Elections Generally

C.R.S. tit. 1, art. 1
in effect

C.R.S. § 1-1-101 Short title

1-1-101. Short title. Articles 1 to 13 of this title shall be known and may be cited as the "Uniform Election Code of 1992"; within these articles, "this code" means the "Uniform Election Code of 1992".

C.R.S. § 1-1-102 Applicability

1-1-102. Applicability. (1) This code applies to all general, primary, congressional vacancy, school district, special district, ballot issue, and other authorized elections unless otherwise provided by this code. This code applies to any municipal election conducted as part of a coordinated election except to the extent that this code conflicts with a specific charter provision. Any municipality may provide by ordinance or resolution that it will utilize the requirements and procedures of this code in lieu of the "Colorado Municipal Election Code of 1965", article 10 of title 31, C.R.S., with respect to any election. (2) For elections that must be coordinated pursuant to section 20 (3)(b) of article X of the Colorado constitution where the enabling legislation does not require that the electors be registered electors, the political subdivision may conduct its elections pursuant to the enabling legislation but it must assure that the notice required by part 9 of article 7 of this title is provided to the election official responsible for publishing the ballot issue notice.

C.R.S. § 1-1-103 Election code liberally construed

1-1-103. Election code liberally construed. (1) This code shall be liberally construed so that all eligible electors may be permitted to vote and those who are not eligible electors may be kept from voting in order to prevent fraud and corruption in elections. (2) It is also the intent of the general assembly that non-English-speaking citizens, like all other citizens, should be encouraged to vote. Therefore, appropriate efforts should be made to minimize obstacles to registration by citizens who lack sufficient skill in English to register without assistance. (3) Substantial compliance with the provisions or intent of this code shall be all that is required for the proper conduct of an election to which this code applies.

