Torrens Title Registration Act

C.R.S. tit. 38, art. 36
in effect

C.R.S. § 38-36-101 Application to register title - by whom made

38-36-101. Application to register title - by whom made. (1) Prior to January 1, 2018, the owner of any estate or interest in land, whether legal or equitable, except unpatented land, may apply as provided in this article 36 to have the title of said land registered. The application may be made by the applicant personally, or by an agent thereunto lawfully authorized in writing, which authority shall be executed and acknowledged in the same manner and form as is now required as to a deed, and shall be recorded in the office of the county clerk and recorder in the county in which the land, or the major portion thereof, is situated before the making of the application by such agent. A corporation may apply by its authorized agent, and an infant or any other person under disability by his legal guardian. Joint tenants and tenants in common shall join in the application. The person in whose behalf the application is made shall be named as applicant. (2) On or after January 1, 2018, no more applications to register titles under this article 36 may be made.

C.R.S. § 38-36-102 Lesser estates - when registered

38-36-102. Lesser estates - when registered. It shall not be an objection to bringing land under this article that the estate or interest of the applicant is subject to any outstanding lesser estate, mortgage, lien, or charge. No mortgage, lien, charge, or lesser estate than a fee simple shall be registered unless the estate in fee simple to the same land is registered. Every such lesser estate, mortgage, lien, or charge shall be noted upon the certificate of title and the duplicate thereof, and the title or interest certified shall be subject only to such estates, mortgages, liens, and charges as are so noted, except as provided in this article.

C.R.S. § 38-36-103 When tax title may be registered

38-36-103. When tax title may be registered. No title derived through sale for any tax or assessment or special assessment shall be entitled to be registered unless it appears that the title of the applicant, or those through whom he claims title, has been adjudicated by a court of competent jurisdiction, and a decree of such court duly made and recorded decreeing the title of the applicant, or that the applicant or those through whom he claims title have been in the actual and undisputed possession of the land under such title at least seven years immediately prior to the application, and has paid all taxes and assessments legally levied thereon during said time; unless the same is vacant and unoccupied lands or lots, in which case, where title is derived through sale for any tax or assessments or special assessment for any such vacant and unoccupied lands or lots and the applicant, or those through whom he claims title, have paid all taxes and assessments legally levied thereon for eight successive years immediately prior to the application, in which case such lands and lots shall be entitled to be registered as other lands provided for by this section.

C.R.S. § 38-36-104 Contents of application

38-36-104. Contents of application. (1) The application shall be in writing and shall be signed and verified by the oath of the applicant or the person acting in his behalf. It shall set forth substantially: (a) The name and place of residence of the applicant, and if the application is by one acting in behalf of another, the name and place of residence and capacity of the person so acting; (b) Whether the applicant (except in the case of a corporation) is married or not, and if married, the name and residence of the husband or wife, and the age of the applicant; (c) The description of the land and the valuation for assessment thereof, exclusive of improvements, according to the last official assessment, the same to be taken as a basis for the payments required under sections 38-36-186 and 38-36-198 (1)(a); (d) The applicant's estate or interest in the same, and whether the same is subject to homestead exemption; (e) The names of all persons or parties who appear of record to have any title, claim, estate, lien, or interest in the lands described in the application for registration; (f) Whether the land is occupied or unoccupied, and if occupied by any other person than the applicant, the name and post-office address of each occupant and what estate or interest he has or claims in the land; (g) Whether the land is subject to any lien or encumbrance, and, if any, the nature and amount of the same, and if recorded, the book and page of record, and the name and post-office address of each holder thereof; (h) Whether any other person has any estate or claims any interest in the land, in law or equity, in possession, remainder, reversion, or expectancy, and, if any, the name and post-office address of every such person and the nature of his estate or claim; (i) In case it is desired to settle or establish boundary lines, the names and post-office addresses of all the owners of the adjoining lands that may be affected thereby, so far as the applicant is able upon diligent inquiry to ascertain the same; (j) If the application is on behalf of a minor, the age of such minor shall be stated; (k) When the place of residence of any person whose residence is required to be given is unknown, it may be so stated if the applicant also states that upon diligent inquiry he has been unable to ascertain the same.

C.R.S. § 38-36-105 What lands may be joined in one application

38-36-105. What lands may be joined in one application. Any number of contiguous pieces of land in the same county and owned by the same person and in the same right, or any number of pieces of property in the same county having the same chain of title and belonging to the same person, may be included in one application.

C.R.S. § 38-36-106 Amendment of application

38-36-106. Amendment of application. The application may be amended only by supplemental statement in writing, signed and sworn to as in the case of the original application.

C.R.S. § 38-36-107 Form of application

38-36-107. Form of application. The form of application may, with appropriate changes, be substantially as follows: FORM OF APPLICATION FOR INITIAL REGISTRATION OF TITLE TO LAND. STATE OF COLORADO ) ) ss. County of ................................................) In the In the matter of ) District Court. the application of ) ................................................................) Petition. to register the title to the land hereinafter described. To the Honorable ........................, judge of said court: I hereby make application to have registered the title to the land hereinafter described, and do solemnly swear that the answers to the questions herewith, and the statements herein contained, are true to the best of my knowledge, information and belief. First - Name of applicant,........................ age,.... years. Residence,.............. (number and street, if any). Married to ........................ (name of husband or wife). Second - Application made by ........................, acting as .......... (owner, agent or attorney). Residence,.......... (number, street). Third - Description of real estate is as follows:............................................................ ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... estate or interest therein is .............. and .............. subject to homestead. Fourth - The land is .............. occupied by .............. (names of occupants), whose address is .......... (number, street, and town or city). The estate, interest or claim of occupant is ........................................ . Fifth - Liens and encumbrances on the land ................................................................ ......................................................................................................................................... . Name of holder or owner thereof is ............ whose post-office address is ............ . Amount of claim, $ ..... . Recorded, Book ...., page ...., of the records of said county. Sixth - Other persons, firms, or corporations, having or claiming any estate, interest, or claim in law or equity, in possession, remainder, reversion, or expectancy in said land are ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... whose addresses are ........................................................................................................... respectively. Character of estate, interest, or claim is .......................................................... .......................................................................................................................................... . Seventh - Other facts connected with said land and appropriate to be considered in this registration proceedings are ......................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................... . Eighth - Therefore, the applicant prays this honorable court to find and declare the title or interest of the applicant in said land and decree the same, and order the registrar of titles to register the same and to grant such other and further relief as may be proper in the premises. ........................ (Applicant's signature.) By .............., agent, attorney, administrator, or guardian. Subscribed and sworn to before me this .............. day of .............., A.D. 20.... . interest of the applicant in said land and decree the same, and order the registrar of titles to register the same and to grant such other and further relief as may be proper in the premises. ........................ (Applicant's signature.) By .............., agent, attorney, administrator, or guardian. Subscribed and sworn to before me this .............. day of .............., A.D. 20.... . .................................., Notary Public.

C.R.S. § 38-36-108 Application made to district court - powers of court

38-36-108. Application made to district court - powers of court. The application for registration shall be made to the district court of the county wherein the land is situated. Said court has power to inquire into the condition of the title to and any interest in the land, and any lien or encumbrance thereon, and to make all orders, judgments, and decrees as may be necessary to determine, establish, and declare the title or interest, legal or equitable, as against all persons, known or unknown, and all liens and encumbrances existing thereon, whether by law, contract, judgment, mortgage, trust deed, or otherwise, and to declare the order, priority, and preference as between the same, and to remove all clouds from the title, and for that purpose the said court shall always be open.

C.R.S. § 38-36-109 Registrars of titles - rules

38-36-109. Registrars of titles - rules. The county clerk and recorders of the several counties of this state shall be registrars of titles in their respective counties, and their deputies shall be deputy registrars. All acts performed by registrars and deputy registrars under this article shall be performed under rules and instructions established and given by the district court having jurisdiction of the county in which they act.

C.R.S. § 38-36-110 Bond of registrar

38-36-110. Bond of registrar. (1) Except as provided in subsection (2) of this section, every county clerk and recorder shall, before entering upon the duties as registrar of titles, give a bond with sufficient sureties, to be approved by a judge of the district court of the county, payable to the people of the state of Colorado in such sum as is fixed by the said judge of the district court, conditioned for the faithful discharge of duties and to deliver up all papers, books, records, and other property belonging to the county or appertaining to the office as registrar of titles, whole, safe, and undefaced, when lawfully required to do so. The bond shall be filed in the office of the secretary of state and a copy thereof shall be filed and entered upon the records of the district court in the county wherein the county clerk and recorder holds office. (2) In lieu of the bond required by subsection (1) of this section, a county may purchase crime insurance coverage on behalf of the county clerk and recorder to protect the people of the county from any malfeasance on the part of the county clerk and recorder while in office.

C.R.S. § 38-36-111 Duties of deputy registrar - vacancies

38-36-111. Duties of deputy registrar - vacancies. Deputy registrars shall perform all duties of the registrar in the name of the registrar, and the acts of such deputies shall be held to be the acts of the registrar, and in the case of the death of the registrar or his removal from office, the vacancy shall be filled in the same manner as is provided by law for filling such vacancy in the office of the county clerk and recorder. The person so appointed to fill such vacancy shall file a bond and be vested with the same powers as the registrar whose office he is appointed to fill.

C.R.S. § 38-36-112 Registrar not to practice law - neglect of duty

38-36-112. Registrar not to practice law - neglect of duty. No registrar or deputy registrar shall practice as an attorney or counselor at law, nor prepare any papers in any proceeding provided for in this article, nor while in office be in partnership with any attorney or counselor at law so practicing. The registrar shall be liable for any neglect or omission of the duties of his office when occasioned by a deputy registrar in the same manner as for his own personal neglect or omission.

