USC Chapter 21

in effect

46 U.S.C. § 2101 General definitions

In this subtitle— (1) “associated equipment”—(A) means—(i) a system, accessory, component, or appurtenance of a recreational vessel; or (ii) a marine safety article intended for use on board a recreational vessel; but (B) with the exception of emergency locator beacons for recreational vessels operating beyond 3 nautical miles from the baselines from which the territorial sea of the United States is measured or beyond 3 nautical miles from the coastline of the Great Lakes, does not include radio equipment. (2) “Coast Guard” means the organization established and continued under section 101 of title 14. (3) “Commandant” means the Commandant of the Coast Guard. (4) “commercial service” includes any type of trade or business involving the transportation of goods or individuals, except service performed by a combatant vessel. (5) “consideration” means an economic benefit, inducement, right, or profit including pecuniary payment accruing to an individual, person, or entity, but not including a voluntary sharing of the actual expenses of the voyage, by monetary contribution or donation of fuel, food, beverage, or other supplies. (6) “crude oil” means a liquid hydrocarbon mixture occurring naturally in the earth, whether or not treated to render it suitable for transportation, and includes crude oil from which certain distillate fractions may have been removed, and crude oil to which certain distillate fractions may have been added. (7) “crude oil tanker” means a tanker engaged in the trade of carrying crude oil. (8) “dangerous drug” means a narcotic drug, a controlled substance, or a controlled substance analog (as defined in section 102 of the Comprehensive Drug Abuse Prevention and Control Act of 1970 (21 U.S.C. 802)). (9) “discharge”, when referring to a substance discharged from a vessel, includes spilling, leaking, pumping, pouring, emitting, emptying, or dumping, however caused. (10) “ferry” means a vessel that is used on a regular schedule—(A) to provide transportation only between places that are not more than 300 miles apart; and (B) to transport only—(i) passengers; or (ii) vehicles, or railroad cars, that are being used, or have been used, in transporting passengers or goods. (11) “fish” means finfish, mollusks, crustaceans, and all other forms of marine animal and plant life, except marine mammals and birds. (12) “fishing vessel” means a vessel that commercially engages in the catching, taking, or harvesting of fish or an activity that can reasonably be expected to result in the catching, taking, or harvesting of fish. (13) “fish processing vessel” means a vessel that commercially prepares fish or fish products other than by gutting, decapitating, gilling, skinning, shucking, icing, freezing, or brine chilling. (14) “fish tender vessel” means a vessel that commercially supplies, stores, refrigerates, or transports fish, fish products, or materials directly related to fishing or the preparation of fish to or from a fishing, fish processing, or fish tender vessel or a fish processing facility. (15) “freight vessel” means a motor vessel of more than 15 gross tons as measured under section 14502 of this title, or an alternate tonnage measured under section 14302 of this title as prescribed by the Secretary under section 14104 of this title that carries freight for hire, except an oceanographic research vessel or an offshore supply vessel. (16) “Great Lakes barge” means a non-self-propelled vessel of at least 3,500 gross tons as measured under section 14502 of this title, or an alternate tonnage measured under section 14302 of this title as prescribed by the Secretary under section 14104 of this title operating on the Great Lakes. (17) “hazardous material” means a liquid material or substance that is—(A) flammable or combustible; (B) designated a hazardous substance under section 311(b) of the Federal Water Pollution Control Act (33 U.S.C. 1321); or (C) designated a hazardous material under section 5103(a) of title 49. (18) “major conversion” means a conversion of a vessel that—(A) substantially changes the dimensions or carrying capacity of the vessel; (B) changes the type of the vessel; (C) substantially prolongs the life of the vessel; or (D) otherwise so changes the vessel that it is essentially a new vessel, as decided by the Secretary. (19) “marine environment” means—(A) the navigable waters of the United States and the land and resources in and under those waters; (B) the waters and fishery resources of an area over which the United States asserts exclusive fishery management authority; (C) the seabed and subsoil of the outer Continental Shelf of the United States, the resources of the Shelf, and the waters superjacent to the Shelf; and (D) the recreational, economic, and scenic values of the waters and resources referred to in subclauses (A)–(C) of this clause. (20) “merchant mariner credential” means a merchant mariner license, certificate, or document that the Secretary is authorized to issue pursuant to this