C.R.S. § 1-1-104 Definitions

1-1-104. Definitions. As used in this code, unless the context otherwise requires: (1) "Abstract of votes cast" means a certified record of the results in each election for candidates for any office, ballot issue, or ballot question that the county clerk and recorder certified for the ballot. (1.1) "Address of record" means the elector's place of residence or the elector's deliverable mailing address, if different from the elector's place of residence. (1.2) "Affiliation" means an elector's decision to affiliate with either a political party or a political organization, as defined in subsections (24) and (25) of this section. (1.3) "Assembly" means a meeting of delegates of a political party, organized in accordance with the rules and regulations of the political party, held for the purpose of designating candidates for nominations. (1.5) "Authorizing legislation" means the provisions of the state constitution or statutes or of a local charter authorizing the existence and powers of a political subdivision and providing for the call and conduct of the political subdivision's election. (1.7) "Ballot" means the list of all candidates, ballot issues, and ballot questions upon which an eligible elector is entitled to vote at an election. (2) "Ballot box" means the locked and sealed container in which ballots are deposited by eligible electors. The term includes the container in which ballots are transferred from a polling location to the office of the designated election official and the transfer case in which electronic ballot cards and paper tapes and the "prom" or any other electronic tabulation device are sealed by election judges for transfer to the central counting center. (2.1) "Ballot card" means the card, tape, or other vehicle on which an elector's votes are recorded in an electronic or electromechanical voting system. (2.3) "Ballot issue" means a state or local government matter arising under section 20 of article X of the state constitution, as defined in sections 1-41-102 (4) and 1-41-103 (4), respectively. (2.5) "Ballot issue notice" means the notice which is required by section 20 (3)(b) of article X of the state constitution and comprises the material between the notice title and the conclusion of the summary of comments. (2.7) "Ballot question" means a state or local government matter involving a citizen petition or referred measure, other than a ballot issue. (2.8) "Confirmation card" means a communication mailed from a county clerk and recorder to an elector pursuant to section 1-2-302.5 (2)(b)(III), 1-2-509 (3)(b)(III), or 1-2-605, which card must: (a) Be mailed to the elector's address of record; (b) Be sent by forwardable mail; (c) Comply with all relevant requirements of the federal "National Voter Registration Act of 1993", 52 U.S.C. sec. 20501 et seq., as amended; and means a communication mailed from a county clerk and recorder to an elector pursuant to section 1-2-302.5 (2)(b)(III), 1-2-509 (3)(b)(III), or 1-2-605, which card must: (a) Be mailed to the elector's address of record; (b) Be sent by forwardable mail; (c) Comply with all relevant requirements of the federal "National Voter Registration Act of 1993", 52 U.S.C. sec. 20501 et seq., as amended; and (d) Include a postage-prepaid, preaddressed form by which the elector may verify or correct his or her address information. (3) (Deleted by amendment, L. 94, p. 1750, § 1, effective January 1, 1995.) (4) (Deleted by amendment, L. 93, p. 1394, § 2, effective July 1, 1993.) (5) "Congressional vacancy election" means an election held at a time other than the general election for the purpose of filling a vacancy in an unexpired term of a representative in congress. (6) "Convention" means a meeting of delegates of a political party, organized in accordance with the rules and regulations of the political party, held for the purpose of selecting delegates to other political conventions, including national conventions, making nominations for presidential electors, or nominating candidates to fill vacancies in unexpired terms of representatives in congress or held for other political functions not otherwise covered in this code. (6.5) "Coordinated election" means an election where more than one political subdivision with overlapping boundaries or the same electors holds an election on the same day and the eligible electors are all registered electors, and the county clerk and recorder is the coordinated election official for the political subdivisions. (7) "County" includes a city and county. (7.5) "Deliverable mailing address" means the elector's mailing address if different from the elector's address of record as specified in accordance with section 1-2-204 (2)(f). (8) "Designated election official" means the member of a governing board, secretary of the board, county clerk and recorder, or other person designated by the governing body as the person who is responsible for the running of an election. (9) "District captain" or "district co-captain" means any registered elector who is a resident of the district, is affiliated with a political party, and is designated or elected pursuant to political party rules of the county. (9.5) "District office of state concern" means those elective offices, involving congressional districts or unique political subdivisions with territory in more than one county and with their own enabling legislation, as identified by rules of the secretary of state based upon the method for designating candidates for office and responsibility for identification and qualification of candidates. (9.6) "Driver's license" means any license, temporary instruction permit, or temporary license issued under the laws of this state pertaining to the licensing of persons to operate motor vehicles and any identification card issued under part 4 of article 2 of title 42, C.R.S. (9.7) "Drop box" means a secure receptacle established to receive mail ballots twenty-four hours a day. The term does not include a mail ballot box maintained at a voter service and polling center pursuant to section 1-5-102.9 (3)(l) or a drop-off location. (9.8) "Drop-off location" means a location established for the receipt of mail ballots under the supervision of a municipal clerk, election judges, a county clerk and recorder or a member of the county clerk and recorder's staff, a designated election official, or another person designated by the designated election official as required by this code. The term does not include a mail ballot box maintained at a voter service and polling center pursuant to section 1-5-102.9 (3)(l) or a drop box. supervision of a municipal clerk, election judges, a county clerk and recorder or a member of the county clerk and recorder's staff, a designated election official, or another person designated by the designated election official as required by this code. The term does not include a mail ballot box maintained at a voter service and polling center pursuant to section 1-5-102.9 (3)(l) or a drop box. (10) "Election official" means any county clerk and recorder, election judge, member of a canvassing board, member of a board of county commissioners, member or secretary of a board of directors authorized to conduct public elections, representative of a governing body, or other person contracting for or engaged in the performance of election duties as required by this code. (11) "Election records" includes accounting forms, certificates of registration, pollbooks, certificates of election, signature cards, all affidavits, voter applications, other voter lists and records, mail ballot return envelopes, voted ballots, unused ballots, spoiled ballots, replacement ballots, key card access system logs, and video security surveillance recordings. (12) "Elector" means a person who is legally qualified to vote in this state. The related terms "eligible elector", "registered elector", and "taxpaying elector" are separately defined in this section. (13) "Elector registration information changes" means changes in the name, address, or political affiliation of a registered elector which are allowed by the provisions of this code. (13.5) "Electromechanical voting system" means a system in which an elector votes using a device for marking a ballot card using ink or another visible substance and the votes are counted with electronic vote-tabulating equipment. The term includes a system in which votes are recorded electronically within the equipment on paper tape and are recorded simultaneously on an electronic device that permits tabulation at a counting center. As used in part 6 of article 5 of this title, "electromechanical voting system" shall include a paper-based voting system. (14) "Electronic vote-tabulating equipment" or "electronic vote-counting equipment" means any apparatus that examines and records votes automatically and tabulates the result, including but not limited to optical scanning equipment. The term includes any apparatus that counts votes electronically and tabulates the results simultaneously on a paper tape within the apparatus, that uses an electronic device to store the tabulation results, and that has the capability to transmit the votes into a central processing unit for purposes of a printout and an official count. (14.5) "Electronic voting device" means a device by which votes are recorded electronically, including a touchscreen system. (15) Repealed. (15.5) "Electronic voting system" means a system in which an elector votes using an electronic voting device. (16) "Eligible elector" means a person who meets the specific requirements for voting at a specific election or for a specific candidate, ballot question, or ballot issue. If no specific provisions are given, an eligible elector shall be a registered elector, as defined in subsection (35) of this section. (16.5) "Federally accredited laboratory" means a laboratory certified under section 231 of the federal "Help America Vote Act of 2002", 52 U.S.C. 20901 et seq., or any successor section. (17) "General election" means the election held on the Tuesday succeeding the first Monday of November in each even-numbered year. or shall be a registered elector, as defined in subsection (35) of this section. (16.5) "Federally accredited laboratory" means a laboratory certified under section 231 of the federal "Help America Vote Act of 2002", 52 U.S.C. 20901 et seq., or any successor section. (17) "General election" means the election held on the Tuesday