12.1-17-07.2. Distribution of intimate images without or against consent - Penalty
1. As used in this section:
a. "Distribute" means selling, exhibiting, displaying, wholesaling, retailing, providing,
giving, granting admission to, providing access to, or otherwise transferring or
presenting an image to another individual, with or without consideration.
b. "Hosting company" means a person that provides services or facilities for storing
or distributing content over the internet without editorial or creative alteration of
the content.
c. "Intimate image" means any visual depiction, photograph, film, video, recording,
picture, or computer or computer-generated image or picture, whether made or
produced by electronic, mechanical, or other means, that depicts:
(1) Exposed human male or female genitals or pubic area, with less than an
opaque covering;
(2) A female breast with less than an opaque covering, or any portion of the
female breast below the top of the areola; or
(3) The individual engaged in any sexually explicit conduct.
d. "Service provider" means an internet service provider, including a person who
leases or rents a wire or cable for the transmission of data.
e. "Sexually explicit conduct" means actual or simulated:
(1) Sexual intercourse, including genital-genital, oral-genital, anal-genital, or
oral-anal, whether between persons of the same or opposite sex;
(2) Masturbation;
(3) Bestiality;
(4) Sadistic or masochistic activities;
(5) Exhibition of the genitals, pubic region, buttocks, or female breast of any
individual;
(6) Visual depiction of nudity or partial nudity;
(7) Fondling or touching of the genitals, pubic region, buttocks, or female
breast; or
(8) Explicit representation of the defecation or urination functions.
f. "Simulated sexually explicit conduct" means a feigned or pretended act of
sexually explicit conduct that duplicates, within the perception of an average
person, the appearance of an actual act of sexually explicit conduct.
2. A person commits the offense of distribution of intimate images if the person knowingly
or intentionally distributes to any third party any intimate image of an individual, if:
a. The person knows that the depicted individual has not given consent to the
person to distribute the intimate image;
b. The intimate image was created by or provided to the person under
circumstances in which the individual has a reasonable expectation of privacy;
and
c. Actual emotional distress or harm is caused to the individual as a result of the
distribution under this section.
3. This section does not apply to:
a. Lawful practices of law enforcement agencies;
b. Prosecutorial agency functions;
c. The reporting of a criminal offense;
d. Court proceedings or any other judicial proceeding;
e. Lawful and generally accepted medical practices and procedures;
f. An intimate image if the individual portrayed in the image voluntarily allows public
exposure of the image; or
g. An intimate image that is portrayed in a lawful commercial setting.
4. This section also does not apply to:
a. An internet service provider or interactive computer service, as defined in
47 U.S.C. 230(f)(2);
b. A provider of an electronic communications service, as defined in 18 U.S.C. 2510;
c. A telecommunications service, information service, or mobile service, as defined
in 47 U.S.C. 153, including a commercial mobile service, as defined in
47 U.S.C. 332(d);
d. A cable operator, as defined in 47 U.S.C. 552, if:
(1) The distribution of an intimate image by the cable operator occurs only
incidentally through the operator's function of:
(a) Transmitting or routing data from one person to another person; or
(b) Providing a connection between one person and another person;
(2) The operator does not intentionally aid or abet in the distribution of the
intimate image; and
(3) The operator does not knowingly receive from or through a person who
distributes the intimate image a fee greater than the fee generally charged
by the operator, as a specific condition for permitting the person to distribute
the intimate image; or
e. A hosting company, if:
(1) The distribution of an intimate image by the hosting company occurs only
incidentally through the hosting company's function of providing data
storage space or data caching to a person;
(2) The hosting company does not intentionally engage, aid, or abet in the
distribution of the intimate image; and
(3) The hosting company does not knowingly receive from or through a person
who distributes the intimate image a fee greater than the fee generally
charged by the provider, as a specific condition for permitting the person to
distribute, store, or cache the intimate image.
5. Distribution of an intimate image is a class A misdemeanor.