C.R.S. § 38-36-113 Examiner of titles - compensation - oath or affirmation - bond

38-36-113. Examiner of titles - compensation - oath or affirmation - bond. The judges of the district court in and for the judicial districts for which they are elected or appointed shall appoint a competent attorney in each county within their district as examiner of titles and legal adviser of the registrar. The examiner of titles in each county shall be paid in each case by the applicant such compensation as the judge of the district court determines. Every examiner of titles shall take an oath or affirmation in accordance with section 24-12-101 and shall also give a bond in such amount and with such sureties as shall be approved by the judge of the district court, payable in like manner and with like conditions as required of the registrar. A copy of the bond shall be entered upon the records of said court and the original shall be filed with the registrar.

C.R.S. § 38-36-114 Nonresident applicant to appoint process agent

38-36-114. Nonresident applicant to appoint process agent. If the applicant is not a resident of the state of Colorado, he shall file with his application a paper, duly acknowledged, appointing an agent residing in this state, giving his name in full and his post-office address, and shall therein agree that the service of any legal process in proceedings under or growing out of the application shall be of the same legal effect when made on said agent as if made on the applicant within this state. If the agent so appointed dies or removes from the state, the applicant shall at once make another appointment in like manner, and if he fails to do so, the court may dismiss the application.

C.R.S. § 38-36-115 Filing and service of application - land registration docket

38-36-115. Filing and service of application - land registration docket. The application shall be filed in the office of the clerk of the court to which the application is made, and in case of personal service a true copy thereof shall be served with the summons, and the clerk shall docket the case in a book to be kept for that purpose, which shall be known as the "land registration docket". The record entry of the application shall be entitled (name of applicant), plaintiff, against (here insert names of all persons named in the application as being in possession of the premises, or as having any lien, encumbrance, right, title, or interest in the land, and the names of all persons found by the report of the examiner provided for in section 38-36-118 to be in possession or to have any lien, encumbrance, right, title, or interest in the land), also all other persons or parties unknown, claiming any right, title, estate, lien, or interests in the real estate described in the application as defendants. All orders, judgments, and decrees of the court in the case shall be appropriately entered in such docket. All final orders or decrees shall be recorded, and proper reference made thereto in such docket.

C.R.S. § 38-36-116 Abstract of title filed with application

38-36-116. Abstract of title filed with application. The applicant shall also file with the clerk, at the time the application is made, an abstract of title such as is now commonly used, prepared, and certified to by the county clerk and recorder of the county, or by a person, firm, or corporation regularly engaged in the abstract business, having satisfied the district court that they have a complete set of abstract books and are in existence and doing business at the time of the filing of the application under this article.

C.R.S. § 38-36-117 Copy of application filed with county clerk and recorder - lis pendens

38-36-117. Copy of application filed with county clerk and recorder - lis pendens. At the time of the filing of the application in the office of the clerk of the court, a copy thereof, certified by the clerk, shall be filed, but need not be recorded, in the office of the county clerk and recorder and shall have the force and effect of a lis pendens.

C.R.S. § 38-36-118 Examination of application and abstract - report of examiner

38-36-118. Examination of application and abstract - report of examiner. Immediately after the filing of the abstract of title, the court shall enter an order referring the application to an examiner of titles, who shall proceed to examine into the title and into the truth of the matters set forth in the application, and particularly whether the land is occupied, the nature of the occupation if occupied, and by what right, and, also as to all judgments against the applicant or those through whom he claims title, which may be a lien upon the lands described in the application. He shall search the records and investigate all the facts brought to his notice, and file in the case a report thereon, including a certificate of his opinion upon the title. The clerk of the court shall thereupon give notice to the applicant of the filing of such report. If the opinion of the examiner is adverse to the applicant, he shall be allowed by the court a reasonable time in which to elect to proceed further, or to withdraw his application. The election shall be made in writing and filed with the clerk of the court.

C.R.S. § 38-36-119 Issuance of summons

38-36-119. Issuance of summons. If, in the opinion of the examiner, the applicant has a title as alleged, and proper registration, or if the applicant, after an adverse opinion of the examiner, elects to proceed further, the clerk of the court shall immediately upon the filing of the examiner's opinion or the applicant's election, as the case may be, issue a summons substantially in the form provided for in section 38-36-123. The summons shall be issued by the order of the court and attested by the clerk of the court.

C.R.S. § 38-36-120 Parties plaintiff and defendant - unknown claimants

38-36-120. Parties plaintiff and defendant - unknown claimants. The applicant shall be known in the summons as the plaintiff. All persons named in the application or found by the report of the examiner as being in possession of the premises or as having of record any lien, encumbrance, right, title, or interest in the land, and all other persons designated as follows: "All other persons or parties unknown claiming any right, title, estate, lien, or interest in, to, or upon the real estate described in the application herein", shall be defendants.

C.R.S. § 38-36-121 Contents of summons - service

38-36-121. Contents of summons - service. The summons shall be directed to the defendants and require them to appear and answer the application within twenty days after the service of the summons, exclusive of the day of service. The summons shall be served as is provided for the service of summons in civil actions in the district court in this state, except as otherwise provided in this article. The summons shall be served upon nonresident defendants and upon "all such unknown persons or parties", defendant, by publishing said summons in a newspaper of general circulation printed and published in the county where the application is filed, once in each week for three consecutive weeks, and such service by publication shall be deemed complete at the end of the twenty-first day from and including the first publication. If any named defendant assents in writing to the registration as prayed for, which assent shall be endorsed upon the application or filed therewith and be duly witnessed and acknowledged, then in all such cases no service of summons upon said defendant shall be necessary.

C.R.S. § 38-36-122 Clerk to mail copy of summons and other notices

38-36-122. Clerk to mail copy of summons and other notices. The clerk of the court shall also, on or before twenty days after the first publication, send a copy thereof by mail to such defendants who are not residents of the state whose place of address is known or stated in the application and whose appearance is not entered and who are not in person served with the summons. The certificate of the clerk that he has sent such notice in pursuance of this section shall be conclusive evidence thereof. Other or further notice of the application for registration may be given in such manner and to such persons as the court or any judge thereof may direct. The summons shall be served at the expense of the applicant, and proof of the service thereof shall be made as proof of service is now made in other civil actions.

C.R.S. § 38-36-123 Form of summons

38-36-123. Form of summons. The summons provided for in section 38-36-121 shall be in substance in the following form: SUMMONS ON APPLICATION FOR REGISTRATION OF LAND. STATE OF COLORADO ) ) ss. County of .....................................) In the District Court. (Name of applicant), plaintiff .... versus .... (names of all defendants, and all other persons or parties unknown, claiming any right, title, estate, lien, or interest in the real estate described in the application herein) ...... defendants. The People of the State of Colorado to the above-named defendants, Greetings: You are hereby summoned and required to answer the application of the applicant plaintiff in the above entitled application for registration of the following land situate in .............. county, Colorado, to wit: (description of land), and to file your answer to the said application in the office of the clerk of said court, in said county, within twenty days after the service of this summons upon you, exclusive of the day of such service; and if you fail to answer the said application within the time aforesaid, the applicant plaintiff in this action will apply to the court for the relief demanded in the application. Witness, ........ clerk of said court and the seal thereof, at ........ in said county, and state, this .............. day of .............. A.D. 20.... . (Seal.).............. Clerk.

C.R.S. § 38-36-124 When guardian ad litem appointed - compensation

38-36-124. When guardian ad litem appointed - compensation. The court shall appoint a disinterested person to act as guardian ad litem for minors and other persons under disability and for all other persons not in being who appear to have an interest in the land. The compensation of the said guardian shall be determined by the court and paid as a part of the expense of the proceeding.

C.R.S. § 38-36-125 Who may answer - contents of answer

38-36-125. Who may answer - contents of answer. Any person claiming an interest, whether named in the summons or not, may appear and file an answer within the time named in the summons, or within such further time as may be allowed by the court. The answer shall state all objections to the application, and shall set forth the interests claimed by the party filing the same, and shall be signed and sworn to by him or by some person in his behalf.

C.R.S. § 38-36-126 Decree, when no answer filed - binds unknown claimants

38-36-126. Decree, when no answer filed - binds unknown claimants. If no person appears and answers within the time named in the summons or allowed by the court, the court may at once, upon the motion of the applicant, no reason to the contrary appearing and upon satisfactory proof of the applicant's right thereto, make its order and decree confirming the title of the applicant and ordering registration of the same. By the description in the summons, "all other persons unknown, claiming any right, title, estate, lien, or interest in, to, or upon the real estate described in the application herein", all the world are made parties defendant and shall be concluded by the default, order, and decree. The court shall not be bound by the report of the examiners of title but may require other or further proof.

C.R.S. § 38-36-127 Cause set for trial - default - referee appointed

38-36-127. Cause set for trial - default - referee appointed. If, in any case, an appearance is entered and answer filed, the cause shall be set down for hearing on motion of either party, but a default and order shall first be entered against all persons who do not appear and answer in the manner provided in section 38-36-126. The court may refer the cause or any part thereof to one of the examiners of title, as referee, to hear the parties and their evidence, and make report thereon to the court. His report shall have the same force and effect as that of a magistrate appointed by the district court under the laws of this state, and relating to the appointment, duties, and powers of magistrates.

C.R.S. § 38-36-128 Court may order further proof

38-36-128. Court may order further proof. The court may order such other or further hearing of the cause before the court or before the examiner of titles after the filing of the report of the examiner referred to in section 38-36-127 and require such other or further proof by either of the parties to the cause as to the court seems proper.

C.R.S. § 38-36-129 Title not proper for registration dismissed - applicant may dismiss

38-36-129. Title not proper for registration dismissed - applicant may dismiss. If, in any case, after hearing, the court finds that the applicant has no title proper for registration, a decree shall be entered dismissing the application, and such decree may be ordered to be without prejudice. The applicant may dismiss his application at any time before the final decree, upon such terms as may be fixed by the court, and upon motion to dismiss duly made to the court.