succeeding the first Monday of November in each even-numbered year. (18) "Governing body" means a board of county commissioners, a city council, a board of trustees, a board of directors, or any other entity which is responsible for the calling and conducting of an election. (18.5) "Group residential facility" means a nursing home, a nursing care facility licensed pursuant to part 1 of article 3 of title 25, a home for persons with intellectual and developmental disabilities as defined in section 25.5-10-202, an assisted living residence licensed pursuant to section 25-27-105, or a residential treatment facility for persons with behavioral or mental health disorders. (19) "Gubernatorial" means and refers to voting in general elections for the office of governor. (19.5) (a) "Identification" means: (I) A valid Colorado driver's license, except a license issued under part 5 of article 2 of title 42, C.R.S.; (II) A valid identification card issued by the department of revenue in accordance with the requirements of part 3 of article 2 of title 42, C.R.S.; (III) A valid United States passport; (IV) A valid employee identification card with a photograph of the eligible elector issued by any branch, department, agency, or entity of the United States government or of this state, or by any county, municipality, board, authority, or other political subdivision of this state; (V) A valid pilot's license issued by the federal aviation administration or other authorized agency of the United States; (VI) A valid United States military identification card with a photograph of the eligible elector; (VII) A copy of a current utility bill, bank statement, government check, paycheck, or other government document that shows the name and address of the elector; (VIII) A valid medicare or medicaid card issued by the United States health care financing administration; (IX) A certified copy of a birth certificate for the elector issued in the United States; (X) Certified documentation of naturalization; (XI) A valid student identification card with a photograph of the eligible elector issued by an institution of higher education in Colorado, as defined in section 23-3.1-102 (5), C.R.S.; (XII) A valid veteran identification card issued by the United States department of veterans affairs veterans health administration with a photograph of the eligible elector; (XIII) A valid identification card issued by a federally recognized tribal government certifying tribal membership; or (XIV) Any form of identification specified in subsections (19.5)(a)(I) to (19.5)(a)(XIII) of this section that is in a digital format. (b) Any form of identification indicated in paragraph (a) of this subsection (19.5) that shows the address of the eligible elector shall be considered identification only if the address is in the state of Colorado. (c) Verification that a voter is a resident of a group residential facility, as defined in subsection (18.5) of this section, shall be considered sufficient identification for the purposes of section 1-7-110 (1). on indicated in paragraph (a) of this subsection (19.5) that shows the address of the eligible elector shall be considered identification only if the address is in the state of Colorado. (c) Verification that a voter is a resident of a group residential facility, as defined in subsection (18.5) of this section, shall be considered sufficient identification for the purposes of section 1-7-110 (1). (d) Verification that a voter is a person committed to the department of human services and confined and eligible to register and vote shall be considered sufficient identification of such person for the purposes of section 1-2-210.5. (19.7) "Instant runoff voting" means a ranked voting method used to select a single winner in a race, as set forth in section 1-7-1003 (3). (20) "Joint candidates" means the two candidates for the office of governor and the office of lieutenant governor for whom one vote cast at any general election is applicable to both offices. (21) (Deleted by amendment, L. 93, p. 1394, § 2, effective July 1, 1993.) (21.5) "Key card access system" means a system that controls physical entry into a room or location by use of a radio frequency identification card or similar door access system and produces a log that includes the name, date, and time that a person enters the room or area. (22) "Major political party" means any political party that at the last preceding gubernatorial election was represented on the official ballot either by political party candidates or by individual nominees and whose candidate at the last preceding gubernatorial election received at least ten percent of the total gubernatorial votes cast. (22.5) "Major political party affiliation" means an elector's decision to affiliate with a major political party, as defined in subsection (22) of this section. (22.7) "Manual count" means a count conducted by hand or by scanning a bar code. (23) "Minor political party" means a political party other than a major political party that satisfies one of the conditions set forth in section 1-4-1303 (1) or has submitted a sufficient petition in accordance with section 1-4-1302. (23.3) "Nonpartisan election" means an election that is not a partisan election. (23.4) "Overvote" means the selection by an elector of more names than there are persons to be elected to an office or the designation of more than one answer to a ballot question or ballot issue. "Overvote" does not include the ranking of multiple candidates in an election using instant runoff voting in accordance with part 10 of article 7 of this title 1. (23.5) "Paper-based voting system" means an electromechanical voting system in which the elector's vote is recorded solely on a paper ballot. (23.6) "Partisan election" means an election in which the names of the candidates are printed on the ballot along with their affiliation. The existence of a partisan election for the state or for a political subdivision as a part of a coordinated election does not cause an otherwise nonpartisan election of another political subdivision to become a partisan election. (24) "Political organization" means any group of registered electors who, by petition for nomination of an unaffiliated candidate as provided in section 1-4-802, places upon the official general election ballot nominees for public office. (25) "Political party" means either a major political party or a minor political party. (26) "Political party district" means an area within a county composed of contiguous whole election precincts, as designated by the political party county chairperson. (27) "Pollbook" means the list, maintained in the statewide voter registration system created in section 1-2-301, of eligible electors who are permitted to vote at a polling location or by mail ballot in an election conducted under this code. (27.5) "Polling location" means a polling place or a voter service and polling center, as applicable. (28) Repealed. e political party county chairperson. (27) "Pollbook" means the list, maintained in the statewide voter registration system created in section 1-2-301, of eligible electors who are permitted to vote at a polling location or by mail ballot in an election conducted under this code. (27.5) "Polling location" means a polling place or a voter service and polling center, as applicable. (28) Repealed. (29) "Population" means population as determined by the latest federal census. (29.5) "Post office box" means a compartment on the premises of a central mailing location, whether the location is administered by the United States postal service or a commercial mail service entity, in which a patron's incoming mail is held until collected by the patron. (30) "Precinct" means an area with established boundaries within a political subdivision used to establish election districts. (31) "Precinct caucus" means a meeting of registered electors of a precinct who are eligible to participate in accordance with the provisions of section 1-3-101, such meeting being organized in accordance with the rules and regulations of the political party. (31.5) "Presidential election" means an election held on the first Tuesday after the first Monday in November of an even-numbered year in which the names of candidates for president of the United States appear on the ballot. (32) "Primary election" means the election held on the last Tuesday in June of each even-numbered year and the presidential primary election held in accordance with part 12 of article 4 of this title 1. (33) "Property owners list" means the list furnished by the county assessor in accordance with section 1-5-304 showing each property owner within the subdivision, as shown on a deed or contract of record. (33.5) "Public assistance" includes, but is not necessarily limited to, assistance provided under the following programs: (a) The food stamp program, as provided in part 3 of article 2 of title 26, C.R.S.; (b) Programs established pursuant to the "Colorado Medical Assistance Act", articles 4, 5, and 6 of title 25.5, C.R.S.; (c) The special supplemental food program for women, infants, and children, as provided for in 42 U.S.C. sec. 1786; (d) Assistance under the Colorado works program, as described in part 7 of article 2 of title 26, C.R.S. (34) "Publication" means printing one time, in one newspaper of general circulation in the political subdivision if there is such a newspaper, and, if not, then in a newspaper in the county in which the political subdivision is located. For a political subdivision with territory within more than one county, if publication cannot be made in one newspaper of general circulation in the political subdivision, then one publication is required in a newspaper in each county in which the political subdivision is located and in which the political subdivision also has fifty or more eligible electors. (34.2) "Purchase" means to enter into a contract for the purchase, lease, rental, or other acquisition of voting equipment. (34.4) "Ranked voting method" means a method of casting and tabulating votes that allows electors to rank the candidates for an office in order of preference and uses these preferences to determine the winner of the election. "Ranked voting method" includes instant runoff voting and choice voting or proportional voting as described in section 1-7-1003. (34.5) "Referred measure" includes any ballot question or ballot issue submitted by the general assembly or the governing body of any