Va. Code Ann. tit. 19.2, ch. 1.2

in effect

Va. Code Ann. § 19.2-11.5 Definitions

As used in this chapter, unless the context requires a different meaning: "Anonymous physical evidence recovery kit" means a physical evidence recovery kit that is collected from a victim of sexual assault through a forensic medical examination where the victim elects, at the time of the examination, not to report the sexual assault offense to a law-enforcement agency. "Anonymous trace evidence collection kit" means a trace evidence collection kit that is collected from a victim of strangulation through a forensic medical examination where the victim elects, at the time of the examination, not to report the strangulation to a law-enforcement agency. "Department" means the Virginia Department of Forensic Science. "Division" means the Division of Consolidated Laboratory Services of the Virginia Department of General Services. "Health care provider" means a health care provider as defined in § 8.01-581.1 that provides forensic medical examinations to victims of sexual assault. "Law-enforcement agency" means the state or local law-enforcement agency with the primary responsibility for investigating an alleged sexual assault offense case and includes the employees of that agency. "Physical evidence recovery kit" means any evidence collection kit supplied by the Department to health care providers for use in collecting evidence from victims of sexual assault during forensic medical examinations or to the Office of the Chief Medical Examiner for use during death investigations to collect evidence from decedents who may be victims of sexual assault. "Sexual assault forensic examiner" means a health care provider who has completed the education and training recommended by the Virginia Forensic Nursing Advisory Council, approved by the Board of Health pursuant to § 32.1-162.15:12, to conduct examinations using a physical evidence recovery kit. "Sexual assault offense" means a violation or attempted violation of any offense enumerated in Article 7 (§ 18.2-61 et seq.) of Chapter 4 of Title 18.2 or of any offense specified in § 18.2-361 , 18.2-370 , or 18.2-370.1 . "Telehealth sexual assault forensic examination" means an in-person forensic medical examination by a health care provider in consultation with and under the supervision of a sexual assault forensic examiner using telehealth services as defined in § 32.1-122.03:1 to collect evidence using a physical evidence recovery kit. "Trace evidence collection kit" means any evidence collection kit supplied by the Department to health care providers for use in collecting evidence from victims of strangulation during forensic medical examinations or to the Office of the Chief Medical Examiner for use during death investigations to collect evidence from decedents who may be victims of strangulation. "Victim of sexual assault" means any person who undergoes a forensic medical examination for the collection of a physical evidence recovery kit connected to a sexual assault offense. "Victim of strangulation" means any person who undergoes a forensic medical examination for the collection of evidence in connection with an alleged strangulation. 2016, cc. 332 , 698 ; 2023, cc. 312 ; 2025, cc. 529 , 538 .

Va. Code Ann. § 19.2-11.6 Anonymous physical evidence recovery kits and anonymous trace evidence collection kits

A. When a victim of sexual assault or strangulation who undergoes a forensic medical examination elects not to report the offense to law enforcement, the health care provider shall inform the victim that the physical evidence recovery kit or trace evidence collection kit shall be forwarded to the Division for storage as an anonymous physical evidence recovery kit or anonymous trace evidence collection kit. The health care provider shall further inform the victim of the length of time the anonymous physical evidence recovery kit or anonymous trace evidence collection kit will be stored by the Division, the victim's right to object to the destruction of the anonymous physical evidence recovery kit or anonymous trace evidence collection kit, and how the victim can have the anonymous physical evidence recovery kit or anonymous trace evidence collection kit released to a law-enforcement agency at a later date. The health care provider shall forward the anonymous physical evidence recovery kit or anonymous trace evidence collection kit to the Division in accordance with the policies and procedures established by the Division. B. The Division shall store any anonymous physical evidence recovery kit or anonymous trace evidence collection kit received for a minimum of two years. The Division shall store the anonymous physical evidence recovery kit or anonymous trace evidence collection kit for an additional period of 10 years following the receipt of a written objection to the destruction of the anonymous physical evidence recovery kit or anonymous trace evidence collection kit from the victim. After the initial two years or any additional 10-year storage period, the Division, in the absence of the receipt of a written objection from the victim in the most recent 10-year period, may destroy the anonymous physical evidence recovery kit or anonymous trace evidence collection kit or, in its discretion or upon request of the victim or the law-enforcement agency, may elect to retain the anonymous physical evidence recovery kit or anonymous trace evidence collection kit for a longer period of time. Upon notification from either the law-enforcement agency or the attorney for the Commonwealth that the victim has elected to report the offense to the law-enforcement agency, the Division shall release the anonymous physical evidence recovery kit or anonymous trace evidence collection kit to the law-enforcement agency. 2016, cc. 332 , 698 ; 2017, c. 535 ; 2023, c. 312 .

