Form a Business

G.S. ch. 90, art. 1I

G.S. ch. 90, art. 1I
in effect

G.S. 90-21.80 Short title.

§ 90-21.80.  Short title. This act may be cited as "Abortion Laws." (2011-405, s. 1; 2023-14, s. 1.2.)

G.S. 90-21.81 Definitions.

§ 90-21.81.  Definitions. The following definitions apply in this Article: (1) Abortion. - A surgical abortion or a medical abortion, as those terms are defined in this section, respectively. (1a) Abortion-inducing drug. - A medicine, drug, or any other substance prescribed or dispensed with the intent of terminating the clinically diagnosable pregnancy of a woman, with knowledge that the termination will, with reasonable likelihood, cause the death of the unborn child. This includes the off-label use of drugs such as mifepristone (Mifeprex), misoprostol (Cytotec), and methotrexate, approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration to induce abortions or known to have abortion-inducing properties, prescribed specifically with the intent of causing an abortion, whether or not there exists a diagnosed pregnancy at the time of prescription or dispensing, for the purposes of the woman taking the drugs at a later date to cause an abortion rather than contemporaneously with a clinically diagnosed pregnancy. This definition shall not include drugs that may be known to cause an abortion but are prescribed for other medical indications, such as chemotherapeutic agents and diagnostic drugs. (1b) Adverse event. - Any untoward medical occurrence associated with the use of a drug in humans, whether or not considered drug related. (1c) Renumbered pursuant to Session Laws 2023-14, s. 11. (2) Attempt to perform an abortion. - An act, or an omission of a statutorily required act, that, under the circumstances as the physician believes them to be, constitutes a substantial step in a course of conduct planned to culminate in the performance of an abortion in violation of this Article or Article 1K of this Chapter. (2a) Complication. - Any physical or psychological conditions which, in the reasonable medical judgment of a licensed health care professional, arise as a primary or secondary result of an induced abortion, including: a. Uterine perforation. b. Cervical laceration. c. Infection. d. Bleeding or vaginal bleeding that qualifies as a Grade 2 or higher adverse event according to the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events. e. Pulmonary embolism. f. Deep vein thrombosis. g. Failure to actually terminate the pregnancy. h. Incomplete abortion due to retained tissue. i. Pelvic inflammatory disease. j. Endometritis. k. Missed ectopic pregnancy. l. Cardiac arrest. m. Respiratory arrest. n. Renal failure. o. Shock. p. Amniotic fluid embolism. q. Coma. r. Free fluid in abdomen. s. Allergic reactions to anesthesia and abortion-inducing drugs. t. Psychological complications as described by the most recent edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM). (3) Department. - The Department of Health and Human Services. (4) Display a real-time view of the unborn child. - An ultrasound or any more scientifically advanced means of viewing the unborn child in real time. (4a) Health care provider. - As defined in G.S. 90-410. (4b) Hospital. - As defined in G.S. 131E-76. (4c) Incest. - The criminally injurious conduct in the nature of the conduct described in G.S. 14-178. (4d) Life-limiting anomaly. - The diagnosis by a qualified physician of a physical or genetic condition that (i) is defined as a life-limiting disorder by current medical evidence and (ii) is uniformly diagnosable. (4e) Medical abortion. - The use of any medicine, drug, or other substance intentionally to terminate the pregnancy of a woman known to be pregnant with an intention other than to do any of the following: a. Increase the probability of a live birth. b. Preserve the life or health of the child. c. Remove a dead, unborn child who died as a result of (i) natural causes in utero, (ii) accidental trauma, or (iii) a criminal assault of the pregnant woman or her unborn child which causes the premature termination of the pregnancy. d. Remove an ectopic pregnancy. (5) Medical emergency. - A condition which, in reasonable medical judgment, so complicates the medical condition of the pregnant woman as to necessitate the immediate abortion of her pregnancy to avert her death or for which a delay will create serious risk of substantial and irreversible physical impairment of a major bodily function, not including any psychological or emotional conditions. For purposes of this definition, no condition shall be deemed a medical emergency if based on a claim or diagnosis that the woman will engage in conduct which would result in her death or in substantial and irreversible physical impairment of a major bodily function. (5a) Partial-birth abortion. - As defined in 18 U.S.C. § 1531(b)(1) as it exists on January 1, 2023. (6) Physician. - An individual licensed to practice medicine in accordance with this Chapter. (7) Probable gestational age. - What, in the judgment of the physician, will, with reasonable probability, be the gestational age of the unborn child at the time the abortion is planned to be performed. (7a) Qualified physician. - Any of the following: (i) a physician who possesses, or is eligible to possess, board certification in obstetrics or gynecology, (ii) a physician who possesses sufficient training based on established medical standards in safe abortion care, abortion complications, and miscarriage management, or (iii) a physician who performs an abortion in a medical emergency as defined by this Article. (8) Qualified professional. - An individual who is a registered nurse, nurse practitioner, or physician assistant licensed in accordance with Article 1 of this Chapter, or a qualified technician acting within the scope of the qualified technician's authority as provided by North Carolina law and under the supervision of a physician. (9) (Effective until contingency met - see note) Qualified technician. - A registered diagnostic medical sonographer who is certified in obstetrics and gynecology by the American Registry for Diagnostic Medical Sonography (ARDMS) or a nurse midwife or advanced practice nurse practitioner in obstetrics with certification in obstetrical ultrasonography. (9) (Effective once contingency met - see note) Qualified technician. - A registered diagnostic medical sonographer who is certified in obstetrics and gynecology by the American Registry for Diagnostic Medical Sonography (ARDMS), a physician assistant with certification in obstetrical ultrasonography, or a nurse midwife or advanced practice nurse practitioner in obstetrics with certification in obstetrical ultrasonography. (9a) Rape. - The criminally injurious conduct in the nature of the conduct described in G.S. 14-27.21, 14-27.22, 14-27.23, 14-27.24, and 14-27.25. (9b) Surgical abortion. - The use or prescription of any instrument or device intentionally to terminate the pregnancy of a woman known to be pregnant with an intention other than to do any of the following: a. Increase the probability of a live birth. b. Preserve the life or health of the child. c. Remove a dead, unborn child who died as the result of (i) natural causes in utero, (ii) accidental trauma, or (iii) a criminal assault on the pregnant woman or her unborn child which causes the premature termination of the pregnancy. d. Remove an ectopic pregnancy. (9c) Unborn child. - As defined in G.S. 14-23.1. (10) Website. - A website that, to the extent reasonably practicable, is safeguarded from having its content altered other than by the Department. (10a) Renumbered pursuant to Session Laws 2023-14, s. 11. (11) Woman. - A female human, whether or not she is an adult.  (2011-405, s. 1; 2013-366, s. 3(b); 2023-14, ss. 1.2, 11; 2025-37, s. 6.1(g).)