political subdivision to the eligible electors of the state or political subdivision pursuant to article 40 or 41 of this title. ection. "Ranked voting method" includes instant runoff voting and choice voting or proportional voting as described in section 1-7-1003. (34.5) "Referred measure" includes any ballot question or ballot issue submitted by the general assembly or the governing body of any political subdivision to the eligible electors of the state or political subdivision pursuant to article 40 or 41 of this title. (35) "Registered elector" means an elector, as defined in subsection (12) of this section, who has complied with the registration provisions of this code and who resides within or is eligible to vote in the jurisdiction of the political subdivision calling the election. If any provision of this code requires the signing of any document by a registered elector, the person making the signature shall be deemed to be a registered elector if the person's name and address at the time of signing the document matches the name and address for the person on the registration document at the county clerk and recorder's office, and as it appears on the master elector list on file with the secretary of state. (36) Repealed. (37) "Registration list" means the computer list of electors currently registered to vote as furnished and certified by the county clerk and recorder. (38) "Registration record" means the approved and completed form on which an elector has registered to vote, which includes the original signature of the registrant. "Registration record" includes a standard-size approved elector registration record to which a nonstandard completed form has been transferred by copy or manual entry. (39) "Regular biennial school election" means the election held on the first Tuesday in November of each odd-numbered year. (40) "Regular drainage ditch election" means the election held on the first Tuesday after the first Monday in January of each alternate year. (41) "Regular regional transportation district election" means the election held concurrently with the state general election in every even-numbered year during which the directors are elected. (42) "Regular special district election" means the election on the Tuesday succeeding the first Monday of May in every odd-numbered year, held for the purpose of electing members to the board of special districts and for submission of ballot issues, if any. (43) "Residence" means the principal or primary home or place of abode of a person, as set forth in section 1-2-102. (44) (Deleted by amendment, L. 96, p. 1732, § 2, effective July 1, 1996.) (45) "School district" means a school district organized and existing pursuant to law but does not include a local college district. (45.5) "Self-affirmation" means a sworn statement made in writing and signed by an individual, as though under oath. Any person falsely making a self-affirmation violates section 1-13-104. (46) "Special election" means any election called by a governing board for submission of ballot issues and other matters, as authorized by their enabling legislation. Any governing body may petition a district court judge who has jurisdiction over the political subdivision for permission to hold a special election on a day other than those specified in this subsection (46). The district court judge may grant permission only upon a finding that an election on the days specified would be impossible or impracticable or upon a finding that an unforeseeable emergency would require an election on a day other than those specified. (46.3) "Special legislative election" means an election called by the general assembly pursuant to part 3 of article 11 of this title. (46.5) "Statewide abstract of votes cast" means the record of the results in each election for candidates, ballot issues, and ballot questions that the secretary of state certified for the ballot. (46.7) "Statewide voter registration system" means the centralized statewide voter registration system, commonly referred to as "SCORE", created in section 1-2-301. part 3 of article 11 of this title. (46.5) "Statewide abstract of votes cast" means the record of the results in each election for candidates, ballot issues, and ballot questions that the secretary of state certified for the ballot. (46.7) "Statewide voter registration system" means the centralized statewide voter registration system, commonly referred to as "SCORE", created in section 1-2-301. (47) "Supervisor judge" means the election judge appointed by the designated election official to be in charge of the election process at a polling location. (48) "Taxable property" means real or personal property subject to general ad valorem taxes. For all elections and petitions that require ownership of real property or land, ownership of a mobile home or manufactured home, as defined in section 5-1-301 (29), 38-12-201.5 (5), or 42-1-102 (48.8), is sufficient to qualify as ownership of real property or land for the purpose of voting rights and petitions. (49) "Taxpaying elector" shall have the same meaning as provided in section 32-1-103 (23), C.R.S. (49.3) (a) "Term of imprisonment" or "full term of imprisonment" means the period during which an individual is serving a sentence of detention or confinement in any correctional facility, jail, or other location for a felony conviction. (b) This subsection (49.3) applies to this code for the purpose of applying section 10 of article VII of the state constitution. (c) "Term of imprisonment" or "full term of imprisonment" does not include the period during which an individual is on parole. (49.5) "Unaffiliated" means that a person is registered but not affiliated with a political party in accordance with the provisions of section 1-2-204 (2)(j). (49.7) "Undervote" means the failure of an elector to vote on a ballot question or ballot issue, the failure of an elector to vote for any candidate for an office, or the designation by an elector of fewer votes than there are offices to be filled; except that it is not an undervote if there are fewer candidates than offices to be filled and the elector designates as many votes as there are candidates. (49.8) Repealed. (49.9) "Video security surveillance recording" means video monitoring by a device that continuously records a designated location or a system using motion detection that records one frame or more per minute until detection of motion triggers continuous recording. (50) "Vote recorder" or "voting device" means any apparatus that the elector uses to record votes by marking a ballot card and that subsequently counts the votes by electronic tabulating equipment or records the votes electronically on a paper tape within the apparatus and simultaneously on an electronic tabulation device. (50.2) "Voter registration agency" means an office designated in section 1-2-504 to perform voter registration activities. (50.3) "Voter registration drive" means the distribution and collection of voter registration applications by two or more persons for delivery to a county clerk and recorder. (50.4) "Voter registration drive organizer" means a person, as defined in section 2-4-401 (8), C.R.S., that organizes a voter registration drive in the state. (50.5) "Voter service and polling center" means a location established for holding elections, other than a polling place, that offers the services described in section 1-5-102.9. (50.6) (a) "Voter-verified paper record" means an auditable paper record that: (I) Is available for the elector to inspect and verify before the vote is cast; (II) Is produced contemporaneously with or employed by any voting system; (III) Lists the designation of each office, the number or letter of each ballot issue or ballot question, and the elector's choice for each office, ballot issue, or ballot question and indicates any office, ballot issue, or ballot question for which the elector has not made a selection; (IV) Is suitable for a manual audit or recount; and d contemporaneously with or employed by any voting system; (III) Lists the designation of each office, the number or letter of each ballot issue or ballot question, and the elector's choice for each office, ballot issue, or ballot question and indicates any office, ballot issue, or ballot question for which the elector has not made a selection; (IV) Is suitable for a manual audit or recount; and (V) Is capable of being maintained as an election record in accordance with the requirements of section 1-7-802. (b) Any paper ballot that lists the title, along with any number, as applicable, of each candidate race, ballot issue, or ballot question, on which the elector has marked his or her choices in such races, issues, or questions shall constitute a voter-verified paper record for purposes of this subsection (50.6). (50.7) "Voting equipment" means electronic or electromechanical voting systems, electronic voting devices, and electronic vote-tabulating equipment, as well as materials, parts, or other equipment necessary for the operation and maintenance of such systems, devices, and equipment. (50.8) "Voting system" means a process of casting, recording, and tabulating votes using electromechanical or electronic devices or ballot cards and includes, but is not limited to, the procedures for casting and processing votes and the operating manuals, hardware, firmware, printouts, and software necessary to operate the voting system. (50.9) "Voting system provider" means an individual engaged in private enterprise or a business entity engaged in selling, leasing, marketing, designing, building, or modifying voting systems to the state, a political subdivision of the state, or another entity authorized to hold an election under this code. (51) "Watcher" means an eligible elector other than a candidate on the ballot who has been selected by a political party chairperson on behalf of the political party, by a party candidate at a primary election, by an unaffiliated candidate at a general, congressional vacancy, or nonpartisan election, or by a person designated by either the opponents or the proponents in the case of a ballot issue or ballot question. If selected by a political party chairperson or a party candidate, the watcher must be affiliated with that political party or unaffiliated as shown in the statewide voter registration system. If selected by an unaffiliated candidate, the watcher must be unaffiliated as shown in the statewide voter registration system.

