Va. Code Ann. tit. 63.2, ch. 18

Va. Code Ann. tit. 63.2, ch. 18
in effect

Va. Code Ann. § 63.2-1800 Licensure requirements

A. Each license shall indicate whether the facility is licensed to provide residential living care or residential living and assisted living care. B. Any facility licensed exclusively as an assisted living facility shall not use in its title the words "convalescent," "health," "hospital," "nursing," "sanatorium," or "sanitarium," nor shall such words be used to describe the facility in brochures, advertising, or other marketing material. No facility shall advertise or market a level of care that it is not licensed to provide. Nothing in this subsection shall prohibit the facility from describing services available in the facility. C. Upon initial application for a license, any person applying to operate an assisted living facility who has not previously owned or managed or does not currently own or manage such a facility shall be required to undergo training by the Commissioner. The training programs shall focus on health and safety regulations and resident rights as they pertain to assisted living facilities and shall be completed by the owner or administrator prior to the granting of an initial license. Such training shall be required of those owners and currently employed administrators of an assisted living facility at the time of initial application for a license. The Commissioner may also approve training programs provided by other entities and allow owners or administrators to attend such approved training programs in lieu of training by the Commissioner. The Commissioner may also approve for licensure applicants who meet requisite experience criteria as established by the Board. The Commissioner may, at his discretion, issue a license conditioned upon the owner or administrator's completion of the required training. D. For the purpose of facilitating the prompt restoration of electrical service and prioritization of customers during widespread power outages, the Commissioner shall notify on a quarterly basis all electric utilities serving customers in Virginia as to the location of all assisted living facilities licensed in the Commonwealth. The requirements of this subsection shall be met if the Commissioner maintains such information on an electronic database accessible by electric utilities serving customers in Virginia. Code 1950, § 63-23.1; 1954, c. 259; 1968, c. 578, § 63.1-175; 1972, c. 540; 1973, c. 227; 1979, c. 461; 1981, c. 222; 1983, c. 153; 1991, c. 532; 1992, c. 666; 1993, cc. 957, 993; 1994, c. 686 ; 1999, c. 964 ; 2000, cc. 178 , 203 ; 2002, c. 747 ; 2004, c. 304 .

Va. Code Ann. § 63.2-1801 Access to assisted living facilities by community services boards and behavioral health authorities

All assisted living facilities shall provide reasonable access to staff or contractual agents of community services boards or behavioral health authorities as defined in § 37.2-100 for the purposes of (i) assessing or evaluating, (ii) providing case management or other services or assistance, or (iii) monitoring the care of individuals receiving services who are residing in the facility. Such staff or contractual agents also shall be given reasonable access to other facility residents who have previously requested their services. Code 1950, § 63-224; 1954, c. 259; 1968, c. 578, § 63.1-177; 1973, c. 227; 1979, c. 73; 1988, cc. 61, 151; 1991, c. 532; 1992, c. 666; 1993, cc. 957, 993; 1999, c. 964 ; 2000, c. 130 ; 2002, c. 747 ; 2005, c. 716 ; 2012, cc. 476 , 507 .

Va. Code Ann. § 63.2-1802 Safe, secure environments for residents with serious cognitive impairments

A. Assisted living facilities may provide safe, secure environments for residents with serious cognitive impairments due to a primary psychiatric diagnosis of dementia if they comply with the Board's regulations governing such placement. The Board's regulations shall define (i) serious cognitive impairment, which shall include, but not be limited to, an assessment by a clinical psychologist licensed to practice in the Commonwealth or by a physician and (ii) safe, secure environment. B. Prior to placing a resident with a serious cognitive impairment due to a primary psychiatric diagnosis of dementia in a safe, secure environment, an assisted living facility shall obtain the written approval of one of the following persons, in the specified order of priority: (i) the resident, if capable of making an informed decision; (ii) a guardian or legal representative for the resident; however, such an appointment shall not be required in order that written approval may be obtained; (iii) a relative authorized pursuant to the Board's regulations to act as the resident's representative; or (iv) an independent physician who is skilled and knowledgeable in the diagnosis and treatment of dementia, if a guardian, legal representative or relative is unavailable. Such written approval shall be retained in the resident's file. C. The Board of Social Services shall amend 22VAC40-73-1130 governing staffing of units of assisted living facilities with residents who have serious cognitive impairment due to a primary psychiatric diagnosis of dementia and are unable to recognize danger or protect their own safety and welfare to require that the following number of direct care staff members be awake and on duty and responsible for the care and supervision of the residents at all times during night hours: 1. When 22 or fewer residents are present, at least two direct care staff members; 2. When 23 to 32 residents are present, at least three direct care staff members; 3. When 33 to 40 residents are present, at least four direct care staff members; and 4. When more than 40 residents are present, at least four direct care staff members plus at least one additional direct care staff member for every 10 residents or portion thereof in excess of 40 residents. Nothing in this subsection shall apply to the provisions of 22VAC40-73-280. Code 1950, § 63-223; 1954, c. 259; 1968, c. 578, § 63.1-174; 1973, c. 227; 1991, c. 532; 1993, cc. 957, 993; 1995, c. 649 ; 1997, c. 397 ; 2000, cc. 804 , 808 , 845 ; 2001, c. 161 ; 2002, cc. 332 , 747 ; 2003, c. 467 ; 2019, cc. 97 , 294 .