G.S. 90-21.81A Abortion.

§ 90-21.81A.  Abortion. (a) Abortion. - It shall be unlawful after the twelfth week of a woman's pregnancy to procure or cause a miscarriage or abortion in the State of North Carolina. (b) Partial-Birth Abortion Prohibited. - It shall be unlawful for a qualified physician, any health care provider, or any person to perform a partial-birth abortion at any time. (2023-14, s. 1.2; 2023-65, s. 14.1(b).)

G.S. 90-21.81B When abortion is lawful.

§ 90-21.81B.  When abortion is lawful. Notwithstanding any of the provisions of G.S. 14-44 and G.S. 14-45, and subject to the provisions of this Article, it shall not be unlawful to procure or cause a miscarriage or an abortion in the State of North Carolina in the following circumstances: (1) When a qualified physician determines there exists a medical emergency. (2) During the first 12 weeks of a woman's pregnancy, when the procedure is performed by a qualified physician licensed to practice medicine in this State in a hospital, ambulatory surgical center, or clinic certified by the Department of Health and Human Services to be a suitable facility for the performance of abortions, in accordance with G.S. 90-21.82A or during the first 12 weeks of a woman's pregnancy when a medical abortion is procured. (3) After the twelfth week and through the twentieth week of a woman's pregnancy, when the procedure is performed by a qualified physician in a suitable facility in accordance with G.S. 90-21.82A when the woman's pregnancy is a result of rape or incest. (4) During the first 24 weeks of a woman's pregnancy, if a qualified physician determines there exists a life-limiting anomaly in accordance with this Article. (2023-14, s. 1.2; 2023-65, s. 14.1(c).)

G.S. 90-21.81C Abortion reporting, objection, and inspection requirements.

§ 90-21.81C.  Abortion reporting, objection, and inspection requirements. (a) Procedure Information. - A qualified physician who advises, procures, or causes a miscarriage or abortion after the twelfth week of a woman's pregnancy shall record all of the following: (i) the method used by the qualified physician to determine the probable gestational age of the unborn child at the time the procedure is to be performed, (ii) the results of the methodology, including the measurements of the unborn child, and (iii) an ultrasound image of the unborn child that depicts the measurements. The qualified physician shall provide this information, including the ultrasound image, to the Department of Health and Human Services pursuant to subsection (c) of this section. (b) Recording of Findings. - A qualified physician who procures or causes a miscarriage or abortion after the twelfth week of a woman's pregnancy shall record the findings and analysis on which the qualified physician based the determination that there existed a medical emergency, life-limiting anomaly, rape, or incest and shall provide that information to the Department of Health and Human Services pursuant to subsection (c) of this section. Materials generated by the physician or provided by the physician to the Department of Health and Human Services pursuant to this section shall not be public records under G.S. 132-1. The information provided under this subsection shall be for statistical purposes only, and the confidentiality of the patient and the physician shall be protected. It is the duty of the qualified physician to submit information to the Department of Health and Human Services that omits identifying information of the patient and complies with Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA). (c) Reports. - The Department of Health and Human Services shall prescribe and collect on an annual basis, from hospitals, ambulatory surgical facilities, or licensed clinics where abortions are performed, statistical summary reports concerning the medical and demographic characteristics of the abortions provided for in this section, including the information described in subsection (b) of this section as it shall deem to be in the public interest. Hospitals, ambulatory surgical facilities, or licensed clinics where abortions are performed shall be responsible for providing these statistical summary reports to the Department of Health and Human Services. The reports shall be for statistical purposes only, and the confidentiality of the patient relationship shall be protected. Materials generated by the physician or provided by the physician to the Department of Health and Human Services pursuant to this section shall not be public records under G.S. 132-1. (d) Fetal Death Reporting. - The requirements of G.S. 130A-114 are not applicable to abortions performed pursuant to this section. (e) Medical Personnel Objection. - No physician, nurse, or any other health care provider who shall state an objection to abortion on moral, ethical, or religious grounds shall be required to perform or participate in medical procedures which result in an abortion. The refusal of a physician, nurse, or health care provider to perform or participate in these medical procedures shall not be a basis for damages for the refusal or for any disciplinary or any other recriminatory action against the physician, nurse, or health care provider. (f) Requirement of Services. - Nothing in this section shall require a hospital, other health care institution, or other health care provider to perform an abortion or to provide abortion services. (g) Clinic Inspection. - The Department of Health and Human Services shall annually inspect any clinic, including ambulatory surgical facilities and any suitable facility under G.S. 90-21.82A, where abortions are performed. The Department of Health and Human Services shall publish on the Department's website and on the State website established under this Article the results and findings of all inspections conducted on or after January 1, 2013, of suitable facilities, including ambulatory surgical facilities, where abortions are performed, including any statement of deficiencies and any notice of administrative action resulting from the inspection. No person who is less than 18 years of age shall be employed at any clinic, including ambulatory surgical facilities, where abortions are performed. The requirements of this subsection shall not apply to a hospital required to be licensed under Chapter 131E of the General Statutes. (2023-14, s. 1.2.)

G.S. 90-21.81D Life-limiting anomaly procedure; informed consent.