title. (21) “mobile offshore drilling unit” means a vessel capable of engaging in drilling operations for the exploration or exploitation of subsea resources. (22) “motor vessel” means a vessel propelled by machinery other than steam. (23) “nautical school program” means a program that—(A) offers a comprehensive program of training that includes substantial sea service on nautical school vessels or merchant vessels of the United States primarily to train individuals for service in the merchant marine; and (B) is approved by the Secretary for purposes of section 7315, in accordance with regulations promulgated by the Secretary. (24) “nautical school vessel” means a vessel operated by or in connection with a nautical school or an educational institution under section 558 of title 40. (25) “navigable waters of the United States” includes all waters of the territorial sea of the United States as described in Presidential Proclamation No. 5928 of December 27, 1988. (26) “oceanographic research vessel” means a vessel that the Secretary finds is being employed only in instruction in oceanography or limnology, or both, or only in oceanographic or limnological research, including studies about the sea such as seismic, gravity meter, and magnetic exploration and other marine geophysical or geological surveys, atmospheric research, and biological research. (27) “offshore supply vessel” means a motor vessel that regularly carries goods, supplies, individuals in addition to the crew, or equipment in support of exploration, exploitation, or production of offshore mineral or energy resources. (28) “oil” includes oil of any type or in any form, including petroleum, fuel oil, sludge, oil refuse, and oil mixed with wastes except dredged spoil. (29) “oil spill response vessel” means a vessel that is designated in its certificate of inspection as such a vessel, or that is adapted to respond to a discharge of oil or a hazardous material. (30) “overall in length” means—(A) for a foreign vessel or a vessel engaged on a foreign voyage, the greater of—(i) 96 percent of the length on a waterline at 85 percent of the least molded depth measured from the top of the keel (or on a vessel designed with a rake of keel, on a waterline parallel to the designed waterline); or (ii) the length from the fore side of the stem to the axis of the rudder stock on that waterline; and (B) for any other vessel, the horizontal distance of the hull between the foremost part of the stem and the aftermost part of the stern, excluding fittings and attachments. (31) “passenger”—(A) means an individual carried on the vessel except—(i) the owner or an individual representative of the owner or, in the case of a vessel under charter, an individual charterer or individual representative of the charterer; (ii) the master; or (iii) a member of the crew engaged in the business of the vessel who has not contributed consideration for carriage and who is paid for on board services; (B) on an offshore supply vessel, means an individual carried on the vessel except—(i) an individual included in clause (i), (ii), or (iii) of subparagraph (A) of this paragraph; (ii) an employee of the owner, or of a subcontractor to the owner, engaged in the business of the owner; (iii) an employee of the charterer, or of a subcontractor to the charterer, engaged in the business of the charterer; or (iv) an individual employed in a phase of exploration, exploitation, or production of offshore mineral or energy resources served by the vessel; (C) on a fishing vessel, fish processing vessel, or fish tender vessel, means an individual carried on the vessel except—(i) an individual included in clause (i), (ii), or (iii) of subparagraph (A) of this paragraph; (ii) a managing operator; (iii) an employee of the owner, or of a subcontractor to the owner, engaged in the business of the owner; (iv) an employee of the charterer, or of a subcontractor to the charterer, engaged in the business of the charterer; or (v) an observer or sea sampler on board the vessel pursuant to a requirement of State or Federal law; or (D) on a sailing school vessel, means an individual carried on the vessel except—(i) an individual included in clause (i), (ii), or (iii) of subparagraph (A) of this paragraph; (ii) an employee of the owner of the vessel engaged in the business of the owner, except when the vessel is operating under a demise charter; (iii) an employee of the demise charterer of the vessel engaged in the business of the demise charterer; or (iv) a sailing school instructor or sailing school student. (32) “passenger for hire” means a passenger for whom consideration is contributed as a condition of carriage on the vessel, whether directly or indirectly flowing to the owner, charterer, operator, agent, or any other person having an interest in the vessel. (33) “passenger vessel” means a vessel of at least 100 gross tons as measured under section 14502 of this title, or an alternate tonnage measured under section 14302 of this title as prescribed by the Secretary under section 14104 of