, or having broken the terms of his bail, probation or parole, or whenever complaint shall have been made before any judge or associate circuit judge in this state setting forth on the affidavit of any credible person in another state that a crime has been committed in such other state and that the accused has been charged in such state with the commission of the crime, and, except in cases arising under section 548.061 , has fled from justice, or with having been convicted of a crime in that state and having escaped from confinement, or having broken the terms of his bail, probation or parole, and is believed to be in this state, the judge or associate circuit judge shall issue a warrant directed to any peace officer commanding him to apprehend the person named therein, wherever he may be found in this state, and to bring him before the same or any other judge, associate circuit judge or court who or which may be available in or convenient of access to the place where the arrest may be made, to answer the charge or complaint and affidavit, and a certified copy of the sworn charge or complaint and affidavit upon which the warrant is issued shall be attached to the warrant, provided that when a complaint shall be made against any person under the terms of this chapter, the judge or associate circuit judge shall take from the prosecutor a bond, to the clerk of the court, with sufficient security, to secure the payment of the costs and expenses which may accrue by occasion of the arrest and detention of the party charged, which bond shall be certified and returned, with the examination, to the office of the circuit clerk and when any such recognizance shall be forfeited, it shall inure to the benefit of the state. (L. 1953 p. 425 § 13, A.L. 1978 H.B. 1634) Effective 1-02-79

Mo. Rev. Stat. § 548.141 Arrest without a warrant.

548.141. Arrest without a warrant. — The arrest of a person may be lawfully made also by any peace officer or a private person, without a warrant upon reasonable information that the accused stands charged in the courts of a state with a crime punishable by death or imprisonment for a term exceeding one year, but when so arrested the accused must be taken before a judge or associate circuit judge with all practicable speed and complaint must be made against him under oath setting forth the ground for the arrest as in section 548.131 ; and thereafter his answer shall be heard as if he had been arrested on a warrant. (L. 1953 p. 425 § 14)

Mo. Rev. Stat. § 548.151 Commitment to await requisition - bail.

548.151. Commitment to await requisition — bail. — If from the examination before the judge or associate circuit judge it appears that the person held is the person charged with having committed the crime alleged and, except in cases arising under section 548.061 , that he has fled from justice, the judge or associate circuit judge must, by a warrant reciting the accusation, commit him to the county jail for such a time not exceeding thirty days and specified in the warrant, as will enable the arrest of the accused to be made under a warrant of the governor on a requisition of the executive authority of the state having jurisdiction of the offense, unless the accused give bail as provided in section 548.161 or until he shall be legally discharged. (L. 1953 p. 425 § 15) (1954) Where court committed accused for fifteen days under § 548.151 and then recommitted him for another fifteen days under § 548.171, its power was spent and no further commitment could be made. Christopher v. Tozer (A.), 263 S.W.2d 864.

Mo. Rev. Stat. § 548.161 Bail - in what cases - conditions of bond.

548.161. Bail — in what cases — conditions of bond. — Unless the offense with which the prisoner is charged is shown to be an offense punishable by death or life imprisonment under the laws of the state in which it was committed, a judge or associate circuit judge in this state may admit the person arrested to bail by bond, with sufficient sureties, and in such sum as he deems proper, conditioned for his appearance before him at a time specified in such bond, and for his surrender, to be arrested upon the warrant of the governor of this state. (L. 1953 p. 425 § 16) CROSS REFERENCE: Recognizances taken in court record, others in writing, 544.050

Mo. Rev. Stat. § 548.171 Extension of time of commitment - adjournment.

548.171. Extension of time of commitment — adjournment. — If the accused is not arrested under warrant of the governor by the expiration of the time specified in the warrant or bond, a judge or associate circuit judge may discharge him or may recommit him for a further period not to exceed sixty days, or a judge or associate circuit judge may again take bail for his appearance and surrender, as provided in section 548.161 , but within a period not to exceed sixty days after the date of such new bond. (L. 1953 p. 425 § 17) (1954) Where court committed accused for fifteen days under § 548.151 and then recommitted him for another fifteen days under § 548.171, its power was spent and no further commitment could be made. Christopher v. Tozer (A.), 263 S.W.2d 864.

Mo. Rev. Stat. § 548.181 Forfeiture of bail.

548.181. Forfeiture of bail. — If the prisoner is admitted to bail, and fails to appear and surrender himself according to the conditions of his bond, the judge, or associate circuit judge by proper order, shall declare the bond forfeited and order his immediate arrest without warrant if he be within the state. Recovery may be had on such bond in the name of the state as in the case of other bonds given by the accused in criminal proceedings within this state. (L. 1953 p. 425 § 18)

Mo. Rev. Stat. § 548.191 Persons under criminal prosecution in this state at time of requisition.

