Chiropractors

C.R.S. tit. 12, art. 215
in effect

C.R.S. § 12-215-101 Legislative declaration - unlawful acts - license required

12-215-101. Legislative declaration - unlawful acts - license required. (1) It is hereby declared to be the policy of the general assembly of the state of Colorado that, in order to safeguard the life, health, and property and the public welfare of the people of this state and in order to protect the people of this state against unauthorized, unqualified, and improper practice of chiropractic, it is necessary that a proper regulatory authority be established and adequately provided for. (2) It is unlawful for any person to practice or to offer to practice chiropractic in the state of Colorado, or to use in connection with his or her name or business or otherwise to assume, use, or advertise any title or description that will or that reasonably might be expected to mislead the public into believing he or she is a doctor of chiropractic, unless the person has been duly licensed under the provisions of this article 215. Anyone who holds himself or herself out to the public as a doctor of chiropractic without qualifying for proper licensing under this article 215 and without submitting to the regulations provided in this article 215 endangers the public life, health, property, and welfare.

C.R.S. § 12-215-102 Applicability of common provisions

12-215-102. Applicability of common provisions. Articles 1, 20, and 30 of this title 12 apply, according to their terms, to this article 215.

C.R.S. § 12-215-103 Definitions

12-215-103. Definitions. As used in this article 215, unless the context otherwise requires: (1) "Acupuncture" means the puncture of the skin with fine needles for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes. (2) (a) "Animal chiropractic" means diagnosing and treating animal vertebral subluxation through chiropractic adjustment of the spine or extremity articulations of fully awake dogs and equids. The chiropractic adjustment may be performed only with the hands or with the use of a handheld low-force mechanical adjusting device functionally equivalent to the device known as an activator; all other equipment is prohibited. (b) "Animal chiropractic" does not include: (I) Performing veterinary medical care and diagnosis; (II) Performing surgery; (III) Dispensing or administering medications, dietary or nutritional supplements, herbs, essences, nutraceutical products, or anything else supplied orally, rectally, by inhalation, by injection, or topically except topically applied heat or cold; (IV) Generating radiographic images or performing imaging procedures, including thermography; (V) Performing acupuncture, or any treatment activity other than chiropractic adjustment; (VI) Providing magnetic or other nonmanual treatment techniques, colonics, colored-light therapy, homeopathy, radionics, or vitamin therapy; (VII) Venipuncture; (VIII) Making diagnoses by methods such as live cell analysis, pendulum divining, iridology, hair analysis, nutritional deficiency questionnaires, herbal crystallization analysis, or food allergy testing. (3) "Animal vertebral subluxation" means a lesion or dysfunction in a joint or motion segment in which alignment, movement integrity, or physiological function are altered, although contact between joint surfaces remains intact, that may influence biomechanical and neural integrity. Diagnosis of animal vertebral subluxation typically involves evaluation of gait and radiographs, and static and motion palpation techniques that are used to identify joint dysfunction. Diagnosis of animal vertebral subluxation does not include methods such as applied kinesiology, reflexology, pendulum divining, or thermography. (4) "Chiropractic" means that branch of the healing arts that is based on the premise that disease is attributable to the abnormal functioning of the human nervous system. It includes the diagnosing and analyzing of human ailments and seeks the elimination of the abnormal functioning of the human nervous system by the adjustment or manipulation, by hand or instrument, of the articulations and adjacent tissue of the human body, particularly the spinal column, and the use as indicated of procedures that facilitate the adjustment or manipulation and make it more effective and the use of sanitary, hygienic, nutritional, and physical remedial measures for the promotion, maintenance, and restoration of health, the prevention of disease, and the treatment of human ailments. "Chiropractic" includes the use of venipuncture for diagnostic purposes. "Chiropractic" does not include colonic irrigation therapy. "Chiropractic" includes treatment by acupuncture when performed by an appropriately trained chiropractor as determined by the Colorado state board of chiropractic examiners. Nothing in this section shall apply to persons using acupuncture not licensed by the board. (5) "Chiropractic adjustment" means the application, by hand, by a trained chiropractor who has fulfilled the educational and licensing requirements of this article 215, of adjustive force to correct subluxations, fixations, structural distortions, abnormal tensions, and disrelated structures, or to remove interference with the transmission of nerve force. The application of the dynamic adjustive thrust is designed and intended to produce and usually elicits audible and perceptible release of tensions and movement of tissues or anatomical parts for the purpose of removing or correcting interference to nerve transmission and expression. ions, abnormal tensions, and disrelated structures, or to remove interference with the transmission of nerve force. The application of the dynamic adjustive thrust is designed and intended to produce and usually elicits audible and perceptible release of tensions and movement of tissues or anatomical parts for the purpose of removing or correcting interference to nerve transmission and expression. (6) "Electrotherapy" means the application of any radiant or current energies of high or low frequency, alternating or direct, except surgical cauterization, electrocoagulation, the use of radium in any form, and X-ray therapy. (7) "Equid" means a hoofed mammal of the family equidae and includes donkeys, horses, mules, and zebras. (8) "Licensed veterinarian" has the same meaning as set forth in section 12-315-104 (11). (9) "Venipuncture" means the puncture of a vein for the withdrawal of blood for the purpose of diagnosis through blood analysis. Any blood analysis shall be done by a chiropractor or by a commercial laboratory. (10) "Veterinary medical clearance" means that a veterinarian licensed under article 315 of this title 12 has examined an animal patient, has provided a diagnosis or differential diagnosis if appropriate, and has provided written clearance, which may be transmitted electronically, for animal chiropractic. The veterinary medical clearance shall precede the commencement of animal chiropractic treatment and may contain limitations on the scope, date of initiation, and duration of chiropractic treatment. Once a veterinary medical clearance has been received, the chiropractor is responsible for developing the plan of care for the animal patient's animal chiropractic.

C.R.S. § 12-215-104 State board of chiropractic examiners - board meetings - election of officers - subject to review - repeal of article

12-215-104. State board of chiropractic examiners - board meetings - election of officers - subject to review - repeal of article. (1) There is hereby created a Colorado state board of chiropractic examiners, referred to in this article 215 as the "board", consisting of seven members, five of whom must have practiced chiropractic in the state of Colorado for five years before their appointment and two of whom shall be appointed from the public at large. The governor shall appoint members of the board for a term of four years. Any board member may be removed by the governor for misconduct, incompetence, or neglect of duty. No member shall serve more than two consecutive terms. (1.5) The Colorado state board of chiropractic examiners is a type 1 entity, as defined in section 24-1-105. (2) The board shall elect from the membership thereof a president, a vice-president, and a secretary-treasurer. The board shall meet at such times and at such places as the board deems necessary, but in no case less than annually. A majority of the board shall constitute a quorum. An annual election of officers shall occur. (3) This article 215 is repealed, effective September 1, 2029. Before the repeal, this article 215 is scheduled for review in accordance with section 24-34-104.