this title—(A) carrying more than 12 passengers, including at least one passenger for hire; (B) that is chartered and carrying more than 12 passengers; (C) that is a submersible vessel carrying at least one passenger for hire; or (D) that is a ferry carrying a passenger. (34) “product carrier” means a tanker engaged in the trade of carrying oil except crude oil. (35) “public vessel” means a vessel that—(A) is owned, or demise chartered, and operated by the United States Government or a government of a foreign country; and (B) is not engaged in commercial service. (36) “recreational vessel” means a vessel—(A) being manufactured or operated primarily for pleasure; or (B) leased, rented, or chartered to another for the latter’s pleasure. (37) “recreational vessel manufacturer” means a person engaged in the manufacturing, construction, assembly, or importation of recreational vessels, components, or associated equipment. (38) “riding gang member” means an individual who—(A) has not been issued a merchant mariner document under chapter 73; (B) does not perform—(i) watchstanding, automated engine room duty watch, or personnel safety functions; or (ii) cargo handling functions, including any activity relating to the loading or unloading of cargo, the operation of cargo-related equipment (whether or not integral to the vessel), and the handling of mooring lines on the dock when the vessel is made fast or let go; (C) does not serve as part of the crew complement required under section 8101; (D) is not a member of the steward’s department; and (E) is not a citizen or temporary or permanent resident of a country designated by the United States as a sponsor of terrorism or any other country that the Secretary, in consultation with the Secretary of State and the heads of other appropriate United States agencies, determines to be a security threat to the United States. (39) “sailing instruction” means teaching, research, and practical experience in operating vessels propelled primarily by sail and may include—(A) any subject related to that operation and to the sea, including seamanship, navigation, oceanography, other nautical and marine sciences, and maritime history and literature; and (B) only when in conjunction with a subject referred to in subclause (A) of this clause, instruction in mathematics and language arts skills to sailing school students having learning disabilities. (40) “sailing school instructor” means an individual who is on board a sailing school vessel to provide sailing instruction, but does not include an operator or crewmember who is among those required to be on board the vessel to meet a requirement established under part F of this subtitle. (41) “sailing school student” means an individual who is on board a sailing school vessel to receive sailing instruction. (42) “sailing school vessel” means a vessel—(A) that is less than 500 gross tons as measured under section 14502 of this title, or an alternate tonnage measured under section 14302 of this title as prescribed by the Secretary under section 14104 of this title; (B) carrying more than 6 individuals who are sailing school instructors or sailing school students; (C) principally equipped for propulsion by sail, even if the vessel has an auxiliary means of propulsion; and (D) owned or demise chartered, and operated by an organization described in section 501(c)(3) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 (26 U.S.C. 501(c)(3)) and exempt from tax under section 501(a) of that Code, or by a State or political subdivision of a State, during times that the vessel is operated by the organization, State, or political subdivision only for sailing instruction. (43)(A) Subject to subparagraph (B), “scientific personnel” means individuals on board an oceanographic research vessel only to engage in scientific research, or to instruct or receive instruction in oceanography or limnology. (B)(i) Such term includes an individual who is on board an oceanographic research vessel only to—(I) engage in scientific research; (II) instruct in oceanography or limnology; or (III) receive instruction in oceanography or limnology. (ii) For purposes of clause (i), the age of an individual may not be considered in determining whether the individual is described in such clause. (44) “seagoing barge” means a non-self-propelled vessel of at least 100 gross tons as measured under section 14502 of this title, or an alternate tonnage measured under section 14302 of this title as prescribed by the Secretary under section 14104 of this title making voyages beyond the Boundary Line. (45) “seagoing motor vessel” means a motor vessel of at least 300 gross tons as measured under section 14502 of this title, or an alternate tonnage measured under section 14302 of this title as prescribed by the Secretary under section 14104 of this title making voyages beyond the Boundary Line. (46) “Secretary” means the Secretary of the department in which the Coast Guard is operating. (47) “sexual assault” means any form of abuse or contact as defined in chapter 109A