USC Subchapter IV

USC Subchapter IV
in effect

19 U.S.C. § 4581 References in part

Any reference in this part to an Annex, chapter, or article shall be considered to be a reference to the respective Annex, chapter, or article of the USMCA.

19 U.S.C. § 4582 Organizational and administrative provisions

(a) Criteria for selection of individuals to serve on panels and committees(1) In generalThe selection of individuals under this section for—(A) placement on lists prepared by the interagency group under subsection (c)(2)(B)(i) and (ii); (B) placement on preliminary candidate lists under subsection (c)(3)(A); (C) placement on final candidate lists under subsection (c)(4)(A); (D) placement by the Trade Representative on the rosters described in paragraph 1 of Annex 10–B.1 and paragraph 1 of Annex 10–B.3; and (E) appointment by the Trade Representative for service on the panels and committees convened under chapter 10; shall be made on the basis of the criteria provided in paragraph 1 of Annex 10–B.1 and paragraph 1 of Annex 10–B.3 and shall be made without regard to political affiliation. (2) Additional criteria for roster placements and appointmentsRosters described in paragraph 1 of Annex 10–B.1 shall include, to the fullest extent practicable, judges and former judges who meet the criteria referred to in paragraph (1). The Trade Representative shall, subject to subsection (b), appoint judges to binational panels convened under chapter 10, extraordinary challenge committees convened under chapter 10, and special committees established under article 10.13, where such judges offer and are available to serve and such service is authorized by the chief judge of the court on which they sit. (b) Selection of certain judges to serve on panels and committees(1) ApplicabilityThis subsection applies only with respect to the selection of individuals for binational panels convened under chapter 10, extraordinary challenge committees convened under chapter 10, and special committees established under article 10.13, who are judges of courts created under article III of the Constitution of the United States. (2) Consultation with chief judgesThe Trade Representative shall consult, from time to time, with the chief judges of the Federal judicial circuits regarding the interest in, and availability for, participation in binational panels, extraordinary challenge committees, and special committees, of judges within their respective circuits. If the chief judge of a Federal judicial circuit determines that it is appropriate for one or more judges within that circuit to be included on a roster described in subsection (a)(1)(D), the chief judge shall identify all such judges for the Chief Justice of the United States who may, upon his or her approval, submit the names of such judges to the Trade Representative. The Trade Representative shall include the names of such judges on the roster. (3) Submission of lists to CongressThe Trade Representative shall submit to the Committee on the Judiciary and the Committee on Ways and Means of the House of Representatives and to the Committee on Finance and the Committee on the Judiciary of the Senate a list of all judges included on a roster under paragraph (2). Such list shall be submitted at the same time as the final candidate lists are submitted under subsection (c)(4)(A) and the final forms of amendments are submitted under subsection (c)(4)(C)(iv). (4) Appointment of judges to panels or committeesAt such time as the Trade Representative proposes to appoint a judge described in paragraph (1) to a binational panel, an extraordinary challenge committee, or a special committee, the Trade Representative shall consult with that judge in order to ascertain whether the judge is available for such appointment. (c) Selection of other candidates(1) ApplicabilityThis subsection applies only with respect to the selection of individuals for binational panels convened under chapter 10, extraordinary challenge committees convened under chapter 10, and special committees established under article 10.13, other than those individuals to whom subsection (b) applies. (2) Interagency group(A) EstablishmentThere is established within the interagency organization established under section 1872 of this title an interagency group which shall—(i) be chaired by the Trade Representative; and (ii) consist of such officers (or the designees thereof) of the United States Government as the Trade Representative considers appropriate. (B) FunctionsThe interagency group established under subparagraph (A) shall, in a manner consistent with chapter 10—(i) prepare by January 3 of each calendar year—(I) a list of individuals who are qualified to serve as members of binational panels convened under chapter 10; and (II) a list of individuals who are qualified to serve on extraordinary challenge committees convened under chapter 10 and special committees established under article 10.13; (ii) if the Trade Representative makes a request under paragraph (4)(C)(i) with respect to a final candidate list during any calendar year, prepare by July 1 of such calendar year a list of those individuals who are qualified to be added to that final candidate list; (iii) exercise oversight of the administration of the United States Section that is authorized to be established under section 105; 11 See References in Text note below. and (iv) make recommendations to the Trade Representative regarding the convening of extraordinary challenge committees and special committees under chapter 10. (3) Preliminary candidate lists(A) In generalThe Trade Representative shall select individuals from the respective lists prepared by the interagency group under paragraph (2)(B)(i) for placement on—(i) a preliminary candidate list of individuals eligible to serve as members of binational panels under Annex 10–B.1; and (ii) a preliminary candidate