C.R.S. § 12-215-105 Board powers - limits on authority - publications - records - rules

12-215-105. Board powers - limits on authority - publications - records - rules. (1) The board is authorized to and shall: (a) Adopt and from time to time revise rules pursuant to section 12-20-204; (b) Examine, license, and renew licenses of duly qualified chiropractic applicants; (c) Approve or refuse to approve chiropractic schools and colleges; (d) Conduct hearings in accordance with section 12-20-403 upon complaints concerning the disciplining of chiropractors; (e) Cause the prosecution of and seek injunctions in accordance with section 12-20-406 against all persons violating this article 215; (f) Employ investigators; (g) Identify and proscribe, by rule, chiropractic practices that are untrue, deceptive, or misleading. (2) The board shall not adopt the code of ethics of any professional group or association by rule. (3) The authority granted the board under the provisions of this article 215 shall not be construed to authorize the board to arbitrate or adjudicate fee disputes between licensees or between a licensee and any other party. (4) Publications of the board circulated in quantity outside the executive branch shall be issued in accordance with the provisions of section 24-1-136. (5) The board shall keep a record of its proceedings and a register of all applications for licensing and all licensed chiropractors, such to be public records and prima facie evidence of the proceedings of the board set forth therein.

C.R.S. § 12-215-106 Licensure - minimum education requirements

12-215-106. Licensure - minimum education requirements. (1) A minimum educational requirement shall include a knowledge of the basic sciences and for original licensure shall include graduation from a high school or its educational equivalent and graduation from an approved chiropractic school or college that teaches a course of not less than four thousand resident classroom hours in a period of four academic years. All applicants for licensure who matriculate in a chiropractic school or college shall present evidence of having graduated from a chiropractic school or college having status with the commission on accreditation of the Council on Chiropractic Education, or its successor, or from a chiropractic school or college that meets equivalent standards. The schedule of minimum educational requirements to enable any person to practice chiropractic in the state of Colorado is, except as otherwise provided, as follows: Group 1. Anatomy, including embryology and histology Group 2. Physiology and psychology Group 3. Biochemistry, inorganic and organic chemistry Group 4. Pathology, bacteriology, and toxicology Group 5. Public health, hygiene, sanitation, and first aid Group 6. Diagnosis (to include, but not be limited to, physical, clinical, laboratory, and all other recognized diagnostic procedures), pediatrics, dermatology, syphilology, psychiatry, and X ray Group 7. Obstetrics, gynecology Group 8. Principles and practice of chiropractic, adjustive technic. Electives including dietetics, nutrition, posture, physiotherapy, electrotherapy, and surgical, optometric, and dental indications (2) Any chiropractic college or school meeting the requirements of this section and the rules adopted by the board shall be eligible for approval.

C.R.S. § 12-215-107 Display of license required

12-215-107. Display of license required. Every licensed practitioner of chiropractic shall conspicuously display his or her license to practice in this state. If a chiropractor practices at several locations, his or her name and license number shall be displayed in a manner that can be easily recognized by patients. Persons who engage in the practice of chiropractic under the name of a partnership, association, or other entity shall conspicuously display at the entrance of their place of business the name of each member or associate of the entity who is engaged in the practice of chiropractic.

C.R.S. § 12-215-108 Application for license - fee - examination

12-215-108. Application for license - fee - examination. Any person who fulfills the minimum educational requirements prescribed by this article 215 and by the board, who is twenty-one years of age or older, who desires to obtain a license to practice chiropractic in this state, and who is not entitled to a license to practice chiropractic under other provisions of this article 215 may apply for a license upon the forms and in the manner prescribed by the board, which application shall be accompanied by an examination fee. The board may refuse to examine or license an applicant if the applicant has committed any act that would be grounds for disciplinary action against a licensed chiropractor. The applicant shall be examined by the board or the board's designee in the subjects outlined in section 12-215-106 to determine the applicant's qualifications to practice chiropractic. A license shall be granted to all applicants who are found qualified by attaining a passing grade on the examinations adopted by the board. A chiropractic applicant shall not practice electrotherapy until the applicant presents evidence that the applicant has successfully completed a course of not less than one hundred twenty classroom hours in this subject at a school approved by the board or under the instruction of an approved provider.

C.R.S. § 12-215-109 Licensure by endorsement

12-215-109. Licensure by endorsement. An applicant may obtain licensure by endorsement if the applicant satisfies the requirements of the occupational credential portability program.

C.R.S. § 12-215-110 Renewal of license

12-215-110. Renewal of license. (1) Licenses issued pursuant to this article 215 are subject to the renewal, expiration, reinstatement, and delinquency fee provisions specified in section 12-20-202 (1) and (2). Any person whose license has expired shall be subject to the penalties provided in this article 215 or section 12-20-202 (1). (2) A renewal fee paid pursuant to section 12-20-202 (1) shall not be refunded.

C.R.S. § 12-215-111 Change of address - reporting required

12-215-111. Change of address - reporting required. Each person licensed under this article 215, upon changing his or her address, shall inform the board of the new address within thirty days after the change. The address change shall be reflected on the next license or renewal certificate issued to the licensee.

C.R.S. § 12-215-112 Persons licensed under previous laws

12-215-112. Persons licensed under previous laws. Any person holding a valid license to practice chiropractic in Colorado on or after May 18, 1959, shall be licensed under the provisions of this article 215 without further application by the person.

C.R.S. § 12-215-113 Continuing education

12-215-113. Continuing education. It is hereby expressly declared to be the purpose of this section to provide for an increase in the annual scientific educational requirements of licensed Colorado chiropractors. Every two years, each licensed Colorado chiropractor in active practice within the state of Colorado shall complete thirty hours of scientific clinics, forums, or chiropractic educational study consisting of subjects basic to the field of the healing arts as set forth in section 12-215-106. Each year at the time of its regular June meeting, the board shall prepare an educational schedule of minimum postgraduate requirements of subjects as set forth in section 12-215-106 that shall be met by any school, clinic, forum, or convention giving the educational work, and the minimum standards shall be complied with by the school, clinic, forum, or convention before the board issues a postgraduate attendance certificate. Credit hours shall be determined by the board. Applicants shall apply to the board prior to or after the course and present proof of attendance and synopsis of the course content for approval of credit hours. This provision is mandatory in the best interest of public health and welfare and to provide progress in the field of chiropractic. If any licensed chiropractor is unable to comply with this section on account of dire emergency and for good cause shown, the board may waive the requirements of this section.