§ 90-21.81D.  Life-limiting anomaly procedure; informed consent. (a) Procedure; Informed Consent. - If a qualified physician has determined there exists a life-limiting anomaly in accordance with this Article, in order to procure or cause a miscarriage or abortion, the qualified physician who made that determination must (i) procure or cause the miscarriage or abortion during the first 24 weeks of a woman's pregnancy and (ii) explain in writing and orally or provide to the woman all of the following information: (1) The basis of the determination that the diagnosis qualifies as life limiting. (2) The risks associated with the life-limiting anomaly and any procedure or treatment, medical, surgical, or otherwise, to perform the abortion. (3) While there exists a risk of stillbirth with life-limiting anomalies, life-limiting anomalies have resulted in live births of infants with unpredictable and variable lengths of life. (4) The woman has been provided by the qualified physician with current information on the life-limiting anomaly, including the likelihood of survival and length of survival, if known, after birth based on current medical evidence. The qualified physician proposing the abortion will offer referrals to the woman for neonatal and perinatal palliative care consultations. Neonatal consultation will discuss options for medical stabilization, evaluation, and possible treatments to support the infant after birth. Perinatal palliative care will discuss a plan for comfort care interventions that include the possibility of home discharge on palliative care. (5) The woman has been provided all information contained in G.S. 90-21.82 if the abortion is a surgical abortion or all information contained in G.S. 90-21.83A if the abortion is a medical abortion, and her informed consent has been obtained in accordance with those sections. (6) The woman has been provided all information, in addition to the information provided under subdivision (5) of this subsection, regarding her options and the spectrum of care, including all of the following: a. Continuation of the pregnancy. b. Referrals offered to perinatal palliative comfort care service providers to discuss palliative care, neonatal specialists, and other appropriate specialists, as indicated by the particular life-limiting anomaly, and those service providers can discuss those options, including the stabilization of the infant in the labor and delivery room, transfer to the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit for further evaluation and treatment, and support for the mother and her family should they choose to continue the pregnancy. (b) Affirmation. - All additional information provided to the woman under this section shall be signed and initialed by both the woman and the qualified physician. (c) Report. - The qualified physician who performs an abortion due to the determination of a life-limiting anomaly under this section shall submit a report to the Department of Health and Human Services for statistical purposes. The report shall include, at a minimum, all of the following: (1) Identification of the qualified physician who diagnosed the baby with a life-limiting anomaly. (2) The probable gestational age of the unborn child. (3) Identification of the qualified physician who performed the abortion. (4) The pregnant woman's age and race. (5) The number of previous pregnancies, number of live births, and number of previous abortions of the pregnant woman. (d) Public Records. - Materials generated by the physician or provided by the physician to the Department of Health and Human Services pursuant to this section shall not be public records under G.S. 132-1. (2023-14, s. 1.2.)

G.S. 90-21.82 Informed consent to surgical abortion.

§ 90-21.82.  Informed consent to surgical abortion. (a) No surgical abortion shall be performed upon a woman in this State without her voluntary and informed consent as described in this section. (b) Except in the case of a medical emergency, consent to a surgical abortion is voluntary and informed only if all of the following conditions are satisfied: (1) At least 72 hours prior to the surgical abortion, a physician or qualified professional has orally informed the woman, in person, of the information contained in the consent form. (1a) The consent form shall include, at a minimum, all of the following: a. The name of the physician who will perform the surgical abortion to ensure the safety of the procedure and prompt medical attention to any complications that may arise, specific information for the physician's hospital admitting privileges, and whether the physician accepts the pregnant woman's insurance. The physician performing a surgical abortion shall be physically present during the performance of the entire abortion procedure. b. The particular medical risks associated with the surgical abortion procedure to be employed, including, when medically accurate, the risks of infection, hemorrhage, cervical tear or uterine perforation, danger to subsequent pregnancies, including the ability to carry a child to full term, and any adverse psychological effects associated with the surgical abortion. c. The probable gestational age of the unborn child at the time the surgical abortion is to be performed. d. The medical risks associated with carrying the child to term. e. The display of a real-time view of the unborn child and heart tone monitoring that enable the pregnant woman to view her unborn child or listen to the heartbeat of the unborn child are available to the woman. The physician performing the surgical abortion, qualified technician, or referring physician shall inform the woman that the printed materials and website described in G.S. 90-21.83 and G.S. 90-21.84 contain phone numbers and addresses for facilities that offer the services free of charge. If requested by the woman, the physician or qualified professional shall provide to the woman the list as compiled by the Department. f. If the physician who is to perform the surgical abortion has no liability insurance for malpractice in the performance or attempted performance of a surgical abortion, that information shall be communicated. g. The location of the hospital that offers obstetrical or gynecological care located within 30 miles of the location where the surgical abortion is performed or induced and at which the physician performing or inducing the surgical abortion has clinical privileges. If the physician who will perform the surgical abortion has no local hospital admitting privileges, that information shall be communicated. If the physician or qualified professional does not know the information required in sub-subdivisions a., f., or g. of this subdivision, the woman shall be advised that this information will be directly available from the physician who is to perform the surgical abortion. However, the fact that the physician or qualified professional does not know the information required in sub-subdivisions a., f., or g. shall not restart the 72-hour period. The information required by this subdivision shall be provided in English and in each language that is the primary language of at least two percent (2%) of the State's population. The information shall be provided orally in person, by the physician or qualified professional, in which case the required information may be based on facts supplied by the woman to the physician and whatever other relevant information is reasonably available. The information required by this subdivision shall not be provided by a tape recording but shall be provided during a consultation in which the physician is able to ask questions of the patient and the patient is able to ask questions of the physician. If, in the medical judgment of the physician, a physical examination, tests, or the availability of other information to the physician subsequently indicates a revision of the information previously supplied to the patient, then that revised information may be communicated to the patient at any time before the performance of the surgical abortion. Nothing in this section may be construed to preclude provision of required information in a language understood by the patient through a translator. (1b) A consent form shall not be considered valid, and informed consent not obtained by the woman, unless all of the following conditions are satisfied: a. The woman signs and initials each entry, list, description, or declaration required to be on the consent form described in sub-subdivisions a. through g. of subdivision (1a) of this subsection. b. The woman signs and initials each entry, list, description, or declaration required to be on the acknowledgment of risks and consent statement described in sub-subdivisions a. through n. of subdivision (2) of this subsection. c. The physician signs the qualified physician declaration described in subdivision (5) of this subsection. d. The physician uses the consent form created by the Department for the purposes of this section. (2) Prior to the surgical abortion, an acknowledgment of risks and consent statement must be signed and initialed by the woman with a physical or electronic signature attesting she has received all of the following information at least 72 hours before the surgical abortion. The acknowledgment of risks and consent statement shall include, at a minimum, all of the following: a. That medical assistance benefits may be available for prenatal care, childbirth, and neonatal care. b. That public assistance programs under Chapter 108A of the General Statutes may or may not be available as benefits under federal and State assistance programs. c. That the father is liable to assist in the support of the child, even if the father has offered to pay for the abortion. d. That the woman has other alternatives to abortion, including keeping the baby or placing the baby for adoption. e. That the woman has been told about the printed materials described in G.S. 90-21.83, and that she has been told that these materials are available on a State-sponsored website, and she has been given the address of the State-sponsored website. The physician or a qualified professional shall orally inform the woman that the materials have been provided by the Department and that they describe the unborn child and list agencies that offer alternatives to abortion. If the woman chooses to view the materials other than on the website, the materials shall be given to her at least 72 hours before the surgical abortion. f. That the woman (i) is not being forced to have a surgical abortion, (ii) has a choice to not have the surgical abortion, and (iii) is free to withhold or withdraw her consent to the surgical abortion at any time before or during the surgical abortion without affecting her right to future care or treatment and without the loss of any State or federally funded benefits to which she might otherwise be entitled. g. Attestation that the woman understands that the surgical abortion is intended to end her pregnancy. h. Attestation that the woman understands the surgical abortion has specific risks and may result in specific complications. i. Attestation that the woman has been given the opportunity to ask questions about her pregnancy, the development of her unborn child, and alternatives to surgical abortion. j. Confirmation that the woman has been provided access to State-prepared, printed materials on informed consent for surgical abortion and the State-prepared and maintained website on informed consent for a surgical abortion. k. If applicable, that the woman has been given the name and phone number of a qualified physician who has agreed to provide medical care and treatment in the event of complications associated with the surgical abortion procedure. l. Attestation that the woman has received or been given sufficient information to give her informed consent to the surgical abortion. m. That the woman has a private right of action to sue the qualified physician under the laws of this State if she feels she has been coerced or misled prior to obtaining an abortion, and how to access State resources regarding her legal right to obtain relief. n. A statement that she will be given a copy of the forms and materials with all signatures and initials required under this Article, and all other informed consent forms required by this State. The information required by this subdivision shall be provided in English and in each language that is the primary language of at least two percent (2%) of the State's population. (3) Repealed by Session Laws 2023-14, s. 1.2, effective July 1, 2023. (4) Repealed by Session Laws 2023-14, s. 1.2, effective July 1, 2023. (5) The physician has signed a physician declaration form stating that prior to the surgical abortion procedure, the qualified physician has (i) explained in person the surgical abortion procedure to be used, (ii) provided all of the information required in this section, and (iii) answered all of the woman's questions regarding the surgical abortion. (2011-405, s. 1; 2013-366, s. 4(a); 2015-62, s. 7(b); 2023-14, s. 1.2; 2023-65, s. 14.1(d).)