C.R.S. § 1-1-105 Elections conducted pursuant to provisions that refer to qualified electors

1-1-105. Elections conducted pursuant to provisions that refer to qualified electors. Any election, and any acts relating thereto, including but not limited to elections under this code, the "Colorado Municipal Election Code of 1965", article 10 of title 31, C.R.S., school elections under title 22, C.R.S., and special district elections under title 32, C.R.S., which were conducted prior to July 1, 1987, pursuant to provisions which refer to a qualified elector rather than a registered elector and which were valid when conducted, shall be deemed and held to be legal and valid in all respects.

C.R.S. § 1-1-105.5 District elections conducted on or prior to May 3, 2016 - limitations on contests based on elector qualifications - exceptions - validation - definitions

1-1-105.5. District elections conducted on or prior to May 3, 2016 - limitations on contests based on elector qualifications - exceptions - validation - definitions. (1) (a) Except as provided in paragraph (c) of this subsection (1), for any district election conducted under this code or the "Colorado Local Government Election Code", article 13.5 of this title, and notwithstanding any provision of law to the contrary: (I) No district election conducted prior to April 21, 2016, may be contested on the grounds that any person who voted at such election was not an eligible elector unless such a contest was initiated prior to April 21, 2016. (II) No district election conducted on May 3, 2016, may be contested on the grounds that any person who voted at such election was not an eligible elector unless such a contest was initiated within the time period specified in section 1-11-213 or section 1-13.5-1403, C.R.S., as applicable. (b) Except when a contest to elector qualifications has been timely initiated as described in this section, this section validates, ratifies, and confirms the qualifications of any person who voted at any district election held on or before May 3, 2016, notwithstanding any defects or irregularities in such qualifications. (c) The bar to election contests in paragraph (a) of this subsection (1) does not apply to: (I) Any district election conducted after January 1, 2012, if the contest to such election is made on the grounds that federal or state constitutional rights of eligible electors were violated in the conduct of the election; or (II) Any district election conducted before January 1, 2012, if the contest to such election was initiated prior to April 21, 2016. (2) For purposes of this section, "district" means any district formed under part 5 of article 20 of title 30, part 6 of article 25 of title 31, part 8 of article 25 of title 31, part 12 of article 25 of title 31, or article 1 of title 32, C.R.S.

C.R.S. § 1-1-106 Computation of time

1-1-106. Computation of time. (1) Calendar days shall be used in all computations of time made under the provisions of this code. (2) In computing any period of days prescribed by this code, the day of the act or event from which the designated period of days begins to run shall not be included and the last day shall be included. Saturdays, Sundays, and legal holidays shall be included, except as provided in subsection (4) of this section. (3) If a number of months is to be computed by counting the months from a particular day, the period shall end on the same numerical day in the concluding month as the day of the month from which the computation is begun; except that, if there are not that many days in the concluding month, the counting period shall end on the last day of the concluding month. (4) If the last day for any act to be done or the last day of any period is a Saturday, Sunday, or legal holiday and completion of such act involves a filing or other action during business hours, the period is extended to include the next day which is not a Saturday, Sunday, or legal holiday. (5) If the state constitution or a state statute requires doing an act in "not less than" or "no later than" or "at least" a certain number of days or "prior to" a certain number of days or a certain number of months "before" the date of an election, or any phrase that suggests a similar meaning, the period is shortened to and ends on the prior business day that is not a Saturday, Sunday, or legal holiday, except as provided in section 1-2-201 (3).