of title 18, or a substantially similar offense under State, local, or Tribal law. (48) “sexual harassment” means—(A) conduct that—(i) involves unwelcome sexual advances, requests for sexual favors, or deliberate or repeated offensive comments or gestures of a sexual nature if any—(I) submission to such conduct is made either explicitly or implicitly a term or condition of employment, pay, career, benefits, or entitlements of the individual; (II) submission to, or rejection, of such conduct by an individual is used as a basis for decisions affecting that individual’s job, pay, career, benefits, or entitlements; (III) such conduct has the purpose or effect of unreasonably interfering with an individual’s work performance or creates an intimidating, hostile, or offensive work environment; or (IV) conduct may have been by an individual’s supervisor, a supervisor in another area, a co-worker, or another credentialed mariner; and (ii) is so severe or pervasive that a reasonable person would perceive, and the victim does perceive, the environment as hostile or offensive; (B) any use or condonation associated with first-hand or personal knowledge, by any individual in a supervisory or command position, of any form of sexual behavior to control, influence, or affect the career, pay, benefits, entitlements, or employment of a subordinate; or (C) any intentional or repeated unwelcome verbal comment or gesture of a sexual nature towards or about an individual by the individual’s supervisor, a supervisor in another area, a coworker, or another credentialed mariner. (49) “small passenger vessel” means a wing-in-ground craft, regardless of tonnage, carrying at least one passenger for hire, and a vessel of less than 100 gross tons as measured under section 14502 of this title, or an alternate tonnage measured under section 14302 of this title as prescribed by the Secretary under section 14104 of this title—(A) carrying more than 6 passengers, including at least one passenger for hire; (B) that is chartered with the crew provided or specified by the owner or the owner’s representative and carrying more than 6 passengers; (C) that is chartered with no crew provided or specified by the owner or the owner’s representative and carrying more than 12 passengers; (D) that is a submersible vessel carrying at least one passenger for hire; or (E) that is a ferry carrying more than 6 passengers. (50) “steam vessel” means a vessel propelled in whole or in part by steam, except a recreational vessel of not more than 40 feet in length. (51) “submersible vessel” means a vessel that is capable of operating below the surface of the water. (52) “tanker” means a self-propelled tank vessel constructed or adapted primarily to carry oil or hazardous material in bulk in the cargo spaces. (53) “tank vessel” means a vessel that is constructed or adapted to carry, or that carries, oil or hazardous material in bulk as cargo or cargo residue, and that—(A) is a vessel of the United States; (B) operates on the navigable waters of the United States; or (C) transfers oil or hazardous material in a port or place subject to the jurisdiction of the United States. (54) “towing vessel” means a commercial vessel engaged in or intending to engage in the service of pulling, pushing, or hauling along side, or any combination of pulling, pushing, or hauling along side. (55) “uninspected passenger vessel” means an uninspected vessel—(A) of at least 100 gross tons as measured under section 14502 of this title, or an alternate tonnage measured under section 14302 of this title as prescribed by the Secretary under section 14104 of this title—(i) carrying not more than 12 passengers, including at least one passenger for hire; or (ii) that is chartered with the crew provided or specified by the owner or the owner’s representative and carrying not more than 12 passengers; and (B) of less than 100 gross tons as measured under section 14502 of this title, or an alternate tonnage measured under section 14302 of this title as prescribed by the Secretary under section 14104 of this title—(i) carrying not more than 6 passengers, including at least one passenger for hire; or (ii) that is chartered with the crew provided or specified by the owner or the owner’s representative and carrying not more than 6 passengers. (56) “uninspected vessel” means a vessel not subject to inspection under section 3301 of this title that is not a recreational vessel. (57) “vessel of war” means a vessel—(A) belonging to the armed forces of a country; (B) bearing the external marks distinguishing vessels of war of that country; (C) under the command of an officer commissioned by the government of that country and whose name appears in the appropriate service list or its equivalent; and (D) staffed by a crew under regular armed forces discipline. (58) “wing-in-ground craft” means a vessel that is capable of operating completely above the surface of the water on a dynamic air cushion created by aerodynamic lift due to the ground effect between the vessel and the water’s surface.