list of individuals eligible for selection as members of extraordinary challenge committees under Annex 10–B.3 and special committees under article 10.13. (B) Submission of lists to Congressional Committees(i) In generalNo later than January 3 of each calendar year, the Trade Representative shall submit to the Committee on Finance of the Senate and the Committee on Ways and Means of the House of Representatives (hereafter in this section referred to as the “appropriate Congressional Committees”) the preliminary candidate lists of those individuals selected by the Trade Representative under subparagraph (A) to be candidates eligible to serve on panels or committees convened pursuant to chapter 10 during the 1-year period beginning on April 1 of such calendar year. (ii) Additional informationAt the time the candidate lists are submitted under clause (i), the Trade Representative shall submit for each individual on the list a statement of professional qualifications. (C) ConsultationUpon submission of the preliminary candidate lists under subparagraph (B) to the appropriate Congressional Committees, the Trade Representative shall consult with such Committees with regard to the individuals included on the preliminary candidate lists. (D) Revision of listsThe Trade Representative may add and delete individuals from the preliminary candidate lists submitted under subparagraph (B) after consultation with the appropriate Congressional Committees regarding the additions and deletions. The Trade Representative shall provide to the appropriate Congressional Committees written notice of any addition or deletion of an individual from the preliminary candidate lists, along with the information described in subparagraph (B)(ii) with respect to any proposed addition. (4) Final candidate lists(A) Submission of lists to Congressional CommitteesNo later than March 31 of each calendar year, the Trade Representative shall submit to the appropriate Congressional Committees the final candidate lists of those individuals selected by the Trade Representative to be candidates eligible to serve on panels and committees convened under chapter 10 during the 1-year period beginning on April 1 of such calendar year. An individual may be included on a final candidate list only if such individual was included in the preliminary candidate list or if written notice of the addition of such individual to the preliminary candidate list was submitted to the appropriate Congressional Committees at least 15 days before the date on which that final candidate list is submitted to such Committees under this subparagraph. (B) Finality of listsExcept as provided in subparagraph (C), no additions may be made to the final candidate lists after the final candidate lists are submitted to the appropriate Congressional Committees under subparagraph (A). (C) Amendment of lists(i) In generalIf, after the Trade Representative has submitted the final candidate lists to the appropriate Congressional Committees under subparagraph (A) for a calendar year and before July 1 of such calendar year, the Trade Representative determines that additional individuals need to be added to a final candidate list, the Trade Representative shall—(I) request the interagency group established under paragraph (2)(A) to prepare a list of individuals who are qualified to be added to such candidate list; (II) select individuals from the list prepared by the interagency group under paragraph (2)(B)(ii) to be included in a proposed amendment to such final candidate list; and (III) by no later than July 1 of such calendar year, submit to the appropriate Congressional Committees the proposed amendments to such final candidate list developed by the Trade Representative under subclause (II), along with the information described in paragraph (3)(B)(ii). (ii) Consultation with Congressional CommitteesUpon submission of a proposed amendment under clause (i)(III) to the appropriate Congressional Committees, the Trade Representative shall consult with the appropriate Congressional Committees with regard to the individuals included in the proposed amendment. (iii) Adjustment of proposed amendmentThe Trade Representative may add and delete individuals from any proposed amendment submitted under clause (i)(III) after consulting with the appropriate Congressional Committees with regard to the additions and deletions. The Trade Representative shall provide to the appropriate Congressional Committees written notice of any addition or deletion of an individual from the proposed amendment. (iv) Final amendment(I) In generalIf the Trade Representative submits under clause (i)(III) in any calendar year a proposed amendment to a final candidate list, the Trade Representative shall, no later than September 30 of such calendar year, submit to the appropriate Congressional Committees the final form of such amendment. On October 1 of such calendar year, such amendment shall take effect and, subject to subclause (II), the individuals included in the final form of such amendment shall be added to the final candidate list. (II) Inclusion of individualsAn individual may be included in the final form of an amendment submitted under subclause (I) only if such individual was included in the proposed form of such amendment or if written notice of the addition of such individual to the proposed form of such amendment was submitted to the appropriate Congressional Committees at least 15 days before the date on which the final form of such amendment is submitted to such Committees under subclause (I). (III) Eligibility for serviceIndividuals added to a final candidate list under subclause (I) shall be eligible to serve on panels or committees convened under chapter 10 during the 6-month period beginning on October 1 of the calendar year in which such addition occurs. (IV) Finality of amendmentNo additions