C.R.S. § 1-1-107 Powers and duties of secretary of state - penalty

1-1-107. Powers and duties of secretary of state - penalty. (1) In addition to any other duties prescribed by law, the secretary of state has the following duties: (a) To supervise the conduct of primary, general, congressional vacancy, and statewide ballot issue elections in this state; (b) To enforce the provisions of this code; (c) With the assistance and advice of the attorney general, to make uniform interpretations of this code; (d) To coordinate the responsibilities of the state of Colorado under the federal "National Voter Registration Act of 1993", 52 U.S.C. sec. 20501 et seq.; and (e) To serve as the chief state election official within the meaning of the federal "Help America Vote Act of 2002", 52 U.S.C. 20901 et seq., and, in that capacity, to coordinate the responsibilities of the state of Colorado under the federal act in accordance with the requirements of this code. (2) In addition to any other powers prescribed by law, the secretary of state has the following powers: (a) To promulgate, publish, and distribute, either in conjunction with copies of the election laws pursuant to section 1-1-108 or separately, such rules as the secretary of state finds necessary for the proper administration and enforcement of the election laws, including but not limited to rules establishing the amount of fees as provided in this code; (b) To inspect, with or without the filing of a complaint by any person, and review the practices and procedures of county clerk and recorders, their employees, and other election officials in the conduct of primary, general, and congressional vacancy elections and the registration of electors in this state; (c) To employ, subject to section 13 of article XII of the state constitution, the personnel deemed necessary to efficiently carry out the powers and duties prescribed in this code; and (d) To enforce the provisions of this code by injunctive action brought by the attorney general in the district court for the judicial district in which any violation occurs. Upon an enforcement action being brought pursuant to this subsection (2)(d), the court shall expedite scheduling and the issuance of any orders such that a final ruling is made within thirty days of the action being filed. The court may continue the action beyond thirty days upon the motion of any party and upon a showing of good cause. The district court proceedings may be reviewed and finally adjudicated by the supreme court of this state if either party makes application to the supreme court within three days after the district court proceedings are terminated, unless the supreme court, in its discretion, declines jurisdiction of the case. The supreme court shall expedite scheduling and the issuance of any orders such that a final ruling is made within fourteen days of an appeal being filed. If the supreme court declines to review the proceedings, the decision of the district court is final and not subject to further appellate review. (3) Repealed. (4) Any other provision of law to the contrary notwithstanding, the office of the secretary of state, or the section or division administering the election laws of this state pursuant to this section, shall be open and available to the election officials and employees of the various political subdivisions conducting elections on each election day during the same hours that the polls are open for voting if the political subdivision has notified the office of the secretary of state that an election has been called and that the services of the office are desired. (5) The provisions of this section are enacted, pursuant to section 11 of article VII of the state constitution, to secure the purity of elections and to guard against the abuses of the elective franchise. (6) Repealed. e open for voting if the political subdivision has notified the office of the secretary of state that an election has been called and that the services of the office are desired. (5) The provisions of this section are enacted, pursuant to section 11 of article VII of the state constitution, to secure the purity of elections and to guard against the abuses of the elective franchise. (6) Repealed. (7) No person while serving in the office of secretary of state shall serve as the highest ranking official, whether actual or honorary, in the campaign of any candidate for federal or statewide office. This subsection (7) shall not apply to a campaign in which the secretary of state is the candidate. (8) The office of the secretary of state shall create training materials for county clerks and recorders to use to provide training and technical assistance to the individual designated by the sheriff pursuant to section 30-10-529 to facilitate voting for confined eligible electors at a county jail or detention center.

C.R.S. § 1-1-108 Copies of election laws and manual provided

1-1-108. Copies of election laws and manual provided. (1) No later than sixty days after each adjournment of the general assembly, the secretary of state shall transmit to the county clerk and recorder of each county a complete, updated copy of the pertinent sections of the election laws of the state. (2) No later than January 15 in even-numbered years, the division of local government in the department of local affairs shall transmit to the designated election official of each special district organized under article 1 of title 32, C.R.S., entitled to hold elections or, if there is no designated election official, to the chief executive officer of the special district, at least one copy of the election laws. The designated election officials or chief executive officers of those special districts may request additional copies of the election laws.

C.R.S. § 1-1-109 Forms prescribed - rules

1-1-109. Forms prescribed - rules. (1) Except as otherwise provided by this code, the secretary of state shall approve all forms required by this code, which forms shall be followed by county clerk and recorders, election judges, and other election officials. Prior to approving any election form, the secretary shall determine and consider best practices in the design and development of the form in order to minimize voter confusion and maximize ease of use. (2) A registered elector shall make elector registration information changes on an approved form, and the elector registration information changes must be entered on the elector's registration record and retained and stored in the statewide voter registration system. (3) The secretary of state shall promulgate rules in accordance with article 4 of title 24, C.R.S., as may be necessary to administer and enforce any requirement of this section, including any rules necessary to specify what constitutes approved and acceptable forms certified for use by eligible voters, campaigns, and voter registration drives and acceptance by election officials and any rules necessary to establish uniformity regarding the use of forms.

C.R.S. § 1-1-110 Powers of county clerk and recorder and deputy - communication to electors - repeal