46 U.S.C. § 2102 Limited definitions

In chapters 33, 45, 51, 81, and 87 of this title, “Aleutian trade” means the transportation of cargo (including fishery related products) for hire on board a fish tender vessel to or from a place in Alaska west of 153 degrees west longitude and east of 172 degrees east longitude, if that place receives weekly common carrier service by water, to or from a place in the United States (except a place in Alaska).

46 U.S.C. § 2103 Superintendence of the merchant marine

The Secretary has general superintendence over the merchant marine of the United States and of merchant marine personnel insofar as the enforcement of this subtitle is concerned and insofar as those vessels and personnel are not subject, under other law, to the supervision of another official of the United States Government. In the interests of marine safety and seamen’s welfare, the Secretary shall enforce this subtitle and shall carry out correctly and uniformly administer this subtitle. The Secretary may prescribe regulations to carry out the provisions of this subtitle.

46 U.S.C. § 2104 Delegation

(a) The Secretary may delegate the duties and powers conferred by this subtitle to any officer, employee, or member of the Coast Guard, and may provide for the subdelegation of those duties and powers. (b) When this subtitle authorizes an officer or employee of the Customs Service to act in place of a Coast Guard official, the Secretary may designate that officer or employee subject to the approval of the Secretary of the Treasury.

46 U.S.C. § 2105 Report

The Secretary shall provide for the investigation of the operation of this subtitle and of all laws related to marine safety, and shall require that a report be made to the Secretary annually about those matters that may require improvement or amendment.

46 U.S.C. § 2106 Liability in rem

When a vessel is made liable in rem under this subtitle, the vessel may be libeled and proceeded against in the district court of the United States for any district in which the vessel is found.

46 U.S.C. § 2107 Civil penalty procedures

(a) After notice and an opportunity for a hearing, a person found by the Secretary to have violated this subtitle or subtitle VII or a regulation prescribed under this subtitle or subtitle VII for which a civil penalty is provided, is liable to the United States Government for the civil penalty provided. The amount of the civil penalty shall be assessed by the Secretary by written notice. In determining the amount of the penalty, the Secretary shall consider the nature, circumstances, extent, and gravity of the prohibited acts committed and, with respect to the violator, the degree of culpability, any history of prior offenses, ability to pay, and other matters that justice requires. (b) The Secretary may compromise, modify, or remit, with or without consideration, a civil penalty under this subtitle or subtitle VII until the assessment is referred to the Attorney General. (c) If a person fails to pay an assessment of a civil penalty after it has become final, the Secretary may refer the matter to the Attorney General for collection in an appropriate district court of the United States.

46 U.S.C. § 2109 Public vessels

Except as otherwise provided, this subtitle does not apply to a public vessel of the United States. However, this subtitle does apply to a vessel (except a Great Lakes St. Lawrence Seaway Development Corporation vessel) owned or operated by the Department of Transportation or by any corporation organized or controlled by the Department.