Va. Code Ann. § 63.2-1803 Staffing of assisted living facilities

A. An administrator of an assisted living facility shall be licensed as an assisted living facility administrator by the Virginia Board of Long-Term Care Administrators pursuant to Chapter 31 (§ 54.1-3100 et seq.) of Title 54.1. However, an administrator of an assisted living facility licensed for residential living care only shall not be required to be licensed. Any person meeting the qualifications for a licensed nursing home administrator under § 54.1-3103 shall be deemed qualified to (i) serve as an administrator of an assisted living facility or (ii) serve as the administrator of both an assisted living facility and a licensed nursing home, provided the assisted living facility and licensed nursing home are part of the same building. B. If a licensed assisted living facility administrator dies, resigns, is discharged, or becomes unable to perform his duties, the assisted living facility shall immediately employ a licensed administrator or appoint an acting administrator who is qualified by education for an approved administrator-in-training program and has a minimum of one year of administrative or supervisory experience in a health care or long-term care facility, or has completed such a program and is awaiting licensure. The facility shall give immediate notice to the regional licensing office of the Department of Social Services and to the Board of Long-Term Care Administrators that the licensed administrator died, resigned, was discharged, or became unable to perform his duties and shall provide the last date of employment of the licensed administrator. When an acting administrator is named, he shall notify the Department of his employment and, if intending to assume the position permanently, submit a completed application for an approved administrator-in-training program to the Board of Long-Term Care Administrators within 10 days of employment. An assisted living facility may be operated by an acting administrator for no more than 150 days, or not more than 90 days if the acting administrator has not applied for licensure, from the last date of employment of the licensed administrator. C. The Department may grant an extension of up to 30 days in addition to the 150 days from the last date of employment of a licensed administrator if the acting administrator has applied for licensure as a long-term care administrator pursuant to Chapter 31 (§ 54.1-3100 et seq.) of Title 54.1, has completed the administrator-in-training program, and is awaiting the results of the national examination. If a 30-day extension is granted, the acting administrator shall immediately submit written notice to the Board of Long-Term Care Administrators. In no case shall an assisted living facility be operated with an acting administrator for more than 180 days, including the 30-day extension, from the last date of employment of a licensed administrator. D. No assisted living facility shall operate under the supervision of an acting administrator pursuant to § 54.1-3103.1 and this section more than two times during any two-year period unless authorized to do so by the Department. Determinations regarding authorization to operate under the supervision of an acting administrator for more than two times in any two-year period shall be made by the Department on a case-by-case basis. E. The assisted living facility shall have adequate, appropriate, and sufficient staff to provide services to attain and maintain (i) the physical, mental and psychosocial well-being of each resident as determined by resident assessments and individual plans of care and (ii) the physical safety of the residents on the premises. Upon admission and upon request, the assisted living facility shall provide in writing a description of the types of staff working in the facility and the services provided, including the hours such services are available. Code 1950, §§ 63-222, 63-223; 1954, c. 259; 1968, c. 578, §§ 63.1-172, 63.1-174; 1972, c. 718; 1973, c. 227; 1975, c. 437; 1977, c. 105; 1985, cc. 17, 518; 1991, c. 532; 1992, c. 356; 1993, cc. 957, 993; 1994, c. 107 ; 1995, c. 649 ; 1997, c. 397 ; 1998, cc. 552 , 850 ; 2000, cc. 804 , 808 , 845 ; 2001, c. 161 ; 2002, c. 747 ; 2003, c. 467 ; 2005, cc. 610 , 924 ; 2011, c. 609 ; 2019, c. 448 .

Va. Code Ann. § 63.2-1803.1 Assisted Living Facility Education, Training, and Technical Assistance Fund established

There is hereby created in the state treasury a special nonreverting fund to be known as the Assisted Living Facility Education, Training, and Technical Assistance Fund, hereafter referred to as "the Fund." The Fund shall be established on the books of the Comptroller. All penalties directed to this fund by subdivision B 4 of § 63.2-1709.2 and all other funds from any public or private source directed to the Fund shall be paid into the state treasury and credited to the Fund. Interest earned on moneys in the Fund shall remain in the Fund and be credited to it. Any moneys remaining in the Fund, including interest thereon, at the end of each fiscal year shall not revert to the general fund but shall remain in the Fund. Moneys in the Fund shall be used solely for the purpose of providing education and training for staff of and technical assistance to assisted living facilities to improve the quality of care in such facilities. Expenditures and disbursements from the Fund shall be made by the State Treasurer on warrants issued by the Comptroller upon written request signed by the Commissioner. 2005, cc. 610 , 924 .

Va. Code Ann. § 63.2-1803.01 Possession or administration of cannabis oil

Assisted living facility staff members who are authorized to possess, distribute, or administer medications to residents in accordance with the facility's written plan for medication management shall be permitted to store, dispense, or administer cannabis oil to a resident who has been issued a valid written certification for the use of cannabis oil in accordance with § 4.1-1601 and has registered with the Board of Directors of the Virginia Cannabis Control Authority. 2020, c. 846 ; 2023, cc. 740 , 773 .

Va. Code Ann. § 63.2-1804 Uniform assessment instrument

A uniform assessment instrument setting forth a resident's care needs shall be completed for all residents upon admission and at subsequent intervals as determined by regulations promulgated by the Commissioner of the Department for Aging and Rehabilitative Services. No uniform assessment instrument shall be required to be completed upon admission if a uniform assessment instrument was completed by a case manager or other qualified assessor within ninety days prior to such admission to the assisted living facility unless there has been a change in the resident's condition within that time which would affect the admission. Uniform assessment instruments shall not be required to be completed more often than once every twelve months on individuals residing in assisted living facilities except that uniform assessment instruments shall be completed whenever there is a change in the resident's condition that appears to warrant a change in the resident's approved level of care. At the request of the assisted living facility, the resident's representative, the resident's physician, the Department or the local department, an independent assessment, using the uniform assessment instrument shall be completed to determine whether the resident's care needs are being met in the current placement. The resident's case manager or other qualified assessor shall complete the uniform assessment instrument for public pay residents or, upon request by the private pay resident, for private pay residents. Unless a private pay resident requests the uniform assessment instrument be completed by a case manager or other qualified assessor, qualified staff of the assisted living facility or an independent private physician may complete the uniform assessment instrument for private pay residents; however, for private pay residents, social and financial information which is not relevant because of the resident's payment status shall not be required. The cost of administering the uniform assessment instrument pursuant to this section shall be borne by the entity designated pursuant to regulations promulgated by the Commissioner of the Department for Aging and Rehabilitative Services. Upon receiving the uniform assessment instrument prior to admission of a resident, the assisted living facility administrator shall provide written assurance that the facility has the appropriate license to meet the care needs of the resident at the time of admission. 1993, cc. 957, 993, § 63.1-173.3; 1995, c. 649 ; 2002, c. 747 ; 2014, c. 284 .