may be made to the final form of an amendment described in subclause (I) after the final form of such amendment is submitted to the appropriate Congressional Committees under subclause (I). (5) Treatment of responsesFor purposes of applying section 1001 of title 18, the written or oral responses of individuals to inquiries of the interagency group established under paragraph (2)(A) or of the Trade Representative regarding their personal and professional qualifications, and financial and other relevant interests, that bear on their suitability for the placements and appointments described in subsection (a)(1), shall be treated as matters within the jurisdiction of an agency of the United States. (d) Selection and appointment(1) Authority of Trade RepresentativeThe Trade Representative is the only officer of the United States Government authorized to act on behalf of the United States Government in making any selection or appointment of an individual to—(A) the rosters described in paragraph 1 of Annex 10–B.1 and paragraph 1 of Annex 10–B.3; or (B) the panels or committees convened under chapter 10; that is to be made solely or jointly by the United States Government under the terms of the Agreement. (2) Restrictions on selection and appointmentExcept as provided in paragraph (3)—(A) the Trade Representative may—(i) select an individual for placement on the rosters described in paragraph 1 of Annex 10–B.1 and paragraph 1 of Annex 10–B.3 during the 1-year period beginning on April 1 of any calendar year; (ii) appoint an individual to serve as one of those members of any panel or committee convened under chapter 10 during such 1-year period who, under the terms of the USMCA, are to be appointed solely by the United States Government; or (iii) act to make a joint appointment with the Government of a USMCA country, under the terms of the Agreement, of any individual who is a citizen or national of the United States to serve as any other member of such a panel or committee; only if such individual is on the appropriate final candidate list that was submitted to the appropriate Congressional Committees under subsection (c)(4)(A) during such calendar year or on such list as it may be amended under subsection (c)(4)(C)(iv)(I), or on the list submitted under subsection (b)(3) to the Congressional Committees referred to in such subsection; and (B) no individual may—(i) be selected by the United States Government for placement on the rosters described in paragraph 1 of Annex 10–B.1 and paragraph 1 of Annex 10–B.3; or (ii) be appointed solely or jointly by the United States Government to serve as a member of a panel or committee convened under chapter 10; during the 1-year period beginning on April 1 of any calendar year for which the Trade Representative has not met the requirements of subsection (a), and of subsection (b) or (c) (as the case may be). (3) ExceptionsNotwithstanding subsection (c)(3) (other than subparagraph (B)), subsection (c)(4), or paragraph (2)(A) of this subsection, individuals included on the preliminary candidate lists submitted to the appropriate Congressional Committees under subsection (c)(3)(B) may—(A) be selected by the Trade Representative for placement on the rosters described in paragraph 1 of Annex 10–B.1 and paragraph 1 of Annex 10–B.3 during the 3-month period beginning on the date on which the Agreement enters into force with respect to the United States; and (B) be appointed solely or jointly by the Trade Representative under the terms of the Agreement to serve as members of panels or committees that are convened under chapter 10 during such 3-month period. (e) TransitionIf the USMCA enters into force after January 3, 2020, the provisions of subsection (c) shall be applied with respect to the calendar year in which such entering into force occurs—(1) by substituting “the date that is 30 days after the date on which the Agreement enters into force with respect to the United States” for “January 3 of each calendar year” in subsections (c)(2)(B)(i) and (c)(3)(B)(i); and (2) by substituting “the date that is 3 months after the date on which the Agreement enters into force with respect to the United States” for “March 31 of each calendar year” in subsection (c)(4)(A). (f) ImmunityWith the exception of acts described in section 777(f)(3) of the Tariff Act of 1930 (19 U.S.C. 1677f(f)(3)), individuals serving on panels or committees convened pursuant to chapter 10, and individuals designated to assist the individuals serving on such panels or committees, shall be immune from suit and legal process relating to acts performed by such individuals in their official capacity and within the scope of their functions as such panelists or committee members or assistants to such panelists or committee members. (g) RegulationsThe administering authority under title VII of the Tariff Act of 1930 [19 U.S.C. 1671 et seq.], the International Trade Commission, and the Trade Representative may promulgate such regulations as are necessary or appropriate to carry out actions in order to implement their respective responsibilities under chapter 10. Initial regulations to carry out such functions shall be issued before the date on which the Agreement enters into force with respect to the United States. (h) Report to CongressAt such time as the final candidate lists are submitted under subsection (c)(4)(A) and the final forms of amendments are submitted under subsection (c)(4)(C)(iv), the Trade Representative shall submit to the Committee on the Judiciary and the Committee on Ways and Means of the House of Representatives, and to the Committee on Finance and the Committee on the Judiciary of the Senate, a report regarding the efforts made to secure the participation of judges and former judges on binational panels, extraordinary challenge committees, and special committees established under chapter 10.