C.R.S. § 12-215-114 Professional liability insurance required - rules

12-215-114. Professional liability insurance required - rules. (1) (a) It is unlawful for any person to practice chiropractic within this state unless the person purchases and maintains professional liability insurance in an amount not less than three hundred thousand dollars per claim with an aggregate liability limit for all claims during the year of one million dollars. (b) Professional liability insurance required by this section shall cover all acts within the scope of practice as defined by section 12-215-103. Professional liability coverage shall cover acupuncture and electrotherapy only if the licensee is authorized to perform these acts. (2) Notwithstanding subsection (1) of this section, the board may by rule exempt or establish lesser liability insurance requirements for any class of licensee that: (a) Practices chiropractic as employees of the United States government; (b) Renders limited or occasional chiropractic services; (c) Performs less than full-time active chiropractic services because of administrative or other nonclinical duties of partial or complete retirement; (d) Provides uncompensated chiropractic care to patients but does not otherwise provide compensated chiropractic care to patients; or (e) Practices chiropractic in a manner that renders the amounts provided in subsection (1) of this section unreasonable or unattainable.

C.R.S. § 12-215-115 Discipline of licensees - suspension, revocation, denial, and probation - grounds - definitions

12-215-115. Discipline of licensees - suspension, revocation, denial, and probation - grounds - definitions. (1) Upon any of the following grounds, the board may take disciplinary or other action as specified in section 12-20-404 or impose conditions on a licensee's license: (a) Using fraud, misrepresentation, or deceit in applying for, securing, renewing, or seeking reinstatement of a license or in taking an examination provided for in this article 215; (b) An act or omission that constitutes negligent chiropractic practice or fails to meet generally accepted standards of chiropractic practice; (c) Conviction of a felony or any crime that would constitute a violation of this article 215. For purposes of this subsection (1), "conviction" includes the acceptance of a guilty plea or a plea of nolo contendere or the imposition of a deferred sentence. (d) Habitual or excessive use or abuse by the licensee of alcohol, a controlled substance, as defined in section 18-18-102 (5), or a habit-forming drug; (e) Repealed. (f) Disobedience to a lawful rule or order of the board; (g) Persisting in maintaining an unsanitary office or practicing under unsanitary conditions after warning from the board; (h) False or misleading advertising; (i) Failure to report malpractice judgments or settlements within sixty days; (j) Violation of abuse of health insurance pursuant to section 18-13-119 or commission of a fraudulent insurance act, as defined in section 10-1-128; (k) Treating a patient by colonic irrigation or allowing colonic irrigation to be performed at the licensee's premises; (l) Practicing with a suspended or expired license; (m) Willfully deceiving or attempting to deceive the board or its agents with reference to any matter under investigation by the board; (n) Practicing under an assumed name; (o) Unethical advertising, as defined in subsection (5) of this section, or advertising through any medium that the licensee will perform an act prohibited by section 18-13-119 (3); (p) Violating or aiding any person to violate this article 215 or an applicable provision of article 20 or 30 of this title 12; (q) Knowingly practicing in the employment of or in association with any person who is practicing in an unlawful or unprofessional manner; (r) Offering, giving, or receiving commissions, rebates, or other forms of remuneration for the referral of clients; except that a licensee may compensate an independent advisory or marketing agent for advertising or marketing services, which services may include the referral of patients identified through the services, and a licensee may give an incidental gift to a patient in appreciation for a referral; (s) Conducting any enterprise other than the regular practice of chiropractic whereby the holder's license is used as a means of attracting patients or attaining prestige or patronage in the conduct of the enterprise; (t) Permitting the practice of chiropractic, the holding out of the practice, or the maintenance of an office for the practice by an unlicensed person in association with himself or herself; (u) Engaging in any of the following activities and practices: Willful and repeated ordering or performance, without clinical justification, of demonstrably unnecessary laboratory tests or studies; the administration, without clinical justification, of treatment that is demonstrably unnecessary; the failure to obtain consultations or perform referrals when failing to do so is not consistent with the standard of care for the profession; or ordering or performing, without clinical justification, any service, X ray, or treatment that is contrary to recognized standards of the practice of chiropractic as interpreted by the board; (v) Falsifying or making incorrect essential entries or failing to make essential entries on patient records; (w) Violating section 8-42-101 (3.6); (x) Violating section 12-215-202 or any rule adopted pursuant to that section; ng, without clinical justification, any service, X ray, or treatment that is contrary to recognized standards of the practice of chiropractic as interpreted by the board; (v) Falsifying or making incorrect essential entries or failing to make essential entries on patient records; (w) Violating section 8-42-101 (3.6); (x) Violating section 12-215-202 or any rule adopted pursuant to that section; (y) Failing to report to the board the surrender of a license to, or adverse action taken against a license by, a licensing agency in another state, territory, or country, a governmental agency, a law enforcement agency, or a court for acts or conduct that would constitute grounds for discipline pursuant to this article 215; (z) Engaging in a sexual act with a patient during the course of the patient's care or within six months immediately following the termination of the chiropractor's professional relationship with the patient. "Sexual act", as used in this subsection (1)(z), means sexual contact, sexual intrusion, or sexual penetration, as defined in section 18-3-401. (aa) Abandoning a patient by any means, including, but not limited to, failing to provide a referral to another chiropractor or other appropriate health-care practitioner when the referral was necessary to meet generally accepted standards of chiropractic care; (bb) Failing to provide adequate or proper supervision when employing unlicensed persons in a chiropractic practice; (cc) Failing to: (I) Notify the board, as required by section 12-30-108 (1), of a physical illness, physical condition, or behavioral health or mental health disorder that makes the chiropractor unable to render chiropractic services with reasonable skill and safety to patients; (II) Act within the limitations created by a physical illness, physical condition, or behavioral health or mental health disorder that makes the licensee unable to render chiropractic services with reasonable skill and safety to patients; (III) Comply with the limitations agreed to under a confidential agreement; (dd) Performing a procedure in the course of patient care that is beyond the chiropractor's training or competence or the scope of authorized chiropractic services under this article 215; (ee) Failing to respond to a board-generated complaint letter. (2) In addition to any other penalty that may be imposed pursuant to this section, a chiropractor violating any provision of this article 215 or any rule promulgated pursuant to this article 215 may be fined no less than one thousand dollars for a first violation proven by the board, up to three thousand dollars for a second violation proven by the board, and up to five thousand dollars for a third or subsequent violation proven by the board. The board shall establish guidelines for the imposition of the fines. (3) Disciplinary action taken against a licensee's ability to practice in another state or country shall be prima facie evidence of a violation of this article 215 and shall constitute grounds for discipline if the acts giving rise to the disciplinary action would violate this article 215 if committed in this state. (4) The board may send a confidential letter of concern to the licensee under the circumstances specified in section 12-20-404 (5). (5) For purposes of this section, the term "unethical advertising" includes advertising through any form of media that: (a) Contains false or misleading statements; (b) Holds out or promises cures or guarantees results; or s article 215 if committed in this state. (4) The board may send a confidential letter of concern to the licensee under the circumstances specified in section 12-20-404 (5). (5) For purposes of this section, the term "unethical advertising" includes advertising through any form of media that: (a) Contains false or misleading statements; (b) Holds out or promises cures or guarantees results; or (c) Contains claims that cannot be substantiated by standard laboratory or diagnostic procedures. (6) Any doctor of chiropractic proven to be incompetent or negligent may be required to take an examination, given by the board, in the subjects outlined in section 12-215-106. In addition, the board may order the doctor of chiropractic to take such therapy or courses of training or education as may be needed to correct deficiencies found in the hearing. (7) In the event any person holding a license to practice chiropractic in this state is determined to be mentally incompetent or insane by a court of competent jurisdiction and a court enters, pursuant to part 3 or 4 of article 14 of title 15 or section 27-65-110 (4) or 27-65-127, an order specifically finding that the mental incompetency or insanity is of such a degree that the person holding a license is incapable of continuing to practice chiropractic, the person's license shall automatically be suspended by the board, and, anything in this article 215 to the contrary notwithstanding, the suspension must continue until the licensee is found by the court to be competent to practice chiropractic.