Va. Code Ann. § 63.2-1805 Admissions and discharge; mandatory minimum liability insurance

A. The Board shall adopt regulations: 1. Governing admissions to assisted living facilities; 2. Requiring that each assisted living facility prepare and provide a statement, in a format prescribed by the Department, to any prospective resident and his legal representative, if any, prior to admission and upon request, that discloses information, fully and accurately in plain language, about the (i) services; (ii) fees, including clear information about what services are included in the base fee and any fees for additional services; (iii) admission, transfer, and discharge criteria, including criteria for transfer to another level of care within the same facility or complex; (iv) general number and qualifications of staff on each shift; (v) range, frequency, and number of activities provided for residents; and (vi) ownership structure of the facility; 3. Establishing a process to ensure that each resident admitted or retained in an assisted living facility receives appropriate services and periodic independent reassessments and reassessments when there is a significant change in the resident's condition in order to determine whether a resident's needs can continue to be met by the facility and whether continued placement in the facility is in the best interests of the resident; 4. Governing appropriate discharge planning for residents whose care needs can no longer be met by the facility; 5. Addressing the involuntary discharge of residents. Such regulations shall provide that residents may be involuntarily discharged only (i) in accordance with Board regulations, provided that the assisted living facility has met the requirements of subsection B, as applicable, and the assisted living facility has made reasonable efforts to meet the needs of the resident; (ii) for nonpayment of contracted charges, provided that the resident has been given at least 30 days to cure the delinquency after notice was provided to the resident and the resident's legal representative or designated contact person of such nonpayment; (iii) for the resident's failure to substantially comply with the terms and conditions, as allowed by regulation, of the resident agreement between the resident and assisted living facility; (iv) if the assisted living facility closes in accordance with Board regulations; or (v) when the resident develops a condition or care need that is prohibited by subsection D or Board regulations. Unless an emergency discharge is necessary due to an immediate and serious risk to the health, safety, or welfare of the resident or others, the assisted living facility shall, prior to involuntarily discharging a resident, make reasonable efforts, as appropriate, to resolve any issues with the resident upon which the decision to discharge is based and document such efforts in the resident's file. In addition to providing the written discharge notice to the resident and the resident's legal representative or designated contact person, the assisted living facility shall provide a copy of the notice to the Department and the State Long-Term Care Ombudsman at least 30 days prior to an involuntary discharge unless an emergency discharge is necessary due to an immediate and serious risk to the health, safety, or welfare of the resident or others. Such notice of discharge shall include the reasons for discharge, the date on which the discharge will occur, and information regarding the resident's right to appeal, within the 30-day notice period, the assisted living facility's decision to discharge the resident. In cases of an emergency discharge, such notice shall be provided as soon as possible, but no later than five days after the emergency discharge. Within five days after an emergency discharge, the written discharge notice shall be provided to the resident, the resident's legal representative or designated contact person, the Department, and the State Long-Term Care Ombudsman. A resident may appeal any discharge except discharges pursuant to clause (iv). The Department shall provide the discharge notice form to be used by assisted living facilities to provide notice to a resident of the resident's right to appeal such facility's decision to discharge the resident, which shall also include information regarding the process for initiating an appeal, the number for a toll-free information line, a hearing request form, the facility's obligation to assist the resident in filing an appeal and provide, upon request, a postage prepaid envelope addressed to the Department, and a statement of the resident's right to continue to reside in the facility, free from retaliation, until the appeal has a final Department case decision unless the discharge is an emergency discharge or the resident has developed a condition or care need that is prohibited by subsection D or Board regulations. Where a resident has been removed under an emergency discharge and no longer resides in the facility, the resident retains the right to appeal. Prior to involuntarily discharging a resident, the assisted living facility shall provide relocation assistance to the resident and the resident's legal representative in accordance with Board regulation. The Board shall adopt regulations that establish a process for appeals filed pursuant to this subdivision; 6. Requiring that residents are informed of their rights pursuant to § 63.2-1808 at the time of admission; 7. Establishing a process to ensure that any resident temporarily detained in a facility pursuant to §§ 37.2-809 through 37.2-813 is accepted back in the assisted living facility if the resident is not involuntarily admitted pursuant to §§ 37.2-814 through 37.2-819 ; 8. Requiring that each assisted living facility train all employees who are mandated to report adult abuse, neglect, or exploitation pursuant to § 63.2-1606 on such reporting procedures and the consequences for failing to make a required report; 9. Requiring that each assisted living facility prepare and provide, upon request, a statement, in a format prescribed by the Board, to any resident or prospective resident and his legal representative, if any, that states the assisted living facility maintains liability insurance in force to compensate residents or other individuals for injuries and losses from the negligent acts of the facility; 10. Establishing the minimum amount of liability insurance coverage to be maintained by an assisted living facility. In establishing such minimum amount of liability insurance, the Board shall consider the number of residents for which an assisted living facility is licensed and establish a minimum amount of liability insurance for the following tiers: Tier I, which shall govern assisted living facilities with no more than 25 residents; Tier II, which shall govern assisted living facilities with more than 25 residents but no more than 75 residents; Tier III, which shall govern assisted living facilities with more than 75 residents but no more than 150 residents; and Tier IV, which shall govern assisted living facilities with more than 150 