19 U.S.C. § 4583 Testimony and production of papers in extraordinary challenges

(a) Authority of extraordinary challenge committee to obtain informationIf an extraordinary challenge committee (hereafter in this section referred to as the “committee”) is convened under paragraph 13 of article 10.12, and the allegations before the committee include a matter referred to in paragraph 13(a)(i) of article 10.12, for the purposes of carrying out its functions and duties under Annex 10–B.3, the committee—(1) shall have access to, and the right to copy, any document, paper, or record pertinent to the subject matter under consideration, in the possession of any individual, partnership, corporation, association, organization, or other entity; (2) may summon witnesses, take testimony, and administer oaths; (3) may require any individual, partnership, corporation, association, organization, or other entity to produce documents, books, or records relating to the matter in question; and (4) may require any individual, partnership, corporation, association, organization, or other entity to furnish in writing, in such detail and in such form as the committee may prescribe, information in its possession pertaining to the matter. Any member of the committee may sign subpoenas, and members of the committee, when authorized by the committee, may administer oaths and affirmations, examine witnesses, take testimony, and receive evidence. (b) Witnesses and evidenceThe attendance of witnesses who are authorized to be summoned, and the production of documentary evidence authorized to be ordered, under subsection (a) may be required from any place in the United States at any designated place of hearing. In the case of disobedience to a subpoena authorized under subsection (a), the committee may request the Attorney General of the United States to invoke the aid of any district or territorial court of the United States in requiring the attendance and testimony of witnesses and the production of documentary evidence. Such court, within the jurisdiction of which such inquiry is carried on, may, in case of contumacy or refusal to obey a subpoena issued to any individual, partnership, corporation, association, organization, or other entity, issue an order requiring such individual or entity to appear before the committee, or to produce documentary evidence if so ordered or to give evidence concerning the matter in question. Any failure to obey such order of the court may be punished by such court as a contempt thereof. (c) MandamusAny court referred to in subsection (b) shall have jurisdiction to issue writs of mandamus commanding compliance with the provisions of this section or any order of the committee made in pursuance thereof. (d) DepositionsThe committee may order testimony to be taken by deposition at any stage of the committee review. Such deposition may be taken before any person designated by the committee and having power to administer oaths. Such testimony shall be reduced to writing by the person taking the deposition, or under the direction of such person, and shall then be subscribed by the deponent. Any individual, partnership, corporation, association, organization, or other entity may be compelled to appear and be deposed and to produce documentary evidence in the same manner as witnesses may be compelled to appear and testify and produce documentary evidence before the committee, as provided in this section.