G.S. 90-21.82A Suitable facilities for the performance of surgical abortions.

§ 90-21.82A.  Suitable facilities for the performance of surgical abortions. (a) The following definitions apply in this section: (1) Abortion clinic. - As defined in G.S. 131E-153.1. (2) Ambulatory surgical facility. - As defined in G.S. 131E-176. (3) Hospital. - As defined in G.S. 131E-176. (b) During the first 12 weeks of pregnancy, a physician licensed to practice medicine under this Chapter may perform a surgical abortion in a hospital, an ambulatory surgical facility, or an abortion clinic; provided, however, that (i) the clinic has been licensed by the Department of Health and Human Services to be a suitable facility for the performance of abortions and (ii) the licensed physician performs the abortion in accordance with this Article and Article 1K of this Chapter. (c) After the twelfth week of pregnancy, a physician licensed to practice medicine under this Chapter may not perform a surgical abortion as permitted under North Carolina law in any facility other than a hospital. (2023-14, s. 2.1.)

G.S. 90-21.83 Printed information required.

§ 90-21.83.  Printed information required. (a) Within 90 days after this Article becomes effective, the Department shall publish in English and in each language that is the primary language of at least two percent (2%) of the State's population and shall cause to be available on the website established under G.S. 90-21.84, the following printed materials in a manner that ensures that the information is comprehensible to a person of ordinary intelligence: (1) Geographically indexed materials designed to inform a woman of public and private agencies and services available to assist her through pregnancy, upon childbirth, and while the child is dependent, including adoption agencies. The information shall include a comprehensive list of the agencies available, a description of the services they offer, including which agencies offer, at no cost to the woman, imaging that enables the woman to view the unborn child or heart tone monitoring that enables the woman to listen to the heartbeat of the unborn child, and a description of the manner, including telephone numbers, in which they might be contacted. In the alternative, in the discretion of the Department, the printed materials may contain a toll-free, 24-hour-a-day telephone number that may be called to obtain, orally or by tape recorded message tailored to the zip code entered by the caller, a list of these agencies in the locality of the caller and of the services they offer. (2) Materials designed to inform the woman of the probable anatomical and physiological characteristics of the unborn child at two-week gestational increments from the time a woman can be known to be pregnant until full term, including pictures or drawings representing the development of the unborn child at two-week gestational increments. The pictures shall contain the dimensions of the unborn child, information about brain and heart functions, the presence of external members and internal organs, and be realistic and appropriate for the stage of pregnancy depicted. The materials shall be objective, nonjudgmental, and designed to convey only accurate scientific information about the unborn child at the various gestational ages. The material shall contain objective information describing the methods of abortion procedures employed, the medical risks associated with each procedure, the possible adverse psychological effects of abortion, as well as the medical risks associated with carrying an unborn child to term. (b) The materials referred to in subsection (a) of this section shall be printed in a typeface large enough to be clearly legible. The website provided for in G.S. 90-21.84 shall be maintained at a minimum resolution of 70 DPI (dots per inch). All pictures appearing on the website shall be a minimum of 200x300 pixels. All letters on the website shall be a minimum of 12-point font. All information and pictures shall be accessible with an industry-standard browser requiring no additional plug-ins. (c) The materials required under this section shall be available at no cost from the Department upon request and in appropriate numbers to any physician, person, health facility, hospital, or qualified professional. The Department shall create the consent forms described in this section to be used by qualified physicians for the purposes of obtaining informed consent for surgical and medical abortions. (d) The Department shall cause to be available on the website a list of resources the woman may contact for assistance upon receiving information from the physician performing the ultrasound that the unborn child may have a disability or serious abnormality and shall do so in a manner prescribed by subsection (b) of this section. (2011-405, s. 1; 2013-366, s. 4(b); 2023-14, s. 1.2.)