residents; and 11. Requiring that all assisted living facilities disclose to each prospective resident, or his legal representative, in writing in a document provided to the prospective resident or his legal representative and as evidenced by the written acknowledgment of the resident or his legal representative on the same document, whether the facility has an on-site emergency electrical power source for the provision of electricity during an interruption of the normal electric power supply and, if the assisted living facility does have an on-site emergency electrical power source, (i) the items for which such on-site emergency electrical power source will supply power in the event of an interruption of the normal electric power supply and (ii) whether staff of the assisted living facility have been trained to maintain and operate such on-site emergency electrical power source to ensure the provision of electricity during an interruption of the normal electrical power supply. For the purposes of this subdivision, an on-site emergency electrical power supply shall include both permanent emergency electrical power supply sources and portable emergency electrical power sources, provided that such temporary electrical power supply source remains on the premises of the assisted living facility at all times. Written acknowledgement of the disclosure shall be represented by the signature or initials of the resident or his legal representative immediately following the on-site emergency electrical power source disclosure statement. B. If there are observed behaviors or patterns of behavior indicative of mental illness, intellectual disability, substance abuse, or behavioral disorders, as documented in the uniform assessment instrument completed pursuant to § 63.2-1804 , the facility administrator or designated staff member shall ensure that an evaluation of the individual is or has been conducted by a qualified professional as defined in regulations. If the evaluation indicates a need for mental health, developmental, substance abuse, or behavioral disorder services, the facility shall provide (i) a notification of the resident's need for such services to the authorized contact person of record when available and (ii) a notification of the resident's need for such services to the community services board or behavioral health authority established pursuant to Title 37.2 that serves the city or county in which the facility is located, or other appropriate licensed provider. The Department shall not take adverse action against a facility that has demonstrated and documented a continual good faith effort to meet the requirements of this subsection. C. The Department shall not order the removal of a resident from an assisted living facility if (i) the resident, the resident's family, the resident's physician, and the facility consent to the resident's continued stay in the assisted living facility and (ii) the facility is capable of providing, obtaining, or arranging for the provision of necessary services for the resident, including, but not limited to, home health care or hospice care. D. Notwithstanding the provisions of subsection C, assisted living facilities shall not admit or retain an individual with any of the following conditions or care needs: 1. Ventilator dependency. 2. Dermal ulcers III and IV, except those stage III ulcers that are determined by an independent physician to be healing. 3. Intravenous therapy or injections directly into the vein except for intermittent intravenous therapy managed by a health care professional licensed in Virginia or as permitted in subsection E. 4. Airborne infectious disease in a communicable state that requires isolation of the individual or requires special precautions by the caretaker to prevent transmission of the disease, including diseases such as tuberculosis and excluding infections such as the common cold. 5. Psychotropic medications without appropriate diagnosis and treatment plans. 6. Nasogastric tubes. 7. Gastric tubes except when the individual is capable of independently feeding himself and caring for the tube or as permitted in subsection E. 8. An imminent physical threat or danger to self or others is presented by the individual. 9. Continuous licensed nursing care (seven-days-a-week, 24-hours-a-day) is required by the individual. 10. Placement is no longer appropriate as certified by the individual's physician. 11. Maximum physical assistance is required by the individual as documented by the uniform assessment instrument and the individual meets Medicaid nursing facility level-of-care criteria as defined in the State Plan for Medical Assistance, unless the individual's independent physician determines otherwise. Maximum physical assistance means that an individual has a rating of total dependence in four or more of the seven activities of daily living as documented on the uniform assessment instrument. 12. The assisted living facility determines that it cannot meet the individual's physical or mental health care needs. 13. Other medical and functional care needs that the Board determines cannot be met properly in an assisted living facility. E. Except for auxiliary grant recipients, at the request of the resident in an assisted living facility and when his independent physician determines that it is appropriate, (i) care for the conditions or care needs defined in subdivisions D 3 and 7 may be provided to the resident by a licensed physician, a licensed nurse or a nurse holding a multistate licensure privilege under a physician's treatment plan, or a home care organization licensed in Virginia or (ii) care for the conditions or care needs defined in subdivision D 7 may also be provided to the resident by facility staff if the care is delivered in accordance with the regulations of the Board of Nursing for delegation by a registered nurse Part VIII (18VAC90-20-420 et seq.) of 18VAC90-20. The Board shall adopt regulations to implement the provisions of this subsection. F. In adopting regulations pursuant to subsections A, B, C, D, and E, the Board shall consult with the Departments of Health and Behavioral Health and Developmental Services. 1993, cc. 957, 993, § 63.1-174.001; 1995, cc. 649 , 844 ; 2000, c. 176 ; 2002, c. 747 ; 2004, c. 49 ; 2005, cc. 610 , 716 , 724 , 924 ; 2007, c. 539 ; 2009, cc. 813 , 840 ; 2012, cc. 476 , 507 ; 2013, c. 320 ; 2019, c. 602 ; 2022, c. 706 ; 2023, c. 580 .

Va. Code Ann. § 63.2-1806 Hospice care

Notwithstanding § 63.2-1805 , at the request of the resident, hospice care may be provided in an assisted living facility under the same requirements for hospice programs provided in Article 7 (§ 32.1-162.1 et seq.) of Chapter 5 of Title 32.1, if the hospice program determines that such program is appropriate for the resident. However, to the extent allowed by federal law, no assisted living facility shall be required to provide or allow hospice care if such hospice care restrictions are included in a disclosure statement that is signed by the resident prior to admission. 1995, c. 649 , § 63.1-174.2; 2002, c. 747 ; 2003, c. 526 ; 2007, c. 397 ; 2016, c. 598 .