46 U.S.C. § 2110 Fees

(a)(1) Except as otherwise provided in this title, the Secretary shall establish a fee or charge for a service or thing of value provided by the Secretary under this subtitle, in accordance with section 9701 of title 31. (2) The Secretary may not establish a fee or charge under paragraph (1) for inspection or examination of a non-self-propelled tank vessel under part B of this subtitle that is more than $500 annually. The Secretary may not establish a fee or charge under paragraph (1) for inspection or examination of a small passenger vessel under this title that is more than $300 annually for such vessels under 65 feet in length, or more than $600 annually for such vessels 65 feet in length and greater. The Secretary may not establish a fee or charge under paragraph (1) for inspection or examination under this title for any publicly-owned ferry. (3) The Secretary may, by regulation, adjust a fee or charge collected under this subsection to accommodate changes in the cost of providing a specific service or thing of value, but the adjusted fee or charge may not exceed the total cost of providing the service or thing of value for which the fee or charge is collected, including the cost of collecting the fee or charge. (4) The Secretary may not collect a fee or charge under this subsection that is in conflict with the international obligations of the United States. (5) The Secretary may not collect a fee or charge under this subsection for any search or rescue service. (b)(1) In addition to the collection of fees and charges established under subsection (a), in providing a service or thing of value under this subtitle the Secretary may accept in-kind transportation, travel, and subsistence. (2) The value of in-kind transportation, travel, and subsistence accepted under this paragraph may not exceed applicable per diem rates set forth in regulations prescribed under section 464 of title 37. (c) In addition to the collection of fees and charges established under subsection (a), the Secretary may recover appropriate collection and enforcement costs associated with delinquent payments of the fees and charges. (d)(1) The Secretary may employ any Federal, State, or local agency or instrumentality, or any private enterprise or business, to collect a fee or charge established under this section. A private enterprise or business selected by the Secretary to collect fees or charges—(A) shall be subject to reasonable terms and conditions agreed to by the Secretary and the enterprise or business; (B) shall provide appropriate accounting to the Secretary; and (C) may not institute litigation as part of that collection. (2) A Federal agency shall account for the agency’s costs of collecting the fee or charge under this subsection as a reimbursable expense, and the costs shall be credited to the account from which expended. (e) A person that violates this section by failing to pay a fee or charge established under this section is liable to the United States Government for a civil penalty of not more than $5,000 for each violation. (f) When requested by the Secretary, the Secretary of Homeland Security shall deny the clearance required by section 60105 of this title to a vessel for which a fee or charge established under this section has not been paid until the fee or charge is paid or until a bond is posted for the payment. (g) The Secretary may exempt a person from paying a fee or charge established under this section if the Secretary determines that it is in the public interest to do so. (h) Fees and charges collected by the Secretary under this section shall be deposited in the general fund of the Treasury as offsetting receipts of the department in which the Coast Guard is operating and ascribed to Coast Guard activities. (i) The collection of a fee or charge under this section does not alter or expand the functions, powers, responsibilities, or liability of the United States under any law for the performance of services or the provision of a thing of value for which a fee or charge is collected under this section. (j) The Secretary may not establish or collect a fee or charge for the inspection under part B of this subtitle of training vessels operated by State maritime academies.

46 U.S.C. § 2111 Pay for overtime services

(a) The Secretary may prescribe a reasonable rate of extra pay for overtime services of civilian officers and employees of the Coast Guard required to remain on duty between 5 p.m. and 8 a.m., or on Sundays or holidays, to perform services related to—(1) the inspection of vessels or their equipment; (2) the engagement and discharge of crews of vessels; (3) the measurement of vessels; and (4) the documentation of vessels. (b) Except for Sundays and holidays, the overtime rate provided under subsection (a) of this section is one-half day’s additional pay for each 2 hours of overtime (or part of 2 hours of at least one hour). The total extra pay may be not more than 2 and one-half days’ pay for any one period from 5 p.m. to 8 a.m. (c) The overtime rate provided under subsection (a) of this section for Sundays and holidays is 2 additional days’ pay. (d) The owner, charterer, managing operator, agent, master, or individual in charge of the vessel shall pay the amount of the overtime pay provided under this section to the official designated by regulation. The official shall deposit the amount paid to the Treasury as miscellaneous receipts. Payment to the officer or employee entitled to the pay shall be made from the annual appropriations for salaries and expenses of the Coast Guard. (e) The overtime pay provided under this section shall be paid if the authorized officers and employees have been ordered to report for duty and have reported, even if services requested were not performed.