G.S. 90-21.83A Informed consent to medical abortion.

§ 90-21.83A.  Informed consent to medical abortion. (a) No medical abortion shall be performed upon a woman in this State without her voluntary and informed consent as described in this section. (b) Except in the case of a medical emergency, consent to a medical abortion is voluntary and informed only if all of the following conditions are satisfied: (1) At least 72 hours prior to the medical abortion, a qualified physician or qualified professional has orally informed the woman, in person, of the information contained in the consent form. (2) The consent form shall include, at a minimum, all of the following: a. The name of the physician who will prescribe, dispense, or otherwise provide the abortion-inducing drugs to ensure the safety of the procedure and prompt medical attention to any complications that may arise, specific information for the physician's hospital admitting privileges, and whether the physician accepts the pregnant woman's insurance. The physician prescribing, dispensing, or otherwise providing any drug or chemical for the purpose of inducing an abortion shall be physically present in the same room as the woman when the first drug or chemical is administered to the woman. b. The probable gestational age of the unborn child as determined by both patient history and by ultrasound results used to confirm gestational age. c. A detailed description of the steps to complete the medical abortion. d. A detailed list of the risks related to the specific abortion-inducing drug or drugs to be used, including hemorrhage, failure to remove all tissue of the unborn child which may require an additional procedure, sepsis, sterility, and possible continuation of the pregnancy. e. The medical risks associated with carrying the child to term. f. The display of a real-time view of the unborn child and heart tone monitoring that enable the pregnant woman to view her unborn child or listen to the heartbeat of the unborn child are available to the woman. The physician performing the abortion, qualified technician, or referring physician shall inform the woman that the printed materials and website described in G.S. 90-21.83 and G.S. 90-21.84 contain phone numbers and addresses for facilities that offer the services free of charge. If requested by the woman, the physician or qualified professional shall provide to the woman the list as compiled by the Department. g. Information about Rh incompatibility, including that if the woman has an Rh-negative blood type, she could receive an injection of Rh immunoglobulin at the time of the medical abortion to prevent Rh incompatibility in future pregnancies. h. Information about the risks of complications from a medical abortion, including incomplete abortion, increase with advancing gestational age, and that infection and hemorrhage are the most common causes of deaths related to medical abortions. i. Notice that the woman may see the remains of her unborn child in the process of completing the abortion. j. Notice that the physician who is to perform the medical abortion has no liability insurance for malpractice in the performance or attempted performance of an abortion, if applicable. k. The location of the hospital that offers obstetrical or gynecological care located within 30 miles of the location where the medical abortion is performed or induced and at which the physician performing or inducing the medical abortion has clinical privileges. If the physician who will perform the medical abortion has no local hospital admitting privileges, that information shall be communicated. If the physician or qualified professional does not know the information required in sub-subdivision a., j., or k. of this subdivision, the woman shall be advised that this information will be directly available from the physician who is to perform the medical abortion. However, the fact that the physician or qualified professional does not know the information required in sub-subdivision a., j., or k. shall not restart the 72-hour period. The information required by this subdivision shall be provided in English and in each language that is the primary language of at least two percent (2%) of the State's population. The information shall be provided orally in person, by the physician or qualified professional, in which case the required information may be based on facts supplied by the woman to the physician and whatever other relevant information is reasonably available. The information required by this subdivision shall not be provided by a tape recording but shall be provided during an in-person consultation conducted by a qualified professional or a qualified physician. A physician must be available to ask and answer questions within the statutory time frame upon request of the patient or the qualified professional. If, in the medical judgment of the physician, a physical examination, tests, or the availability of other information to the physician subsequently indicates a revision of the information previously supplied to the patient, then that revised information may be communicated to the patient at any time before the performance of the medical abortion. Nothing in this section may be construed to preclude provision of required information in a language understood by the patient through a translator. (3) A consent form shall not be considered valid, and informed consent not obtained from the woman, unless all of the following conditions are satisfied: a. The woman signs and initials each entry, list, description, or declaration required to be on the consent form described in subdivision (2) of this subsection. b. The woman signs and initials each entry, list, description, or declaration required to be on the acknowledgment of risks and consent statement described in subdivision (4) of this subsection. c. The physician signs the qualified physician declaration described in subdivision (5) of this subsection. d. The physician uses the consent form created by the Department for the purposes of this section. (4) Prior to the medical abortion, an acknowledgment of risks and consent statement must be signed and initialed by the woman with a physical or electronic signature attesting she has received all of the following information at least 72 hours before the medical abortion. The acknowledgment of risks and consent statement shall include, at a minimum, all of the following: a. That medical assistance benefits may be available for prenatal care, childbirth, and neonatal care. b. That public assistance programs under Chapter 108A of the General Statutes may or may not be available as benefits under federal and State assistance programs. c. That the father is liable to assist in the support of the child, even if the father has offered to pay for the abortion. d. That the woman has other alternatives to abortion, including keeping the baby or placing the baby for adoption. e. That the woman has been told about the printed materials described in G.S. 90-21.83, and that she has been told that these materials are available on a State-sponsored website, and she has been given the address of the State-sponsored website. The physician or a qualified professional shall orally inform the woman that the materials have been provided by the Department and that they describe the unborn child and list agencies that offer alternatives to abortion. If the woman chooses to view the materials other than on the website, the materials shall be given to her at least 72 hours before the medical abortion. f. Attestation that the woman (i) is not being forced to have a medical abortion, (ii) has a choice to not have the medical abortion, and (iii) is free to withhold or withdraw her consent to the abortion-inducing drug regimen even after she has begun the abortion-inducing drug regimen. g. Attestation that the woman understands that the medical abortion is intended to end her pregnancy. h. Attestation that the woman understands the medical abortion regimen has specific risks and may result in specific complications. i. Attestation that the woman has been given the opportunity to ask questions about her pregnancy, the development of her unborn child, and alternatives to medical abortion. j. Confirmation that the woman has been provided access to State-prepared, printed materials on informed consent for abortion and the State-prepared and maintained website on informed consent for a medical abortion. k. If applicable, that the woman has been given the name and phone number of a qualified physician who has agreed to provide medical care and treatment in the event of complications associated with the abortion-inducing drug regimen. l. Notice that the physician will schedule an in-person follow-up visit for the woman at approximately seven to 14 days after providing the abortion-inducing drug or drugs to confirm that the pregnancy is completely terminated and to assess the degree of bleeding and other complications. m. That the woman has received or been given sufficient information to give her informed consent to the abortion-inducing drug regimen or procedure. n. That the woman has a private right of action to sue the qualified physician under the laws of this State if she feels she has been coerced or misled prior to obtaining an abortion, and how to access State resources regarding her legal right to obtain relief. o. A statement that she will be given a copy of the forms and materials with all signatures and initials required under this Article, and all other informed consent forms required by this State. The information required by this subdivision shall be provided in English and in each language that is the primary language of at least two percent (2%) of the State's population. (5) The physician has signed a physician declaration form stating that prior to the medical abortion procedure, the qualified physician has (i) explained in person the medical abortion procedure to be used, (ii) provided all of the information required in this section, and (iii) answered all of the woman's questions regarding the medical abortion. (2023-14, s. 1.2; 2023-65, ss. 13B.1(a), 14.1(e).)