C.R.S. § 38-36-130 Decree of confirmation - effect - appeal

38-36-130. Decree of confirmation - effect - appeal. If the court, after hearing, finds that the applicant has title, whether as stated in his application or otherwise, proper for registration, a decree of confirmation of title and registration shall be entered. Every decree of registration shall bind the land and quiet the title thereto, except as otherwise provided in this article, and shall be forever binding and conclusive upon all persons, whether mentioned by name in the application or included in "all other persons or parties unknown claiming any right, title, estate, lien, or interest in, to, or upon the real estate described in the application herein", and such decree shall not be opened by reason of the absence, infancy, or other disability of any person affected thereby, nor by any proceeding at law or in equity for reversing judgments or decrees, except as especially provided in section 38-36-131. An appeal may be taken as provided by law and the Colorado appellate rules within the same time and upon like notice, terms, and conditions as are provided for the taking of appeals from the district court to the appellate court in civil actions.

C.R.S. § 38-36-131 When decree may be opened

38-36-131. When decree may be opened. (1) Any person having an interest in or lien upon the land who has not been actually served with process or notified of the filing of the application or the pendency thereof may at any time within ninety days after the entry of such decree, and not afterwards, appear and file his sworn answer to such application in like manner as prescribed in section 38-36-125 for making answer if such person had no actual notice or information of the filing of such application or the pendency of the proceeding during the pendency thereof, or until within three months of the time of the filing of such answer, which facts shall be made to appear before answering by the affidavit of the person answering or the affidavit of someone in his behalf having knowledge of the facts; and also if no innocent purchaser for value has acquired an interest. If there is any such purchaser, the decree of registration shall not be opened but shall remain in full force and effect forever, subject only to the right of appeal provided for in section 38-36-130. (2) Any person aggrieved by such decree in any case may pursue his remedy by suit in the nature of an action of tort against the applicant or any other person for fraud in procuring the decree and may also bring his action for indemnity as provided for in section 38-36-187. (3) Upon the filing of such answer, and not less than ten days' notice having been given to the applicant and to such other interested parties as the court may order in such manner as directed by the court, the court shall proceed to review the case, and if the court is satisfied that the order or decree ought to be opened, an order shall be entered to that effect, and the court shall proceed to review the proceedings and shall make such order in the case as is equitable in the premises. An appeal may be allowed in this case, as well as from all other decrees affecting any registered title, within a like time and in a like manner as in the case of an original decree under this article, and not otherwise.

C.R.S. § 38-36-132 Action to recover land - limitation

38-36-132. Action to recover land - limitation. No person shall commence any proceeding for the recovery of lands or any interest, right, lien, or demand therein or upon the same adverse to the title or interest as found or decreed in the decree of registration unless within ninety days after the entry of the order or decree. This section shall be construed as giving such right of action to such person only as shall not, because of some irregularity, insufficiency, or for some other cause, be bound and concluded by such order or decree.

C.R.S. § 38-36-133 Certificate of title insures freedom from encumbrance - exceptions

38-36-133. Certificate of title insures freedom from encumbrance - exceptions. (1) Every person receiving a certificate of title in pursuance of a decree of registration and every subsequent purchaser of registered land who takes a certificate of title for value and in good faith shall hold the same free from all encumbrances, except only such estates, mortgages, liens, charges, and interests as may be noted in the last certificate of title in the registrar's office, and except any of the following rights or encumbrances subsisting, namely: (a) Any existing lease for a period not exceeding three years, when there is actual occupation of the premises under the lease; (b) All public highways embraced in the description of the land included in the certificates shall be deemed to be excluded from the certificate, and any subsisting right-of-way or other easement for ditches or water rights upon, over, or in respect to the land; (c) Any tax or special assessment for which a sale of the land has not been had at the date of the certificate of title; (d) Such right of appeal, or right to appear and contest the application, as is allowed by this article; (e) Liens, claims, or rights, if any, arising or existing under the constitution or laws of the United States, and which the statutes of this state cannot or do not require to appear of record in the office of the county clerk and recorder.

C.R.S. § 38-36-134 Contents of decree - certified copy filed

38-36-134. Contents of decree - certified copy filed. Every decree of registration shall bear the year, day, hour, and minute of its entry and shall be signed by one of the judges of the district court. It shall state whether the owner is married or unmarried and, if married, the name of the husband or wife. If the owner is under disability it shall state the nature of the disability, and, if a minor, shall state his age. It shall contain a description of the land as finally determined by the court and shall set forth the estate of the owner, and also, in such manner as to show their relative priority, all particular estates, mortgages, easements, liens, attachments, homesteads, and other encumbrances, including rights of husband and wife, if any, to which the land or the owner's estate is subject and shall contain any other matter or information properly to be determined by the court in pursuance of this article. The decree shall be stated in a convenient form for transcription upon the certificate of title, to be made as provided in section 38-36-139 by the registrar of titles. Immediately upon the filing of the decree of registration, the clerk shall file a certified copy thereof in the office of the registrar of titles.

C.R.S. § 38-36-135 Party acquiring interest after application filed made defendant

38-36-135. Party acquiring interest after application filed made defendant. Any person who takes by conveyance, attachment, judgment, lien, or otherwise any right, title, or interest in the land subsequent to the filing of a copy of the application for registration in the office of the county clerk and recorder shall at once appear and answer as a party defendant in the proceeding for registration, and the right, title, or interest of such person shall be subject to the order or decree of the court.

C.R.S. § 38-36-136 Registered land to remain under this article unless removed from registration

38-36-136. Registered land to remain under this article unless removed from registration. (1) Unless removed from registration in the manner stated in this section, section 38-36-204, or section 38-36-205, the obtaining of a decree of registration and receiving of a certificate of title shall be deemed an agreement running with the land and binding upon the applicant and the successors in title that the land is and remains registered land and subject to this article 36 and of all amendments thereto. All dealings with the land or any estate or interest therein after the same has been brought under this article 36, and all liens, encumbrances, and charges upon the same shall be made only subject to the terms of this article 36. The owner, or his agent or attorney, of any real property registered under the terms of this article 36 may, at any time, withdraw said real property registration from the operation of this article 36 by surrendering to the registrar his duplicate certificate of ownership, duly endorsed with a signed and acknowledged request for such withdrawal. (2) This request may be substantially in the following form, to wit: To the Registrar of Titles in the County of .............., and State of Colorado: I, (or we), ............, the undersigned registered owner of the within described real property, do hereby request that said real property and the title thereto be forthwith withdrawn from registration under the terms of this article. Witness my (or our) hand this .......... day of .........., A.D. 20.... . STATE OF COLORADO ) ) ss. County of .....................................) The foregoing instrument was acknowledged before me this ............ day of ............, A.D. 20...., by ............... . Witness my hand and official seal. My Commission expires: ................................. Notary Public. (3) Thereupon such registrar shall certify on said certificate that said real property has been withdrawn from the operation of this article and shall cause said certificate with all notations, certifications, memorials, and endorsements thereon to be recorded in the office of the county clerk and recorder of the county in which said real estate is situated. The fee to be paid to the county clerk and recorder for recording said certificate shall be the sum of five dollars. Such withdrawal shall not alter or affect any title, lien, encumbrance, or right pertaining to or fixed upon such real property at the time of such withdrawal.

C.R.S. § 38-36-137 No title by prescription or adverse possession

38-36-137. No title by prescription or adverse possession. No title to registered land in derogation of that of the registered owner shall ever be acquired by prescription or adverse possession.

C.R.S. § 38-36-138 Title to be registered - register of titles

38-36-138. Title to be registered - register of titles. Immediately upon the filing of the decree of registration in the office of the registrar of titles, the registrar shall proceed to register the title or interest pursuant to the terms of the decree in the manner provided in this section. The registrar shall keep a book known as the "register of titles", wherein he shall enter all first and subsequent original certificates of title by binding or recording them therein in the order of their numbers, consecutively, beginning with number one, with appropriate blanks for entry of memorials and notations allowed by this article. Each certificate, with such blanks, shall constitute a separate page of such book. All memorials and notations that may be entered upon the register shall be entered upon the page whereon the last certificate of title of the land to which they relate is entered. The term "certificate" or "title" used in this article includes all memorials and notations thereon.

C.R.S. § 38-36-139 Contents and form of certificate of registration

38-36-139. Contents and form of certificate of registration. The certificate of registration shall contain the name of the owner, a description of the land and of the estate of the owner, and shall by memorial or notation contain a description of all encumbrances, liens, and interest to which the estate of the owner is subject. It shall state the residence of the owner and, if a minor, give his age; if under disability, it shall state the nature of the disability; it shall state whether married or not, and if married, the name of the husband or wife. In case of a trust, condition, or limitation, it shall state the trust, condition, or limitation, as the case may be. It shall contain and conform in respect to all statements in the certified copy of the decree of registration filed with the registrar of titles as provided in section 38-36-134, and shall be in a form substantially as follows: FIRST CERTIFICATE OF TITLE. Pursuant to order of district court of ............ county. STATE OF COLORADO ) ) ss. County of .....................................) This is to certify that A ........ B ........ of .............., county of .............., state of .............. is now the owner of an estate (describe the estate) of, and in (describe the land), subject to the encumbrances, liens, and interests noted by the memorial underwritten or endorsed thereon, subject to the exceptions and qualifications mentioned in section 38-36-133. (Here note all statements provided herein to appear upon the certificate.) In witness whereof, I have hereunto set my hand and affixed the official seal of my office this ........ day of ...................., A.D. 20.... . (Seal) ....................................... Registrar of Titles.