Va. Code Ann. § 19.2-11.6:1 Telehealth sexual assault forensic examinations; admissibility of physical evidence recovery kit

A. A health care provider may conduct a telehealth sexual assault forensic examination for a victim of sexual assault if a sexual assault forensic examiner is not readily available to conduct an in-person forensic medical examination for the collection of a physical evidence recovery kit. B. A physical evidence recovery kit collected during a telehealth sexual assault forensic examination shall not be determined to be inadmissible solely because the physical evidence recovery kit was collected during a telehealth sexual assault forensic examination and not directly by a sexual assault forensic examiner, provided that such physical evidence recovery kit is otherwise admissible pursuant to the general rules of evidence. 2025, cc. 529 , 538 .

Va. Code Ann. § 19.2-11.7 Law enforcement taking possession of physical evidence recovery kits and trace evidence collection kits

A. A health care provider that has collected a physical evidence recovery kit from a victim of sexual assault or a trace evidence collection kit from a victim of strangulation who has elected to report the offense shall forthwith notify the law-enforcement agency that such kit has been collected. B. A law-enforcement agency that receives notice from a health care provider that a physical evidence recovery kit or trace evidence collection kit has been collected shall forthwith take possession of the physical evidence recovery kit or trace evidence collection kit. 2016, cc. 332 , 698 ; 2023, c. 312 .

Va. Code Ann. § 19.2-11.8 Submission of physical evidence recovery kits and trace evidence collection kits to the Department

A. A law-enforcement agency that receives a physical evidence recovery kit shall submit the physical evidence recovery kit to the Department for analysis within 60 days of receipt, except under the following circumstances: (i) it is an anonymous physical evidence recovery kit that shall be forwarded to the Division for storage; (ii) the physical evidence recovery kit was collected by the Office of the Chief Medical Examiner as part of a routine death investigation, and the medical examiner and the law-enforcement agency agree that analysis is not warranted; (iii) the physical evidence recovery kit is connected to an offense that occurred outside of the Commonwealth; (iv) the physical evidence recovery kit was determined by the law-enforcement agency not to be connected to a criminal offense; or (v) another law-enforcement agency has taken over responsibility for the investigation related to the physical evidence recovery kit. When a state or local law-enforcement agency located within the Commonwealth has taken over responsibility for the investigation related to the physical evidence recovery kit as provided in clause (v), unless one of the exceptions in clause (i) through (iv) also applies, the physical evidence recovery kit shall be transferred to such law-enforcement agency and such law-enforcement agency shall submit the physical evidence recovery kit to the Department within 60 days of receipt from the original receiving law-enforcement agency. B. Upon completion of analysis, the Department shall return the physical evidence recovery kit to the submitting law-enforcement agency. Upon receipt of the physical evidence recovery kit from the Department, the law-enforcement agency shall store the physical evidence recovery kit for a period of 10 years or until 10 years after the victim reaches the age of majority if the victim was a minor at the time of collection, whichever is longer. The law-enforcement agency shall store the physical evidence recovery kit for a period of 10 years following the receipt of a written objection to the destruction of the kit from the victim. After the mandatory retention period or any additional 10-year storage period has lapsed, the law-enforcement agency shall, unless the victim has made a written request not to be contacted for this purpose, make a reasonable effort to notify the victim of the intended destruction of the physical evidence recovery kit no less than 60 days prior to the intended date of such destruction. In the absence of a response from the victim, or with the consent of the victim, the law-enforcement agency may destroy the physical evidence recovery kit or, in its discretion, may elect to retain the physical evidence recovery kit for a longer period of time. C. For physical evidence recovery kits that meet the exceptions in clause (ii) or (iv) of subsection A or that meet the exception in clause (iii) and (v) of subsection A that are not transferred to the law-enforcement agency outside of the Commonwealth in which the offense occurred or to the law-enforcement agency that has taken over responsibility for the investigation related to the physical evidence recovery kit, the law-enforcement agency that received the physical evidence recovery kit shall store such kit for a period of 10 years or until 10 years after the victim reaches the age of majority if the victim was a minor at the time of collection, whichever is longer. After the mandatory retention period, the law-enforcement agency may destroy the physical evidence recovery kit or, in its discretion, may elect to retain the physical evidence recovery kit for a longer period of time. D. A law-enforcement agency that receives a trace evidence collection kit may submit it to the Department for analysis in its discretion to support a prosecution. E. The DNA profiles developed from physical evidence recovery kits or trace evidence collection kits submitted to the Department for analysis pursuant to this section shall be uploaded into any local, state, or national DNA data bank only if eligible as determined by Department procedures and in accordance with state and federal law. 2016, cc. 332 , 698 ; 2017, c. 535 ; 2018, c. 398 ; 2022, cc. 453 , 454 ; 2023, c. 312 .