1-1-110. Powers of county clerk and recorder and deputy - communication to electors - repeal. (1) The county clerk and recorder, in rendering decisions and interpretations under this code, shall consult with the secretary of state and follow the rules and orders promulgated by the secretary of state pursuant to this code. (1.5) Pursuant to section 24-4-106 (4.7), C.R.S., a county clerk and recorder is authorized to seek judicial review of final action undertaken by the secretary of state arising under this code. (2) All powers and authority granted to the county clerk and recorder by this code may be exercised by a deputy clerk in the absence of the county clerk and recorder or if the county clerk and recorder for any reason is unable to perform the required duties. (3) As the chief election official for the county, the county clerk and recorder shall be the chief designated election official for all coordinated elections. (3.5) (a) As the chief election official for the county, and to comply with this code and the rules and orders promulgated by the secretary of state, the county clerk and recorder shall set operational hours for the clerk and recorder's office. (b) This subsection (3.5) is repealed, effective January 31, 2025. (4) (a) Except as otherwise provided in section 1-2-302.5, any communication by mail from the county clerk and recorder to any registered elector pursuant to this title must be sent to the elector's address of record. (b) and (c) Repealed. (5) (a) Except as otherwise provided in this subsection (5) and notwithstanding any other provision of law, an elector may request to receive elections communication, except for ballots, confirmation cards, or correspondence sent in accordance with section 1-2-302.5 or 1-2-509 (3), from his or her county clerk and recorder by electronic transmission. With the request, the elector must submit an electronic-mail address to which the county clerk and recorder may send communication from the county clerk and recorder. The county clerk and recorder, upon receiving the request, may send all future elections communication, except for ballots, confirmation cards, or correspondence sent in accordance with section 1-2-302.5 or 1-2-509 (3), by electronic transmission to the electronic-mail address provided by the elector; except that: (I) If an elector subsequently requests to cease the electronic transmission and requests to receive future elections communication by mail, the county clerk and recorder shall comply with the request; or (II) If the county clerk and recorder, after sending such an electronic transmission, receives an undeliverable message or any other message indicating that the elector's electronic-mail address is no longer valid, the county clerk and recorder must send that particular communication by regular mail and shall not send any future elections communication by electronic transmission, unless the elector reapplies for electronic communications. (b) An electronic-mail address provided by an elector shall not be made available to the public or any individual or organization other than an authorized agent of the local election official, and is exempt from disclosure under article 72 of title 24, C.R.S. The address may be used only for official communication with the elector about the voting process, if the elector has requested such electronic transmission under this subsection (5). (c) All correspondence sent to an elector pursuant to this subsection (5) shall be maintained in the elector's registration records stored in the statewide voter registration system created in section 1-2-301; except that any undeliverable message or any other message indicating that the elector's electronic-mail address is no longer valid as described in subsection (5)(a)(II) of this section does not need to be stored in the statewide voter registration system. ion (5) shall be maintained in the elector's registration records stored in the statewide voter registration system created in section 1-2-301; except that any undeliverable message or any other message indicating that the elector's electronic-mail address is no longer valid as described in subsection (5)(a)(II) of this section does not need to be stored in the statewide voter registration system. (d) The failure of an elector to receive elections communication by electronic transmission is not grounds to invalidate an election if the county clerk and recorder acted in good faith in making the electronic transmission. (e) Nothing in paragraph (a) of this subsection (5) prevents the receipt or return of a ballot via electronic transfer as set forth in section 1-7.5-115.

C.R.S. § 1-1-111 Powers and duties of governing boards

1-1-111. Powers and duties of governing boards. (1) In addition to any other duties prescribed by law, the governing board of a political subdivision, other than a county or city and county, entitled to call elections shall have the following duties: (a) To supervise the conduct of regular and special elections which it is authorized or required to call; and (b) Where appropriate, to consult and coordinate with the county clerk and recorder of the county in which the political subdivision is located and with the secretary of state in regard to conducting elections and rendering decisions and interpretations under this code. (2) All powers and authority granted to the governing board of a political subdivision, other than a county or city and county, may be exercised by an election official designated by the board. The governing body may also contract with the county clerk and recorder of the county in which the political subdivision is organized to perform all or part of the required duties in conducting the election. (3) Elections which are set for the same date by various political subdivisions may be held as coordinated elections if the governing bodies so choose. Political subdivisions are authorized to cooperate and contract with each other to perform any function relating to an election.

C.R.S. § 1-1-112 Powers and duties of election commission

1-1-112. Powers and duties of election commission. (Repealed)

C.R.S. § 1-1-113 Neglect of duty and wrongful acts - procedures for adjudication of controversies - review by supreme court

1-1-113. Neglect of duty and wrongful acts - procedures for adjudication of controversies - review by supreme court. (1) When any controversy arises between any official charged with any duty or function under this code and any candidate, or any officers or representatives of a political party, or any persons who have made nominations or when any eligible elector files a verified petition in a district court of competent jurisdiction alleging that a person charged with a duty under this code has committed or is about to commit a breach or neglect of duty or other wrongful act, after notice to the official which includes an opportunity to be heard, upon a finding of good cause, the district court shall issue an order requiring substantial compliance with the provisions of this code. The order shall require the person charged to forthwith perform the duty or to desist from the wrongful act or to forthwith show cause why the order should not be obeyed. The burden of proof is on the petitioner. (2) Repealed. (3) The proceedings may be reviewed and finally adjudicated by the supreme court of this state, if either party makes application to the supreme court within three days after the district court proceedings are terminated, unless the supreme court, in its discretion, declines jurisdiction of the case. If the supreme court declines to review the proceedings, the decision of the district court shall be final and not subject to further appellate review. (4) Except as otherwise provided in this part 1, the procedure specified in this section shall be the exclusive method for the adjudication of controversies arising from a breach or neglect of duty or other wrongful act that occurs prior to the day of an election. (5) Notwithstanding any other provision of law, the procedures specified in section 1-1.5-105 shall constitute the exclusive administrative remedy for a complaint arising under Title III of the federal "Help America Vote Act of 2002", Pub.L. 107-252.

C.R.S. § 1-1-115 Colorado voter access and modernized elections commission - creation - composition - terms - duties - report - definition - repeal

1-1-115. Colorado voter access and modernized elections commission - creation - composition - terms - duties - report - definition - repeal. (Repealed)

