Mo. Rev. Stat. ch. 116

Mo. Rev. Stat. ch. 116
in effect

Mo. Rev. Stat. § 116.010 Definitions.

116.010. Definitions. — As used in this chapter, unless the context otherwise indicates, (1) "County" means any one of the several counties of this state or the city of St. Louis; (2) "Election authority" means a county clerk or board of election commissioners, as established by section 115.015 ; (3) "General election" means the first Tuesday after the first Monday in November in even-numbered years; (4) "Official ballot title" means the summary statement and fiscal note summary prepared for all statewide ballot measures in accordance with the provisions of this chapter which shall be placed on the ballot and, when applicable, shall be the petition title for initiative or referendum petitions; (5) "Statewide ballot measure" means a constitutional amendment submitted by initiative petition, the general assembly or a constitutional convention; a statutory measure submitted by initiative or referendum petition; the question of holding a constitutional convention; and a constitution proposed by a constitutional convention; (6) "Voter" means a person registered to vote in accordance with section 115.151 . (L. 1980 S.B. 658, A.L. 1997 S.B. 132)

Mo. Rev. Stat. § 116.020 Application of laws.

116.020. Application of laws. — This chapter shall apply to elections on statewide ballot measures. The election procedures contained in chapter 115 shall apply to elections on statewide ballot measures, except to the extent that the provisions of chapter 116 directly conflict, in which case chapter 116 shall prevail, and except to the extent that a constitutional convention's provisions under Section 3(c) of Article XII of the Constitution directly conflict, in which case the convention's provisions shall prevail. (L. 1980 S.B. 658) Effective 1-01-81

Mo. Rev. Stat. § 116.025 Attorney general sent fair ballot language, when - statement posted at ...

116.025. Attorney general sent fair ballot language, when — statement posted at polling place. — The secretary of state within twenty days of receiving a statewide ballot measure shall prepare and transmit to the attorney general fair ballot language statements that fairly and accurately explain what a vote for and what a vote against the measure represent. Each statement shall be posted in each polling place next to the sample ballot. Such fair ballot language statements shall be true and impartial statements of the effect of a vote for and against the measure in language neither intentionally argumentative nor likely to create prejudice for or against the proposed measure. In addition, such fair ballot language shall include a statement as to whether the measure will increase, decrease, or have no impact on taxes, including the specific category of tax. Such fair ballot language statements may be challenged in accordance with section 116.190 . The attorney general shall within ten days approve the legal content and form of the proposed statements. (L. 2003 H.B. 511)

Mo. Rev. Stat. § 116.030 Referendum petition, form - clerical and technical errors to be ...

*116.030. Referendum petition, form — clerical and technical errors to be disregarded, penalties for false signature. — The following shall be substantially the form of each page of referendum petitions on any law passed by the general assembly of the state of Missouri: If this form is followed substantially and the requirements of section 116.050 and section 116.080 are met, it shall be sufficient, disregarding clerical and merely technical errors. (L. 1980 S.B. 658, A.L. 1986 H.B. 1471, et al., A.L. 1997 S.B. 132, A.L. 1999 H.B. 676, A.L. 2013 H.B. 117) Effective 11-04-14 *Revisor's Note: Section 560.021, as referenced in the form contained in this section, was repealed by S.B. 491, 2014, effective 1-01-17.

Mo. Rev. Stat. § 116.040 Initiative petition for law or constitutional amendment, form - clerical ...

*116.040. Initiative petition for law or constitutional amendment, form — clerical and technical errors to be disregarded, penalties for false signature. — The following shall be substantially the form of each page of each petition for any law or amendment to the Constitution of the state of Missouri proposed by the initiative: If this form is followed substantially and the requirements of section 116.050 and section 116.080 are met, it shall be sufficient, disregarding clerical and merely technical errors. (L. 1980 S.B. 658, A.L. 1986 H.B. 1471, et al., A.L. 1997 S.B. 132, A.L. 1999 H.B. 676, A.L. 2013 H.B. 117) Effective 11-04-14 *Revisor's Note: Section 560.021, as referenced in the form contained in this section, was repealed by S.B. 491, 2014, effective 1-01-17.

Mo. Rev. Stat. § 116.050 Initiative and referendum petitions, requirements.

116.050. Initiative and referendum petitions, requirements. — 1. Initiative and referendum petitions filed under the provisions of this chapter shall consist of pages of a uniform size. Each page, excluding the text of the measure, shall be no larger than eight and one-half by fourteen inches. Each page of an initiative petition shall be attached to or shall contain a full and correct text of the proposed measure. Each page of a referendum petition shall be attached to or shall contain a full and correct text of the measure on which the referendum is sought. 2. The full and correct text of all initiative and referendum petition measures shall: (1) Contain all matter which is to be deleted included in its proper place enclosed in brackets and all new matter shown underlined; (2) Include all sections of existing law or of the constitution which would be repealed by the measure; and (3) Otherwise conform to the provisions of Article III, Section 28 and Article III, Section 50 of the Constitution and those of this chapter. (L. 1980 S.B. 658, A.L. 1997 S.B. 132)

Mo. Rev. Stat. § 116.060 Initiative and referendum petitions, who may sign - residents of one county ...

116.060. Initiative and referendum petitions, who may sign — residents of one county only on a designated page. — Any registered voter of the state of Missouri may sign initiative and referendum petitions. However, each page of an initiative or referendum petition shall contain signatures of voters from only one county. Each petition page filed with the secretary of state shall have the county where the signers are registered designated in the upper right-hand corner of such page. Signatures of voters from counties other than the one designated by the circulator in the upper right-hand corner on a given page shall not be counted as valid. (L. 1980 S.B. 658, A.L. 1999 H.B. 676) Effective 6-16-99

Mo. Rev. Stat. § 116.070 Petitioner may sign by mark, procedure.

116.070. Petitioner may sign by mark, procedure. — When any voter wishes to sign an initiative or referendum petition and is unable to sign his name, the circulator shall print the required information on the petition. The voter shall then make his mark, and the circulator shall attest to it by his signature. For purposes of this chapter, all marks made and attested in accordance with this section shall be considered signatures. (L. 1980 S.B. 658) Effective 1-01-81

Mo. Rev. Stat. § 116.080 Qualifications of circulator - affidavit, notarization, penalty.