46 U.S.C. § 2112 Authority to change working hours

In a port at which the customary working hours begin before 8 a.m. or end after 5 p.m., the Secretary may regulate the working hours of the officers and employees referred to in section 2111 of this title so that those hours conform to the prevailing working hours of the port. However— (1) the total period for which overtime pay may be required under section 2111 of this title may not be more than 15 hours between any 2 periods of ordinary working hours on other than Sundays and holidays; (2) the length of the working day for the officers and employees involved may not be changed; and (3) the rate of overtime pay may not be changed.

46 U.S.C. § 2113 Authority to exempt certain vessels

If the Secretary decides that the application of a provision of part B, C, F, or G of this subtitle is not necessary in performing the mission of the vessel engaged in excursions or an oceanographic research vessel, or not necessary for the safe operation of certain vessels carrying passengers, the Secretary by regulation may— (1) for a vessel, issue a special permit specifying the conditions of operation and equipment; (2) exempt an oceanographic research vessel from that provision under conditions the Secretary may specify; (3) establish different operating and equipment requirements for vessels defined in section 2101(55)(A) of this title; and (4) maintain different structural fire protection, manning, operating, and equipment requirements for vessels that satisfied requirements set forth in the Passenger Vessel Safety Act of 1993 (Public Law 103–206) before June 21, 1994.

46 U.S.C. § 2114 Protection of seamen against discrimination

(a)(1) A person may not discharge or in any manner discriminate against a seaman because—(A) the seaman in good faith has reported or is about to report to the Coast Guard or other appropriate Federal agency or department that the seaman believes that a violation of a maritime safety law or regulation prescribed under that law or regulation has occurred; (B) the seaman in good faith has reported or is about to report to the vessel owner, Coast Guard or other appropriate Federal agency or department sexual harassment or sexual assault against the seaman or knowledge of sexual harassment or sexual assault against another seaman; (C) the seaman has refused to perform duties ordered by the seaman’s employer because the seaman has a reasonable apprehension or expectation that performing such duties would result in serious injury to the seaman, other seamen, or the public; (D) the seaman testified in a proceeding brought to enforce a maritime safety law or regulation prescribed under that law; (E) the seaman notified, or attempted to notify, the vessel owner or the Secretary of a work-related personal injury or work-related illness of a seaman; (F) the seaman cooperated with a safety investigation by the Secretary or the National Transportation Safety Board; (G) the seaman furnished information to the Secretary, the National Transportation Safety Board, or any other public official as to the facts relating to any marine casualty resulting in injury or death to an individual or damage to property occurring in connection with vessel transportation; or (H) the seaman accurately reported hours of duty under this part. (2) The circumstances causing a seaman’s apprehension of serious injury under paragraph (1)(C) must be of such a nature that a reasonable person, under similar circumstances, would conclude that there is a real danger of an injury or serious impairment of health resulting from the performance of duties as ordered by the seaman’s employer. (3) To qualify for protection against the seaman’s employer under paragraph (1)(C), the employee must have sought from the employer, and been unable to obtain, correction of the unsafe condition. (b) A seaman alleging discharge or discrimination in violation of subsection (a) of this section, or another person at the seaman’s request, may file a complaint with respect to such allegation in the same manner as a complaint may be filed under subsection (b) of section 31105 of title 49. Such complaint shall be subject to the procedures, requirements, and rights described in that section, including with respect to the right to file an objection, the right of a person to file for a petition for review under subsection (c) of that section, and the requirement to bring a civil action under subsection (d) of that section.

46 U.S.C. § 2115 Civil penalty to enforce alcohol and dangerous drug testing

Any person who fails to implement or conduct, or who otherwise fails to comply with the requirements prescribed by the Secretary for, chemical testing for dangerous drugs or for evidence of alcohol use, as prescribed under this subtitle or a regulation prescribed by the Secretary to carry out the provisions of this subtitle, is liable to the United States Government for a civil penalty of not more than $5,000 for each violation. Each day of a continuing violation shall constitute a separate violation.