Va. Code Ann. § 63.2-1807 Certification in cardiopulmonary resuscitation; do not resuscitate orders

The owners or operators of any assisted living facility may provide that their employees who are certified in cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) shall not be required to resuscitate any resident for whom a valid written order not to resuscitate in the event of cardiac or respiratory arrest has been issued by the attending physician and has been included in the resident's individualized service plan. 1996, c. 775 , § 63.1-174.3; 2002, c. 747 .

Va. Code Ann. § 63.2-1808 Rights and responsibilities of residents of assisted living facilities; certification of licensure

A. Any resident of an assisted living facility has the rights and responsibilities enumerated in this section. The operator or administrator of an assisted living facility shall establish written policies and procedures to ensure that, at the minimum, each person who becomes a resident of the assisted living facility: 1. Is fully informed, prior to or at the time of admission and during the resident's stay, of his rights and of all rules and expectations governing the resident's conduct, responsibilities, and the terms of the admission agreement; evidence of this shall be the resident's written acknowledgment of having been so informed, which shall be filed in his record; 2. Is fully informed, prior to or at the time of admission and during the resident's stay, of services available in the facility and of any related charges; this shall be reflected by the resident's signature on a current resident's agreement retained in the resident's file; 3. Unless a committee or conservator has been appointed, is free to manage his personal finances and funds regardless of source; is entitled to access to personal account statements reflecting financial transactions made on his behalf by the facility; and is given at least a quarterly accounting of financial transactions made on his behalf when a written delegation of responsibility to manage his financial affairs is made to the facility for any period of time in conformance with state law; 4. Is afforded confidential treatment of his personal affairs and records and may approve or refuse their release to any individual outside the facility except as otherwise provided in law and except in case of his transfer to another care-giving facility; 5. Is transferred or discharged only when provided with a statement of reasons, or for nonpayment for his stay, and is given reasonable advance notice; upon notice of discharge or upon giving reasonable advance notice of his desire to move, shall be afforded reasonable assistance to ensure an orderly transfer or discharge; such actions shall be documented in his record; 6. In the event a medical condition should arise while he is residing in the facility, is afforded the opportunity to participate in the planning of his program of care and medical treatment at the facility and the right to refuse treatment; 7. Is not required to perform services for the facility except as voluntarily contracted pursuant to a voluntary agreement for services that states the terms of consideration or remuneration and is documented in writing and retained in his record; 8. Is free to select health care services from reasonably available resources; 9. Is free to refuse to participate in human subject experimentation or to be party to research in which his identity may be ascertained; 10. Is free from mental, emotional, physical, sexual, and economic abuse or exploitation; is free from forced isolation, threats or other degrading or demeaning acts against him; and his known needs are not neglected or ignored by personnel of the facility; 11. Is treated with courtesy, respect, and consideration as a person of worth, sensitivity, and dignity; 12. Is encouraged, and informed of appropriate means as necessary, throughout the period of stay to exercise his rights as a resident and as a citizen; to this end, he is free to voice grievances and recommend changes in policies and services, free of coercion, discrimination, threats or reprisal; 13. Is permitted to retain and use his personal clothing and possessions as space permits unless to do so would infringe upon rights of other residents; 14. Is encouraged to function at his highest mental, emotional, physical and social potential; 15. Is free of physical or mechanical restraint except in the following situations and with appropriate safeguards: a. As necessary for the facility to respond to unmanageable behavior in an emergency situation, which threatens the immediate safety of the resident or others; b. As medically necessary, as authorized in writing by a physician, to provide physical support to a weakened resident; 16. Is free of prescription drugs except where medically necessary, specifically prescribed, and supervised by the attending physician, physician assistant, or advanced practice registered nurse; 17. Is accorded respect for ordinary privacy in every aspect of daily living, including but not limited to the following: a. In the care of his personal needs except as assistance may be needed; b. In any medical examination or health-related consultations the resident may have at the facility; c. In communications, in writing or by telephone; d. During visitations with other persons; e. In the resident's room or portion thereof; residents shall be permitted to have guests or other residents in their rooms unless to do so would infringe upon the rights of other residents; staff may not enter a resident's room without making their presence known except in an emergency or in accordance with safety oversight requirements included in regulations of the Board; f. In visits with his spouse; if both are residents of the facility they are permitted but not required to share a room unless otherwise provided in the residents' agreements; 18. Is permitted to meet with and participate in activities of social, religious, and community groups at his discretion unless medically contraindicated as documented by his physician, physician assistant, or advanced practice registered nurse in his medical record; 19. Is fully informed, as evidenced by the written acknowledgment of the resident or his legal representative, prior to or at the time of admission and during his stay, that he should exercise whatever due diligence he deems necessary with respect to information on any sex offenders registered pursuant to Chapter 9 (§ 9.1-900 et seq.) of Title 9.1, including how to obtain such information. Upon request, the assisted living facility shall assist the resident, prospective resident, or the legal representative of the resident or prospective resident in accessing this information and provide the resident, prospective resident, or the legal representative of the resident or prospective resident with printed copies of the requested information; and 20. Is informed, in writing and upon request, of whether the assisted living facility maintains the minimum liability coverage, as established by the Board pursuant to subdivision A 10 of § 63.2-1805 . B. If the resident is unable to fully understand and exercise the rights and responsibilities contained in this section, the facility shall require that a responsible individual, of the resident's choice when possible, designated in writing in the resident's record, be made aware of each item in this section and the decisions that affect the resident or relate to specific items in this section; a resident shall be assumed capable of understanding and exercising these rights unless a physician determines otherwise and documents the reasons for such determination in the resident's record. C. The rights and responsibilities of residents shall be printed in at least 12-point type and posted conspicuously in a public place in all assisted living facilities. The facility shall also post the name and telephone number of the regional licensing supervisor of the Department, the Adult Protective Services' toll-free telephone number, as well as the toll-free telephone number for the Virginia Long-Term Care Ombudsman Program, any sub-state ombudsman program serving the area, and the toll-free number of the Commonwealth's designated protection and advocacy system. D. The facility shall make its policies and procedures for implementing this section available and accessible to residents, relatives, agencies, and the general public. E. The provisions of this section shall not be construed to restrict or abridge any right that any resident has under law. F. Each facility shall provide appropriate staff training to implement each resident's rights included in this section. G. The Board shall adopt regulations as necessary to carry out the full intent of this section. H. It shall be the responsibility of the Commissioner to ensure that the provisions of this section are observed and implemented by assisted living facilities as a condition to the issuance, renewal, or continuation of the license required by this article. 1984, c. 677, § 63.1-182.1; 1989, c. 271; 1990, c. 458; 1992, c. 356; 1993, cc. 957, 993; 1997, c. 801 ; 2000, c. 177 ; 2002, cc. 45 , 572 , 747 ; 2004, c. 855 ; 2006, c. 396 ; 2007, cc. 120 , 163 ; 2013, cc. 320 , 571 ; 2023, c. 183 .