116.080. Qualifications of circulator — affidavit, notarization, penalty. — 1. Each petition circulator shall be at least eighteen years of age and registered with the secretary of state. Signatures collected by any circulator who has not registered with the secretary of state pursuant to this chapter on or before 5:00 p.m. on the final day for filing petitions with the secretary of state shall not be counted. A petition circulator shall be deemed registered at the time such circulator delivers a signed circulator's affidavit pursuant to section 116.030 , with respect to a referendum petition, or section 116.040 , with respect to an initiative petition, to the office of the secretary of state. No person shall qualify as a petition circulator who has been convicted of, found guilty of, or pled guilty to an offense involving forgery under the laws of this state or an offense under the laws of any other jurisdiction if that offense would be considered forgery under the laws of this state. 2. Each petition circulator shall subscribe and swear to the proper affidavit on each petition page such circulator submits before a notary public commissioned in Missouri. When notarizing a circulator's signature, a notary public shall sign his or her official signature and affix his or her official seal to the affidavit only if the circulator personally appears before the notary and subscribes and swears to the affidavit in his or her presence. 3. Any circulator who falsely swears to a circulator's affidavit knowing it to be false is guilty of a class A misdemeanor punishable, notwithstanding the provisions of section 560.021 * to the contrary, for a term of imprisonment not to exceed one year in the county jail or a fine not to exceed ten thousand dollars or both. (L. 1980 S.B. 658, A.L. 1999 H.B. 676, A.L. 2013 H.B. 117) Effective 11-04-14 *Section 560.021 was repealed by S.B. 491, 2014, effective 1-01-17.

Mo. Rev. Stat. § 116.090 Petition signature fraud, penalty.

116.090. Petition signature fraud, penalty. — 1. Any person who commits any of the following actions is guilty of the crime of petition signature fraud: (1) Signs any name other than his or her own to any petition, or who knowingly signs his or her name more than once for the same measure for the same election, or who knows he or she is not at the time of signing or circulating the same a Missouri registered voter and a resident of this state; or (2) Intentionally submits petition signature sheets with the knowledge that the person whose name appears on the signature sheet did not actually sign the petition; or (3) Causes a voter to sign a petition other than the one the voter intended to sign; or (4) Forges or falsifies signatures; or (5) Knowingly accepts or offers money or anything of value to another person in exchange for a signature on a petition. 2. Any person who knowingly causes a petition circulator's signatures to be submitted for counting, and who either knows that such circulator has violated subsection 1 of this section or, after receiving notice of facts indicating that such person may have violated subsection 1 of this section, causes the signatures to be submitted with reckless indifference as to whether such circulator has complied with subsection 1 of this section, shall also be deemed to have committed the crime of petition signature fraud. 3. A person who violates subsection 1 or 2 of this section, shall, upon conviction thereof, be guilty of a class A misdemeanor punishable, notwithstanding the provisions of section 560.021 * to the contrary, by a term of imprisonment not to exceed one year in the county jail or a fine not to exceed ten thousand dollars or both. 4. Any person employed by or serving as an election authority, that has reasonable cause to suspect a person has committed petition signature fraud, shall immediately report or cause a report to be made to the appropriate prosecuting authorities. Failure to so report or cause a report to be made shall be a class A misdemeanor. (L. 1980 S.B. 658, A.L. 1999 H.B. 676, A.L. 2013 H.B. 117) *Section 560.021 was repealed by S.B. 491, 2014, effective 1-01-17.

Mo. Rev. Stat. § 116.100 Filing of petition, procedure.

116.100. Filing of petition, procedure. — The secretary of state shall not accept any referendum petition submitted later than 5:00 p.m. on the final day for filing referendum petitions. The secretary of state shall not accept any initiative petition submitted later than 5:00 p.m. on the final day for filing initiative petitions. All pages shall be submitted at one time. When an initiative or referendum petition is submitted to the secretary of state, the signature pages shall be in order and numbered sequentially by county, except in counties that include multiple congressional districts, the signatures may be ordered and numbered using an alternate numbering scheme approved in writing by the secretary of state prior to submission of the petition. Any petition that is not submitted in accordance with this section, disregarding clerical and merely technical errors, shall be rejected as insufficient. After verifying the count of signature pages, the secretary of state shall issue a receipt indicating the number of pages presented from each county. When a person submits a petition he or she shall designate to the secretary of state the name and the address of the person to whom any notices shall be sent under sections 116.140 and 116.180 . (L. 1980 S.B. 658, A.L. 1983 S.B. 234, A.L. 1997 S.B. 132, A.L. 1999 H.B. 676) Effective 6-16-99

Mo. Rev. Stat. § 116.110 Signature may be withdrawn, when, how, effect, penalty.

116.110. Signature may be withdrawn, when, how, effect, penalty. — Any voter who has signed an initiative or referendum petition may withdraw his or her signature from that petition by submitting to the secretary of state, before the petition is filed with the secretary of state, a sworn statement requesting that his or her signature be withdrawn and affirming the name of the petition signed, the name the voter used when signing the petition, the address of the voter and the county of residence. It is a class A misdemeanor punishable, notwithstanding the provisions of section 560.021 * to the contrary, for a term of imprisonment not to exceed one year in the county jail or a fine not to exceed ten thousand dollars or both, to knowingly file a false withdrawal statement with the secretary of state. (L. 1980 S.B. 658, A.L. 1999 H.B. 676) Effective 6-16-99 *Section 560.021 was repealed by S.B. 491, 2014, effective 1-01-17.

Mo. Rev. Stat. § 116.115 Withdrawal of petition, when - vacation of official ballot title, when.

116.115. Withdrawal of petition, when — vacation of official ballot title, when. — Any person who submits a sample sheet to or files an initiative petition with the secretary of state may withdraw the petition upon written notice to the secretary of state. If such notice is submitted to the secretary of state, the proposed petition shall no longer be circulated by any person, committee, or other entity. The secretary of state shall vacate the certification of the official ballot title within three days of receiving notice of the withdrawal. (L. 2013 H.B. 117) Effective 11-04-14

Mo. Rev. Stat. § 116.120 Secretary of state to determine sufficiency of form and compliance - ...