C.R.S. § 38-36-140 Owner's duplicate certificate of ownership - signature of owner

38-36-140. Owner's duplicate certificate of ownership - signature of owner. The registrar shall, at the time that he enters his original certificate of title, make an exact duplicate thereof, but putting on it the words, "Owner's duplicate certificate of ownership", and deliver the same to the owner or to his attorney duly authorized. For the purpose of preserving evidence of the signature and handwriting of the owner in his office, it is the duty of the registrar to take from the owner, in every case where it is practicable to do so, his receipt for the certificate of title, which shall be signed by the owner in person. Such receipt, when signed and delivered in the registrar's office, shall be witnessed by the registrar or deputy registrar. If such receipt is signed elsewhere, it shall be witnessed and acknowledged in the same manner as is now provided for the acknowledgment of deeds. When so signed, such receipt shall be prima facie evidence of the genuineness of such signature.

C.R.S. § 38-36-141 Two or more owners

38-36-141. Two or more owners. Where two or more persons are registered owners as tenants in common or otherwise, the owner's duplicate certificate can be issued for the entirety, or a separate duplicate owner's certificate may be issued to each owner for his undivided share.

C.R.S. § 38-36-142 Subsequent certificates

38-36-142. Subsequent certificates. All certificates subsequent to the first shall be in like form, except that they shall be entitled "Transfer from No. ......." (the number of the next previous certificate relating to the same land), and shall also contain the words "Originally registered on the .............. day of .............., 20...., and entered in book ........, at page ........ of register".

C.R.S. § 38-36-143 Exchange of certificates - platting land

38-36-143. Exchange of certificates - platting land. A registered owner holding one duplicate certificate for several distinct parcels of land may surrender it and take out several certificates for portions thereof. A registered owner holding several duplicate certificates for several distinct parcels of land may surrender them and take out a single duplicate certificate for all of said parcels, or several certificates for different portions thereof. Such exchange of certificates, however, shall only be made by the order of the court upon petition therefor duly made by the owner. An owner of registered land who subdivides such land into lots, blocks, or acre tracts shall file with the registrar of titles a plat of said land so subdivided, in the same manner and subject to the same rules of law and restrictions as is provided for platting land that is not registered.

C.R.S. § 38-36-144 When certificate takes effect

38-36-144. When certificate takes effect. The certificate of title shall relate back to and take effect as of the date of the decree of registration.

C.R.S. § 38-36-145 Certificates in evidence - variance

38-36-145. Certificates in evidence - variance. The original certificate in the registration book, any copy thereof duly certified under the signature of the registrar of titles or his deputy and authenticated by his seal, and also the owner's duplicate certificate shall be received as evidence in all the courts of this state, and shall be conclusive as to all matters contained therein, except so far as is otherwise provided in this article. In case of a variance between the owner's duplicate certificate and the original certificate, the original shall prevail.

C.R.S. § 38-36-146 Indexes kept by registrar - adoption of forms

38-36-146. Indexes kept by registrar - adoption of forms. The registrar of titles, under the direction of the court, shall make and keep indexes of all duplications and of all certified copies and decrees of registration and certificates of titles, and shall also index and file in classified order all papers and instruments filed in his office relating to applications and to registered titles. The registrar shall also, under the direction of the court, prepare and keep forms of indexes and registration and entry books. The court shall prepare and adopt convenient forms of certificates of titles, and also general forms of memorials or notations to be used by the registrars of titles in registering the common forms of conveyance and other instruments to express briefly their effect.

C.R.S. § 38-36-147 Tract and alphabetical indexes kept by registrar

38-36-147. Tract and alphabetical indexes kept by registrar. The registrar of titles shall keep tract indexes, in which shall be entered the lands registered in the numerical order of the townships, ranges, sections, and, in cases of subdivisions, the blocks and lots therein, and the names of the owners, with a reference to the volume and page of the register of titles in which the lands are registered. He shall also keep alphabetical indexes, in which shall be entered in alphabetical order the names of all registered owners and all other persons interested in or holding charges upon or any interest in the registered land, with a reference to the volume and page of the register of titles in which the land is registered.

C.R.S. § 38-36-148 Registered land may be conveyed or encumbered

38-36-148. Registered land may be conveyed or encumbered. The owner of registered land may convey, mortgage, lease, charge, or otherwise encumber, dispose of, or deal with the same as fully as if it had not been registered. He may use forms of deeds, trust deeds, mortgages, and leases or voluntary instruments like those now in use and sufficient in law for the purpose intended. But no voluntary instrument of conveyance, except a will and a lease for a term not exceeding three years, purporting to convey or affect registered land, shall take effect as a conveyance or bind the land but shall operate only as a contract between the parties and as evidence of the authority to the registrar of titles to make registration. The act of registration shall be the operative act to convey or affect the land.

C.R.S. § 38-36-149 Effect of recording instruments

38-36-149. Effect of recording instruments. Every conveyance, lien, attachment, order, decree, judgment of a court of record, or instrument or entry which would under existing law, if recorded, filed, or entered in the office of the county clerk and recorder of the county in which the real estate is situate, affect the said real estate to which it relates, if the title thereto were not registered, shall, if recorded, filed, or entered in the office of the registrar of titles in the county where the real estate to which such instrument relates is situate, affect in like manner the title thereto if registered, and shall be notice to all persons from the time of such recording, filing, or entering.

C.R.S. § 38-36-150 Records - open to inspection

38-36-150. Records - open to inspection. The registrar of titles shall number and note, in a proper book to be kept for that purpose, the year, month, day, hour, and minute of reception and number of all conveyances, orders or decrees, writs or other process, judgments, liens, and all other instruments or papers or orders affecting the title of land, the title to which is registered. Every instrument so filed shall be retained in the office of the registrar of titles and shall be regarded as registered from the time so noted, and the memorial of each instrument, when made on the certificate of title to which it refers, shall bear the same date. Every instrument so filed, whether voluntary or involuntary, shall be numbered and indexed, and endorsed with a reference to the proper certificate of title. All records and papers relating to registered land in the office of the registrar of titles shall be open to public inspection in the same manner as are the papers and records in the office of the county clerk and recorder.

C.R.S. § 38-36-151 Duplicates - certified copies

38-36-151. Duplicates - certified copies. Duplicates of all instruments, voluntary or involuntary, filed and registered in the office of the registrar of titles, may be presented with the originals, and shall be attested and sealed by the registrar of titles, and endorsed with the file number and other memoranda on the originals, and may be taken away by the person presenting the same. Certified copies of all instruments filed and registered may be obtained from the registrar of titles on the payment of a fee of the same amount as is allowed the county clerk and recorder for a like certified copy.

C.R.S. § 38-36-152 Title not divested - interests less than freehold

38-36-152. Title not divested - interests less than freehold. (1) No new certificate shall be entered or issued upon any transfer of registered land which does not divest the title in fee simple of said land or some part thereof from the owner or one of the registered owners. All interest in the registered land less than a freehold estate shall be registered by filing with the registrar of titles the instruments creating, transferring, or claiming such interest, and by a brief memorandum or memorial thereof made by a registrar of titles upon the certificate of title, and signed by him. A similar memorandum or memorial shall also be made on the owner's duplicate. (2) The cancellation or extinguishment of such interests shall be registered in the same manner. When any party in interest does not agree as to the proper memorial to be made upon the filing of any instrument presented for registration, or where the registrar of titles is in doubt as to the form of such memorial, the question shall be referred to the court for decision, either on the certificate of the registrar of titles or upon the demand in writing of any party in interest. (3) The registrar of titles shall bring before the court all the papers and evidence which may be necessary for the determination of the question by the court. The court, after notice to all parties in interest and a hearing, shall enter an order prescribing the form of the memorial, and the registrar of titles shall make registration in accordance therewith.

C.R.S. § 38-36-153 When owner's certificate must be presented - effect of presentation

38-36-153. When owner's certificate must be presented - effect of presentation. No new certificates of titles shall be entered, and no memorial shall be made upon any certificate of title in pursuance of any deed or other voluntary instrument unless the owner's duplicate certificate is presented with such instrument, except in cases provided for in this article, or upon the order of the court, for cause shown. Whenever such order is made, a memorial therefor shall be entered, or a new certificate issued, as directed by said order. The production of the owner's duplicate certificate, whenever any voluntary instrument is presented for registration, shall be conclusive authority from the registered owner to the registrar of titles to enter a new certificate or to make a memorial of registration in accordance with such instrument, and a new certificate or memorial shall be binding upon the registered owner and upon all persons claiming under him, in favor of every purchaser for value and in good faith.

C.R.S. § 38-36-154 Certified copy of owner's duplicate certificates

38-36-154. Certified copy of owner's duplicate certificates. (1) In the event that an owner's duplicate certificate of title is lost, mislaid, or destroyed, the owner may make affidavit of the fact before any officer authorized to administer oaths, stating, with particularity, the facts relating to such loss, mislaying, or destruction, and shall file the same in the office of the registrar of titles. (2) Any party in interest may thereupon apply to the court, and the court shall, upon proofs of the facts set forth in the affidavit, enter an order directing the registrar of titles to make and issue a new owner's duplicate certificate. Such new owner's duplicate certificate shall be printed or marked "certified copy of owner's duplicate certificate", and such certified copy shall stand in the place of and have like effect as the owner's duplicate certificate.

C.R.S. § 38-36-155 Mode of conveying registered land

38-36-155. Mode of conveying registered land. An owner of registered land conveying the same, or any portion thereof, in fee, shall execute a deed of conveyance which the grantor shall file with the registrar of titles in the county where the land lies. The owner's duplicate certificate shall be surrendered, at the same time, and shall be by the registrar marked "canceled". The original certificate of title shall also be marked "canceled". The registrar of titles shall thereupon enter in the register of titles a new certificate of title to the grantee, and shall prepare and deliver to such grantee an owner's duplicate certificate. All encumbrances, claims, or interests adverse to the title of the registered owner shall be stated upon the new certificate, except insofar as they may be simultaneously released or discharged. When only a part of the land described in a certificate is transferred, or some estate or interest in the land remains in the transferor, a new certificate shall be issued to him for the part, estate, or interest remaining to him.