Va. Code Ann. § 63.2-1808.1 Life-sharing communities

A. For the purposes of this section: "Life-sharing community" means a residential setting, operated by a nonprofit organization, that (i) offers a safe environment in free standing, self-contained homes for residents that have been determined by a licensed health-care professional as having at least one developmental disability; (ii) is an environment located in a community setting where residents participate in therapeutic activities including artistic crafts, stewardship of the land, and agricultural activities; (iii) consists of the residents as well as staff and volunteers who live together in residential homes; (iv) operates at a ratio of at least one staff member, volunteer, or supervising personnel for every three residents in each self-contained home household; and (v) has at least one supervisory staff member on premises to be responsible for the care, safety, and supervision of the residents at all times. "Resident" means an individual who has been determined by a physician or an advanced practice registered nurse to have at least one developmental disability and who resides at the life-sharing community on a full-time basis. "Volunteer" means an individual who resides in the life-sharing community on a full-time basis and who assists residents with their daily activities and receives no wages. A volunteer may receive a small stipend for personal expenses. B. Any facility seeking to operate as a life-sharing community shall file with the Commissioner: (i) a statement of intent to operate as a life-sharing community; (ii) a certification that at the time of admission, a contract and written notice was provided to each resident and his legally authorized representative that includes a statement of disclosure that the facility is exempt from licensure as an "assisted living facility," and (iii) documentary evidence that such life-sharing community is a private nonprofit organization in accordance with 501(c)(3) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1954, as amended. C. Upon filing an initial statement of intent to operate as a life-sharing community, and every two years thereafter, the life-sharing community shall certify that the local health department, building inspector, fire marshal, or other local official designated by the locality to enforce the Statewide Fire Prevention Code, and any other local official required by law to inspect the premises, have inspected the physical facilities of the life-sharing community and have determined that the facility is in compliance with all applicable laws and regulations with regard to food service activities, health and sanitation, water supply, building codes, and the Statewide Fire Prevention Code and the Uniform Statewide Building Code. D. Upon filing an initial statement of intent to operate as a life-sharing community, and every two years thereafter, the life-sharing community shall provide the Commissioner documentary evidence that: 1. Life-sharing community staff and volunteers have completed a training program that includes instruction in personal care of residents, house management, and therapeutic activities; 2. Volunteers and staff have completed first aid and Cardio-Pulmonary Resuscitation training; 3. Each resident's needs are evaluated using the Uniform Assessment Instrument, and Individual Service Plans are developed for each resident annually; 4. The residents of the life-sharing community are each 21 years of age or older; 5. A criminal background check through the Criminal Records Exchange has been completed for each (i) full-time salaried staff member and (ii) volunteer as defined in this section. E. A residential facility operating as a life-sharing facility shall be exempt from the licensing requirements of Article 1 (§ 63.2-1800 et seq.) of Chapter 18 of Title 63.2 applicable to assisted living facilities. F. The Commissioner may perform unannounced on-site inspections of a life-sharing community to determine compliance with the provisions of this section and to investigate any complaint that the life-sharing community is not in compliance with the provisions of this section, or to otherwise ensure the health, safety, and welfare of the life-sharing community residents. The Commissioner may revoke the exemption from licensure pursuant to this chapter for any life-sharing community for serious or repeated violation of the requirements of this section and order that the facility cease operations or comply with the licensure requirements of an assisted living facility. If a life-sharing community does not file the statement and documentary evidence required by this section, the Commissioner shall give reasonable notice to such life-sharing community of the nature of its noncompliance and may thereafter take action as he determines appropriate, including a suit to enjoin the operation of the life-sharing community. G. All life-sharing communities shall provide access to their facilities and residents by staff of community services boards and behavioral health authorities as defined in § 37.2-100 for the purpose of (i) assessing or evaluating, (ii) providing case management or other services or assistance, or (iii) monitoring the care of individuals receiving services who are residing in the facility. Such staff or contractual agents also shall be given reasonable access to other facility residents who have previously requested their services. H. Any residents of any life-sharing community shall be accorded the same rights and responsibilities as residents in assisted living facilities as provided in subsections A through F of § 63.2-1808 . I. A life-sharing community shall not admit or retain individuals with any of the conditions or care needs as provided in subsection C of § 63.2-1805 . J. Notwithstanding § 63.2-1805 , at the request of the resident, hospice care may be provided in a life-sharing community under the same requirements for hospice programs provided in Article 7 (§ 32.1-162.1 et seq.) of Chapter 5 of Title 32.1 if the hospice program determines that such a program is appropriate for the resident. 2007, c. 677 ; 2012, cc. 476 , 507 ; 2023, c. 183 .