46 U.S.C. § 2116 Marine safety strategy, goals, and performance assessments

(a) Long-Term Strategy and Goals.—In conjunction with existing federally required strategic planning efforts, the Secretary shall develop a long-term strategy for improving vessel safety and the safety of individuals on vessels. The 5-year strategy shall include the issuance of a plan and schedule for achieving the following goals:(1) Reducing the number and rates of marine casualties. (2) Improving the consistency and effectiveness of vessel and operator enforcement and compliance programs. (3) Identifying and targeting enforcement efforts at high-risk vessels and operators. (4) Improving research efforts to enhance and promote vessel and operator safety and performance. (b) 5-Year Strategy and Plan.—(1) Measurable goals.—The 5-year strategy and plan shall include specific numeric or measurable goals designed to achieve the goals set forth in subsection (a). The purposes of the numeric or measurable goals are the following:(A) To increase the number of safety examinations on all high-risk vessels. (B) To eliminate the backlog of marine safety-related rulemakings. (C) To improve the quality and effectiveness of marine safety information databases by ensuring that all Coast Guard personnel accurately and effectively report all safety, casualty, and injury information. (D) To provide for a sufficient number of Coast Guard marine safety personnel, and provide adequate facilities and equipment to carry out the functions referred to in section 504(c) of title 14. (2) Resource needs.—The 5-year strategy and plan shall include estimates of—(A) the funds and staff resources needed to accomplish each activity included in the strategy and plan; and (B) the staff skills and training needed for timely and effective accomplishment of each goal. (c) Submission With the President’s Budget.—Not later than 5 years after the date of the enactment of the Elijah E. Cummings Coast Guard Authorization Act of 2020, and every 5 years thereafter, the Secretary shall submit to Congress the strategy and plan not later than 60 days following the transmission of the President’s budget submission under section 1105 of title 31. (d) Achievement of Goals.—(1) Progress assessment.—In conjunction with the submission of the 5-year strategy and plan, the Commandant shall assess the progress of the Coast Guard toward achieving the goals set forth in subsection (b). The Commandant shall convey the Commandant’s assessment to the employees of the marine safety workforce and shall identify any deficiencies that should be remedied before the next progress assessment. (2) Periodic briefings.—The Secretary shall periodically brief the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation of the Senate and the Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure of the House of Representatives—(A) on the performance of the marine safety program in achieving the goals of the marine safety strategy and plan under subsection (a) for the period covered by the briefing; (B) on the program’s mission performance in achieving numerical measurable goals established under subsection (b), including—(i) the number of civilian and military Coast Guard personnel assigned to marine safety positions; and (ii) an identification of marine safety positions that are understaffed to meet the workload required to accomplish each activity included in the strategy and plan under subsection (a); and (C) recommendations on how to improve performance of the program.

46 U.S.C. § 2117 Termination for unsafe operation

An individual authorized to enforce this title— (1) may remove a certificate required by this title from a vessel that is operating in a condition that does not comply with the provisions of the certificate; (2) may order the individual in charge of a vessel that is operating that does not have on board the certificate required by this title to return the vessel to a mooring and to remain there until the vessel is in compliance with this title; and (3) may direct the individual in charge of a vessel to which this title applies to immediately take reasonable steps necessary for the safety of individuals on board the vessel if the official observes the vessel being operated in an unsafe condition that the official believes creates an especially hazardous condition, including ordering the individual in charge to return the vessel to a mooring and to remain there until the situation creating the hazard is corrected or ended.

46 U.S.C. § 2118 Establishment of equipment standards

(a) In establishing standards for approved equipment required on vessels subject to part B of this subtitle, the Secretary shall establish standards that are—(1) based on performance using the best available technology that is economically achievable; and (2) operationally practical. (b) Using the standards established under subsection (a), the Secretary may also certify lifesaving equipment that is not required to be carried on vessels subject to part B of this subtitle to ensure that such equipment is suitable for its intended purpose. (c) At least once every 10 years the Secretary shall review and revise the standards established under subsection (a) to ensure that the standards meet the requirements of this section.