Limitation on exemplary damages
N.D. Cent. Code § 19-02.1-26
in effect19-02.1-26. Limitation on exemplary damages
1. Exemplary damages may not be awarded against the manufacturer or seller of a
product or device that caused the harm claimed by the plaintiff if:
a. The product or device was subject to approval under 21 U.S.C. 355 or premarket
approval under 21 U.S.C. 360e by the food and drug administration with respect
to the safety of formulation or performance of the aspect of the product or device
that caused the harm, or by the adequacy of the packaging or labeling of the
product or device; or
b. The product or device was approved by the food and drug administration.
2. Subsection 1 does not apply in a case in which it is determined on the basis of clear
and convincing evidence that the defendant:
a. Withheld from or misrepresented to the food and drug administration information
concerning the product or device which is required to be submitted under the
federal act which is material and relevant to the harm suffered by the claimant;
b. Made an illegal payment to an official of the food and drug administration for the
purpose of securing approval of the product or device;
c. Failed to use reasonable care to comply with the food and drug administration
regulations concerning the manufacture of, or the investigation and correction of
defects in design or manufacture of, a medical device, and the failure to comply
has caused the harm suffered by the plaintiff;
d. Made a significant or knowing departure from official food and drug administration
requirements; or
e. Acted with conscious disregard for human safety.
Source: Open US Law by Vaquill AI (CC BY 4.0)URL: https://ndlegis.gov/cencode/t19c02-1.pdf#nameddest=19-02p1-26Fetched: 10/16/2026