116.120. Secretary of state to determine sufficiency of form and compliance — invalid signatures not counted — signatures may be verified by random sampling, procedure and requirements. — 1. When an initiative or referendum petition is submitted to the secretary of state, he or she shall examine the petition to determine whether it complies with the Constitution of Missouri and with this chapter. Signatures on petition pages that have been collected by any person who is not properly registered with the secretary of state as a circulator shall not be counted as valid. Signatures on petition pages that do not have the official ballot title affixed to the page shall not be counted as valid. The secretary of state may verify the signatures on the petition by use of random sampling. The random sample of signatures to be verified shall be drawn in such a manner that every signature properly filed with the secretary of state shall be given an equal opportunity to be included in the sample. The process for establishing the random sample and determining the statistically valid result shall be established by the secretary of state. Such a random sampling shall include an examination of five percent of the signatures. 2. If the random sample verification establishes that the number of valid signatures is less than ninety percent of the number of qualified voters needed to find the petition sufficient in a congressional district, the petition shall be deemed to have failed to qualify in that district. In finding a petition insufficient, the secretary of state does not need to verify all congressional districts on each petition submitted if verification of only one or more districts establishes the petition as insufficient. 3. If the random sample verification establishes that the number of valid signatures total more than one hundred ten percent of the number of qualified voters needed to find the petition sufficient in a congressional district, the petition shall be deemed to qualify in that district. 4. If the random sampling shows the number of valid signatures within a congressional district is within ninety to one hundred ten percent of the number of signatures of qualified voters needed to declare the petition sufficient in that district, the secretary of state shall order the examination and verification of each signature filed. (L. 1980 S.B. 658, A.L. 1988 S.B. 647, A.L. 1999 H.B. 676) Effective 6-16-99

Mo. Rev. Stat. § 116.130 Election authorities may be requested to verify signatures either by random ...

116.130. Election authorities may be requested to verify signatures either by random sampling or checking signatures, when, how. — 1. The secretary of state may send copies of petition pages to election authorities to verify that the persons whose names are listed as signers to the petition are registered voters. Such verification may either be of each signature or by random sampling as provided in section 116.120 , as the secretary shall direct. If copies of the petition pages are sent to an election authority for verification, such copies shall be sent pursuant to the following schedule: (1) Copies of all pages from not less than one petition shall be received in the office of the election authority not later than two weeks after the petition is filed in the office of secretary of state; (2) Copies of all pages of a total of three petitions shall be received in the office of the election authority not later than three weeks after the petition is filed in the office of the secretary of state; (3) If more than three petitions are filed, all copies of petition pages, including those petitions selected for verification by random sample pursuant to section 116.120 , shall be received in the office of the election authority not later than the fourth week after the petition is filed in the office of the secretary of state. Each election authority shall check the signatures against voter registration records in the election authority's jurisdiction, but the election authority shall count as valid only the signatures of persons registered as voters in the county named in the circulator's affidavit. Signatures shall not be counted as valid if they have been struck through or crossed out. 2. If the election authority is requested to verify the petition by random sampling, such verification shall be completed and certified not later than thirty days from the date that the election authority receives the petition from the secretary of state. If the election authority is to verify each signature, such verification must be completed, certified and delivered to the secretary of state by 5:00 p.m. on the last Tuesday in July prior to the election, or in the event of complete verification of signatures after a failed random sample, full verification shall be completed, certified and delivered to the secretary of state by 5:00 p.m. on the last Tuesday in July or by 5:00 p.m. on the Friday of the fifth week after receipt of the signatures by the local election authority, whichever is later. 3. If the election authority or the secretary of state determines that the congressional district number written after the signature of any voter is not the congressional district of which the voter is a resident, the election authority or the secretary of state shall correct the congressional district number on the petition page. Failure of a voter to give the voter's correct congressional district number shall not by itself be grounds for not counting the voter's signature. 4. The election authority shall return the copies of the petition pages to the secretary of state with annotations regarding any invalid or questionable signatures which the election authority has been asked to check by the secretary of state. The election authority shall verify the number of pages received for that county, and also certify the total number of valid signatures of voters from each congressional district which the election authority has been asked to check by the secretary of state. 5. The secretary of state is authorized to adopt rules to ensure uniform, complete, and accurate checking of petition signatures either by actual count or random sampling. No rule or portion of a rule promulgated pursuant to this section shall become effective unless it has been promulgated pursuant to the provisions of chapter 536 . 6. After a period of three years from the time of submission of the petitions to the secretary of state, the secretary of state, if the secretary determines that retention of such petitions is no longer necessary, may destroy such petitions. (L. 1980 S.B. 658, A.L. 1988 S.B. 647, A.L. 1995 S.B. 3, A.L. 1997 S.B. 132, A.L. 1999 H.B. 676, A.L. 2003 S.B. 50)

Mo. Rev. Stat. § 116.140 Secretary of state's authority not to count forged or fraudulent signatures.

116.140. Secretary of state's authority not to count forged or fraudulent signatures. — Notwithstanding certifications from election authorities under section 116.130 , the secretary of state shall have authority not to count signatures on initiative or referendum petitions which are, in his opinion, forged or fraudulent signatures. (L. 1980 S.B. 658, A.L. 1988 S.B. 647) Effective 6-06-88

Mo. Rev. Stat. § 116.150 Secretary of state to issue certificate of sufficiency of petition, when - ...

116.150. Secretary of state to issue certificate of sufficiency of petition, when — if insufficient, certificate to state reasons. — 1. After the secretary of state makes a determination on the sufficiency of the petition and if the secretary of state finds it sufficient, the secretary of state shall issue a certificate setting forth that the petition contains a sufficient number of valid signatures to comply with the Constitution of Missouri and with this chapter. 2. The secretary of state shall issue a certificate only for a petition approved pursuant to section 116.332 . If the secretary of state finds the petition insufficient, the secretary of state shall issue a certificate stating the reason for the insufficiency. 3. The secretary of state shall issue a certificate pursuant to this section not later than 5:00 p.m. on the thirteenth Tuesday prior to the general election or two weeks after the date the election authority certifies the results of a petition verification pursuant to subsection 2 of section 116.130 , whichever is later. (L. 1980 S.B. 658, A.L. 1985 H.B. 543, A.L. 1988 S.B. 647, A.L. 1999 H.B. 676) Effective 6-16-99

Mo. Rev. Stat. § 116.153 Hearing to take public comments - joint committee on legislative research ...

116.153. Hearing to take public comments — joint committee on legislative research to provide summary to secretary of state, posting on website. — Within thirty days of issuing certification that the petition contains a sufficient number of valid signatures pursuant to section 116.150 , the joint committee on legislative research shall hold a public hearing in Jefferson City to take public comments concerning the proposed measure. Such hearing shall be a public meeting under chapter 610 . Within five business days after the end of the public hearing, the joint committee on legislative research shall provide a summary of the hearing to the secretary of state or his or her designee and the secretary of state shall post a copy of the summary on the website of the office of the secretary of state. (L. 2013 H.B. 117) Effective 11-04-14

Mo. Rev. Stat. § 116.155 Official summaries and fiscal notes may be included in ballot measures, ...