C.R.S. § 12-215-116 Mental and physical examination of licensees

12-215-116. Mental and physical examination of licensees. (1) If the board has reasonable cause to believe a licensee is unable to practice with reasonable skill and safety, it may require the licensee to take a mental or physical examination given by a physician or other qualified provider designated by the board. If the licensee refuses to undergo the examination or to release all medical records necessary to determine the licensee's ability to practice safely, unless the refusal or failure is due to circumstances beyond the licensee's control, the board may suspend the licensee's license until the results of the examination are known and the board has made a determination of the licensee's fitness to practice. The board shall proceed with an order for examination and make its determination in a timely manner. (2) An order for examination issued by the board pursuant to subsection (1) of this section shall include the board's reasons for believing the licensee is unable to practice with reasonable skill and safety. (3) For purposes of any disciplinary proceeding authorized under this article 215, a licensee shall be deemed to have waived all objections to the admissibility of an examining physician's testimony and examination reports on the basis of privilege. (4) A licensee may submit to the board testimony and examination reports received from a physician chosen by the licensee, if the testimony and reports pertain to a condition that the board has alleged may preclude the licensee from practicing with reasonable skill and safety. (5) The results of a mental or physical examination ordered by the board shall not be used as evidence in any proceeding other than one held before the board and shall not be a public record nor made available to the public.

C.R.S. § 12-215-117 Use of title

12-215-117. Use of title. A license to practice chiropractic entitles the holder to use the title "Doctor" or "Dr." when accompanied by the word "Chiropractor" or the letters "D.C.", and to use the title of "Doctor of Chiropractic". The license shall not confer upon the licensee the right to practice surgery or obstetrics, to prescribe, compound, or administer drugs, or to administer anesthetics. Nothing in this article 215 shall be construed to prohibit or to require a license for bona fide chiropractic students or interns in attendance upon a regular course of instruction in a lawfully operated chiropractic school or hospital with respect to performing chiropractic services in this state while under the direct supervision of a licensed chiropractor in accordance with section 12-215-130.

C.R.S. § 12-215-118 Disciplinary proceedings

12-215-118. Disciplinary proceedings. (1) The board, through the department, may employ administrative law judges, on a full-time or part-time basis, to conduct hearings as provided by this article 215 or on any matter within the board's jurisdiction upon the conditions and terms the board may determine. (2) A proceeding for the discipline of a licensee may be commenced when the board has reasonable grounds to believe that a licensee under the board's jurisdiction has committed an act that may violate section 12-215-115. (3) Disciplinary proceedings and hearings shall be conducted in the manner prescribed by article 4 of title 24 and section 12-20-403. (4) A previously issued license to engage in the practice of chiropractic shall not be revoked or suspended until after a hearing conducted pursuant to section 24-4-105, except in the case of a deliberate and willful violation of this article 215 or if the public health, safety, and welfare require emergency action under section 24-4-104 (4). The denial of an application to renew an existing license shall be treated in all respects as a revocation. If an application for a new license is denied, the applicant, within sixty days after the giving of notice of such action, may request a hearing as provided in section 24-4-105. (5) (a) A person providing copies of records subpoenaed pursuant to section 12-20-403 (2) shall prepare them from the original record and shall delete from the copy provided pursuant to the subpoena the name of the patient, but he or she shall identify the patient by a numbered code, to be retained by the custodian of the records from which the copies were made. (b) Upon certification of the custodian that the copies are true and complete except for the patient's name, they shall be deemed authentic, subject to the right to subpoena the originals for the limited purpose of ascertaining the accuracy of the copies. The originals shall remain confidential and be returned to the custodian as soon as the accuracy of the copy is ascertained or as soon as the case is concluded if the original is needed as evidence of falsification. No privilege of confidentiality shall exist with respect to the copies, and no liability shall lie against the board or the custodian for furnishing or using the copies in accordance with this subsection (5). (6) If a licensee has committed an act that violates section 12-215-115, the board shall take disciplinary or other action as specified in section 12-20-404 or otherwise discipline a licensee as provided for in this article 215. A revoked or suspended license may thereafter be reissued by the board. The board may dismiss or terminate probation prior to the completion of the probationary period. (7) The board may send a letter of admonition by certified mail to a chiropractor against whom a complaint was made under the circumstances specified in and in accordance with section 12-20-404 (4) and shall also send a copy of the letter of admonition to the person making the complaint. (8) Notwithstanding other laws to the contrary, investigations, examinations, meetings, and other proceedings of the board conducted pursuant to this section are not required to be conducted publicly, and minutes of the board need not be open to public inspection; except that final action of the board taken pursuant to this section shall be open to the public.