C.R.S. § 38-36-156 Certificate that taxes have been paid

38-36-156. Certificate that taxes have been paid. Before any deed, plat, or other instrument affecting registered land is filed or registered in the office of the registrar of titles, the owner shall present a certificate from the county treasurer showing that all taxes then due thereon have been paid.

C.R.S. § 38-36-157 Registered land subject to same laws as unregistered land

38-36-157. Registered land subject to same laws as unregistered land. Registered land and ownership therein shall in all respects be subject to the same burdens and incidents which attach by law to unregistered land. Nothing in this article shall in any way be construed to relieve registered land or the owners thereof from any rights incident to the relation of husband and wife, or from liability to attachment on mesne process, or levy on execution, or from liability of any lien of any description established by law on land and the improvements thereon, or the interest of the owner in such land or improvements, or to change the laws of descent, or the rights of partition between cotenants, or the right to take the same by eminent domain, or to relieve such land from liability to be recovered by an assignee in insolvency or trustee in bankruptcy under the provisions of law relating thereto, or to change or affect in any way any other rights or liabilities created by law and applicable to unregistered land, except as otherwise expressly provided in this article.

C.R.S. § 38-36-158 Powers of attorney

38-36-158. Powers of attorney. Any person may by attorney convey or otherwise deal with registered land, but the letters or power of attorney shall be acknowledged and filed with the registrar of titles and registered. Any instrument revoking such letters or power of attorney shall be acknowledged in like manner.

C.R.S. § 38-36-159 Encumbrances must be registered

38-36-159. Encumbrances must be registered. The owner of registered land may mortgage or encumber the same by executing a trust deed or other instrument sufficient in law for that purpose, and such instrument may be assigned, extended, discharged, released in whole or in part, or otherwise dealt with by the mortgagee by any form of instrument sufficient in law for the purpose. But such trust deed or other instrument, and all instruments assigning, extending, discharging, releasing, or otherwise dealing with the encumbrance, shall be registered and take effect upon the title only from the time of registration.

C.R.S. § 38-36-160 Trust deed deemed a mortgage - how registered

38-36-160. Trust deed deemed a mortgage - how registered. (1) A trust deed shall be deemed to be a mortgage, and be subject to the same rules as a mortgage, excepting as to the manner of the foreclosure thereof. The registration of a mortgage shall be made in the following manner: The owner's duplicate certificate shall be presented to the registrar of titles with the mortgage deed or instrument to be registered, and the registrar shall enter upon the original certificate of title and also upon the owner's duplicate certificate a memorial of the purport of the instrument registered, the time of filing and the file number of the registered instrument. He shall also note upon the instrument registered the time of filing and a reference to the volume and page of the register of title wherein the same is registered. (2) The registrar of titles shall also, at the request of the mortgagee, make out and deliver to him a duplicate certificate of title, like the owner's duplicate; except that the words "mortgagee's duplicate" shall be written or printed upon such certificate in large letters, diagonally across the face. A memorandum of the issuance of the mortgagee's duplicate shall be made upon the certificate of title.

C.R.S. § 38-36-161 Assignment, cancellation, and release of mortgage

38-36-161. Assignment, cancellation, and release of mortgage. Whenever a mortgage upon which a mortgagee's duplicate has been issued is assigned, extended, or otherwise dealt with, the mortgagee's duplicate shall be presented with the instrument assigning, extending, or otherwise dealing with the mortgage, and a memorial of the instrument shall be made upon the mortgagee's duplicate and upon the original certificate of title. When the mortgage is discharged or otherwise extinguished, the mortgagee's duplicate shall be surrendered and stamped "canceled". In case only a part of the charge or of the land is intended to be released, discharged, or surrendered, the entry shall be made by a memorial accordingly in like manner as before provided for a release or discharge. The production of the mortgagee's duplicate certificate shall be conclusive authority to register the instrument therewith presented. A mortgage on registered land may be discharged in whole or in part by the mortgagee in person on the register of titles in the same manner as a mortgage on unregistered land may be discharged by an entry on the margin of the record thereof in the county clerk and recorder's office, and such discharge shall be attested by the registrar of titles.

C.R.S. § 38-36-162 Foreclosure of mortgage

38-36-162. Foreclosure of mortgage. All charges upon registered land, or any estate or interest in the same, and any right thereunder may be enforced as is permitted by law, and all laws relating to the foreclosure of mortgages shall apply to mortgages upon registered land or any estate or interest therein, except as otherwise provided in this section, and except that a notice of the pendency of any suit or of any proceeding to enforce or foreclose the mortgage or any charge shall be filed in the office of the registrar of titles, and a memorial thereof entered on the register at the time of or prior to the commencement of such suit or the beginning of any such proceeding. A notice so filed and registered shall be notice to the registrar of titles and all persons dealing with the land or any part thereof. When a mortgagee's duplicate has been issued, such duplicate shall, at the time of the registering of the notice, be presented, and a memorial of such notice shall be entered upon the mortgagee's duplicate.

C.R.S. § 38-36-163 Registration of final decree - new certificate issued

38-36-163. Registration of final decree - new certificate issued. In any action affecting registered land a judgment or final decree is entitled to registration on the presentation of a certified copy of the entry thereof from the clerk of the court where the action is pending to the registrar of titles. The registrar of titles shall enter a memorial thereof upon the original certificates of title and upon the owner's duplicate, and also upon the mortgagee's and lessee's duplicate, if any are outstanding. When the registered owner of such land is by such judgment or decree divested of his estate in fee to the land or any part thereof, the plaintiff or defendant shall be entitled to a new certificate of title for the land or that part thereof designated in the judgment or decree, and the registrar of titles shall enter such new certificate of title and issue a new owner's duplicate in such manner as is provided in the case of a voluntary conveyance. No such new certificate shall be entered except upon the application to the district court of the county and upon the filing in the office of the registrar of titles an order of the court directing the entry of such new certificate.

C.R.S. § 38-36-164 Title acquired by action registered - when certificate issues

38-36-164. Title acquired by action registered - when certificate issues. Any person who has, by any action or proceeding to enforce or foreclose any mortgage, lien, or charge upon registered land, become the owner in fee of the land or any part thereof shall be entitled to have his title registered, and the registrar of titles shall, upon application therefor, enter a new certificate of title for the land, or that part thereof of which the applicant is the owner, and issue an owner's duplicate in such manner as in the case of a voluntary conveyance of registered land. No such new certificate of title shall be entered, except after the time to redeem from such foreclosure has expired and upon the filing in the office of the registrar of titles an order of the district court of the county directing the entry of such new certificates.

C.R.S. § 38-36-165 Petition to court for new certificate

38-36-165. Petition to court for new certificate. In all cases wherein by this article it is provided that a new certificate of title to registered land shall be entered by order of the court, a person applying for such new certificate shall apply to the court by petition, setting forth the facts, and the court shall, after notice given to all parties in interest, as the court may direct, and upon hearing, make an order or decree for the entry of a new certificate to such person as shall appear to be entitled thereto.

C.R.S. § 38-36-166 Registration of leases

38-36-166. Registration of leases. Leases for registered land for a term of three years or more shall be registered in like manner as a mortgage, and the provisions of section 38-36-160 relating to the registration of mortgages shall also apply to the registration of leases. The registrar shall, at the request of the lessee, make out and deliver to him a duplicate of the certificate of title like the owner's duplicate, except the words "lessee's duplicate" shall be written or printed upon it in large letters diagonally across its face.

C.R.S. § 38-36-167 How transfer in trust registered

38-36-167. How transfer in trust registered. (1) Whenever a deed or other instrument is filed in the office of the registrar of titles for the purpose of effecting a transfer of, or a charge upon, the registered land or any estate or interest in the same, and it appears that the transfer or charge is to be in trust, or upon condition or limitation expressed in such deed or instrument, such deed or instrument shall be registered in the usual manner; except that the particulars of the trust, condition, limitation, or other equitable interest shall not be entered upon the certificate of title by memorial, but a memorandum or memorial shall be entered by the words "in trust" or "upon condition", or other apt words, and by reference by number to the instrument authorizing or creating the same. A similar memorial shall be made upon the owner's duplicate certificate. (2) No transfer of or charge upon or dealing with the land or estate, or interest therein, shall thereafter be registered, except upon an order of the court first filed in the office of the registrar of titles directing such transfer, charge, or dealing in accordance with the true intent and meaning of the trust, condition, or limitation. Such registration shall be conclusive evidence in favor of the person taking such transfer, charge, or right, and those claiming under him, in good faith and for a valuable consideration, that such transfer, charge, or other dealing is in accordance with the true intent and meaning of the trust, condition, or limitation.

C.R.S. § 38-36-168 New trustee - new certificate

38-36-168. New trustee - new certificate. When the title to registered land passes from a trustee to a new trustee, a new certificate shall be entered to him and shall be registered in like manner, as upon an original conveyance in trust.

C.R.S. § 38-36-169 Trustee may apply for registration of land

38-36-169. Trustee may apply for registration of land. Any trustee shall have authority to file an application for the registration of any land held in trust by him, unless expressly prohibited by the instrument creating the trust.

C.R.S. § 38-36-170 Certificate of title number on all filings and registrations

38-36-170. Certificate of title number on all filings and registrations. In every case where a writing of any description, or a copy of any writ, order, or decree is required by law to be filed or recorded in order to create or preserve any lien, right, or attachment upon unregistered land, such writing or copy when intended to affect registered land, in lieu of recording, shall be filed and registered in the office of the registrar of titles in the county in which the land lies, and, in addition to any particulars required in such papers for the filing or recording, shall also contain a reference to the number of the certificate of title of the land to be affected, and also, if the attachment, right, or lien is not claimed on all the land in any certificate of title, a description sufficiently accurate for the identification of the land intended to be affected.