*116.155. Official summaries and fiscal notes may be included in ballot measures, summary to be official ballot title if included. — 1. The general assembly may include the official summary statement and a fiscal note summary in any statewide ballot measure that it refers to the voters. 2. The official summary statement approved by the general assembly shall, taken together with the approved fiscal note summary, be the official ballot title and such summary statement shall contain no more than one hundred words, excluding articles. The title shall be a true and impartial statement of the purposes of the proposed measure in language neither intentionally argumentative nor likely to create prejudice either for or against the proposed measure. 3. The fiscal note summary approved by the general assembly shall contain no more than fifty words, excluding articles, which shall summarize the fiscal note prepared for the measure in language neither argumentative nor likely to create prejudice for or against the proposed measure. (L. 1999 H.B. 676, A.L. 2025 S.B. 22) *Revisor's Note: This section was declared unconstitutional in Nicholson v. State of Missouri, et al. (see 2026 annotation below). (2026) Provisions of S.B. 22 from 2025 declared unconstitutional as violating the original purpose requirement of Article III, § 21 of the Missouri Constitution. Finding the offending provisions cannot be severed, the Court declared S.B. 22 invalid in its entirety. Nicholson v. State of Missouri, et al., No. SC101308, January 23, 2026 (Mo.banc).

Mo. Rev. Stat. § 116.160 Summary statement to be provided by the secretary of state if summary not ...

*116.160. Summary statement to be provided by the secretary of state if summary not provided by general assembly — content. — 1. If the general assembly adopts a joint resolution proposing a constitutional amendment or a bill without a fiscal note summary, which is to be referred to a vote of the people, after receipt of such resolution or bill the secretary of state shall promptly forward the resolution or bill to the state auditor. If the general assembly adopts a joint resolution proposing a constitutional amendment or a bill without an official summary statement, which is to be referred to a vote of the people, within twenty days after receipt of the resolution or bill, the secretary of state shall prepare and transmit to the attorney general a summary statement of the measure as the proposed summary statement. The secretary of state may seek the advice of the legislator who introduced the constitutional amendment or bill and the speaker of the house or the president pro tem of the legislative chamber that originated the measure. The summary statement may be distinct from the legislative title of the proposed constitutional amendment or bill. The attorney general shall within ten days approve the legal content and form of the proposed statement. 2. If the general assembly adopts a joint resolution proposing a constitutional amendment or statutory measure that includes an official summary statement, the statement shall appear on the ballot, unless it is challenged pursuant to section 116.190 , in which case the provisions of that section shall apply. 3. The official summary statement shall contain no more than one hundred words, excluding articles. The title shall be a true and impartial statement of the purposes of the proposed measure in language neither intentionally argumentative nor likely to create prejudice either for or against the proposed measure. (L. 1980 S.B. 658, A.L. 1983 S.B. 234, A.L. 1985 H.B. 543, A.L. 1997 S.B. 132, A.L. 1999 H.B. 676, A.L. 2025 S.B. 22) *Revisor's Note: This section was declared unconstitutional in Nicholson v. State of Missouri, et al. (see 2026 annotation below). (2004) Secretary of state's duty to place matters on a ballot are not finally triggered until receipt of the original document. Nixon v. Blunt, 135 S.W.3d 416 (Mo.banc). (2026) Provisions of S.B. 22 from 2025 declared unconstitutional as violating the original purpose requirement of Article III, § 21 of the Missouri Constitution. Finding the offending provisions cannot be severed, the Court declared S.B. 22 invalid in its entirety. Nicholson v. State of Missouri, et al., No. SC101308, January 23, 2026 (Mo.banc).

Mo. Rev. Stat. § 116.170 Fiscal note and fiscal note summary to be provided by state auditor if not ...

116.170. Fiscal note and fiscal note summary to be provided by state auditor if not provided by general assembly. — If the general assembly adopts a joint resolution proposing a constitutional amendment or a bill without a fiscal note summary, which is to be referred to a vote of the people, the state auditor shall, within thirty days of delivery to the auditor, prepare and file with the secretary of state a fiscal note and a fiscal note summary for the proposed measure in accordance with the provisions of section 116.175 . (L. 1980 S.B. 658, A.L. 1983 S.B. 234, A.L. 1993 S.B. 350, A.L. 1997 S.B. 132, A.L. 1999 H.B. 676) Effective 6-16-99 (1994) Words "insufficient and unfair" as used in section and applied to fiscal notes mean to inadequately and with bias, prejudice, deception and/or favoritism state the fiscal consequences of the proposed proposition. Test of fiscal note summary is not whether summary is the best language for describing effect. Burden is on opponents of language for describing effect. Burden is on opponents of language to show that language was insufficient and unfair. Hancock v. Secretary of State, 885 S.W.2d 42 (Mo. App. W.D.). (1994) Where statute requires that cost be addressed in a fiscal note summary only in cases when a proposition has cost, fiscal note summary attached to initiative proposition was not insufficient when it did not address cost, since proposition would not generate cost or savings. Committee on Legislative Research v. Mitchell, 886 S.W.2d 662 (Mo.App.W.D.).

Mo. Rev. Stat. § 116.175 Fiscal impact of proposed measure - fiscal note, fiscal note summary, ...