Va. Code Ann. § 63.2-1808.2 (For contingent effective date, see Acts 2026, c. 496, cl. 2) Electronic monitoring in resident rooms

A. As used in this section: "Electronic monitoring" means the use of a surveillance device with a fixed position video camera or audio recording device, or a combination thereof, which is installed in a resident's room and broadcasts or records activities or sounds occurring within the confines of the room. "Electronic monitoring" does not include use of a device that enables audio communication into the resident's room from another source. "Family member" means the resident's spouse, parent, stepparent, child, stepchild, sibling, half-sibling, grandparent, or grandchild. "Legal representative" means a person legally responsible for representing or standing in the place of the resident for the conduct of his affairs. This may include a guardian, conservator, attorney-in-fact under durable power of attorney, trustee, or other person expressly named by a court of competent jurisdiction or the resident as his agency in a legal document that specifies the scope of the representative's authority to act. A legal representative may only represent or stand in the place of a resident for the function for which he has legal authority to act. B. All requests for electronic monitoring shall be made in writing and signed by the resident or, if the resident has been legally deemed incompetent, the resident's legal representative. Only electronic monitoring in accordance with this section is permitted. Electronic monitoring shall be permitted only: 1. Upon the informed consent of the resident or resident's legal representative, which shall be obtained prior to the installation or use of any electronic monitoring device. Consent for electronic monitoring shall be kept in the resident's record; 2. When the resident resides: a. In a room with no roommates; or b. In a room with any roommates and obtains written consent to visual recording from such roommates or, if any roommate has been legally deemed incompetent, such roommate's legal representative. When a resident resides with any roommates, only video electronic monitoring shall be permitted pursuant to this subsection; 3. Upon execution of an agreement for the sharing and release of medical data and information protected by the federal Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (42 U.S.C. § 1320d et seq.) signed by the resident or resident's legal representative or, if applicable, any such agreement signed by any roommate or roommate's legal representative shall be kept in all consenting individuals' records; and 4. When the assisted living facility has secured and password-protected wireless internet access or other means available to operate the electronic monitoring device without modification to the assisted living facility or a change in level or capacity of internet access. C. An assisted living facility shall allow electronic monitoring of a resident of an assisted living facility if the electronic monitoring is conducted in accordance with this section. An assisted living facility shall not refuse to admit an individual and shall not discharge or transfer a resident due to a request to conduct authorized electronic monitoring. D. Family members shall not implement or activate electronic monitoring over the objections of or contrary to the instructions of the resident or the resident's legal representative. No electronic monitoring equipment may be installed over the objections of or contrary to the instructions of the resident or resident's legal representative. E. Assisted living facilities shall designate one or more staff persons to be the point of contact for electronic monitoring requests and for providing information and policies upon request during normal business hours. F. Except as provided in subsection O, assisted living facilities may assume custodial ownership of any recordings from electronic monitoring devices from the resident or resident's legal representative. Recordings from electronic monitoring devices shall not be considered part of the resident's record. G. If an assisted living facility chooses to assume ownership of recordings from electronic monitoring devices pursuant to subsection F, the assisted living facility shall not permit viewings of recordings without consent of the resident or resident's legal representative except to the extent that disclosure is required by law or for quality assurance purposes. H. An assisted living facility shall not be held liable for any breach of data or privacy related to the presence of the electronic monitoring device. I. An assisted living facility shall require its staff to immediately report any incidents regarding safety or quality of care discovered or reported to staff as a result of viewing a recording from an electronic monitoring device to the administrator of the assisted living facility. J. An assisted living facility shall have no obligation to seek access to a recording for which it has not assumed custodial ownership or to have knowledge of a recording's content unless (i) the assisted living facility is aware of a recorded incident of suspected abuse or neglect or of an accident or injury based upon a report received by the facility of such incident, accident, or injury or (ii) the resident, the resident's legal representative, or a government agency seeks to use a recording. K. Unless an assisted living facility chooses to assume ownership of any recordings from an electronic monitoring device, the resident or resident's legal representative shall be responsible for all aspects of the operation of the electronic monitoring device, including the removal and replacement of recordings; adherence to local, state, and federal privacy laws; and use of firewall protections to prevent images that would violate obscenity laws from being inadvertently shown on the internet. L. An assisted living facility shall prohibit assigned staff from refusing to enter a resident's room solely because of electronic monitoring. M. An assisted living facility shall make reasonable physical accommodations for electronic monitoring devices, including: 1. Providing a reasonably secure place to mount the device; and 2. Providing reasonable access to power sources if already in proximity to the device. N. An assisted living facility shall require a resident or resident's legal representative to pay for all costs, other than the cost of electricity, associated with the purchase and installation of the electronic monitoring device. In addition, an assisted living facility offering facility-managed electronic monitoring may charge a one-time fee not to exceed $150 when the electronic monitoring device is installed along with a security deposit not to exceed $250. An assisted living facility may charge a monthly fee not to exceed $10 to cover costs associated with the electronic monitoring device. Such costs may include equipment, secured and password-protected wireless internet and server capabilities, compliance with life safety and building and electrical codes, maintenance or removal of the equipment, posting and removal of any public notices, or structural repairs to the building resulting from the removal of the equipment. Assisted living facilities shall give 45 days' notice of an increase in monthly fees. O. The resident or resident's legal representative of a room with an electronic monitoring device may verbally or in writing condition consent to the installation or use of the electronic monitoring device. Such conditions on consent may include (i) the ability of the resident, any roommate, or staff at the request of the resident or any roommate, to turn off or disable the audio or video electronic monitoring device during certain periods of time and (ii) a prohibition on the ability of the assisted living facility to, pursuant to subsection F, choose to assume custodial ownership of any recordings from the electronic monitoring device after the electronic monitoring device has been installed and is operational. If the resident or resident's legal representative or any roommate or roommate's legal representative places any such conditions on consent, the assisted living facility and staff shall ensure that the installation, use, and operation of the electronic monitoring device and any electronic monitoring or other activities conducted in connection therewith are conducted in compliance with such conditions. P. The assisted living facility shall conspicuously post and maintain a notice at the entrance to the resident's room stating that an electronic monitoring device is in operation. Q. Assisted living facilities shall notify assigned staff for the resident when electronic monitoring is in use in a resident's room pursuant to this section. R. Each assisted living facility shall adopt policies and procedures for electronic monitoring consistent with this section. S. Each assisted living facility shall adopt a policy prohibiting staff from willfully tampering with electronic monitoring devices in violation of this section. Adjusting or disabling an electronic monitoring device during the provision of patient care shall not constitute willful tampering if such adjusting or disabling is done in order to protect the dignity of a resident or at the direction of the resident or resident's legal representative. T. If the placement or position of the electronic monitoring device creates risk to an assisted living facility employee, resident, or any roommate, or if the resident or resident's legal representative or family member violates the assisted living facility's policies and procedures for electronic monitoring, the equipment may be disabled and removed and the resident, resident's legal representative, or family member responsible for the electronic monitoring device shall be notified of the removal. 2026, c. 496 .