G.S. 90-21.83B Distribution of abortion-inducing drugs and duties of physician.

§ 90-21.83B.  Distribution of abortion-inducing drugs and duties of physician. (a) A physician prescribing, administering, or dispensing an abortion-inducing drug must examine the woman in person and, prior to providing an abortion-inducing drug, shall do all of the following: (1) Independently verify that the pregnancy exists. (2) Determine the woman's blood type; offer necessary medical services, treatment, and advice, based on the physician's reasonable medical judgment of any medical risks associated with the woman's blood type, including whether the woman's blood type is Rh negative; and be able to administer Rh immunoglobulin at the time of the abortion, if medically necessary. (3) Provide any other medically indicated diagnostic tests, including iron or hemoglobin/hematocrit tests, to determine whether the woman has a heightened risk of complications. (4) Screen the woman for coercion, abuse, comply with G.S. 90-21.91, and refer the woman to the appropriate health care provider for appropriate treatment, if medically necessary. (5) Inform the patient that she may see the remains of her unborn child in the process of completing the abortion. (6) Verify the probable gestational age of the unborn child. (7) Document in the woman's medical chart the probable gestational age and existence of an intrauterine pregnancy, and whether the woman received treatment for an Rh negative condition or any other diagnostic tests. (8) Comply with all provisions of this Article and laws of this State as applicable. (b) The physician providing any abortion-inducing drug, or an agent of the physician, shall schedule a follow-up visit for the woman at approximately seven to 14 days after administration of the abortion-inducing drug to confirm that the pregnancy is completely terminated and to assess the degree of bleeding. The physician shall make all reasonable efforts to ensure that the woman returns for the scheduled appointment. A brief description of the efforts made to comply with this subsection, including the date, time, and identification by name of the person making these efforts, shall be included in the woman's medical records. (2023-14, s. 1.2; 2023-65, s. 14.1(f).)

G.S. 90-21.83C Repealed by Session Laws 2023-65, s. 14.1(g), effective July 1, 2023.

G.S. 90-21.84 Website.

§ 90-21.84.  Website. The Department shall develop and maintain a stable website to provide the information described in this Article. No information regarding who accesses the website shall be collected or maintained. The Department shall monitor the website on a regular basis to prevent and correct tampering.  (2011-405, s. 1; 2023-14, s. 1.2; 2025-25, s. 29(5).)

G.S. 90-21.85 Display of real-time view requirement.

§ 90-21.85.  Display of real-time view requirement. (a) Notwithstanding G.S. 90-21.81B, except in the case of a medical emergency, in order for the woman to make an informed decision, at least four hours before a woman having any part of an abortion performed or induced, and before the administration of any anesthesia or medication in preparation for the abortion on the woman, the physician who is to perform the abortion, or qualified technician working in conjunction with the physician, shall do each of the following: (1) Perform an obstetric real-time view of the unborn child on the pregnant woman. (2) Provide a simultaneous explanation of what the display is depicting, which shall include the presence, location, and dimensions of the unborn child within the uterus and the number of unborn children depicted. The individual performing the display shall offer the pregnant woman the opportunity to hear the fetal heart tone. The image and auscultation of fetal heart tone shall be of a quality consistent with the standard medical practice in the community. If the image indicates that fetal demise has occurred, a woman shall be informed of that fact. (3) Display the images so that the pregnant woman may view them. (4) Provide a medical description of the images, which shall include the dimensions of the embryo or fetus and the presence of external members and internal organs, if present and viewable. (5) Obtain a written certification from the woman, before the abortion, that the requirements of this section have been complied with, which shall indicate whether or not she availed herself of the opportunity to view the image. (6) Retain a copy of the written certification prescribed by subdivision (a)(5) of this section. The certification shall be placed in the medical file of the woman and shall be kept by the abortion provider for a period of not less than seven years. If the woman is a minor, then the certification shall be placed in the medical file of the minor and kept for at least seven years or for five years after the minor reaches the age of majority, whichever is greater. If the woman has had an obstetric display of a real-time image of the unborn child within 72 hours before the abortion is to be performed, the certification of the physician or qualified technician who performed the procedure in compliance with this subsection shall be included in the patient's records and the requirements under this subsection shall be deemed to have been met. (a1) A pregnant woman has the right to view a real-time view image of the unborn child under this section and shall not be denied a real-time view of the unborn child due to a clinic policy or rule. (b) Nothing in this section shall be construed to prevent a pregnant woman from averting her eyes from the displayed images or from refusing to hear the simultaneous explanation and medical description. (c) In the event the person upon whom the abortion is to be performed is an unemancipated minor, as defined in G.S. 90-21.6(1), the information described in subdivisions (a)(2) and (a)(4) of this section shall be furnished and offered respectively to a person required to give parental consent under G.S. 90-21.7(a) and the unemancipated minor. The person required to give consent in accordance with G.S. 90-21.7(a), as appropriate, shall make the certification required by subdivision (a)(5) of this section. In the event the person upon whom the abortion is to be performed has been adjudicated mentally incompetent by a court of competent jurisdiction, the information shall be furnished and offered respectively to her spouse or a legal guardian if she is married or, if she is not married, to one parent or a legal guardian and the woman. The spouse, legal guardian, or parent, as appropriate, shall make the certification required by subdivision (a)(5) of this section. In the case of an abortion performed pursuant to a court order under G.S. 90-21.8(e) and (f), the information described in subdivisions (a)(2) and (a)(4) of this section shall be provided to the minor, and the certification required by subdivision (a)(5) of this section shall be made by the minor. (2011-405, s. 1; 2023-14, s. 1.2; 2023-65, s. 14.1(h).)