19 U.S.C. § 4584 Requests for review of determinations by competent investigating authorities

(a) DefinitionsAs used in this section:(1) Competent investigating authorityThe term “competent investigating authority” means the competent investigating authority, as defined in article 10.8, of a USMCA country. (2) United States SecretaryThe term “United States Secretary” means that officer of the United States referred to in article 10.16. (b) Requests for review by United StatesIn the case of a final determination of a competent investigating authority, requests by the United States for binational panel review of such determination under article 10.12 shall be made by the United States Secretary. (c) Requests for review by personIn the case of a final determination of a competent investigating authority, a person, within the meaning of paragraph 5 of article 10.12, may request a binational panel review of such determination by filing such a request with the United States Secretary within the time limit provided for in paragraph 4 of article 10.12. The receipt of such request by the United States Secretary shall be deemed to be a request for binational panel review within the meaning of article 10.12. The request for such panel review shall be without prejudice to any challenge before a binational panel of the basis for a particular request for review. (d) Service of request for reviewWhenever binational panel review of a final determination made by a competent investigating authority is requested under this section, the United States Secretary shall serve a copy of the request on all persons who would otherwise be entitled under the law of the importing country to commence proceedings for judicial review of the determination.

19 U.S.C. § 4585 Rules of procedure for panels and committees

(a) Rules of procedure for binational panelsThe administering authority shall prescribe rules, negotiated in accordance with paragraph 14 of article 10.12, governing, with respect to binational panel reviews—(1) requests for such reviews, complaints, other pleadings, and other papers; (2) the amendment, filing, and service of such pleadings and papers; (3) the joinder, suspension, and termination of such reviews; and (4) other appropriate procedural matters. (b) Rules of procedure for extraordinary challenge committeesThe administering authority shall prescribe rules, negotiated in accordance with paragraph 2 of Annex 10–B.3, governing the procedures for reviews by extraordinary challenge committees. (c) Rules of procedure for safeguarding panel review systemThe administering authority shall prescribe rules, negotiated in accordance with Annex 10–B.4, governing the procedures for special committees described in such Annex. (d) Publication of rulesThe rules prescribed under subsections (a), (b), and (c) shall be published in the Federal Register. (e) Administering authorityAs used in this section, the term “administering authority” has the meaning given such term in section 1677(1) of this title.

19 U.S.C. § 4586 Subsidy negotiations

In the case of any trade agreement which may be entered into by the President with a USMCA country, the negotiating objectives of the United States with respect to subsidies shall include— (1) achievement of increased discipline on domestic subsidies provided by a foreign government, including—(A) the provision of capital, loans, or loan guarantees on terms inconsistent with commercial considerations; (B) the provision of goods or services at preferential rates; (C) the granting of funds or forgiveness of debt to cover operating losses sustained by a specific industry; and (D) the assumption of any costs or expenses of manufacture, production, or distribution; (2) achievement of increased discipline on export subsidies provided by a foreign government, particularly with respect to agricultural products; and (3) maintenance of effective remedies against subsidized imports, including, where appropriate, countervailing duties.