Va. Code Ann. § 63.2-1809 Repealed

Repealed effective July 1, 2021, by Acts 2020, cc. 860 and 861 , cl. 2, as amended by Acts 2021, Sp. Sess. I, c. 446 , cl. 2.

Va. Code Ann. § 63.2-1814 Public funds to be withheld for serious or persistent violations

The Board and the State Board of Education may adopt policies, as permitted by state and federal law, to restrict the eligibility of a licensed child welfare agency to receive or continue to receive funds when such agency is found to be in serious or persistent violation of regulations. 1993, cc. 730, 742, § 63.1-211.2; 1996, c. 492 ; 2002, c. 747 .

Va. Code Ann. § 63.2-1815 Repealed

Repealed effective July 1, 2021, by Acts 2020, cc. 860 and 861 , cl. 2, as amended by Acts 2021, Sp. Sess. I, c. 446 , cl. 2.

Va. Code Ann. § 63.2-1816 Municipal and county appropriations; contracts

The governing bodies of the several cities and counties of this Commonwealth may, in their discretion, appropriate to incorporated charitable organizations licensed by the Commissioner for the purpose of receiving and caring for children, or placing or boarding them in private homes, such sums as to them may seem proper, for the maintenance and care of such dependent children as the charitable organizations may receive from the respective cities and counties. The governing body of any county may make contracts with such organizations. Code 1950, § 63-256; 1968, c. 578, § 63.1-219; 2002, c. 747 .

Va. Code Ann. § 63.2-1817 Acceptance and control over children by licensed child-placing agency, children's residential facility or independent foster home

A licensed child-placing agency, children's residential facility or independent foster home shall have the right to accept, for any purpose not contrary to the limitations contained in its license, such children as may be entrusted or committed to it by the parents, guardians, relatives or other persons having legal custody thereof, or committed by any court of competent jurisdiction. The agency, facility or home shall, within the terms of its license and the agreement or order by which such child is entrusted or committed to its care, have custody and control of every child so entrusted or committed and accepted, until he is lawfully discharged, has been adopted, or has attained his majority. An entrustment agreement for the termination of parental rights and responsibilities with respect to such child shall be executed in writing and notarized. An agency that is licensed as a child-placing agency by the Department and certified as a proprietary school for students with disabilities by the Department of Education shall not be required to take custody of any child placed in its special education program but shall enter into a placement agreement with the parents or guardian of the child concerning the respective responsibilities of the agency and the parents or guardian for the care and control of the child. Such an agency shall conform with all other legal requirements of licensed child-placing agencies including the provisions of §§ 16.1-281 and 16.1-282 . A licensed private child-placing agency may accept placement of a child through an agreement with a local department where the local department retains legal custody of the child or where the parents or legal guardian of the child retain legal custody but have entered into a placement agreement with the local department or the public agency designated by the community policy and management team. Whenever a licensed child-placing agency accepts legal custody of a child, the agency shall comply with §§ 16.1-281 and 16.1-282 . A children's residential facility licensed as a temporary emergency shelter may accept a child for placement provided that verbal agreement for placement is obtained from the parents, guardians, relatives or other persons having legal custody thereof, within eight hours of the child's arrival at the facility and provided that a written placement agreement is completed and signed by the legal guardian and the facility representative within 24 hours of the child's arrival or by the end of the next business day after the child's arrival. 2002, c. 747 ; 2004, c. 815 .

Va. Code Ann. § 63.2-1818 Reports to Commissioner

Upon the entry of a final order of adoption involving a child placed by a licensed child-placing agency, that agency shall transmit to the Commissioner all reports and collateral information in connection with the case which shall be preserved by the Commissioner in accordance with § 63.2-1246 . Such agency may keep duplicate copies of such reports and collateral information or may obtain copies of such documents from the Commissioner at a reasonable fee as prescribed by the Board. 2002, c. 747 .

Va. Code Ann. § 63.2-1819 Where child-placing agencies may place children

Any licensed child-placing agency may place or negotiate and arrange for the placement of children in any licensed children's residential facility, and, unless its license contains a limitation to the contrary, a licensed child-placing agency may also place or arrange for the placement of such persons in any suitable foster home or independent living arrangement. 2002, c. 747 ; 2008, cc. 475 , 483 .
Source: Open US Law by Vaquill AI (CC BY 4.0)URL: https://law.lis.virginia.gov/vacode/title63.2/chapter18/Fetched: 10/16/2026