Insurers and producers have the following duties to ensure that annuities that are recommended are in the consumer’s best interest:
(a)
Best Interest Obligations. A producer, when making a recommendation of an annuity, shall act in the best interest of the consumer under the circumstances known at the time the recommendation is made, without placing the producer’s or insurer’s financial interest ahead of the consumer’s interest. A producer has acted in the best interest of the consumer if they have satisfied all of the following obligations regarding care, disclosure, conflict of interest, and documentation:
(1)
Care Obligation.
(A)
The producer, in making a recommendation, shall exercise reasonable diligence, care, and skill to:
(i)
Know the consumer’s financial situation, financial needs, insurance needs, and financial objectives.
(ii)
Understand the available recommendation options after making a reasonable inquiry into options available to the producer.
(iii)
Have a reasonable basis to believe the recommended option effectively addresses the consumer’s financial situation, financial needs, insurance needs, and financial objectives over the life of the annuity, as evaluated in light of the consumer profile information.
(iv)
Have a reasonable basis to believe that the consumer would receive a tangible net benefit from the transaction over the life of the
product.
(v)
Communicate the basis or bases of the recommendation to the consumer orally and in writing and to the insurer in writing.
(B)
The producer’s or insurer’s recommendation to the consumer shall be based on an evaluation of the consumer’s relevant consumer profile information and other relevant information, and shall reflect the care, skill, prudence, and diligence that a reasonable producer with similar authority and licensure who is familiar with those matters would use under the circumstances then prevailing.
(C)
The requirements under subparagraphs (A) and (B) include making reasonable efforts to obtain consumer profile information from the consumer prior to the recommendation of an annuity.
(D)
The requirements under subparagraphs (A) and
(B) require a producer to consider the types of products the producer is authorized and licensed to recommend or sell that address the consumer’s financial situation, insurance needs, and financial objectives. This does not require analysis or consideration of any products outside the authority and license of the producer or other possible alternative products or strategies available in the market at the time of the recommendation. Producers shall be held to standards applicable to producers with similar authority and licensure.
(E)
This subdivision does not create a fiduciary obligation or relationship and only creates a regulatory obligation as established in this article.
(F)
The consumer profile information, characteristics of the insurer, and product costs, rates, benefits, and features are factors generally relevant in making a determination whether an annuity effectively
addresses the consumer’s financial situation, financial needs, insurance needs, and financial objectives, but the level of importance of each factor under the care obligation of this paragraph may vary depending on the facts and circumstances of a particular case. However, each factor shall not be considered in isolation.
(G)
The requirements under subparagraphs (A) and (B) include having a reasonable basis to believe the consumer would benefit from certain features of the annuity, such as annuitization, death or living benefit, or other insurance-related features.
(H)
The requirements under subparagraphs (A) and (B) apply to the particular annuity as a whole and the underlying subaccounts to which funds are allocated at the time of purchase or exchange of an annuity, and riders and similar product enhancements, if any.
(I)
The requirements under subparagraphs (A) and (B) do not mean the annuity with the lowest one-time or multiple occurrence compensation structure shall necessarily be in the best interest of the consumer.
(J)
The requirements under subparagraphs (A) and (B) do not mean the producer has ongoing monitoring obligations under the care obligation under this paragraph, although such an obligation may be separately owed under the terms of a fiduciary, consulting, investment advising, or financial planning agreement between the consumer and the producer.
(K)
In the case of an exchange or replacement of an annuity, the producer shall consider the whole transaction, which includes taking into consideration all of the following:
(i)
Whether the consumer will incur a surrender charge, be subject to the
commencement of a new surrender period, lose existing benefits, such as death, living, or other contractual benefits, or be subject to increased fees, investment advisory fees, or charges for riders or similar product enhancements.
(ii)
Whether the replacing product would not confer a substantial financial benefit to the consumer in comparison to the replaced product over the life of the product so that a reasonable person would believe the purchase is unnecessary.
(iii)
Whether the consumer has had another annuity or life insurance policy exchange or replacement and, in particular, an exchange or replacement within the preceding 60 months.
