CHAPTER 4. Witnesses [9400. - 9414.]

Cal. Government Code - GOV 4.

in effect

Cal. Government Code - GOV § 9400. Section 9400.

As used in this chapter, “committee” means a committee of either the Senate or Assembly, a joint committee of both houses, or, when any of the foregoing committees is authorized to create subcommittees, a subcommittee.

Cal. Government Code - GOV § 9401. Section 9401.

A subpoena requiring the attendance of any witness before the Senate, Assembly, or a committee may be issued by the President of the Senate, Speaker of the Assembly, or the chairman of any committee before whom the attendance of the witness is desired if permission has been secured from the Rules Committee of the respective house.

Cal. Government Code - GOV § 9402. Section 9402.

A subpoena is sufficient if it: (a) States whether the proceeding is before the Senate, Assembly, or a committee. (b) Is addressed to the witness. (c) Requires the attendance of the witness at a time and place certain. (d) Is signed by the President of the Senate, Speaker of the Assembly, or chairman of the committee before whom attendance of the witness is desired.

Cal. Government Code - GOV § 9403. Section 9403.

The service of a subpena may be made by any person over 18 years of age.

Cal. Government Code - GOV § 9404. Section 9404.

(a) The members of any committee may administer oaths to witnesses in any matter under examination. (b) Anyone authorized to administer oaths who is designated by the chairman of a committee may administer oaths to witnesses.

Cal. Government Code - GOV § 9405. Section 9405.

If any witness neglects or refuses to obey a subpena, or appearing, neglects or refuses to testify, or to produce upon reasonable notice any material and proper books, papers or documents in his possession or under his control, he has committed a contempt.

Cal. Government Code - GOV § 9406. Section 9406.

If the contempt is committed before the Senate or Assembly, the Senate or Assembly may commit him for contempt by resolution entered on the Senate or Assembly Journal, as the case may be.

Cal. Government Code - GOV § 9407. Section 9407.

If the contempt is committed before a committee during the session of the Legislature, the committee shall report the contempt to the Senate or Assembly, as the case may be, for such action as may be deemed necessary by the Senate or Assembly.

Cal. Government Code - GOV § 9408. Section 9408.

If the contempt is committed before a committee when the Legislature is not in session, the superior court in and for the county in which any inquiry, investigation, hearing or proceeding may be held by the committee may compel the attendance of the witness, the giving of testimony, and the production of books, papers, documents and accounts, as required by the subpena issued by the committee, on the filing by the committee of a petition to the court asking that the witness be so compelled.

Cal. Government Code - GOV § 9409. Section 9409.

Any witness neglecting or refusing to attend in obedience to subpena may be arrested by the Sergeant-at-Arms and brought before the Senate, Assembly or committee, as the case may be. The only warrant or authority necessary authorizing the arrest is a copy of a resolution of the Senate, the Assembly or committee signed by the President of the Senate, Speaker of the Assembly or chairman of the committee, as the case may be, and countersigned by the Secretary of the Senate, the Chief Clerk of the Assembly or a majority of the members of the committee, as the case may be.

Cal. Government Code - GOV § 9409.5. Section 9409.5.

No witness is privileged to refuse to testify to any fact, or to produce any paper, respecting which he or she shall be examined by the Senate, Assembly, or a committee, upon the ground that the testimony to the fact or the production of the paper may tend to disgrace the witness or otherwise render the witness infamous.

Cal. Government Code - GOV § 9410. Section 9410.