G.S. 90-21.86 Procedure in case of medical emergency.

§ 90-21.86.  Procedure in case of medical emergency. When a medical emergency compels the performance of an abortion, the physician shall inform the woman, before the abortion if possible, of the medical indications supporting the physician's judgment that an abortion is necessary to avert her death or that a 72-hour delay will create a serious risk of substantial and irreversible impairment of a major bodily function, not including psychological or emotional conditions. As soon as feasible, the physician shall document in writing the medical indications upon which the physician relied and shall cause the original of the writing to be maintained in the woman's medical records and a copy given to her. (2011-405, s. 1; 2015-62, s. 7(c).)

G.S. 90-21.87 Informed consent for a minor.

§ 90-21.87.  Informed consent for a minor. If the woman upon whom an abortion is to be performed is an unemancipated minor, the voluntary and informed written consent required under G.S. 90-21.82 or G.S. 90-21.83A shall be obtained from the minor and from the adult individual who gives consent pursuant to G.S. 90-21.7(a). (2011-405, s. 1; 2023-14, s. 1.2.)

G.S. 90-21.88 Civil remedies.

§ 90-21.88.  Civil remedies. (a) Any person upon whom an abortion has been performed, her personal representative in the event of a wrongful death action in accordance with G.S. 28A-18-1, and any father of an unborn child that was the subject of an abortion may maintain an action for damages against the person who performed the abortion in knowing or reckless violation of this Article. Any person upon whom an abortion has been attempted may maintain an action for damages against the person who performed the abortion in willful violation of this Article. (a1) Notwithstanding any other provision of law, (i) a woman upon whom the abortion has been attempted, induced, or performed or (ii) her parent or guardian, if she is a minor at the time of the attempted or completed abortion, may bring an action under this section within three years from the date of the alleged violation or from the date of the initial discovery of harm from an alleged violation. If at the time of the alleged violation the woman is a minor, then the minor shall have three years from the date the minor attains the age of majority to bring an action under this section. (b) Injunctive relief against any person who has willfully violated this Article may be sought by and granted to (i) the woman upon whom an abortion was performed or attempted to be performed in violation of this Article, (ii) any person who is the spouse, parent, sibling, or guardian of, or a current or former licensed health care provider of, the woman upon whom an abortion has been performed or attempted to be performed in violation of this Article, or (iii) the Attorney General. The injunction shall prevent the abortion provider from performing or inducing further abortions in this State in violation of this Article. (c) If judgment is rendered in favor of the plaintiff in any action authorized under this section, the court shall also tax as part of the costs reasonable attorneys' fees in favor of the plaintiff against the defendant. If judgment is rendered in favor of the defendant and the court finds that the plaintiff's suit was frivolous or brought in bad faith, then the court shall tax as part of the costs reasonable attorneys' fees in favor of the defendant against the plaintiff. (2011-405, s. 1; 2023-14, s. 1.2.)

G.S. 90-21.88A Violation of this Article.

§ 90-21.88A.  Violation of this Article. A physician who violates any provision of this Article shall be subject to discipline by the North Carolina Medical Board under G.S. 90-14(a)(2) and any other applicable law or rule. Any licensed pharmacist who violates any provision of this Article shall be subject to discipline by the North Carolina Board of Pharmacy under Article 4A of this Chapter. Any other licensed health care provider who violates any provision of this Article shall be subject to discipline under their respective licensing agency or board. No pregnant woman seeking to obtain an abortion in accordance with this Article shall be subject to professional discipline for attempting to do so. (2023-14, s. 1.2.)

G.S. 90-21.89 Protection of privacy in court proceedings.

§ 90-21.89.  Protection of privacy in court proceedings. In every proceeding or action brought under this Article, the court shall rule whether the anonymity of any woman upon whom an abortion has been performed or attempted shall be preserved from public disclosure if she does not give her consent to the disclosure. The court, upon motion or sua sponte, shall make the ruling and, upon determining that her anonymity should be preserved, shall issue orders to the parties, witnesses, and counsel and shall direct the sealing of the record and exclusion of individuals from courtrooms or hearing rooms to the extent necessary to safeguard her identity from public disclosure. Each order issued pursuant to this section shall be accompanied by specific written findings explaining (i) why the anonymity of the woman should be preserved from public disclosure, (ii) why the order is essential to that end, (iii) how the order is narrowly tailored to serve that interest, and (iv) why no reasonable less restrictive alternative exists. In the absence of written consent of the woman upon whom an abortion has been performed or attempted, anyone who brings an action under G.S. 90-21.88 (a) or (b) shall do so under a pseudonym. This section may not be construed to conceal the identity of the plaintiff or of witnesses from the defendant. (2011-405, s. 1.)

G.S. 90-21.90 Assurance of informed consent.

§ 90-21.90.  Assurance of informed consent. (a) All information required to be provided under G.S. 90-21.82 and G.S. 90-21.83A to a woman considering abortion shall be presented to the woman individually and in the physical presence of the woman and in a language the woman understands to ensure that the woman has adequate opportunity to ask questions and to ensure the woman is not the victim of a coerced abortion. (b) Should a woman be unable to read the materials provided to the woman pursuant to this section, a physician or qualified professional shall read the materials to the woman in a language the woman understands before the abortion. (2011-405, s. 1; 2023-14, s. 1.2.)

G.S. 90-21.91 Assurance that consent is freely given.

§ 90-21.91.  Assurance that consent is freely given. If a physician acting pursuant to this Article has reason to believe that a woman is being coerced into having an abortion, the physician or qualified professional shall inform the woman that services are available for the woman and shall provide the woman with private access to a telephone and information about, but not limited to, each of the following services: (1) Rape crisis centers. (2) Shelters for victims of domestic violence. (3) Restraining orders. (4) Pregnancy care centers. (2011-405, s. 1.)

G.S. 90-21.92 Severability.