(L)
This article does not require a producer to obtain a license other than a producer license with the appropriate line of authority to sell, solicit, or negotiate insurance in
this state, including, but not limited to, a securities license, in order to fulfill the duties and obligations of this section provided the producer does not give advice or provide services that are otherwise subject to securities laws or engage in any other activity requiring other professional licenses.
(2)
Disclosure Obligation.
(A)
Before or at the time of recommendation, or before or at the time of sale if no recommendation is made, of an annuity, the producer shall prominently disclose all of the following information to the consumer on a form substantially similar to the “Insurance Agent (Producer) Disclosure for Annuities” form in Appendix A of the 2020 National Association of Insurance Commissioners’ (NAIC) Suitability in Annuity Transactions Model Regulation. If NAIC updates or adopts a new version of the “Insurance Agent (Producer) Disclosure for Annuities” form in
Appendix A of the 2020 National Association of Insurance Commissioners’ Suitability in Annuity Transactions Model Regulation after January 1, 2024, the commissioner shall adopt, and producers shall use, a substantially similar version of the new or amended “Insurance Agent (Producer) Disclosure for Annuities” form.
(i)
A description of the scope and terms of the relationship with the consumer and the role of the producer in the transaction.
(ii)
An affirmative statement on whether the producer is licensed and authorized to sell the following products:
(I)
Fixed annuities.
(II)
Fixed indexed annuities.
(III)
Variable annuities.
(IV)
Life insurance.
(V)
Other life and annuity products, as specified.
(VI)
Mutual funds.
(VII)
Stocks and bonds.
(VIII)
Certificates of deposit.
(iii)
(I)
An affirmative statement describing the insurers the producer is authorized, contracted or appointed, or otherwise able to sell insurance products for, using the following descriptions:
(ia)
From one insurer.
(ib)
From two or more insurers.
(ic)
From two or more insurers, although primarily contracted with one
insurer.
(II)
For purposes of this clause, insurers with common ownership and control shall be counted as one insurer.
(iv)
A description of the sources and types of cash compensation and noncash compensation to be received by the producer, including whether the producer is to be compensated for the sale of a recommended annuity by commission as part of premium or other remuneration received from the insurer, intermediary, or other producer or by fee as a result of a contract for advice or consulting services.
(v)
A prominent notice of the consumer’s right to request additional information regarding cash compensation to be received by the producer as described in subparagraph (B).
(B)
Upon request of the consumer or the consumer’s designated
representative, the producer shall disclose both of the following:
(i)
A reasonable estimate of the amount of cash compensation to be received by the producer, which may be stated as a range of amounts or percentages.
(ii)
Whether the cash compensation is a one-time or multiple occurrence amount, and if a multiple occurrence amount, the frequency and amount of the occurrence, which may be stated as a range of amounts or percentages.
(C)
Before or at the time of recommendation or sale of an annuity, the producer shall inform the consumer of various features of the annuity, such as the potential surrender period and surrender charges, potential tax penalty if the consumer sells, exchanges, surrenders, or annuitizes the annuity, mortality and expense fees, investment advisory fees, any annual fees, potential charges for
and features of riders or other options of the annuity, limitations on interest returns, potential changes in nonguaranteed elements of the annuity, insurance and investment components, and market risk.
(3)
Conflict of Interest Obligation. A producer shall identify and avoid or reasonably manage and prominently disclose any material conflicts of interest, including material conflicts of interest relating to an ownership interest.
(4)
Documentation Obligation. A producer shall, at the time of recommendation or sale, do all of the following:
(A)
Provide the consumer and the insurer with a written record of any recommendation and the basis for the recommendation, subject to this article.
(B)
Obtain a customer-signed statement documenting both of the
following:
(i)
The customer’s refusal to provide the consumer profile information, if any.
(ii)
The customer’s understanding of the ramifications of not providing their consumer profile information or providing insufficient consumer profile information.
(C)
Obtain a customer-signed statement acknowledging that an annuity transaction is not recommended if the customer decides to enter into an annuity transaction that is not based on the producer’s or insurer’s recommendation.