C.R.S. § 38-36-171 How attachments, liens, and other rights enforced

38-36-171. How attachments, liens, and other rights enforced. All attachments, liens, and rights of every description shall be enforced, continued, reduced, discharged, and dissolved by any proceeding or method sufficient and proper in law to enforce, continue, reduce, discharge, or dissolve like liens on unregistered land. All certificates, writings, or other instruments permitted or required by law to be filed or recorded to give effect to the enforcement, continuance, reduction, discharge, or dissolution of attachment, liens, or other rights upon registered land, or to give notice of such enforcement, continuance, reduction, discharge, or dissolution, shall, in the case of like attachments, liens, or other rights upon registered land, be filed with the registrar of titles and registered in the register of titles, in lieu of filing or recording.

C.R.S. § 38-36-172 Name and address of plaintiff's attorney

38-36-172. Name and address of plaintiff's attorney. The name and address of the attorney for the plaintiff in every action affecting the title to registered land shall be endorsed upon the writ or other writing filed in the office of the registrar of titles, and he shall be deemed the attorney of the plaintiff until written notice that he has ceased to be such plaintiff's attorney shall be filed for registration by the plaintiff.

C.R.S. § 38-36-173 When judgment becomes a lien

38-36-173. When judgment becomes a lien. A judgment, decree, or order of any court shall be a lien upon or affect registered land or any estate or interest therein only when a certificate under the hand and official seal of the clerk of the court in which the same is of record, stating the date and purport of the judgment, decree, or order, or a certified copy of such judgment, decree, or order, or transcript of the judgment docket, is filed in the office of the registrar of titles and a memorial of the same is entered upon the register of the last certificate of the title affected.

C.R.S. § 38-36-174 Title acquired by execution - new certificate issued

38-36-174. Title acquired by execution - new certificate issued. Any person who has acquired any right, title, interest, or estate in registered land by virtue of any execution, judgment, order, or decree of the court shall register his title so acquired by filing in the office of the registrar of titles all writings or instruments permitted or required to be recorded in the case of unregistered land. If the interest or estate so acquired is the fee in the registered land, or any part thereof, the person acquiring such interest shall be entitled to have a new certificate of title registered in him in the same manner as is provided in the case of persons acquiring title by action or proceeding in foreclosure of mortgages.

C.R.S. § 38-36-175 Action disposed of - memorial canceled

38-36-175. Action disposed of - memorial canceled. The certificate of the clerk of the court, in which any action or proceeding has been pending, or any judgment or decree is of record, that such action or proceeding has been dismissed or otherwise disposed of, or that the judgment, decree, or order has been satisfied, released, reversed, or overruled, or of any sheriff or any other officer that the levy of any execution, attachment, or other process, certified by him, has been released, discharged, or otherwise disposed of, being filed in the office of the registrar of titles and noted upon the register, shall be sufficient to authorize the registrar to cancel or otherwise treat the memorial of such action, proceeding, judgment, decree, order, or levy, according to the purport of such certificate.

C.R.S. § 38-36-176 Petition and order for new certificate after redemption period

38-36-176. Petition and order for new certificate after redemption period. Whenever registered land is sold, and the same is by law subject to redemption by the owner or any other person, the purchaser is not entitled to have a new certificate of title entered until the time within which the land may be redeemed has expired. At any time after the time to redeem has expired, the purchaser may petition the court for an order directing the entry of a new certificate of title to him, and the court shall, after such notice as it may order and hearing, grant and make an order directing the entry of such new certificate of title.

C.R.S. § 38-36-177 When certificate will issue to heir or devisee

38-36-177. When certificate will issue to heir or devisee. The heirs at law and devisees, upon the death of an owner of lands, and any estate or interest therein, registered pursuant to this article, on the expiration of thirty days after the entry of a decree of the district or probate court granting letters testamentary or of administration, or in case of an appeal from such decree, at any time after the entry of a final decree, may file a certified copy of the final decree of the district or probate court and of the will, if any, with the clerk of the district court in the county in which the land lies, and make application to the court for an order for the entry of a new certificate of title. The court shall issue notice to the executor or administrator and all other persons in interest, and may also give notice by publication in such newspaper as it may deem proper, to all whom it may concern and, after hearing, may direct the entry of a new certificate to the person who appears to be entitled thereto as heir or devisee. Any new certificate so entered before the final settlement of the estate of the deceased owner in the district or probate court shall state expressly that it is entered by transfer from the last certificate by descent or devise, and that the estate is in process of settlement. After the final settlement of the estate in the district or probate court, or after the expiration of the time allowed by law for bringing an action against an executor or administrator by creditors of the deceased, the heirs at law or devisees may petition the court for an order to cancel the memorial upon their certificates stating that the estate is in course of settlement, and the court, after such notice as it may order and hearing, may grant the petition. The liability of registered land to be sold for claims against the estate of the deceased shall not in any way be diminished or changed.

C.R.S. § 38-36-178 Sale or mortgage of lands in probate

38-36-178. Sale or mortgage of lands in probate. Nothing in this article shall include, affect, or impair the jurisdiction of the district or probate court to order an executor, administrator, or guardian to sell or mortgage registered land for any purpose for which such order may be granted in the case of unregistered land. The purchaser or mortgagee taking a deed or mortgage executed in pursuance of such order of the district or probate court shall be entitled to register his title and to the entry of a new certificate of title or memorial of registration upon application to the district court and upon filing in the office of the registrar of titles an order of said court directing the entry of such certificates.

C.R.S. § 38-36-179 Trustees to file copy of authority - effect

38-36-179. Trustees to file copy of authority - effect. An assignee for the benefit of creditors, receiver, trustee in bankruptcy, master, special commissioner, or other person appointed by court shall file in the office of the registrar of titles the instrument by which he is vested with title, estate, or interest in any registered land, or a certified copy of an order of the court showing that such assignee, receiver, trustee in bankruptcy, master, special commissioner, or other person is authorized to deal with such land, estate, or interest. If it is in the power of such person, he shall at the same time present to the registrar of titles the owner's duplicate certificate of title; thereupon, the registrar shall enter upon the register of titles and the duplicate certificate, if presented, a memorial thereof, with a reference to such order or deed by its file number. Such memorial having been entered, the assignee, receiver, trustee in bankruptcy, master, special commissioner, or other person may, subject to the direction of the court, deal with or transfer such land as if he were the registered owner.

C.R.S. § 38-36-180 Eminent domain - fees - reversion

38-36-180. Eminent domain - fees - reversion. Whenever registered land, or any right or interest therein, is taken by eminent domain, the state or body politic, or corporate or other authority exercising such right, shall pay all fees on account of any memorial or registration or entry of new certificates or duplicate thereof, and fees for the filing of instruments required by this article to be filed. When for any reason, by operation of law, land which has been taken for public use reverts to the owner from whom it was taken, or his heirs or assigns, the court, upon petition of the person entitled to the benefit of the reversion, after such notice as it may order and hearing, may order the entry of a new certificate of title to him.

C.R.S. § 38-36-181 Issuance of new certificate - amendment of duplicates

38-36-181. Issuance of new certificate - amendment of duplicates. (1) In every case where the registrar of titles enters a memorial upon a certificate of title, or enters a new certificate of title, in pursuance of any instrument executed by the registered owner, or by reason of any instrument or proceeding which affects or devises the title of the registered owner against his consent, if the outstanding owner's duplicate certificate is not presented, the registrar of titles shall not enter a new certificate or make a memorial, but the person claiming to be entitled thereto may apply by petition to the court. The court may order the registered owner or any person withholding the duplicate certificate to present or surrender the same, and direct the entry of a memorial or new certificate upon such presentation or surrender. If in any case the person withholding the duplicate certificate is not amenable to the process of the court, or cannot be found, or if for any reason the outstanding owner's duplicate certificate cannot be presented or surrendered without delay, the court may, by decree, annul the same and order a new certificate of title to be entered. Such new certificate, and all duplicates thereof, shall contain a memorial of the annulment of the outstanding duplicate. (2) If in any case an outstanding mortgagee's or lessee's duplicate certificate is withheld or otherwise dealt with, like proceedings may be had to obtain registration as in the case of the owner's withholding or refusal to deliver the duplicate receipt.

C.R.S. § 38-36-182 Court may refer application to examiner of titles

38-36-182. Court may refer application to examiner of titles. In all cases where, under the provisions of this article, application is made to the court for any order or decree, the court may refer the matter to one of the examiners of title for hearing and report, in like manner as is provided in section 38-36-118 for the reference of the application for registration.

C.R.S. § 38-36-183 Examiner of titles to advise registrar - other powers

38-36-183. Examiner of titles to advise registrar - other powers. Examiners of title shall, upon the request of the registrar of titles, advise him upon any act or duty pertaining to the conduct of his office and shall, upon request, prepare the form of any memorial to be made or entered by the registrar of titles. The examiner of titles has full power to administer oaths and examine witnesses involved in his investigation of titles.

C.R.S. § 38-36-184 Requirements of instruments filed for registration

38-36-184. Requirements of instruments filed for registration. Every writing and instrument required or permitted by this article to be filed for registration shall contain or have endorsed upon it the full name, place of residence, and post-office address of the grantee or other person acquiring or claiming any right, title, or interest under such instrument. Any change in residence or post-office address of such person shall be endorsed by the registrar of titles in the original instrument on receiving a sworn statement of such change. All names and addresses shall also be entered on all certificates. All notices required by or given in pursuance of the provisions of this article by the registrar of titles or by the court, after original registration, shall be served on the person to be notified; if a resident of the state of Colorado, as summonses in civil actions are served, and proof of such service shall be made as on the return of a summons. All such notices shall be sent by mail to the person to be notified, if not a resident of the state of Colorado, at his residence and post-office address, as stated in the certificate of title or in any registered instrument under which he claims an interest. The certificate of the registrar of titles, or clerk of court, that any notice has been served by mailing the same as provided in this section, shall be conclusive proof of such notice. The court may in any case order different or further service by publication or otherwise.