Va. Code Ann. § 19.2-11.9 Lack of compliance with procedures

The failure of a law-enforcement agency to take possession of a physical evidence recovery kit or trace evidence collection kit as provided in this chapter or to submit a physical evidence recovery kit or trace evidence collection kit to the Department within the time period prescribed under this chapter does not alter the authority of the law-enforcement agency to take possession of the physical evidence recovery kit or trace evidence collection kit or to submit the physical evidence recovery kit or trace evidence collection kit to the Department under this chapter or the authority of the Department to accept and analyze the physical evidence recovery kit or trace evidence collection kit or to maintain or upload any developed DNA profiles from the physical evidence recovery kit or trace evidence collection kit into any local, state, or national DNA data bank if eligible as determined by Department procedures and in accordance with state and federal law. A person accused or convicted of committing a crime against a sexual assault victim or strangulation victim has no standing to object to any failure to comply with the requirements of this chapter, and the failure to comply with the requirements of this chapter is not grounds for challenging the admissibility of the evidence or setting aside the conviction or sentence. 2016, cc. 332 , 698 ; 2023, c. 312 .

Va. Code Ann. § 19.2-11.10 Expungement of DNA profile

If the Department receives written confirmation from a law-enforcement agency or attorney for the Commonwealth that a DNA profile that has been uploaded pursuant to this chapter into any local, state, or national DNA data bank was determined not to be connected to a criminal offense or that the DNA profile is of an individual who is not the putative perpetrator, the Department shall expunge the DNA profile from the DNA data bank. The detention, arrest, or conviction of a person based upon a data bank match or data bank information is not invalidated if it is determined that the sample was obtained, placed, or retained in the data bank in good faith pursuant to this chapter, and evidence based upon or derived from the DNA record shall not be excluded by a court. 2016, cc. 332 , 698 .