19 U.S.C. § 4587 Identification of industries facing subsidized imports

(a) PetitionsAny entity, including a trade association, firm, certified or recognized union, or group of workers, that is representative of a United States industry and has reason to believe—(1) that—(A) as a result of implementation of provisions of the USMCA, the industry is likely to face increased competition from subsidized imports, from a USMCA country, with which it directly competes; or (B) the industry is likely to face increased competition from subsidized imports with which it directly competes from any other country designated by the President, following consultations with the Congress, as benefiting from a reduction of tariffs or other trade barriers under a trade agreement that enters into force with respect to the United States after January 1, 1994; and (2) that the industry is likely to experience a deterioration of its competitive position before more effective rules and disciplines relating to the use of government subsidies have been developed with respect to the country concerned; may file with the Trade Representative a petition that such industry be identified under this section. (b) Identification of industryWithin 90 days after receipt of a petition under subsection (a), the Trade Representative, in consultation with the Secretary of Commerce, shall decide whether to identify the industry on the basis that there is a reasonable likelihood that the industry may face both the subsidization described in subsection (a)(1) and the deterioration described in subsection (a)(2). (c) Action after identificationAt the request of an entity that is representative of an industry identified under subsection (b), the Trade Representative shall—(1) compile and make available to the industry information under section 2418 of this title; (2) recommend to the President that an investigation by the International Trade Commission be requested under section 332 of the Tariff Act of 1930 [19 U.S.C. 1332]; or (3) take actions described in both paragraphs (1) and (2). The industry may request the Trade Representative to take appropriate action to update (as often as annually) any information obtained under paragraph (1) or (2), or both, as the case may be, until an agreement on more effective rules and disciplines relating to government subsidies is reached between the United States and the USMCA countries. (d) Initiation of action under other law(1) In generalThe Trade Representative and the Secretary of Commerce shall review information obtained under subsection (c) and consult with the industry identified under subsection (b) with a view to deciding whether any action is appropriate—(A) under section 2411 of this title, including the initiation of an investigation under section 2412(c) of this title (in the case of the Trade Representative); or (B) under subtitle A of title VII of the Tariff Act of 1930 [19 U.S.C. 1671 et seq.], including the initiation of an investigation under section 702(a) of that Act [19 U.S.C. 1671a(a)] (in the case of the Secretary of Commerce). (2) Criteria for initiationIn determining whether to initiate any investigation under section 2411 of this title or any other trade law, other than title VII of the Tariff Act of 1930 [19 U.S.C. 1671 et seq.], the Trade Representative, after consultation with the Secretary of Commerce—(A) shall seek the advice of the advisory committees established under section 2155 of this title; (B) shall consult with the Committee on Finance of the Senate and the Committee on Ways and Means of the House of Representatives; (C) shall coordinate with the interagency organization established under section 1872 of this title; and (D) may ask the President to request advice from the International Trade Commission. (3) Title III actionsIn the event an investigation is initiated under section 2412(c) of this title as a result of a review under this subsection and the Trade Representative, following such investigation (including any applicable dispute settlement proceedings under the USMCA or any other trade agreement), determines to take action under section 2411(a) of this title, the Trade Representative shall give preference to actions that most directly affect the products that benefit from governmental subsidies and were the subject of the investigation, unless there are no significant imports of such products or the Trade Representative otherwise determines that application of the action to other products would be more effective. (e) Effect of decisionsAny decision, whether positive or negative, or any action by the Trade Representative or the Secretary of Commerce under this section shall not in any way—(1) prejudice the right of any industry to file a petition under any trade law; (2) prejudice, affect, or substitute for, any proceeding, investigation, determination, or action by the Secretary of Commerce, the International Trade Commission, or the Trade Representative pursuant to such a petition; or (3) prejudice, affect, substitute for, or obviate any proceeding, investigation, or determination under section 2411 of this title, title VII of the Tariff Act of 1930 [19 U.S.C. 1671 et seq.], or any other trade law. (f) StandingNothing in this section may be construed to alter in any manner the requirements in effect before January 29, 2020, for standing under any law of the United States or to add any additional requirements for standing under any law of the United States.

19 U.S.C. § 4588 Treatment of amendments to antidumping and countervailing duty law

Any amendment enacted after the USMCA that is made to— (1) section 303 11 See References in Text note below. or title VII of the Tariff Act of 1930 [19 U.S.C. 1671 et seq.], or any successor statute, or (2) any other statute which—(A) provides for judicial review of final determinations under such section, title, or successor statute, or (B) indicates the standard of review to be applied, shall apply to goods from a USMCA country only to the extent specified in the amendment.

19 U.S.C. § 4601 Effect of termination of USMCA country status

(a) In generalExcept as provided in subsection (b), on the date on which a country ceases to be a USMCA country, the provisions of this title 11 See References in Text note below. (other than this section) and the amendments made by this title 1 shall cease to have effect with respect to that country. (b) Transition provisions(1) Proceedings regarding protective orders and undertakingsIf on the date on which a country ceases to be a USMCA country an investigation or enforcement proceeding concerning the violation of a protective order issued under section 1677f(f) of this title (as amended by this title 1 ) or an undertaking of the government of that country is pending, the investigation or proceeding shall continue, and sanctions may continue to be imposed, in accordance with the provisions of such section 1677f(f) of this title (as so amended). (2) Binational panel and extraordinary challenge committee reviewsIf on the date on which a country ceases to be a USMCA country—(A) a binational panel review under article 10.12 of the USMCA is pending, or has been requested, or (B) an extraordinary challenge committee review under that article is pending, or has been requested, with respect to a determination which involves a class or kind of merchandise and to which subsection (g)(2) of section 1516a of this title applies, such determination shall be reviewable under subsection (a) of that section. In the case of a determination to which the provisions of this paragraph apply, the time limits for commencing an action under 1516a(a) 22 So in original. Probably should be preceded by “section”. of this title shall not begin to run until the date on which the USMCA ceases to be in force with respect to that country.

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