548.191. Persons under criminal prosecution in this state at time of requisition. — If a criminal prosecution has been instituted against such person under the laws of this state and is still pending, the governor, in his discretion, either may surrender him on demand of the executive authority of another state or hold him until he has been tried and discharged or convicted and punished in this state. (L. 1953 p. 425 § 19)

Mo. Rev. Stat. § 548.201 Guilt or innocence of accused when inquired into.

548.201. Guilt or innocence of accused when inquired into. — The guilt or innocence of the accused as to the crime of which he is charged may not be inquired into by the governor or in any proceeding after the demand for extradition accompanied by a charge of crime in legal form as provided in section 548.191 shall have been presented to the governor, except as it may be involved in identifying the person held as the person charged with the crime. (L. 1953 p. 425 § 20) (1953) Question of mistaken identity, while a defense to charge of crime, may not be considered on habeas corpus where person in custody is admittedly person charged therewith. Hayes v. O'Connell (A.), 263 S.W.2d 66. (1974) Held that failure to have an affidavit made before a magistrate was not grounds for refusal to extradite. Held also that extradition should have been denied because of failure of affidavit to substantially charge him with commission of a crime. Application of Evans (A.), 512 S.W.2d 238.

Mo. Rev. Stat. § 548.211 Governor may recall warrant or issue alias.

548.211. Governor may recall warrant or issue alias. — The governor may recall his warrant of arrest or may issue another warrant whenever he deems proper. (L. 1953 p. 425 § 21)

Mo. Rev. Stat. § 548.221 Fugitives from this state - duty of governor.

548.221. Fugitives from this state — duty of governor. — Whenever the governor of this state shall demand a person charged with crime or with escaping from confinement or breaking the terms of his bail, probation or parole in this state, from the executive authority of any other state, or from the chief justice or an associate justice of the supreme court of the District of Columbia authorized to receive such demand under the laws of the United States, he shall issue a warrant under the seal of this state, to some agent, commanding him to receive the person so charged if delivered to him and convey him to the proper officer of the county in this state in which the offense was committed. (L. 1953 p. 425 § 22)

Mo. Rev. Stat. § 548.231 Application for issuance of requisition - by whom made - contents.

548.231. Application for issuance of requisition — by whom made — contents. — 1. When the return to this state of a person charged with crime in this state is required, the prosecuting attorney shall present to the governor his written application for a requisition for the return of the person charged, in which application shall be stated the name of the person so charged, the crime charged against him, the approximate time, place and circumstances of its commission, the state in which he is believed to be, including the location of the accused therein, at the time the application is made and certifying that, in the opinion of the said prosecuting attorney the ends of justice require the arrest and return of the accused to this state for trial and that the proceeding is not instituted to enforce a private claim. 2. When the return to this state is required of a person who has been convicted of a crime in this state and has escaped from confinement or broken the terms of his bail, probation or parole, the prosecuting attorney of the county in which the offense was committed, the parole board, or the warden of the institution or sheriff of the county, from which escape was made, shall present to the governor a written application for a requisition for the return of such person, in which application shall be stated the name of the person, the crime of which he was convicted, the circumstances of his escape from confinement or of the breach of the terms of his bail, probation or parole, the state in which he is believed to be, including the location of the person therein at the time application is made. 3. The application shall be verified by affidavit, shall be executed in duplicate and shall be accompanied by two certified copies of the indictment returned, or information and affidavit filed, or of the complaint made to the judge or associate circuit judge, stating the offense with which the accused is charged, or of the judgment of conviction or of the sentence. The prosecuting officer, parole board, warden or sheriff may also attach such further affidavits and other documents in duplicate as he shall deem proper to be submitted with such application. One copy of the application, with the action of the governor indicated by endorsement thereon, and one of the certified copies of the indictment, complaint, information and affidavits, or of the judgment of conviction or of the sentence shall be filed in the office of the secretary of state, to remain of record in that office. The other copies of all papers shall be forwarded with the governor's requisition. (L. 1953 p. 425 § 23)

Mo. Rev. Stat. § 548.241 Costs and expenses.

548.241. Costs and expenses. — 1. All necessary and proper expenses accruing under section 548.221 , upon being ascertained to the satisfaction of the governor, shall be allowed on his certificate and paid out of the state treasury as other demands against the state. 2. All necessary and proper expenses accruing as a result of a person being returned to this state pursuant to the provisions of section 548.243 or 217.810 shall be allowed and paid out of the state treasury as if the person were being returned to this state pursuant to section 548.221 . (L. 1953 p. 425 § 24, A.L. 1957 p. 378, A.L. 1971 S.B. 163, A.L. 1983 H.B. 713 Revision, A.L. 1984 S.B. 611, A.L. 1994 H.B. 1491 & 1134 merged with S.B. 508) Effective 7-01-94

Mo. Rev. Stat. § 548.243 Waiver of extradition - costs, how paid - return of person, by whom.