Va. Code Ann. § 19.2-11.11 Victim's right to notification of scientific analysis information

A. In addition to the rights provided under Chapter 1.1 (§ 19.2-11.01 et seq.), a victim of sexual assault, a parent or guardian of a victim of a sexual assault who was a minor at the time of the offense, or the next of kin of a deceased victim of sexual assault shall have the right to request and receive information from the law-enforcement agency regarding (i) the submission of any physical evidence recovery kit for forensic analysis that was collected from the victim during the investigation of the offense; (ii) the status of any analysis being performed on any evidence that was collected during the investigation of the offense; (iii) the results of any analysis; and (iv) the time frame for how long the kit will be held in storage and the victim's rights regarding such storage, unless disclosing this information would interfere with the investigation or prosecution of the offense, in which case the victim, parent, guardian, or next of kin shall be informed of the estimated date on which the information may be disclosed, if known. The law-enforcement agency shall inform the victim, parent, guardian, or next of kin of the unique identification number assigned to the physical evidence recovery kit utilized by the health care provider and the personal identification number required to view the status of the physical evidence recovery kit and shall provide information regarding the Physical Evidence Recovery Kit Tracking System, unless disclosing this information would interfere with the investigation or prosecution of the offense, in which case the victim, parent, guardian, or next of kin shall be informed of the estimated date on which the information may be disclosed, if known. B. In the case of a physical evidence recovery kit that was received by a law-enforcement agency prior to July 1, 2016, and that has subsequently been submitted for analysis, the victim, a parent or guardian of a minor victim, or the next of kin of a deceased victim shall be notified by the law-enforcement agency of the completion of the analysis and shall, upon request, receive information from the law-enforcement agency regarding the results of any analysis, unless disclosing this information would interfere with the investigation or prosecution of the offense, in which case the victim, parent, guardian, or next of kin shall be informed of the estimated date on which the information may be disclosed, if known. A good faith attempt to locate the victim, a parent or guardian of a minor victim, or the next of kin of a deceased victim shall be made if a current address for the victim, a parent or guardian of a minor victim, or the next of kin of a deceased victim is unavailable. C. The victim, parent, guardian, or next of kin who requests to be notified under subsection A shall provide a current address and telephone number to the attorney for the Commonwealth and to the law-enforcement agency that is investigating the offense and keep such information updated. The victim, parent, guardian, or next of kin who requests to be notified under subsection B may provide a current address and telephone number to the attorney for the Commonwealth and to the law-enforcement agency that is investigating the offense and keep such information updated. D. Nothing contained in this section shall require a law-enforcement agency to disclose any information regarding the results of any analysis to a parent or guardian of a minor victim or to the next of kin of a deceased victim if such parent, guardian, or next of kin is the alleged perpetrator of the offense. 2016, cc. 332 , 698 ; 2017, cc. 535 , 672 ; 2022, cc. 453 , 454 .

Va. Code Ann. § 19.2-11.12 Costs of physical evidence recovery kits and trace evidence collection kits

No victim of sexual assault or strangulation shall be charged for the cost of collecting or storing a physical evidence recovery kit, an anonymous physical evidence recovery kit, a trace evidence collection kit, or an anonymous trace evidence collection kit. 2017, c. 535 ; 2023, c. 312 .

Va. Code Ann. § 19.2-11.13 Physical Evidence Recovery Kit Tracking System

A. The Department shall maintain a statewide electronic tracking system for physical evidence recovery kits. The Physical Evidence Recovery Kit Tracking System (the System) will utilize an assigned unique identification number to track each physical evidence recovery kit from its distribution as an uncollected kit to the health care provider through to its destruction. The Department shall ensure that each physical evidence recovery kit is assigned a unique identification number. B. The Department shall provide access to the System to health care providers, law-enforcement agencies, the Division, and the Office of the Chief Medical Examiner. All such entities and agencies shall be required to enter the identification number and other information pertaining to the kits in the System as required by the Department and to update the status and location of each kit in the System whenever such status or location changes. C. The health care provider shall inform the victim of sexual assault of the unique identification number assigned to the physical evidence recovery kit utilized by the health care provider during the forensic medical examination and provide the victim with information regarding the System. D. Records entered into the System are confidential and are not subject to disclosure under the Freedom of Information Act (§ 2.2-3700 et seq.). 2019, c. 473 .

Source: Open US Law by Vaquill AI (CC BY 4.0)URL: https://law.lis.virginia.gov/vacode/title19.2/chapter1.2/Fetched: 10/16/2026