(a) If, in response to a question posed, or a command to produce documents or other materials issued, by the Senate, the Assembly, or a committee, a witness asserts his or her privilege against self-incrimination, and the person presiding over the proceeding directs the witness that, notwithstanding that assertion of privilege, he or she is required to answer the question or produce the documents or other materials, the witness may not refuse to testify or produce the documents or other materials on the basis of his or her privilege against self-incrimination. However, if a witness is compelled to testify or produce documents or other materials notwithstanding his or her assertion of the privilege against self-incrimination, as described in this subdivision, both of the following shall apply: (1) The witness may not be held to answer criminally or be subject criminally to any penalty or forfeiture for any fact or act touching upon either testimony that he or she was so compelled to provide, or documents or other materials that he or she was so compelled to produce. (2) Any testimony or documents or other materials that the witness is so compelled to provide shall not be competent evidence in any criminal proceeding against the witness except in a prosecution for perjury or contempt. (b) In the case of a subpoena that requires a witness to produce documents or other materials but does not require the witness to personally appear, the witness under subpoena may assert his or her privilege against self-incrimination only by communicating an assertion of the privilege to the President pro Tempore of the Senate, if the subpoena was issued by the Senate, the Speaker of the Assembly, if the subpoena was issued by the Assembly, or the chair of the committee, if the subpoena was issued by a committee. The Senate, the Assembly, or committee, as the case may be, may compel the witness to produce the documents or materials notwithstanding the privilege against self-incrimination as to those documents or other materials only by (1) issuing a subsequent subpoena calling for the witness to personally appear, (2) upon that appearance, asking the witness whether he or she continues to assert the privilege, and, if so, (3) directing the witness that, notwithstanding that assertion of privilege, he or she is required to produce the documents or other materials called for by the subpoena as to which that assertion of privilege was made. (c) Immunity is conferred upon a witness pursuant to this chapter only if the witness is compelled, as specified by this section, to testify or produce documents or other materials notwithstanding the assertion of the constitutional privilege against self-incrimination.

Cal. Government Code - GOV § 9411. Section 9411.

Every State department, office, board, commission or bureau, including The Regents of the University of California, shall discharge any person who commits a contempt before any committee. Such person shall receive no compensation from the State or any agency thereof for services rendered after the date of such refusal. No State department, office, board, commission or bureau, including The Regents of the University of California, shall ever employ or compensate for services any person who has at any time prior to the proposed employment or compensation committed a contempt before any committee. The committee shall read this section to the person so refusing, and shall certify the refusal to the State Personnel Board and to the State Controller. Upon receipt of such certificate, the State Personnel Board shall immediately notify every State department, office, board, commission or bureau, including The Regents of the University of California, by whom such person is or has at any time been employed.

Cal. Government Code - GOV § 9412. Section 9412.

Every person who, being summoned to attend as witness before the Senate, Assembly, or any committee, refuses or neglects, without lawful excuse, to attend pursuant to such summons, and every person who, being present before the Senate, Assembly, or any committee, wilfully refuses to be sworn, to answer any material and proper question, or to produce, upon reasonable notice, any material and proper books, papers, or documents in his possession or under his control is guilty of a misdemeanor. Every member of the Legislature convicted of a misdemeanor under this section, in addition to the punishment prescribed, forfeits his office and is forever disqualified from holding any office in the State.

Cal. Government Code - GOV § 9414. Section 9414.

(a) Any person who does any of the following is guilty of a misdemeanor: (1) Coerces or attempts to coerce any person not to appear as a witness before any committee. (2) Deprives, attempts to deprive, or threatens to deprive any other person, or requests any employer to deprive any employee, of lawful employment, when such deprivation, attempt, threat, or request is motivated by the fact that the other person or employee is, was, or may become a witness before a committee. (b) Any employer or person acting on behalf of an employer who, directly or indirectly, harasses any person employed by that employer, when the harassment is motivated by the fact that the employee is, was, or may be a witness before a committee, is guilty of a misdemeanor. (c) This section shall not be construed to prevent any employer from discharging an employee for cause nor shall it be construed to prevent a labor union or an agent thereof from requesting the dismissal of an employee when the request is motivated by a cause other than that specified herein.

Source: CA Legislative Counsel Bulk DataURL: https://downloads.leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/pubinfo_2025.zipFetched: 6/27/2026