C.R.S. § 38-36-185 Adverse claim - filed - hearing - costs

38-36-185. Adverse claim - filed - hearing - costs. (1) Any person claiming any right or interest in registered land, adverse to the registered owner, arising subsequent to the date of the original registration, if no other provision is made in this article for registering the same, may make a statement in writing, setting forth fully his alleged right or interest, and how or under whom acquired, and a reference to the volume and page of the certificate of title of the registered owner, and a description of the land to which the right or interest is claimed. (2) The statement shall be signed and sworn to, and shall state the adverse claimant's residence, and designate a place at which all notices may be served upon him. This statement shall be entitled to registration as an adverse claim, and the court, upon the petition of any party in interest, shall grant a speedy hearing upon the question of the validity of such adverse claim and shall enter such decree thereon as equity and justice may require. If the claim is adjudged to be invalid, its registration shall be canceled. The court may award such costs and damages, including reasonable attorney's fees, as it may deem just in the premises.

C.R.S. § 38-36-186 Fees paid registrar upon registration - disposition

38-36-186. Fees paid registrar upon registration - disposition. (1) Upon the original registration of land under this article, and also upon the entry of a certificate showing title as registered owners in heirs or devisees, there shall be paid to the registrar of titles one-tenth of one percent of the valuation for assessment of the real estate on the basis of the last assessment for general taxation, as an assurance fund. (2) All sums of money received by the registrar, as provided for in subsection (1) of this section, shall be forthwith paid by the registrar to the county treasurer of the county in which the land lies for the purpose of an assurance fund under the terms of this article. It is the duty of the county treasurer, whenever the amount on hand in said assurance fund is sufficient, to invest the same, principal and income, and report annually to the district court the condition and income thereof. No investment of the funds, or any part thereof, shall be made without the approval of said court by order entered of record. Said fund shall be invested only in securities meeting the investment requirements established in part 6 of article 75 of title 24, C.R.S.

C.R.S. § 38-36-187 Indemnity for loss due to mistake or misfeasance

38-36-187. Indemnity for loss due to mistake or misfeasance. Any person sustaining loss or damage through any omission, mistake, or misfeasance of the registrar of titles, or of any examiner of titles, or of any deputy, or by the mistake or misfeasance of the clerk of the court or any deputy in the performance of their respective duties under the provisions of this article, and any person wrongfully deprived of any land or any interest therein through the bringing of the same under the provisions of this article, or by the registration of any other person as the owner of such land, or by any mistake, omission, or misdescription in any certificate or entry or memorial in the register of titles, or by any cancellation, and who by the provisions of this article is barred or precluded from bringing an action for the recovery of such land, or interest therein, or claim thereon, may bring an action against the treasurer of the county in which said land is situated for the recovery of damages to be paid out of the assurance fund.

C.R.S. § 38-36-188 Defendants to indemnity suit - judgment - how collected

38-36-188. Defendants to indemnity suit - judgment - how collected. (1) If such action is for recovery for loss or damage arising only through any omission, mistake, or misfeasance of the registrar of titles, or his deputies, or of any examiner of titles, or any clerk of court, or his deputy in the performance of their respective duties under the provisions of this article, the county treasurer shall be the sole defendant to such action. If such action is brought for loss or damage arising only through the fraud or wrongful act of some person other than the registrar or his deputies, the examiners of title, the clerk of the court, or his deputies, or arising jointly through the fraud or wrongful act of such other persons, and the omission, mistakes, or misfeasance of the registrar of titles or his deputies, the examiners of titles, or the clerk of the court, or his deputies, such action shall be brought against both the county treasurer and such persons. (2) In all such actions where there are defendants other than the county treasurer and damages have been recovered, no final judgment shall be entered against the county treasurer until execution against the other defendants shall be returned unsatisfied in whole or in part, and the officer returning the execution shall certify that the amount still due upon the execution cannot be collected except by application to the indemnity fund. Thereupon, the court, being satisfied as to the truth of such return, shall order final judgment against the treasurer for the amount of the execution and costs, or so much thereof as remains unpaid. The county treasurer shall, upon such order of the court and final judgment, pay the amount of such judgment out of the assurance fund. It is the duty of the county attorney to appear and defend all such actions. If the funds in the assurance fund at any time are insufficient to pay any judgment in full, the balance unpaid shall draw interest at the legal rate of interest and be paid with such interest out of the first funds coming into said fund.

C.R.S. § 38-36-189 When assurance fund not liable - maximum judgment

38-36-189. When assurance fund not liable - maximum judgment. The assurance fund shall not be liable in any action to pay for any loss, damage, or deprivation occasioned by a breach of trust, whether express, implied, or constructive, by any registered owner who is a trustee, or by the improper exercise of any power of sale in a mortgage or trust deed. Final judgment shall not be entered against the county treasurer in any action in this article to recover from the assurance fund for more than a fair market value of the real estate at the time of the last payment to the assurance fund on account of the same real estate.

C.R.S. § 38-36-190 Action must be brought within six years - exception

38-36-190. Action must be brought within six years - exception. No action or proceeding for compensation for or by reason of any deprivation, loss, or damage occasioned or sustained as provided in this article shall be made, brought, or taken except within the period of six years from the time when the right to bring or take such action or proceeding first accrued. If at the time when such right of action first accrued the person entitled to bring such action or take such proceeding is under the age of eighteen years, insane, imprisoned, or absent from the United States in the service of the United States or of this state, then such person, or anyone claiming from, by, or under him, may bring the action or take the proceeding at any time within two years after such disability is removed, notwithstanding the time before limited in that behalf has expired.

C.R.S. § 38-36-191 Alteration of certificate only on order of court

38-36-191. Alteration of certificate only on order of court. (1) No erasure, alteration, or amendment shall be made upon the register of titles after the entry of a certificate of title or a memorial thereon and the attestation of the same by the registrar of titles, except by order of the court. Any registered owner or other person in interest may at any time apply by petition to the court, upon the ground that registered interests of any description, whether vested, contingent, expectant, or inchoate, have terminated and ceased; or that new interests have arisen or been created which do not appear upon the certificate; or that an error, omission, or mistake was made in entering a certificate or any memorial thereon or any duplicate certificate; or that the name of any person on the certificate has been changed; or that the registered owner has been married, or if registered as married, that the marriage has been terminated; or that a corporation which owned registered land has been dissolved and has not conveyed the same within three years after its dissolution; or upon any other reasonable ground; and the court shall have jurisdiction to hear and determine the petition, after such notice as it may order to all parties in interest, and may order the entry of a new certificate or the entry or cancellation of a memorial upon a certificate, or grant any other relief upon such terms and conditions, requiring security if necessary, as it may deem proper. (2) This section shall not be construed to give the court authority to open the original decree of registration, and nothing shall be done or ordered by the court which impairs the title or other interest of a purchaser holding a certificate for value and in good faith, or his heirs or assigns, without his or their written consent.

C.R.S. § 38-36-192 Theft of certificate

38-36-192. Theft of certificate. Certificates of title and duplicate certificates entered or issued under this article shall be subjects of theft, and anyone stealing any such certificate commits a class 6 felony and shall be punished as provided in section 18-1.3-401, C.R.S.

C.R.S. § 38-36-193 Perjury

38-36-193. Perjury. Whoever knowingly swears falsely to any statement required by this article to be made under oath is guilty of perjury in the second degree and, upon conviction thereof, is liable to the statutory penalties therefor.

C.R.S. § 38-36-194 Fraudulently procuring certificate a felony

38-36-194. Fraudulently procuring certificate a felony. Whoever fraudulently procures, or assists in fraudulently procuring, or is privy to the fraudulent procurement of any certificate of title or other instrument, or of any entry in the register of titles or other book kept in the office of the registrar of titles, or of any erasure or alteration in any entry in any such book or in any instrument authorized by this article, or whoever knowingly defrauds or is privy to defrauding any person by means of a false or fraudulent instrument, certificate, statement, or affidavit affecting registered land, commits a class 6 felony and shall be punished as provided in section 18-1.3-401, C.R.S.

C.R.S. § 38-36-195 Forging seal or signature a felony

38-36-195. Forging seal or signature a felony. Whoever forges, or procures to be forged, or assists in forging the seal of the registrar, or the name, signature, or handwriting of any officer of the registry office, in cases where such officer is expressly or impliedly authorized to affix his or her signature; or forges, or procures to be forged, or assists in forging the name, signature, or handwriting of any person whomsoever to any instrument which is expressly or impliedly authorized to be signed by such person; or uses any document upon which any impression or part of the impression of any seal of said registrar has been forged, knowing the same to have been forged, or any document the signature to which has been forged, commits a class 6 felony and shall be punished as provided in section 18-1.3-401, C.R.S.

C.R.S. § 38-36-196 Remedy against one criminally liable not affected

38-36-196. Remedy against one criminally liable not affected. No proceeding or conviction for any act declared to be a felony shall affect any remedy which any person aggrieved or injured by such act may be entitled to at law or in equity against the person who has committed such act or against his estate.

C.R.S. § 38-36-197 Docket fees - expenses of publication

38-36-197. Docket fees - expenses of publication. (1) On the filing of any application for registration the applicant shall pay to the clerk of the court such docket and clerk fees as are provided by law for civil actions and proceedings. (2) Any defendant, on entering his appearance, shall pay to the clerk of the court such fees as are provided by law for costs in civil actions and proceedings. (3) Every publication in a newspaper required by this article shall be paid for by the party on whose application the order of publication is made in addition to the fees prescribed in subsections (1) and (2) of this section. The party at whose request any notice is issued shall pay for the service of the same, except when sent by mail by the clerk of the court or registrar of titles. (4) Any petitioner, respondent, or defendant, upon entering his appearance in any supplemental proceeding following the entry of the original decree of registration, shall pay such docket fee as is provided by law to be paid by a defendant in civil actions.