C.R.S. § 1-1-116 Access to precinct caucus - party assembly

1-1-116. Access to precinct caucus - party assembly. (1) The general assembly, the secretary of state, and each political party shall ensure that the caucus process or any future alternative process by which candidates may access the ballot that is accessible to persons with disabilities remains an option in the state. (2) (a) Notwithstanding any provision to the contrary, within six months of August 7, 2024, any person, upon request, must be able to participate in a precinct caucus or a party assembly with the use of a video conferencing platform. The political party holding the caucus or assembly must allow participation with the use of a video conferencing platform without requiring or requesting an explanation of the need for the use of the video conferencing platform. It is in a political party's discretion to determine which video conferencing platform will be used for precinct caucuses and party assemblies so long as the platform is accessible to persons with disabilities. Each political party shall establish policies regarding the procedure and timeline for a person to request to participate in a precinct caucus or a party assembly with the use of a video conferencing platform. (b) The requirements of subsection (2)(a) of this section do not apply when a precinct caucus or party assembly occurs in a geographic location that is in an unserved area of the state, as defined in section 40-15-102 (32). (c) A political party holding a precinct caucus or party assembly that is exempt pursuant to subsection (2)(b) of this section from the requirements of subsection (2)(a) of this section must allow participation with the use of an alternative to a video conferencing platform, such as a telephone conference call. The alternative means of participation used by a political party in accordance with this subsection (2)(c) must be accessible to persons with disabilities. (d) A political party may require that a person request to participate in a precinct caucus or a party assembly with the use of a video conferencing platform, or an alternative to a video conferencing platform as provided in subsection (2)(c) of this section, not more than thirty days in advance of the precinct caucus or party assembly. (3) The failure of any political party to make a reasonable effort to comply with the requirements of this section constitutes discrimination on the basis of disability in violation of section 24-34-802. Any person who is subjected to a violation of this section is entitled to seek all relief provided in section 24-34-802. (4) Any action taken pursuant to this section does not limit or preclude a person from securing or recovering any other available remedy including any remedy provided by the federal "Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990", 42 U.S.C. sec. 12101 et seq., as amended, and the Colorado anti-discrimination act, parts 3 through 8 of article 34 of title 24.

C.R.S. § 1-1-201 Commencement of terms - state, congressional district, and county officers

1-1-201. Commencement of terms - state, congressional district, and county officers. The regular terms of office of all state, congressional district, and county officers shall commence on the second Tuesday of January next after their election, except as otherwise provided by law.

C.R.S. § 1-1-202 Commencement of terms - nonpartisan officers

1-1-202. Commencement of terms - nonpartisan officers. The regular terms of office of all nonpartisan officers elected at regular elections shall commence at the next meeting of the governing body following the date of the election, but no later than thirty days following the survey of returns and upon the signing of an oath and posting of a bond, where required, unless otherwise provided by law. If the election is canceled in whole or in part pursuant to section 1-5-208 (1.5), then the regular term of office of a nonpartisan officer shall commence at the next meeting of the governing body following the date of the regular election, but no later than thirty days following the date of the regular election and upon the signing of an oath and posting of a bond, where required, unless otherwise provided by law.

C.R.S. § 1-1-203 End of term

1-1-203. End of term. A person elected or appointed to an office shall hold office until the successor is elected, qualified, and takes office on the second Tuesday of January, unless otherwise provided by law.

C.R.S. § 1-1-301 Certification program

1-1-301. Certification program. (1) The secretary of state shall establish and operate or provide by contract a certification program for local election officials on the conduct of elections, the federal "Help America Vote Act of 2002", 52 U.S.C. 20901 et seq., and other topics related to elections. (2) The secretary of state shall establish by rule a curriculum for the certification program, including core requirements and electives, the required number of hours, and methods for continuing education. (3) The secretary of state shall provide staffing and support services for the certification program. (4) The secretary of state shall appoint an advisory board to oversee the certification process and the development of the curriculum.

C.R.S. § 1-1-302 Persons required to complete certification - deadline

1-1-302. Persons required to complete certification - deadline. (1) The following persons shall obtain certification in accordance with this part 3: (a) The county clerk and recorder; (b) Employees in the clerk and recorder's office who are directly responsible for overseeing elections; (c) Other employees in the clerk and recorder's office at the discretion of the clerk and recorder; (d) A designated election official for a county and a coordinated election official for a county; and (e) Employees in the election division of the department of state at the discretion of the secretary of state. (1.5) The secretary of state is strongly encouraged to obtain certification in accordance with this part 3. (2) A person required to obtain certification shall: (a) (Deleted by amendment, L. 2006, p. 2030, § 6, effective June 6, 2006.) (b) Complete the certification requirements within one year of undertaking the responsibilities for which the person is required to obtain certification; except that a county clerk or deputy county clerk must complete the certification requirements required by this section within six months of taking office or before serving as the designated election official for a county or a coordinated election official, whichever is sooner; and (c) Comply with the continuing education requirements prescribed by the secretary of state by rule. (2.5) A person who is required to obtain certification pursuant to this section shall not serve as the designated election official for a county or the coordinated election official for a county unless the person has completed and maintained the certification required by this section. The department of state will make courses sufficiently available to enable persons to comply with the timing requirements for certification in this section. The secretary of state may waive the requirements of this subsection (2.5) for an individual who is appointed to the role of clerk, deputy clerk, designated election official for a county, or coordinated election official three months or less before an election. (3) Nothing in this section is construed to require an elected official to attend a course of instruction or obtain a certification as a condition for seeking or holding elective office or as a condition for carrying out constitutional duties.

C.R.S. § 1-1-303 Certification courses

1-1-303. Certification courses. (1) The curriculum for certification in accordance with this part 3 must include courses in the following areas: (a) General election law; (b) The federal "Help America Vote Act of 2002"; (c) Professional development; (d) Voter registration and list maintenance; (e) Accessibility; (f) Coordinated elections; (g) Mail ballot and in-person voting processes; (h) Voting systems testing; (i) Risk-limiting audits; and (j) Canvass. (2) The secretary of state shall offer certification courses at least annually.

C.R.S. § 1-1-304 Qualifications and conduct of election officials

1-1-304. Qualifications and conduct of election officials. (1) A person shall not serve as the designated election official for a county or as the coordinated election official if the person: (a) Has been convicted of any election offense found in article 13 of title 1 or any similar election offense in another state; or (b) Has been convicted of committing or conspiracy to commit sedition, insurrection, treason, conspiracy to overthrow government by use of physical force or violence, or any similar federal offense.
Source: Open US Law by Vaquill AI (CC BY 4.0)URL: https://leg.colorado.gov/sites/default/files/images/olls/crs2024-title-01.docxFetched: 10/6/2026

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