116.175. Fiscal impact of proposed measure — fiscal note, fiscal note summary, requirements — return of fiscal note for revision, when. — 1. Except as provided in section 116.155 , upon receipt from the secretary of state's office of any petition sample sheet, joint resolution or bill, the auditor shall assess the fiscal impact of the proposed measure. The state auditor may consult with the state departments, local government entities, the general assembly and others with knowledge pertinent to the cost of the proposal. Proponents or opponents of any proposed measure may submit to the state auditor a proposed statement of fiscal impact estimating the cost of the proposal in a manner consistent with the standards of the governmental accounting standards board and section 23.140 , provided that all such proposals are received by the state auditor within ten days of his or her receipt of the proposed measure from the secretary of state. 2. Within twenty days of receipt of a petition sample sheet, joint resolution or bill from the secretary of state, the state auditor shall prepare a fiscal note and a fiscal note summary for the proposed measure and forward both to the attorney general. 3. The fiscal note and fiscal note summary shall state the measure's estimated cost or savings, if any, to state or local governmental entities. The fiscal note summary shall contain no more than fifty words, excluding articles, which shall summarize the fiscal note in language neither argumentative nor likely to create prejudice either for or against the proposed measure. 4. The attorney general shall, within ten days of receipt of the fiscal note and the fiscal note summary, approve the legal content and form of the fiscal note summary prepared by the state auditor and shall forward notice of such approval to the state auditor. 5. If the attorney general or the circuit court of Cole County determines that the fiscal note or the fiscal note summary does * not satisfy the requirements of this section, the fiscal note and the fiscal note summary shall be returned to the auditor for revision. A fiscal note or fiscal note summary that does not satisfy the requirements of this section also shall not satisfy the requirements of section 116.180 . (L. 1997 S.B. 132, A.L. 1999 H.B. 676, A.L. 2003 H.B. 511 merged with S.B. 623) *Word "do" appears in original rolls. (2012) Section imposing a duty on the State Auditor to prepare fiscal notes and fiscal note summaries for initiative petitions is constitutional. Brown v. Carnahan, 370 S.W.3d 637 (Mo.banc). (2023) Section conveys no authority for attorney general to refuse to approve fiscal note summaries prepared by the state auditor for proposed initiative petitions on grounds that he believes the fiscal notes underestimate the costs to state and local governments. State ex rel. Fitz-James v. Bailey, 670 S.W.3d 1 (Mo.banc). (2024) The state auditor's discretion in preparing a fiscal note summary for a proposed ballot measure does not relieve the state auditor of the primary statutory obligation that the fiscal note summary must actually summarize the fiscal note in such a manner that does not materially misstate the fiscal note and mislead the voters about the fiscal note's contents. Lucas v. Ashcroft, 688 S.W.3d 204 (Mo.banc).

Mo. Rev. Stat. § 116.180 Copies of ballot title, fiscal note and fiscal note summary to designated ...

116.180. Copies of ballot title, fiscal note and fiscal note summary to designated persons, when — ballot title to be affixed to petition, when. — Within three days after receiving the official summary statement the approved fiscal note summary and the fiscal note relating to any statewide ballot measure, the secretary of state shall certify the official ballot title in separate paragraphs with the fiscal note summary immediately following the summary statement of the measure and shall deliver a copy of the official ballot title and the fiscal note to the speaker of the house or the president pro tem of the legislative chamber that originated the measure or, in the case of initiative or referendum petitions, to the person whose name and address are designated under section 116.332 . Persons circulating the petition shall affix the official ballot title to each page of the petition prior to circulation and signatures shall not be counted if the official ballot title is not affixed to the page containing such signatures. (L. 1980 S.B. 658, A.L. 1997 S.B. 132, A.L. 1999 H.B. 676) Effective 6-16-99 (2022) Section prohibiting the circulation of referendum petitions before official ballot title is certified and affixed to petition violates right of referendum under article III, §§ 49, 52(a). No Bans on Choice v. Ashcroft, 638 S.W.3d 484 (Mo.banc).

Mo. Rev. Stat. § 116.185 Identical ballot titles may be changed, how.

116.185. Identical ballot titles may be changed, how. — Before the ballot is printed, if the title of a ballot issue is identical or substantially identical to the title of another ballot issue that will appear on the same ballot, the election authority shall promptly notify the officer or entity that certifies the election of the identical or substantially identical title, and if such officer or entity submits a new title to the election authority, the election authority may change the title of the ballot issue prior to printing the official ballot. (L. 1999 H.B. 676 § 1)

Mo. Rev. Stat. § 116.190 Ballot title may be challenged, procedure - who are parties defendant - ...

*116.190. Ballot title may be challenged, procedure — who are parties defendant — changes may be made, procedure — appeal to supreme court, when — action extinguished, when. — 1. Any citizen who wishes to challenge the official ballot title or the fiscal note prepared for a proposed constitutional amendment submitted by the general assembly, by initiative petition, or by constitutional convention, or for a statutory initiative or referendum measure, may bring an action in the circuit court of Cole County. The action shall be brought within ten days after the official ballot title is certified by the secretary of state in accordance with the provisions of this chapter, in the case of an initiative petition and not later than the twenty-second Tuesday prior to the general election at which the ballot measure will be submitted to the voters, in the case of all other statewide ballot measures. 2. The secretary of state shall be named as a party defendant in any action challenging the official ballot title prepared by the secretary of state. When the action challenges the fiscal note or the fiscal note summary prepared by the auditor, the state auditor shall also be named as a party defendant. The president pro tem of the senate, the speaker of the house and the sponsor of the measure and the secretary of state shall be the named party defendants in any action challenging the official summary statement, fiscal note or fiscal note summary prepared pursuant to section 116.155 . 3. The petition shall state the reason or reasons why the summary statement portion of the official ballot title is insufficient or unfair. Alternatively, the petition shall state the reasons why the fiscal note or the fiscal note summary portion of the official ballot title is insufficient or unfair and shall request a different fiscal note or fiscal note summary portion of the official ballot title. 4. (1) The action shall be placed at the top of the civil docket. (2) (a) Insofar as the action challenges the summary statement portion of the official ballot title, the court shall consider the petition, hear arguments, and in its decision certify the summary statement portion of the official ballot title to the secretary of state as originally written if the court finds the summary statement to be sufficient and fair. If the court finds the summary statement to be insufficient or unfair, the court may offer suggested revisions for the summary statement to remedy the legal flaws, but it shall, in its decision, order the secretary of state to write a first revised summary statement that is sufficient and fair. (b) The secretary of state shall submit a first revised summary statement to the court within seven days. If, after submission to the court of a first revised summary statement by the secretary of state, the court finds the first revised summary statement to be sufficient and fair, the court shall certify to the secretary of state that statement and order it to appear on the ballot. If the court finds the first revised summary statement to be insufficient or unfair, the court may offer suggested revisions for the statement to remedy the legal flaws, but it shall, in its decision, order the secretary of state to write a second revised summary statement that is sufficient and fair. (c) The secretary of state shall submit a second revised summary statement to the court within five days. If, after submission to the court of a second revised summary statement by the secretary of state, the court finds the second revised summary statement to be sufficient and fair, the court shall certify to the secretary of state that statement and order it to appear on the ballot. If the court finds the second revised summary statement to be insufficient or unfair, the court may offer suggested revisions for the statement to remedy the legal flaws, but it shall, in its decision, order the secretary of state to write a third revised summary statement that is sufficient and fair. (d) The secretary of state shall submit a third revised summary statement to the court within three days. If, after submission to the court of a third revised summary statement by the secretary of state, the court finds the third revised summary statement to be sufficient and fair, the court shall certify to the secretary of state that statement and order it to appear on the ballot. If the court finds the third revised summary statement to be insufficient or unfair, or if the secretary of state neglects or refuses to submit any of the revised summary statements within the times mandated by this subdivision when so ordered, the court shall revise the summary statement in a manner that is sufficient and fair and order the secretary of state to place that summary statement on the ballot with the measure. (e) During all revisions as provided in this subdivision, the case shall remain open. (f) Any nonprevailing party may make appeals as provided by law only following: a. The finding of the circuit court that a summary statement was sufficient and fair; or b. The circuit court ordering its own summary statement to be placed on the ballot pursuant to paragraph (d) of this subdivision. (g) Any action brought pursuant to this section challenging a statewide ballot measure appearing on the ballot at an election called by the governor pursuant to Article XII, Section 2(b), Missouri Constitution, whether at the primary election or at a special election, or at a special election for a referendum petition measure called by the general assembly pursuant to Article III, Section 52(b), Missouri Constitution, shall be expedited by the court to bring a resolution of the matter prior to the printing of ballots. The court may shorten any timeframe under this section to achieve this purpose. (3) Insofar as the action challenges the fiscal note or the fiscal note summary portion of the official ballot title, the court shall consider the petition, hear arguments, and in its decision, either certify the fiscal note or the fiscal note summary portion of the official ballot title to the secretary of state or remand the fiscal note or the fiscal note summary to the auditor for preparation of a new fiscal note or fiscal note summary pursuant to the procedures set forth in section 116.175 . Any party to the suit may appeal to the supreme court within ten days after a circuit court decision pursuant to this subdivision. 5. Any action brought under this section that is not fully and finally adjudicated within one hundred eighty days of filing, and more than seventy days prior to election in which the measure is to appear, including all appeals, shall be extinguished, unless a court extends such period upon a finding of good cause for such extension. Such good cause shall consist only of court-related scheduling issues and shall not include requests for continuance by the parties. (L. 1980 S.B. 658, A.L. 1985 H.B. 543, A.L. 1993 S.B. 350, A.L. 1997 S.B. 132, A.L. 1999 H.B. 676, A.L. 2003 H.B. 511 merged with S.B. 623, A.L. 2013 H.B. 117, A.L. 2015 S.B. 104, A.L. 2025 S.B. 22) *Revisor's Note: This section was declared unconstitutional in Nicholson v. State of Missouri, et al. (see 2026 annotation below). (2026) Provisions of S.B. 22 from 2025 declared unconstitutional as violating the original purpose requirement of Article III, § 21 of the Missouri Constitution. Finding the offending provisions cannot be severed, the Court declared S.B. 22 invalid in its entirety. Nicholson v. State of Missouri, et al., No. SC101308, January 23, 2026 (Mo.banc).