C.R.S. § 12-215-119 Professional review committee - immunity

12-215-119. Professional review committee - immunity. (1) If a professional review committee is established pursuant to this section to investigate the quality of care, including utilization review, being given by a person licensed pursuant to this article 215, it shall include in its membership at least three persons licensed under this article 215, but such committee may be authorized to act only by: (a) The board; or (b) A society or an association of persons licensed pursuant to this article 215 whose membership includes not less than one-third of the persons licensed pursuant to this article 215 residing in this state if the licensee whose services are the subject of review is a member of such society or association. (2) In addition to the persons specified in section 12-20-402, any member of a professional review committee, the professional review committee's staff, any person acting as a witness or consultant to the committee, any witness testifying in a proceeding authorized under this article 215, and any person who lodges a complaint pursuant to this article 215 is granted the same immunity, and is subject to the same conditions for immunity, as specified in section 12-20-402.

C.R.S. § 12-215-120 Cease-and-desist orders

12-215-120. Cease-and-desist orders. The board may issue cease-and-desist orders under the circumstances and in accordance with the procedures specified in section 12-20-405.

C.R.S. § 12-215-121 Unauthorized practice - penalties - exemption

12-215-121. Unauthorized practice - penalties - exemption. (1) Except as specified in subsection (2) or (3) of this section, any person who practices or offers or attempts to practice chiropractic without an active license issued under this article 215 is subject to penalties pursuant to section 12-20-407 (1)(a). (2) A chiropractor who lawfully practices chiropractic in another state or territory and whose license is in good standing in the other state or territory may practice chiropractic in this state for the limited purpose of treating members, coaches, and staff of a visiting sports team while in Colorado without having a license issued pursuant to this article 215. An unlicensed chiropractor practicing pursuant to this subsection (2) shall not: (a) Practice in Colorado more than ten days in a twelve-month period; (b) Enter Colorado to practice more than three times in a twelve-month period; or (c) Hold himself or herself out as a chiropractor to or practice chiropractic with members of the general public. (3) A chiropractor who lawfully practices chiropractic in another state or territory may provide chiropractic services to athletes or team personnel registered to train at the United States Olympic training center in Colorado Springs or to provide chiropractic services at an event in this state sanctioned by the United States Olympic Committee. The chiropractor's services shall be contingent upon the requirements and approvals of the United States Olympic Committee and shall not exceed ninety days per calendar year.

C.R.S. § 12-215-122 Judicial review

12-215-122. Judicial review. Section 12-20-408 governs judicial review of all final actions and orders of the board that are subject to judicial review.

C.R.S. § 12-215-123 Duty of district attorneys - duty of department of regulatory agencies

12-215-123. Duty of district attorneys - duty of department of regulatory agencies. It is the duty of the several district attorneys of this state to prosecute all persons charged with the violation of any of the provisions of this article 215. It is the duty of the secretary-treasurer of the board, under the direction of the board, to aid said attorneys in the enforcement of this article 215. It is the duty of the attorney general to advise the board upon all legal matters and to represent the board in all actions brought by or against it. It is the duty of the department to forward to the board a copy of any correspondence concerning the professional conduct or competence of any licensed chiropractor that the department either transmits or receives.

C.R.S. § 12-215-124 Professional service corporations, limited liability companies, and registered limited liability partnerships for the practice of chiropractic - definitions

12-215-124. Professional service corporations, limited liability companies, and registered limited liability partnerships for the practice of chiropractic - definitions. (1) Persons licensed to practice chiropractic by the board may form professional service corporations for the practice of chiropractic under the "Colorado Business Corporation Act", articles 101 to 117 of title 7, if the corporations are organized and operated in accordance with the provisions of this section. The articles of incorporation of the corporations shall contain provisions complying with the following requirements: (a) The name of the corporation shall contain the words "professional company" or "professional corporation" or abbreviations thereof. (b) The corporation shall be organized solely for the purposes of conducting the practice of chiropractic only through persons licensed by the board to practice chiropractic in the state of Colorado. (c) The corporation may exercise the powers and privileges conferred upon corporations by the laws of Colorado only in furtherance of and subject to its corporate purpose. (d) All shareholders of the corporation shall be persons licensed by the board to practice chiropractic in the state of Colorado, and who at all times own their shares in their own right. They shall be individuals who, except for illness, accident, and time spent in the armed services, on vacations, and on leaves of absence not to exceed one year, are actively engaged in the practice of chiropractic in the offices of the corporation. (e) Provisions shall be made requiring any shareholder who ceases to be or for any reason is ineligible to be a shareholder to dispose of all his or her shares forthwith, either to the corporation or to any person having the qualifications described in subsection (1)(d) of this section. (f) The president shall be a shareholder and a director, and to the extent possible, all other directors and officers shall be persons having the qualifications described in subsection (1)(d) of this section. Lay directors and officers shall not exercise any authority whatsoever over professional matters. (g) The articles of incorporation shall provide, and all shareholders of the corporation shall agree, that all shareholders of the corporation shall be jointly and severally liable for all acts, errors, and omissions of the employees of the corporation, or that all shareholders of the corporation shall be jointly and severally liable for all acts, errors, and omissions of the employees of the corporation except during periods of time when the corporation maintains in good standing professional liability insurance that shall meet the following minimum standards: (I) The insurance shall insure the corporation against liability imposed upon the corporation by law for damages resulting from any claim made against the corporation arising out of the performance of professional services for others by those officers and employees of the corporation who are licensed by the board to practice chiropractic. (II) The policies shall insure the corporation against liability imposed upon it by law for damages arising out of the acts, errors, and omissions of all nonprofessional employees. (III) The insurance shall be in an amount for each claim of at least fifty thousand dollars multiplied by the number of persons licensed to practice chiropractic employed by the corporation. The policy may provide for an aggregate top limit of liability per year for all claims of one hundred fifty thousand dollars also multiplied by the number of persons licensed to practice chiropractic employed by the corporation, but no firm shall be required to carry insurance in excess of three hundred thousand dollars for each claim with an aggregate top limit of liability for all claims during the year of nine hundred thousand dollars. p limit of liability per year for all claims of one hundred fifty thousand dollars also multiplied by the number of persons licensed to practice chiropractic employed by the corporation, but no firm shall be required to carry insurance in excess of three hundred thousand dollars for each claim with an aggregate top limit of liability for all claims during the year of nine hundred thousand dollars. (IV) The policy may provide that it does not apply to: Any dishonest, fraudulent, criminal, or malicious act or omission of the insured corporation or any stockholder or employee thereof; the conduct of any business enterprise, as distinguished from the practice of chiropractic, in which the insured corporation under this section is not permitted to engage but that nevertheless may be owned by the insured corporation or in which the insured corporation may be a partner or that may be controlled, operated, or managed by the insured corporation in its own or in a fiduciary capacity, including the ownership, maintenance, or use of any property in connection therewith; when not resulting from breach of professional duty, bodily injury to, or sickness, disease, or death of any person, or to injury to or destruction of any tangible property, including the loss of use thereof; and the policy may contain reasonable provisions with respect to policy periods, territory, claims, conditions, and other usual matters. (2) The corporation shall do nothing that, if done by a person licensed to practice chiropractic in the state of Colorado employed by it, would violate the standards of professional conduct as provided for in section 12-215-115. Any violation by the corporation of this section shall be grounds for the board to terminate or suspend its right to practice chiropractic. (3) Nothing in this section shall be deemed to diminish or change the obligation of each person licensed to practice chiropractic employed by the corporation to conduct his or her practice in accordance with the standards of professional conduct provided for in section 12-215-115. Any person licensed by the board to practice chiropractic who by act or omission causes the corporation to act or fail to act in a way that violates the standards of professional conduct, including any provision of this section, shall be deemed personally responsible for the act or omission and shall be subject to discipline therefor. (4) A professional service corporation may adopt a pension, cash profit sharing, deferred profit sharing, health and accident insurance, or welfare plan for all or part of its employees including lay employees if the plan does not require or result in the sharing of specific or identifiable fees with lay employees, and if any payments made to lay employees, or into any such plan in behalf of lay employees, are based upon their compensation or length of service, or both, rather than the amount of fees or income received. (5) Except as provided in this section, corporations shall not practice chiropractic. (6) As used in this section, unless the context otherwise requires: (a) "Articles of incorporation" includes operating agreements of limited liability companies and partnership agreements of registered limited liability partnerships. (b) "Corporation" includes a limited liability company organized under the "Colorado Limited Liability Company Act", article 80 of title 7, and a limited liability partnership registered under section 7-60-144 or 7-64-1002. (c) "Director" and "officer" of a corporation includes a member and a manager of a limited liability company and a partner in a registered limited liability partnership. (d) "Employees" includes employees, members, and managers of a limited liability company and employees and partners of a registered limited liability partnership. (e) "Share" includes a member's rights in a limited liability company and a partner's rights in a registered limited liability partnership. ger of a limited liability company and a partner in a registered limited liability partnership. (d) "Employees" includes employees, members, and managers of a limited liability company and employees and partners of a registered limited liability partnership. (e) "Share" includes a member's rights in a limited liability company and a partner's rights in a registered limited liability partnership. (f) "Shareholder" includes a member of a limited liability company and a partner in a registered limited liability partnership.