C.R.S. § 38-36-198 Fees to be paid registrar - application of fees

38-36-198. Fees to be paid registrar - application of fees. (1) The fees to be paid to the registrar of titles shall be as follows: (a) At or before the time of filing of the certified copy of the application with said registrar, the applicant shall pay to said registrar the fee prescribed by section 38-36-186; (b) For granting certificates of title upon each application and registering the same, twenty dollars; (c) For registering each transfer, including the filing of all instruments connected therewith, and the issuance and registration of the instruments connected therewith, and the issuance and registration of the new certificates of title, twenty dollars; (d) When the land transferred is held upon any trust condition or limitation, an additional fee of five dollars; (e) For entry of each memorial on the register of titles, including the filing of all instruments and papers connected therewith, and endorsements upon duplicate certificates, ten dollars; (f) For issuing each additional owner's duplicate certificate, mortgagee's duplicate certificate, or lessee's duplicate certificate, ten dollars; (g) For filing copy of will with letters testamentary, or filing copy of letters of administration and entering memorial thereof, ten dollars; (h) For the cancellation of each memorial or charge, ten dollars; (i) For each certificate showing condition of the register of titles, twenty dollars; (j) For any certified copy of any instrument or writing on file in his office, the same fees now allowed by law to county clerk and recorders for like service; (k) For any other service required or necessary to carry out this article, and not itemized in this section, such fee as the court determines and establishes. (2) One-half of all fees provided for in subsection (1) of this section shall be collected by the registrar and paid to the county treasurer of the county in which the fees are paid, to be used for the current expenses of the county. All the remaining fees provided for in subsection (1) of this section shall be collected by said registrar and applied the same as the other fees of his office; but his salary as county clerk and recorder, as provided by law, shall not be increased on account of the additional duties, or by reason of the allowance of additional fees provided for in this article; and the said registrar, as such, shall receive no salary.

C.R.S. § 38-36-199 Article liberally construed

38-36-199. Article liberally construed. (1) This article shall be construed liberally, so far as may be necessary for the purpose of carrying out its general intent, which is that any owner of land may register his title and bring his land under the provisions of this article, but no one is required to do so. (2) All laws and parts of laws, if any, necessarily in conflict with this article are repealed, but this article is not intended to interfere with the present system of recording, transferring, or dealing in any real estate, not brought under the provisions of this article.

C.R.S. § 38-36-201 Short title

38-36-201. Short title. The short title of this part 2 is "The Conclusion of the Torrens Title Registration Act".

C.R.S. § 38-36-202 Definitions

38-36-202. Definitions. As used in this part 2, unless the context otherwise requires: (1) "Adverse instrument" means any document, instrument, paper, or order that adversely affects, but does not convey, the fee title to registered land, and the validity of which is not dependent upon consent by an owner of the registered land or some person claiming by, through, or under that owner. (2) "Certificate of title" means a current certificate of title issued under part 1 of this article 36. (3) "Conveyance instrument" means any document, instrument, paper, or order that: (a) Conveys the fee title to registered land; or (b) Affects the title to registered land and the validity of which is dependent upon consent by an owner of the registered land or some person claiming by, through, or under that owner. (4) "Registered land" means real property and an interest in real property, the title to which has been registered under part 1 of this article 36. (5) "Registrar" means a clerk and recorder of a county who is a registrar of title in his or her respective county in accordance with section 38-36-109.

C.R.S. § 38-36-203 Registration - adverse instruments

38-36-203. Registration - adverse instruments. On and after August 9, 2017, and before January 1, 2020, the registrar shall only accept an adverse instrument for registration on registered land under part 1 of this article 36.

C.R.S. § 38-36-204 Registration - conveyance instruments - recording

38-36-204. Registration - conveyance instruments - recording. (1) On and after August 9, 2017, and before January 1, 2020, the registrar shall refuse to accept a conveyance instrument for registration under part 1 of this article 36. Instead of accepting the conveyance instrument for registration, the registrar shall record in the office of the county clerk and recorder under article 35 of this title 38: (a) Each certificate of title, with all notations, certifications, memorials, and endorsements thereon, to all lands affected by the conveyance instrument; and (b) The conveyance instrument, if the related recording fees have been paid. (2) In the absence of extenuating circumstances, the registrar shall record the certificate of title and conveyance instrument as set forth in subsection (1) of this section within three business days of receiving the conveyance instrument. Before recording the certificate of title, the registrar shall memorialize on the certificate any instruments, documents, papers, or orders that have been filed with the registrar and that have not yet been memorialized.

C.R.S. § 38-36-205 Certificate of title - recording - notice

38-36-205. Certificate of title - recording - notice. (1) On or before January 1, 2020, the registrar shall remove all the remaining registered land from registration by recording in the office of the county clerk and recorder under article 35 of this title 38 a certificate of title, with all notations, certifications, memorials, and endorsements thereon, for each parcel of registered land within the county. (2) (a) At least ninety days prior to recording a certificate of title under this section, a registrar shall mail a notice to each owner at the residence of the owner identified on the certificate of title or to the address for the owner in the records maintained by the county assessor. If there is no known address for the owner or if the notice is returned as undeliverable, the registrar shall place a legal notice that meets the requirements set forth in section 24-70-103 in a newspaper in the county where the property is located. (b) The registrar shall include the following information in the notice required under subsection (2)(a) of this section: (I) A description of the registered land; (II) The name of each owner of the registered land that is listed on the certificate of title; (III) The certificate of title number; (IV) A statement that the torrens title registration system is being repealed and that, on or before January 1, 2020, the registered land will be removed from the torrens title registration system and recorded with the clerk and recorder, but prior to the removal, the owner may remove the registered land under section 38-36-136; and (V) The address and telephone number for the registrar's office. (3) Before recording a certificate of title under this section, the registrar shall memorialize on the certificate any instruments, documents, papers, or orders that have been filed with the registrar and that have not yet been memorialized.

C.R.S. § 38-36-206 Recording fees - waived

38-36-206. Recording fees - waived. A registrar shall not charge any fees for recording a certificate of title under section 38-36-204 or 38-36-205.

C.R.S. § 38-36-207 New chain of record

38-36-207. New chain of record. (1) The recording of a certificate of title under section 38-36-204 or 38-36-205 removes the land described in the certificate from this article 36 with the same effect as withdrawal pursuant to section 38-36-136. After the recording, the recorded certificate of title constitutes a new chain of record title in the registered owner of any estate or interest as shown on the certificate, subject only to estates, mortgages, liens, charges, and interests as may be noted on the certificate, and free from all others except the following: (a) Any existing lease for a period not exceeding three years, when there is actual occupation of the premises under the lease; (b) All public highways embraced in the description of the land included in the certificates are deemed to be excluded from the certificate, and any subsisting right-of-way or other easement for ditches or water rights upon, over, or in respect to the land; (c) Any tax or special assessment for which a sale of the land has not been had at the date of the certificate of title; and (d) Liens, claims, or rights, if any, arising or existing under the constitution or laws of the United States, and which the statutes of this state cannot or do not require to appear of record in the office of the county clerk and recorder. (2) After a registrar records a certificate of title under section 38-36-204 or 38-36-205, title to lands is conveyed or encumbered in the same manner as title to unregistered lands. All instruments shown as memorials on the certificates of title so recorded have the same force and effect as if they were filed with the clerk and recorder at the time they were filed or were otherwise memorialized on the certificates. No instrument that was filed or recorded in any other public office before the recording as provided in this part 2, but that was not duly registered, is effective or constitutes public notice as to those lands as a result of the recording; except that the instrument may be recorded thereafter.

C.R.S. § 38-36-208 Effect of recording

38-36-208. Effect of recording. (1) Recording of a certificate of title under section 38-36-204 or 38-36-205 has no effect on any proceedings under the registry system where the question of title to the real property has been determined. All proceedings conducted in connection with the registering of title that relate to the settlement or determination of the title before the recording and all provisions of part 1 of this article 36 that relate to the status of the title, including section 38-36-137, have continuing force and effect with respect to the period of time that title remained under the registry system. (2) Any provision of part 1 of this article 36 that gives rise to a right of action for damages against the county treasurer has continuing force and effect with respect to the period of time that title remained under the registry system.

C.R.S. § 38-36-209 Rights

38-36-209. Rights. (1) Nothing contained in this act terminates, diminishes, or impairs any existing right in or pertaining to registered land, and that right may be asserted and enforced in the same manner, to the same extent, and subject to the same limitations as provided in part 1 of this article 36. The recording of a certificate of title under section 38-36-204 or 38-36-205 does not change the date from which a right to bring an action or proceeding first accrues under section 38-36-190 for a prior deprivation, loss, or damage. (2) If the owner of registered land is a vendor who holds after-acquired title in trust for a vendee as provided in section 38-30-104, the recording of a certificate of title under section 38-36-204 or 38-36-205 does not affect the rights of the vendee or the duties of the vendor under section 38-30-104.

C.R.S. § 38-36-210 Voluntary withdrawals

38-36-210. Voluntary withdrawals. At any time prior to registered land being recorded under section 38-36-204 or 38-36-205, an owner may withdraw the registered land from registration under the procedures set forth in section 38-36-136.

C.R.S. § 38-36-211 Maintenance of records

38-36-211. Maintenance of records. After recording a certificate of title under section 38-36-205 or 38-36-206, a registrar shall continue to preserve and maintain all records that have been received under this article 36.
Source: Open US Law by Vaquill AI (CC BY 4.0)URL: https://leg.colorado.gov/sites/default/files/images/olls/crs2024-title-38.docxFetched: 10/6/2026

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