Mo. Rev. Stat. § 116.195 Costs of court-ordered ballot title change to be paid by the state.

116.195. Costs of court-ordered ballot title change to be paid by the state. — Whenever the reprinting of a statewide ballot measure is necessary as a result of a court-ordered change to the ballot language for such measure, the costs of such reprinting shall be paid by the state. (L. 1999 H.B. 676 § 2)

Mo. Rev. Stat. § 116.200 Secretary of state's decision as to sufficiency of petition may be ...

116.200. Secretary of state's decision as to sufficiency of petition may be reversed, procedure — appeal. — 1. After the secretary of state certifies a petition as sufficient or insufficient, any citizen may apply to the circuit court of Cole County to compel him to reverse his decision. The action must be brought within ten days after the certification is made. All such suits shall be advanced on the court docket and heard and decided by the court as quickly as possible. 2. If the court decides the petition is sufficient, the secretary of state shall certify it as sufficient and attach a copy of the judgment. If the court decides the petition is insufficient, the court shall enjoin the secretary of state from certifying the measure and all other officers from printing the measure on the ballot. 3. Within ten days after a decision is rendered, any party may appeal it to the supreme court. (L. 1980 S.B. 658) Effective 1-01-81

Mo. Rev. Stat. § 116.210 Numbering of proposed constitutional amendments.

116.210. Numbering of proposed constitutional amendments. — The secretary of state shall number proposed constitutional amendments in the order in which they are passed by the general assembly, or submitted by initiative petition, or adopted by constitutional convention. He shall number the first as "Constitutional Amendment No. 1" and so on consecutively. A new series of numbers shall be started after each general election. (L. 1980 S.B. 658) Effective 1-01-81

Mo. Rev. Stat. § 116.220 Labeling of initiative and referendum measures.

116.220. Labeling of initiative and referendum measures. — The secretary of state shall label statutory initiative and referendum measures alphabetically in the order in which they are submitted by petition or in the order in which they are passed by the general assembly. The secretary of state shall label the first as "Proposition A", and so on consecutively through the letter Z, and then begin labeling as "Proposition AA" and so on. A new series of letters shall be started after each general election. In the event a measure is labeled prior to, but not voted on at, the next succeeding general election, the letter assigned to such measure shall not be reassigned until after such measure has been voted on by the people. (L. 1980 S.B. 658, A.L. 1999 H.B. 676) Effective 6-16-99

Mo. Rev. Stat. § 116.230 Sample ballots to be prepared, form.

116.230. Sample ballots to be prepared, form. — 1. The secretary of state shall prepare sample ballots in the following form. 2. The top of the ballot shall read: "OFFICIAL BALLOT STATE OF MISSOURI" 3. When constitutional amendments are submitted, the first heading shall read: "CONSTITUTIONAL AMENDMENTS" There shall follow the numbers assigned under section 116.210 the official ballot titles prepared under section 116.160 or 116.334 , and the fiscal note summaries prepared under section 116.170 . Constitutional amendments proposed by the general assembly shall be designated as "Proposed by the general assembly". Constitutional amendments proposed by initiative petition shall be designated "Proposed by initiative petition". Constitutional amendments proposed by constitutional convention shall be designated as "Proposed by constitutional convention". 4. When statutory measures are submitted, the next heading shall read: "STATUTORY MEASURES" There shall follow the letters assigned under section 116.220 , the official ballot titles prepared under section 116.160 or 116.334 , and the fiscal note summaries prepared under section 116.170 . Statutory initiative measures shall be designated "Proposed by initiative petition". Referendum measures shall be designated "Referendum ordered by petition". (L. 1980 S.B. 658, A.L. 1985 H.B. 543)

Mo. Rev. Stat. § 116.240 Certification to election authorities of notice to be published - contents.