C.R.S. § 12-215-125 Reporting requirements

12-215-125. Reporting requirements. A person licensed to practice chiropractic in this state shall report to the board any chiropractor known or believed to have violated this article 215.

C.R.S. § 12-215-126 Confidentiality - exceptions

12-215-126. Confidentiality - exceptions. (1) A licensee shall not disclose confidential communications made between the licensee and a patient in the course of the licensee's professional employment unless the patient gives his or her consent prior to the disclosure. An employee or associate of a licensee shall not disclose any knowledge of confidential communications acquired in his or her capacity as an employee or associate, unless a patient gives his or her consent prior to the disclosure. (2) Subsection (1) of this section shall not apply when: (a) A patient or an heir, executor, or administrator of a patient files a complaint or suit against a licensee with respect to any cause of action arising out of or connected with: (I) The care or treatment of the patient by the licensee; or (II) The consultation by the licensee with another health-care practitioner who provided care or treatment to the patient; (b) A review of the services of a licensee is conducted by: (I) The board, or a person or group authorized by the board; (II) The governing board of a hospital where the licensee practices, which hospital is licensed pursuant to part 1 of article 3 of title 25, or the medical staff of the hospital if the staff operates pursuant to written bylaws approved by the governing board of the hospital; or (III) A professional review committee established pursuant to section 12-215-119, if the licensee has signed a release authorizing the review. (3) The records and information produced and used in a review described in subsection (2)(b) of this section shall not become public records solely because of the use of the records and information in the review, and the identity of a patient whose records are reviewed pursuant to subsection (2)(b) of this section shall not be disclosed to any person not directly involved in the review process. The board shall adopt procedures to ensure that the identity of patients remains confidential during the review process. (4) Nothing in this section shall be deemed to prohibit any disclosure required by law.

C.R.S. § 12-215-127 Animal chiropractic - registration - qualifications - continuing education - collaboration with veterinarian - discipline - title restriction - rules