(5)
Application of the Best Interest Obligation. Any requirement applicable to a producer under this section shall apply to every producer who has exercised material control or influence in the making of a recommendation and has received direct compensation as a result of the
recommendation or sale, regardless of whether the producer has had any direct contact with the consumer. Activities such as providing or delivering marketing or educational materials, product wholesaling or other back office product support, and general supervision of a producer do not, in and of themselves, constitute material control or influence.
(b)
Transactions not based on a recommendation.
(1)
Except as provided under paragraph (2), a producer shall have no obligation to a consumer under paragraph (1) of subdivision (a) related to any annuity transaction if any of the following are true:
(A)
No recommendation is made.
(B)
A recommendation was made and was later found to have been prepared based on materially inaccurate information provided by the
consumer.
(C)
A consumer refuses to provide relevant consumer profile information and the annuity transaction is not recommended.
(D)
A consumer decides to enter into an annuity transaction that is not based on a recommendation of the producer.
(2)
An insurer’s issuance of an annuity subject to paragraph (1) shall be reasonable under all the circumstances that are actually known, or that after reasonable inquiry should be known, to the insurer or the producer at the time the annuity is issued.
(c)
Supervision System.
(1)
Except as permitted under subdivision (b), an insurer shall not issue an annuity recommended to a consumer unless there is a reasonable basis to believe the annuity would
effectively address the particular consumer’s financial situation, insurance needs, and financial objectives based on the consumer’s consumer profile information.
(2)
An insurer shall establish, maintain, and utilize a supervision system that is reasonably designed to achieve the insurer’s and its producers’ compliance with this article, including, but not limited to, the following:
(A)
The insurer shall establish, maintain, and utilize reasonable procedures to inform its producers of the requirements of this article and shall incorporate the requirements of this article into relevant producer training manuals.
(B)
The insurer shall establish, maintain, and utilize reasonable standards for producer product training, and shall maintain and utilize reasonable procedures to require its producers to comply with the
requirements of Section 10509.9205.
(C)
The insurer shall provide product-specific training and training materials that explain all material features of its annuity products to its producers.
(D)
The insurer shall establish, maintain, and utilize procedures for review of each recommendation before issuance of an annuity that are designed to ensure there is a reasonable basis to determine that the recommended annuity would effectively address the particular consumer’s financial situation, financial needs, insurance needs, and financial objectives. Such review procedures shall apply a screening system for the purpose of identifying selected transactions for additional review and may be accomplished electronically or through other means, including, but not limited to, physical review. An electronic or other system may be designed to require additional review only of those
transactions identified for additional review by the selection criteria.
(E)
The insurer shall establish, maintain, and utilize reasonable procedures to detect recommendations that are not in compliance with subdivisions (a), (b), (d), and (e). This may include, but is not limited to, confirmation of the consumer’s consumer profile information, systematic customer surveys, producer and consumer interviews, confirmation letters, producer statements or attestations, and programs of internal monitoring. This subparagraph does not prevent an insurer from complying with this subparagraph by applying sampling procedures, or by confirming consumer profile information or other required information under this section after issuance or delivery of the annuity.
(F)
The insurer shall establish, maintain, and utilize reasonable procedures to assess, before or upon issuance or delivery of an
annuity, whether a producer has provided to the consumer the information required to be provided under this section.
(G)
The insurer shall establish, maintain, and utilize reasonable procedures to identify and address suspicious consumer refusals to provide complete consumer profile information.
(H)
The insurer shall establish, maintain, and utilize reasonable procedures to identify and eliminate any sales contests, sales quotas, bonuses, and noncash compensation that are based on the sales of specific annuities within a limited period of time. The requirements of this subparagraph are not intended to prohibit the receipt of health insurance, office rent, office support, retirement benefits, or other employee benefits by employees, as long as those benefits are not based upon the volume of sales of a specific annuity within a limited period of time.
(I)
The insurer shall annually provide a written report to its senior management, including to the senior manager responsible for audit functions, that details a review, with appropriate testing, reasonably designed to determine the effectiveness of the supervision system, the exceptions found, and corrective action taken or recommended, if any.