116.240. Certification to election authorities of notice to be published — contents. — Not later than the tenth Tuesday prior to an election at which a statewide ballot measure is to be voted on, the secretary of state shall send each election authority a certified copy of the legal notice to be published. The legal notice shall include the date and time of the election and a sample ballot. (L. 1980 S.B. 658, A.L. 1986 H.B. 1471, et al., A.L. 1997 S.B. 132)

Mo. Rev. Stat. § 116.250 Publication of legal notice.

116.250. Publication of legal notice. — On receiving a notice under section 116.240 , each election authority shall cause the legal notice to be published in accordance with subsection 2 of section 115.127 . (L. 1980 S.B. 658) Effective 1-01-81

Mo. Rev. Stat. § 116.260 Newspapers for publication of text of measures to be designated - measures ...

116.260. Newspapers for publication of text of measures to be designated — measures to be published, how. — The secretary of state shall designate in what newspaper or newspapers in each county the text of statewide ballot measures shall be published. If possible, each shall be published once a week for two consecutive weeks in two newspapers of different political faiths in each county, the last publication to be not more than thirty or less than fifteen days next preceding the election. If there is but one newspaper in any county, publication for four consecutive weeks shall be made, the first publication to be not less than twenty-eight days next preceding the election. If there are two or more newspapers in a county, none of which is of different political faiths from another, the statewide ballot measures shall be published once a week for two consecutive weeks in any two newspapers in the county with the last publication not more than thirty or less than fifteen days next preceding the election. (L. 1980 S.B. 658, A.L. 1983 H.B. 670, A.L. 1997 S.B. 132)

Mo. Rev. Stat. § 116.270 Publications fund created - payments from fund for what, how made.

116.270. Publications fund created — payments from fund for what, how made. — 1. There is hereby created a "Publications Fund" which shall be used only to pay printing, publication, and other expenses incurred in submitting statewide ballot measures to the voters. 2. The secretary of state shall certify to the commissioner of administration all valid claims for payment from the publications fund. On receiving the certified claims, the commissioner of administration shall issue warrants on the state treasurer payable to each individual out of the publications fund. (L. 1980 S.B. 658) Effective 1-01-81

Mo. Rev. Stat. § 116.280 Paper ballots for statewide measures, form.

116.280. Paper ballots for statewide measures, form. — In jurisdictions using paper ballots, election authorities shall cause the ballots for statewide ballot measures to be printed on paper not less than four inches wide and ten inches long, and all in the same color and size. Measures may be printed in more than one column. (L. 1980 S.B. 658) Effective 1-01-81

Mo. Rev. Stat. § 116.290 Printing of copies of statewide measures - to be posted at polling places - ...

116.290. Printing of copies of statewide measures — to be posted at polling places — distribution, exception. — 1. The secretary of state shall distribute copies of each statewide ballot measure, except proposed constitutions as published in newspapers for legal notice of the election. 2. The secretary of state shall print copies of each proposed constitution in pamphlet form. 3. From copies delivered by the secretary of state, each election authority shall post at least two copies of each notice and pamphlet at each polling place during the time the polls are open. 4. The secretary of state shall print any new language being proposed for adoption or rejection in boldface type. (L. 1980 S.B. 658, A.L. 1983 S.B. 234)

Mo. Rev. Stat. § 116.300 Challengers and watchers at polling places, how designated.

116.300. Challengers and watchers at polling places, how designated. — Not later than the fourth Tuesday prior to an election on a statewide ballot measure, each chairman of a county campaign committee favoring a measure and each chairman of a county campaign committee opposing a measure shall file with the election authority a list of committee officers and a request to have the right to designate challengers and watchers under section 116.310 . If only one committee favoring a particular measure and one committee opposing a particular measure file a list and a request, then each filing chairman shall have the right to designate challengers and watchers under section 116.310 . If more than one committee favoring a particular measure or more than one committee opposing a particular measure files a list and request, then the election authority shall determine which chairman has the right to designate challengers and watchers. If the measure was submitted by initiative or referendum petition, the person designated under section 116.100 as the person to receive notice under sections 116.140 and 116.180 shall be entitled to designate the county campaign committee chairmen's names to the proper election authorities by the fourth Tuesday prior to the election on that measure. (L. 1980 S.B. 658) Effective 1-01-81

Mo. Rev. Stat. § 116.310 Time limited for designating challengers and watchers for polling places ...

116.310. Time limited for designating challengers and watchers for polling places and counting locations — effect of failure to designate by prescribed time. — 1. Not later than the Tuesday prior to an election on a statewide ballot measure, each county campaign committee chairman who had the right to designate challengers under section 116.300 shall designate such challengers, who may be present at each polling place during the hours of voting. Each such chairman shall also by the same time designate a challenger for each location at which absentee ballots are counted. The challengers so designated may be present while the ballots are being prepared for counting and being counted. 2. Not later than the Tuesday prior to an election on a statewide ballot measure, each campaign committee chairman who has the right to designate watchers under section 116.300 shall designate a watcher for each place votes are counted. 3. After challengers and watchers have been designated, the provisions contained in sections 115.105 , 115.107 , 115.109 , and 115.111 shall apply to them. 4. Failure to designate challengers and watchers by the prescribed times shall cause the county campaign committee to forfeit its right to name such persons for those omitted locations for that election. (L. 1980 S.B. 658) Effective 1-01-81

Mo. Rev. Stat. § 116.320 Adoption of measure, vote required - effect of approval of conflicting measures.

116.320. Adoption of measure, vote required — effect of approval of conflicting measures. — 1. Each statewide ballot measure receiving a majority of affirmative votes is adopted. 2. If voters approve two or more conflicting statutes at the same election, the statute receiving the largest affirmative vote shall prevail, even if that statute did not receive the greatest majority of affirmative votes. 3. If voters approve two or more conflicting constitutional amendments at the same election, the amendment receiving the largest affirmative vote shall prevail, even if that amendment did not receive the greatest majority of affirmative votes. (L. 1980 S.B. 658) Effective 1-01-81

Mo. Rev. Stat. § 116.330 Board of canvassers or governor to issue statement.