12-215-127. Animal chiropractic - registration - qualifications - continuing education - collaboration with veterinarian - discipline - title restriction - rules. (1) (a) A licensed chiropractor who is registered under this section is authorized to perform animal chiropractic when the chiropractic diagnosis and treatment is consistent with the scope of practice for chiropractors and the licensed chiropractor performs animal chiropractic in accordance with all state and local requirements regarding animal licensing and vaccinations, including compliance with part 6 of article 4 of title 25 and section 30-15-101. A chiropractor must have the knowledge, skill, ability, and documented competency to perform an act that is within the scope of practice for chiropractors. (b) In recognition of the special authority granted by this section, the performance of animal chiropractic in accordance with this section shall not be deemed a violation of section 12-315-105. (c) A licensed chiropractor who is not registered under this section may perform animal chiropractic if performed under the direct, on-premises supervision of a licensed veterinarian. (d) An individual who is not licensed as a chiropractor or a veterinarian may not perform animal chiropractic. (2) The state board of chiropractic examiners shall regulate animal chiropractic and diagnosis, including, without limitation, educational and clinical requirements for the performance of animal chiropractic and the procedure for referring complaints to the department regarding animal chiropractic diagnosis and therapy. (3) Registry. (a) The state board of chiropractic examiners shall maintain a database of all licensed chiropractors who are registered pursuant to this section and rules promulgated pursuant to this article 215 to practice animal chiropractic in this state. Information in the database shall be open to public inspection at all times and shall be easily accessible in electronic form. (b) A licensed chiropractor who chooses to practice animal chiropractic and who seeks registration in animal chiropractic shall provide the state board of chiropractic examiners with registration information as required by the board, which shall include the chiropractor's name, current address, education and training in the field of animal chiropractic, active Colorado chiropractic license, and qualifications to perform animal chiropractic and treatment. Forms for chiropractors to provide this information shall be provided by the board. (4) Educational qualifications. A licensed chiropractor who seeks registration in animal chiropractic must obtain education in the field of animal chiropractic from an accredited college of veterinary medicine, an accredited college of chiropractic, or an educational program deemed equivalent by mutual agreement of the state board of chiropractic examiners and the state board of veterinary medicine. The educational program must consist of no fewer than two hundred ten hours, include both classroom instruction and clinical experience, and culminate with a proficiency evaluation. The educational program must include the following subjects: (a) Chiropractic topics, including: (I) History and systems review; (II) Subluxation and vertebral subluxation; and (III) Adjustment techniques for dogs and equids; (b) Veterinary topics specific to dogs and equids, including: (I) Anatomy, including sacropelvic, thoracolumbar, cervical, and extremity, including normal hoof anatomy and care; (II) Physiology; (III) Behavior; (IV) Knowledge of breed anomalies; (V) Restraint; (VI) Biomechanics, gait, and lameness; (VII) Neurology, neuroanatomy, and neurological conditions; (VIII) Differential diagnosis of neuromusculoskeletal conditions; (IX) Motion palpation; (X) Pathology; and (XI) Radiographic interpretation; (c) Recognition of dog and equid zoonotic and contagious diseases; (II) Physiology; (III) Behavior; (IV) Knowledge of breed anomalies; (V) Restraint; (VI) Biomechanics, gait, and lameness; (VII) Neurology, neuroanatomy, and neurological conditions; (VIII) Differential diagnosis of neuromusculoskeletal conditions; (IX) Motion palpation; (X) Pathology; and (XI) Radiographic interpretation; (c) Recognition of dog and equid zoonotic and contagious diseases; (d) Animal-specific case management, outcome assessment, and documentation; and (e) Animal-specific professional ethics and legalities. (5) One-time education requirements. (a) A licensed chiropractor who is registered to perform animal chiropractic or who applies to be registered to perform animal chiropractic shall successfully complete the following one-time courses: (I) A one-hour jurisprudence course that includes information about statutes, rules, and procedures concerning notification requirements governing the identification of contagious, infectious, and zoonotic diseases; and (II) An eight-hour course on contagious, infectious, and zoonotic diseases that covers recognition of early indicators and clinical signs of the following diseases: (A) In dog patients: Rabies virus; West Nile virus; canine brucellosis, also known as brucella canis; plague, also known as yersinia pestis; and tularemia, also known as francisella tularensis; and (B) In equid patients: Rabies virus; West Nile virus; and equine herpesvirus myeloencephalopathy. (b) For each of the diseases listed in subsection (5)(a)(II) of this section, the course must address: (I) Pathology; (II) Clinical presentation; (III) Biosecurity issues; (IV) Public health concerns in Colorado; and (V) Herd health concerns in Colorado. (c) After a licensed chiropractor has successfully completed the jurisprudence and contagious, infectious, and zoonotic diseases courses required under this subsection (5), he or she need not take the courses again as a condition of registration renewal or reinstatement. (d) Until a licensed chiropractor successfully completes the courses required under this subsection (5), the licensed chiropractor must obtain veterinary medical clearance from a licensed veterinarian to perform animal chiropractic. (6) Continuing education. (a) A licensed chiropractor who is registered to perform animal chiropractic shall complete twenty hours of continuing education per licensing period that is specific to the diagnosis and treatment of animals. All continuing education courses must be in the fields of study listed in subsections (4) and (5) of this section. (b) On and after November 1, 2019, the twenty hours of continuing education required under this subsection (6) must include a two-hour course on contagious, infectious, and zoonotic diseases, including current information about the incidence rates of rabies virus, West Nile virus, equine herpesvirus myeloencephalopathy, canine brucellosis, plague, and tularemia in Colorado and in other locations that might affect a licensed chiropractor's animal patients. (7) Initiation of treatment notification and reporting requirements. (a) Within seven business days after initiating treatment of an animal patient, a licensed chiropractor registered to perform animal chiropractic must notify the animal patient's veterinarian of the initiation of treatment if a licensed veterinarian is treating the animal patient. If the animal patient is not being treated by a licensed veterinarian, the licensed chiropractor may satisfy this subsection (7)(a) by providing the individual who brought in the animal patient with a written summary of the treatment performed or anticipated to be performed, which written summary may be kept with any health documents maintained for the animal patient. treating the animal patient. If the animal patient is not being treated by a licensed veterinarian, the licensed chiropractor may satisfy this subsection (7)(a) by providing the individual who brought in the animal patient with a written summary of the treatment performed or anticipated to be performed, which written summary may be kept with any health documents maintained for the animal patient. (b) If, before, during, or after performing animal chiropractic on an animal patient, a licensed chiropractor suspects that the animal patient: (I) Has a reportable disease, as defined in section 35-50-103, the licensed chiropractor shall immediately report the disease to the state veterinarian and, if the animal patient is being treated by a licensed veterinarian, to the animal patient's licensed veterinarian; or (II) Has potentially had contact with a rabies reservoir species; has indicators of canine brucellosis, plague, tularemia, or other indicators of a contagious, infectious, or zoonotic disease; or exhibits ataxia, paralysis, proprioceptive deficit, or incontinence that might be a result of a contagious, infectious, or zoonotic disease, the licensed chiropractor shall: (A) Immediately decline or stop performing chiropractic adjustment on the animal patient; (B) Immediately notify the state veterinarian and the animal patient's licensed veterinarian or, if the animal patient is not being treated by a licensed veterinarian, notify only the state veterinarian, of the suspected contact, indicators, or exhibited condition; and (C) Delay any further chiropractic adjustment until disease can be ruled out or the chiropractor, in collaboration with the animal patient's licensed veterinarian or the state veterinarian, determines appropriate actions to prevent the spread of the contagious, infectious, or zoonotic disease. (c) Any licensed chiropractor who, in good faith and in the normal course of business, reports his or her suspicion of disease pursuant to subsection (7)(b) of this section is immune from liability in any civil or criminal action brought against the licensed chiropractor for reporting. (8) Records and professional collaboration. (a) A licensed veterinarian who provides veterinary medical clearance for animal chiropractic may require a veterinarian's presence at any chiropractic treatment rendered pursuant to the veterinary medical clearance. (b) The chiropractor and the veterinarian shall continue professional collaboration as necessary for the well-being of the animal patient. The veterinarian shall provide the animal patient's medical record to the chiropractor upon request. (c) The chiropractor shall maintain an animal patient record that includes the written veterinary medical clearance, if clearance was required, including the name of the licensed veterinarian, date, and time the clearance was received. The chiropractor shall furnish a copy of the medical record to the licensed veterinarian upon the licensed veterinarian's request. o the chiropractor upon request. (c) The chiropractor shall maintain an animal patient record that includes the written veterinary medical clearance, if clearance was required, including the name of the licensed veterinarian, date, and time the clearance was received. The chiropractor shall furnish a copy of the medical record to the licensed veterinarian upon the licensed veterinarian's request. (d) A licensed chiropractor registered to perform animal chiropractic shall maintain complete and accurate records or patient files in the chiropractor's office for a minimum of three years. (9) Discipline. Complaints received in the office of the state board of chiropractic examiners that include allegations of a violation related to animal chiropractic shall be forwarded to the state board of veterinary medicine for its review and advisory recommendation to the state board of chiropractic examiners. The state board of chiropractic examiners retains the final authority for decisions related to the discipline of a chiropractor. (10) Separate treatment room. A licensed chiropractor who provides animal chiropractic diagnosis and treatment in the same facility where human patients are treated shall maintain a separate, noncarpeted room for the purpose of adjusting animals. The table and equipment used for animals shall not be used for human patients. (11) Use of title. Only a licensed chiropractor qualified and registered in Colorado to perform animal chiropractic may use the titles "animal chiropractor", "animal adjuster", "equine chiropractor", or "equine adjuster". No chiropractor shall use the titles "veterinary chiropractor" or "veterinary adjuster" unless the chiropractor is also licensed to practice veterinary medicine in Colorado. Nothing in this section shall prohibit a licensed veterinarian from using the titles "animal adjuster" or "equine adjuster". (12) Rules. The state board of chiropractic examiners, in consultation with the state board of veterinary medicine, may establish by rule any additional requirements to be met by a chiropractor regarding required documentation and any other rules necessary for the implementation of this section. (13) Nothing in this section shall be construed to prohibit, limit, or alter the privileges or practices of any other licensed profession, including veterinarians, from performing spinal, extremity, or other aspects of adjustment, manipulation, or mobilization on animals as allowed for in the scope of their respective practice acts.