548.243. Waiver of extradition — costs, how paid — return of person, by whom. — In any criminal proceeding wherein a court in this state has issued a warrant for the arrest of a person and that person was arrested in any other state, territory, or possession of the United States and that person waives extradition and consents to return to this state, the sheriff of the county where the warrant was issued may contract with an agent for the return of such person to this state, or the sheriff or his deputy may return such person to this state. All necessary expenses which would be paid by the state if there had been extradition, incurred by the sheriff, his deputy or an authorized agent in returning the person shall be paid to the sheriff by the state regardless of the ultimate disposition of the criminal proceedings. Such costs after such payment shall be taxed against the person and recovered by the entity paying the same, unless the person is acquitted of the criminal offense charged. (L. 1969 H.B. 52 § 1, A.L. 1978 S.B. 792, A.L. 1983 H.B. 713 Revision, A.L. 1985 H.B. 698, A.L. 1994 H.B. 1491 & 1134 merged with S.B. 508) Effective 7-01-94

Mo. Rev. Stat. § 548.251 Immunity from service of process in certain civil actions.

548.251. Immunity from service of process in certain civil actions. — A person brought into this state by, or after waiver of, extradition based on a criminal charge shall not be subject to service of personal process in civil actions arising out of the same facts as the criminal proceedings to answer which he is being or has been returned, until he has been convicted in the criminal proceeding, or, if acquitted, until he has had reasonable opportunity to return to the state from which he was extradited. (L. 1953 p. 425 § 25) (1954) Where husband was extradited into this state on criminal charge of nonsupport of wife and child, process served upon him in divorce action pending prosecution on the criminal charge was void and conferred no jurisdiction of the action. State ex rel. Stipec v. Owen (A.), 271 S.W.2d 864.

Mo. Rev. Stat. § 548.260 Written waiver of extradition proceedings.

548.260. Written waiver of extradition proceedings. — 1. Any person arrested in this state charged with having committed any crime in another state or alleged to have escaped from confinement, or broken the terms of his bail, probation or parole may waive the issuance and service of the warrant provided for in sections 548.071 and 548.081 and all other procedure incidental to extradition proceedings, by executing or subscribing in the presence of a judge of any court of record within this state a writing which states that he consents to return to the demanding state; provided, however, that before such waiver shall be executed or subscribed by such person it shall be the duty of such judge to inform such person of his rights to the issuance or service of a warrant of extradition and to obtain a writ of habeas corpus as provided in section 548.101 . 2. If and when such consent has been duly executed it shall forthwith be forwarded to the office of the governor of this state and filed therein. The judge shall direct the officer having such person in custody to deliver forthwith such person to the duly accredited agent or agents of the demanding state, and shall deliver or cause to be delivered to such agent or agents a copy of such consent; provided, however, that nothing in this section shall be deemed to limit the rights of the accused person to return voluntarily and without formality to the demanding state, nor shall this waiver procedure be deemed to be an exclusive procedure or to limit the powers, rights or duties of the officers of the demanding state or of this state. (L. 1953 p. 425 § 26)

Mo. Rev. Stat. § 548.270 Nonwaiver by this state.

548.270. Nonwaiver by this state. — Nothing in this chapter contained shall be deemed to constitute a waiver by this state of its right, power or privilege to try such demanded person for crime committed within this state, or of its right, power or privilege to regain custody of such person by extradition proceedings or otherwise for the purpose of trial, sentence or punishment for any crime committed within this state, nor shall any proceedings had under this chapter which result in, or fail to result in, extradition be deemed a waiver by this state of any of its rights, privileges or jurisdiction in any way whatsoever. (L. 1953 p. 425 § 27)

Mo. Rev. Stat. § 548.280 No right of asylum - no immunity from other criminal prosecution while in ...

548.280. No right of asylum — no immunity from other criminal prosecution while in this state. — After a person has been brought back to this state by, or after waiver of extradition proceedings, he may be tried in this state for other crimes which he may be charged with having committed here as well as that specified in the requisition for his extradition. (L. 1953 p. 425 § 28)

Mo. Rev. Stat. § 548.290 Interpretation.

548.290. Interpretation. — The provisions of this chapter shall be so interpreted and construed as to effectuate the general purposes to make uniform the law of those states which enact it. (L. 1953 p. 425 § 29)

Mo. Rev. Stat. § 548.300 Short title.

548.300. Short title. — This chapter may be cited as the "Uniform Criminal Extradition Law". (L. 1953 p. 425 § 32)
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