116.330. Board of canvassers or governor to issue statement. — 1. After an election at which any statewide ballot measure, other than a proposed constitution or constitutional amendment submitted by a constitutional convention, is voted upon, the secretary of state shall convene the board of state canvassers to total the abstracts. Not later than two weeks after receiving all required abstracts, the board shall issue a statement giving the number of votes cast "YES" and "NO" on each question. If voters approve two or more measures at one election which are known to conflict with one another, or to contain conflicting provisions, the board shall also state which received the largest affirmative vote. 2. After an election at which a proposed constitution or constitutional amendment adopted by a constitutional convention is submitted, the governor shall proclaim the results in accordance with Section 3(c), Article XII of the Constitution. (L. 1980 S.B. 658) Effective 1-01-81

Mo. Rev. Stat. § 116.332 Petitions for constitutional amendments, statutory initiative or ...

116.332. Petitions for constitutional amendments, statutory initiative or referendum, requirements, procedure. — 1. Before a constitutional amendment petition, a statutory initiative petition, or a referendum petition may be circulated for signatures, a sample sheet must be submitted to the secretary of state in the form in which it will be circulated. When a person submits a sample sheet of a petition he or she shall designate to the secretary of state the name and address of the person to whom any notices shall be sent pursuant to sections 116.140 and 116.180 and, if a committee or person, except the individual submitting the sample sheet, is funding any portion of the drafting or submitting of the sample sheet, the person submitting the sample sheet shall submit a copy of the filed statement of committee organization required under subsection 5 of section 130.021 showing the date the statement was filed. The secretary of state shall refer a copy of the petition sheet to the attorney general for his approval and to the state auditor for purposes of preparing a fiscal note and fiscal note summary. The secretary of state and attorney general must each review the petition for sufficiency as to form and approve or reject the form of the petition, stating the reasons for rejection, if any. 2. Within two business days of receipt of any such sample sheet, the office of the secretary of state shall conspicuously post on its website the text of the proposed measure, a disclaimer stating that such text may not constitute the full and correct text as required under section 116.050 , and the name of the person or organization submitting the sample sheet. The secretary of state's failure to comply with such posting shall be considered a violation of chapter 610 and subject to the penalties provided under subsection 3 of section 610.027 . The posting shall be removed within three days of either the withdrawal of the petition under section 116.115 or the rejection for any reason of the petition. 3. Upon receipt of a petition from the office of the secretary of state, the attorney general shall examine the petition as to form. If the petition is rejected as to form, the attorney general shall forward his or her comments to the secretary of state within ten days after receipt of the petition by the attorney general. If the petition is approved as to form, the attorney general shall forward his or her approval as to form to the secretary of state within ten days after receipt of the petition by the attorney general. 4. The secretary of state shall review the comments and statements of the attorney general as to form and make a final decision as to the approval or rejection of the form of the petition. The secretary of state shall send written notice to the person who submitted the petition sheet of the approval within fifteen days after submission of the petition sheet. The secretary of state shall send written notice if the petition has been rejected, together with reasons for rejection, within fifteen days after submission of the petition sheet. (L. 1985 H.B. 543 § 1, A.L. 1997 S.B. 132, A.L. 2013 H.B. 117) Effective 11-04-14 (1991) That part of this section which limits submission to secretary of state of sample petitions to one year prior to the final date for filing signed petitions shortens time authorized by constitution, art. XII, sec. 2(b), during which constitutional amendment petitions may be circulated for signatures and is invalid. State of Mo., ex rel. Upchurch v. Blunt, 810 S.W.2d 515 (Mo. banc).

Mo. Rev. Stat. § 116.334 Petition approval required, procedure to obtain petition title or summary ...

*116.334. Petition approval required, procedure to obtain petition title or summary statement — rejection or approval of petition, procedure — circulation of petition prior to approval, effect — signatures, deadline for filing. — 1. If the petition form is approved, the secretary of state shall make a copy of the sample petition available on the secretary of state's website. For a period of fifteen days after the petition is approved as to form, the secretary of state shall accept public comments regarding the proposed measure and provide copies of such comments upon request. Within twenty-three days of receipt of such approval, the secretary of state shall prepare and transmit to the attorney general a summary statement of the measure which shall be a concise statement not exceeding one hundred words. This statement shall be in the form of a question using language neither intentionally argumentative nor likely to create prejudice either for or against the proposed measure. The attorney general shall within ten days approve the legal content and form of the proposed statement. 2. Signatures obtained prior to the date the official ballot title is certified by the secretary of state shall not be counted. Once the secretary of state certifies the official ballot title, signatures may be collected, even if the ballot title is subject to an action in court challenging the sufficiency and fairness of the ballot title. If a court orders a change that alters the content of the official ballot title, then all signatures gathered before such change occurred shall not be invalidated based upon the fact that one or more signatures were gathered prior to the alteration of the official ballot title, regardless of whether those signatures were gathered on petition pages that displayed what was previously the official ballot title as certified by the secretary of state. Nothing in this subsection shall prohibit the invalidation of a signature for a reason otherwise allowed by this chapter. 3. Signatures for statutory initiative petitions shall be filed not later than six months prior to the general election during which the petition's ballot measure is submitted for a vote, and shall also be collected not earlier than the day after the day upon which the previous general election was held. (L. 1985 H.B. 543 § 2, A.L. 1997 S.B. 132, A.L. 2013 H.B. 117, A.L. 2025 S.B. 22) *Revisor's Note: This section was declared unconstitutional in Nicholson v. State of Missouri, et al. (see 2026 annotation below). (2022) Section prohibiting the circulation of referendum petitions before official ballot title is certified and affixed to petition violates right of referendum under article III, §§ 49, 52(a). No Bans on Choice v. Ashcroft, 638 S.W.3d 484 (Mo.banc). (2026) Provisions of S.B. 22 from 2025 declared unconstitutional as violating the original purpose requirement of Article III, § 21 of the Missouri Constitution. Finding the offending provisions cannot be severed, the Court declared S.B. 22 invalid in its entirety. Nicholson v. State of Missouri, et al., No. SC101308, January 23, 2026 (Mo.banc).

Mo. Rev. Stat. § 116.340 Publication of approved measures.

116.340. Publication of approved measures. — When a statewide ballot measure is approved by the voters, the secretary of state shall publish it with the laws enacted by the following session of the general assembly, and the revisor of statutes shall include it in the next edition or supplement of the revised statutes of Missouri. Each of the measures printed above shall include the date of the proclamation or statement of approval under section 116.330 . (L. 1980 S.B. 658) Effective 1-01-81
Source: Open US Law by Vaquill AI (CC BY 4.0)URL: https://revisor.mo.gov/main/OneChapter.aspx?chapter=116Fetched: 10/17/2026

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