(3)
(A)
This subdivision does not restrict an insurer from contracting for performance of a function, including maintenance of procedures, required under this subdivision. An insurer is responsible for taking appropriate corrective action, and may be subject to sanctions and penalties pursuant to Section 10509.9206 regardless of whether or not the insurer contracts for performance of a function and regardless of the insurer’s compliance with subparagraph (B). An insurer is responsible for the compliance of its producer
with the provisions of this article regardless of whether the insurer contracts for performance of a function required under this subdivision and regardless of the insurer’s compliance with subparagraph (B).
(B)
An insurer’s supervision system under this subdivision shall include reasonable supervision of contractual performance under this subdivision. This includes, but is not limited to, both of the following:
(i)
Reasonable monitoring and, as appropriate, conducting audits to assure that the contracted function is properly performed.
(ii)
Annually obtaining a certification from a senior manager who has responsibility for the contracted function that the manager has a reasonable basis to represent, and does represent, that the function is properly performed.
(4)
An insurer is not required to include in its system of supervision either of the following:
(A)
A producer’s recommendations to consumers of products other than the annuities offered by the insurer.
(B)
Consideration of or comparison to options available to the producer or compensation relating to those options other than annuities or other products offered by the insurer.
(d)
Prohibited Practices. A producer or insurer shall not dissuade, or attempt to dissuade, a consumer from any of the following:
(1)
Truthfully responding to an insurer’s request for confirmation of the consumer profile information.
(2)
Filing a
complaint.
(3)
Cooperating with the investigation of a complaint.
(e)
Safe Harbor.
(1)
Recommendations and sales of annuities made in compliance with comparable standards shall satisfy the requirements of this section. This subdivision applies to all recommendations and sales of annuities made by financial professionals in compliance with business rules, controls, and procedures that satisfy a comparable standard even if such a standard would not otherwise apply to the product or recommendation at issue. However, this subdivision does not limit the insurance commissioner’s ability to enforce, including conducting investigations related to, the provisions of this article, regardless of whether the financial professional is operating under a comparable standard or in accordance with subdivisions (a) to (d), inclusive,
of this section.
(2)
Paragraph (1) does not limit the insurer’s obligation to comply with paragraph (1) of subdivision (c), although the insurer may base its analysis on information received from either the financial professional or the entity supervising the financial professional.
(3)
For paragraph (1) to apply, an insurer shall do both of the following:
(A)
Monitor the relevant conduct of the financial professional seeking to rely on paragraph (1) or the entity responsible for supervising the financial professional, such as the financial professional’s broker-dealer or an investment adviser registered under federal or California securities laws using information collected in the normal course of an insurer’s business.
(B)
Provide to the entity
responsible for supervising the financial professional seeking to rely on paragraph (1), such as the financial professional’s broker-dealer or investment adviser registered under federal or California securities laws, information and reports that are reasonably appropriate to assist the entity to maintain its supervision system.
(4)
For purposes of this subdivision, “financial professional” means a producer that is regulated and acting as any of the following:
(A)
A broker-dealer registered under federal or California securities laws or a registered representative of a broker-dealer.
(B)
An investment adviser registered under federal or California laws or an investment adviser representative associated with the federally or California-registered investment adviser.
(C)
A plan fiduciary under Section 3(21) of the federal Employee Retirement Income Security Act (ERISA) of 1974 (29 U.S.C. Sec. 1001 et seq.) or fiduciary under Section 4975(e)(3) of the Internal Revenue Code (IRC) or any amendments or successor statutes thereto.
(5)
For purposes of this subdivision, “comparable standards” means:
(A)
With respect to broker-dealers and registered representatives of broker-dealers, applicable rules of the United States Securities and Exchange Commission and the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority pertaining to best interest obligations and supervision of annuity recommendations and sales, including, but not limited to, Regulation Best Interest and any amendments or successor regulations thereto.
(B)
With respect to investment advisers registered under federal or
California securities laws or investment adviser representatives, the fiduciary duties and all other requirements imposed on such investment advisers or investment adviser representatives by contract or under the Investment Advisers Act of 1940 (15 U.S.C. Sec. 80b-1 et seq.) or applicable state securities law, including, but not limited to, the Form ADV and interpretations.
(C)
With respect to plan fiduciaries or fiduciaries, the duties, obligations, prohibitions, and all other requirements attendant to such status under ERISA or the IRC, and any amendments or successor statutes thereto.