§ 90-21.92.  Severability. If any one or more provision, section, subsection, sentence, clause, phrase, or word of this Article or the application thereof to any person or circumstance is found to be unconstitutional, the same is hereby declared to be severable, and the balance of this Article shall remain effective, notwithstanding such unconstitutionality. The General Assembly hereby declares that it would have passed this Article, and each provision, section, subsection, sentence, clause, phrase, or word thereof, irrespective of the fact that any one or more provision, section, subsection, sentence, clause, phrase, or word be declared unconstitutional. (2011-405, s. 1.)

G.S. 90-21.93 Reporting requirements.

§ 90-21.93.  Reporting requirements. (a) Report. - After a surgical or medical abortion is performed, the physician or health care provider that conducted the surgical or medical abortion shall complete and transmit a report to the Department in compliance with the requirements of this section. The report shall be completed by either the hospital, clinic, or health care provider in which the surgical or medical abortion was completed and signed by the physician who dispensed, administered, prescribed, or otherwise provided the abortion-inducing drug or performed the procedure or treatment to the woman. Any physician or health care provider shall make reasonable efforts to include all of the required information in this section in the report without violating the privacy of the woman. The report shall be transmitted to the Department within 15 days after either the (i) date of the follow-up appointment following a medical abortion, (ii) date of the last patient encounter for treatment directly related to a surgical abortion, or (iii) end of the month in which the last scheduled appointment occurred, whichever is later. A report completed under this section for a minor shall be sent to the Department and the Division of Social Services within 30 days of the surgical or medical abortion. (b) Contents. - Each report completed in accordance with this section shall contain, at a minimum, all of the following: (1) Identifying information of the (i) physician who provided the abortion-inducing drug or performed the surgical abortion and (ii) referring physician, agency, or service, if applicable. (2) The location, date, and type of the surgical abortion, or the location of where any abortion-inducing drug was administered or dispensed, including any health care provider facility, at the home of the pregnant woman, or other location. (3) The woman's county, state, and country of residence; age; and race. (4) The woman's number of live births, previous pregnancies, and number of previous abortions. (5) The woman's preexisting medical conditions, which could complicate her pregnancy. (6) The probable gestational age of the unborn child, as determined by both patient history and ultrasound, and the date of the ultrasound used to estimate gestational age. (7) The abortion-inducing drugs used, and the date in which the abortion-inducing drugs were dispensed, administered, and used. (8) Whether the woman returned for the scheduled follow-up appointment or examination to determine the completion of the abortion procedure and to assess bleeding, the results of the follow-up appointment or examination, and the date of any follow-up appointment or examination of the abortion procedure. (9) The reasonable efforts of the physician to encourage the woman to attend the follow-up appointment or examination if the woman did not attend. (10) Any specific complications the woman suffered from the abortion procedure. (11) The amount of money billed to cover the treatment for specific complications, including whether the treatment was billed to Medicaid, private insurance, private pay, or any other method, including ICD-10 diagnosis codes reported, any other codes reported, any charges for hospitals, emergency departments, physicians, prescriptions or other drugs, laboratory tests, and any other costs for treatment. (c) Adverse Event from Abortion-Inducing Drug Report. - If a woman has an adverse event related to the administration, dispensing, or prescription of an abortion-inducing drug for the purpose of inducing an abortion, the physician who provided the abortion-inducing drug or the physician who diagnosed or treated the woman for the adverse event shall provide a written report of the adverse event within three days of the adverse event to the Food and Drug Administration through the MedWatch Reporting System and to the Department. (d) Adverse Event or Complication from Abortion Procedure Report. - If a woman has an adverse event or complication related to a surgical abortion or abortion procedure, the physician or health care provider who performed the surgical abortion or abortion procedure or the physician who diagnosed or treated the woman for the adverse event or complication shall make a report of the adverse event or complication, including the diagnosis or treatment that was provided. A report under this subsection shall be transmitted to the Department within 15 days of the end of the month that the adverse event or complication occurred. (e) Additional Report Contents. - In addition to the information in subsection (b) of this section, a report made under subsection (c) or (d) of this section shall contain all of the following information: (1) The date the woman presented for treatment of the adverse event or complication. (2) The specific complication that led to the treatment, including any physical or psychological conditions, which, in the reasonable medical judgment of a physician or health care provider, arose as a primary or secondary result of an induced abortion. (3) Whether the woman obtained abortion-inducing drugs as a mail order or from a website, and, if so, information identifying the name of the source, website or URL address, and telemedicine provider. (f) Departmental Reports. - The Department shall prepare a comprehensive annual statistical report based upon the data gathered from reports under this Article. The report shall be made available to the public in a downloadable format. On or before October 1, 2023, and each October 1 thereafter, the Department shall submit the report to the Joint Legislative Oversight Committee on Health and Human Services. The Department shall also submit data and the annual report to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention for inclusion in the annual Vital Statistics Report. Original copies of reports shall be made available to the North Carolina Medical Board, the North Carolina Board of Pharmacy, State law enforcement offices, and the Division of Social Services for official use. (g) Identifying Information. - A report completed under this section shall not contain the woman's name, any common identifiers of the woman, or any other information that would make it possible to identify the woman subject to a report under this section, including the woman's social security number or drivers license identification number. The Department and any State agency or any contractor thereof shall not maintain statistical information that may reveal the identity of a woman obtaining or seeking to obtain a surgical or medical abortion. Absent a court order, the Department and any State agency or any contractor thereof shall not compare data concerning surgical or medical abortions or resulting complications maintained in an electronic or other information system file or format with data in any other format or information system in an effort to identify a woman obtaining or seeking to obtain a drug-induced abortion. (h) Communication of Information. - The Department shall communicate the reporting requirements of this Article to all medical professional organizations, licensed physicians, hospitals, emergency departments, clinics certified to perform abortion services under this Article, other clinics and facilities that provide health care services, and any other health care facility in this State.  (2023-14, s. 1.2; 2023-65, s. 14.1(j); 2025-25, s. 29(5).)
Source: North Carolina General Assembly (ncleg.gov)URL: https://www.ncleg.gov/EnactedLegislation/Statutes/HTML/ByChapter/Chapter_90.htmlFetched: 10/19/2026

Starting a business in North Carolina? North Carolina LLC guide: costs and requirements