C.R.S. § 12-215-128 Chiropractic assistants

12-215-128. Chiropractic assistants. A chiropractor may supervise up to five unlicensed persons as chiropractic assistants if the unlicensed persons have received appropriate training as established by the board by rule promulgated pursuant to section 12-215-105. A chiropractic assistant may perform his or her duties only under the direct supervision of a chiropractor and only in those areas in which the chiropractic assistant has the requisite skill and training. A chiropractic assistant shall not perform a diagnosis, an adjustment, or acupuncture.

C.R.S. § 12-215-129 Confidential agreement to limit practice

12-215-129. Confidential agreement to limit practice. (1) Except as specified in subsection (2) of this section, section 12-30-108 concerning confidential agreements to limit practice applies to this article 215. (2) This section and section 12-30-108 do not apply to a licensee subject to discipline under section 12-215-115 (1)(d).

C.R.S. § 12-215-130 Chiropractic students - chiropractic services - consent - rules

12-215-130. Chiropractic students - chiropractic services - consent - rules. (1) A chiropractic student, as part of the student's course of instruction at a board-approved chiropractic school and with the signed written consent of the patient or the patient's parent or guardian, may perform chiropractic services under the direct supervision of a licensed chiropractor. (2) The board shall promulgate rules that: (a) Specify the criteria that chiropractic schools must meet in order to receive board approval for the purpose of allowing students enrolled in the schools to perform chiropractic services in this state; and (b) Create a consent form to be completed by a chiropractic student, the student's supervising licensed chiropractor, and the patient or the parent or guardian of the patient prior to receiving chiropractic services from the student.

C.R.S. § 12-215-201 Legislative declaration

12-215-201. Legislative declaration. (1) The general assembly hereby finds, determines, and declares that public exposure to the hazards of ionizing radiation used for diagnostic purposes should be minimized wherever possible. Accordingly, the general assembly finds, determines, and declares that for any licensed chiropractor to allow an untrained person to operate a machine source of ionizing radiation, including without limitation a device commonly known as an "X-ray machine", or to administer radiation to a patient for diagnostic purposes is a threat to the public health and safety. (2) It is the intent of the general assembly that licensed chiropractors utilizing unlicensed persons in their practices provide those persons with a minimum level of education and training before allowing them to operate machine sources of ionizing radiation; however, it is not the general assembly's intent to discourage education and training beyond this minimum. It is further the intent of the general assembly that established minimum training and education requirements correspond as closely as possible to the requirements of each particular work setting as determined by the board pursuant to this part 2. (3) The general assembly seeks to ensure, and accordingly declares its intent, that in promulgating the rules authorized by this part 2, the board will make every effort, consistent with its other statutory duties, to avoid creating a shortage of qualified individuals to operate machine sources of ionizing radiation for beneficial medical purposes in any area of the state.

C.R.S. § 12-215-202 Board authorized to issue rules - definition

12-215-202. Board authorized to issue rules - definition. (1) (a) The board shall adopt rules prescribing minimum standards for the qualifications, education, and training of unlicensed persons operating machine sources of ionizing radiation and administering radiation to patients for diagnostic chiropractic use. No licensed chiropractor shall allow any unlicensed person to operate any machine source of ionizing radiation or to administer radiation to any patient unless the person has met the standards then in effect under rules adopted pursuant to this section. The board may adopt rules allowing a grace period in which newly hired operators of machine sources of ionizing radiation shall receive the training required pursuant to this section. (b) For purposes of this part 2, "unlicensed person" means any person who does not hold a current and active license entitling the person to practice chiropractic under the provisions of this article 215. (2) The board shall seek the assistance of licensed chiropractors in developing and formulating the rules promulgated pursuant to this section. (3) The required number of hours of training and education for all unlicensed persons operating machine sources of ionizing radiation and administering radiation to patients shall be established by the board by rule. This standard shall apply to all persons in chiropractic settings other than hospitals and similar facilities licensed by the department of public health and environment pursuant to section 25-1.5-103. The training and education may be obtained through programs approved by the appropriate authority of any state or through equivalent programs and training experience including on-the-job training as determined by the board.
Source: Open US Law by Vaquill AI (CC BY 4.0)URL: https://leg.colorado.gov/sites/default/files/images/olls/crs2024-title-12.docxFetched: 10/6/2026

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