Advance notices of potential infringement of works consisting of sounds, images, or both.
37 C.F.R. § 201.22
in effectEffective: 2024-07-01(a) Definitions. (1) An Advance Notice of Potential Infringement is a notice which, if served in accordance with section 411(c) of title 17 of the United States Code, and in accordance with the provisions of this section, enables a copyright owner to institute an action for copyright infringement either before or after the first fixation of a work consisting of sounds, images, or both that is first fixed simultaneously with its transmission, and to enjoy the full remedies of said title 17 for copyright infringement, provided registration for the work is made within three months after its first transmission.
(2) For purposes of this section, the copyright owner of a work consisting of sounds, images, or both, the first fixation of which is made simultaneously with its transmission, is the person or entity that will be considered the author of the work upon its fixation (including, in the case of a work made for hire, the employer or other person or entity for whom the work was prepared), or a person or organization that has obtained ownership of an exclusive right, initially owned by the person or entity that will be considered the author of the work upon its fixation.
(3) A transmission program is a body of material that, as an aggregate, has been produced for the sole purpose of transmission to the public in sequence and as a unit.
(b) Form. The Copyright Office does not provide printed forms for the use of persons serving Advance Notices of Potential Infringement.
(c) Contents. (1) An Advance Notice of Potential Infringement shall be clearly and prominently captioned “ADVANCE NOTICE OF POTENTIAL INFRINGEMENT” and must clearly state that the copyright owner objects to the relevant activities of the person responsible for the potential infringement, and must include all of the following:
(i) Reference to title 17 U.S.C. section 411(c) as the statutory authority on which the Advance Notice of Potential Infringement is based;
(ii) The date, specific time, and expected duration of the intended first transmission of the work or works contained in the specific transmission program;
(iii) The source of the intended first transmission of the work or works;
(iv) Clear identification, by title, of the work or works. A single Advance Notice of Potential Infringement may cover all of the works of the copyright owner embodied in a specific transmission program. If any work is untitled, the Advance Notice of Potential Infringement shall include a detailed description of that work;
(v) The name of at least one person or entity that will be considered the author of the work upon its fixation;
(vi) The identity of the copyright owner, as defined in paragraph (a)(2) of this section. If the copyright owner is not the person or entity that will be considered the author of the work upon its fixation, the Advance Notice of Potential Infringement also shall include a brief, general statement summarizing the means by which the copyright owner obtained ownership of the copyright and the particular rights that are owned; and
(vii) A description of the relevant activities of the person responsible for the potential infringement which would, if carried out, result in an infringement of the copyright.
(2) An Advance Notice of Potential Infringement must also include clear and prominent statements:
(i) Explaining that the relevant activities may, if carried out, subject the person responsible to liability for copyright infringement; and
(ii) Declaring that the copyright owner intends to secure copyright in the work upon its fixation.
(d) Signature and identification. (1) An Advance Notice of Potential Infringement shall be in writing and signed by the copyright owner, or such owner's duly authorized agent.
(2) The signature of the owner or agent shall be an actual handwritten signature of an individual, accompanied by the date of signature and the full name, address, and telephone number of that person, typewritten or printed legibly by hand.
(3) If an Advance Notice of Potential Infringement is initially served in the form of an email, fax, or similar communication, as provided by paragraph (e)(2)(iii) of this section, the requirement for an individual's handwritten signature shall be considered waived if the further conditions of said paragraph (e) are met.
(e) Service. (1) An Advance Notice of Potential Infringement shall be served on the person responsible for the potential infringement not less than 48 hours before the first fixation and simultaneous transmission of the work as provided by 17 U.S.C. 411(c)(1).
(2) Service of the Advance Notice may be effected by any of the following methods:
(i) Personal service;
(ii) First-class mail; or
(iii) Email, fax, or similar form of communication, if:
(A) The Advance Notice meets all of the other conditions provided by this section; and
(B) Before the first fixation and simultaneous transmission take place, the person responsible for the potential infringement receives written confirmation of the Advance Notice, bearing the actual handwritten signature of the copyright owner or duly authorized agent.
(3) The date of service is the date the Advance Notice of Potential Infringement is received by the person responsible for the potential infringement or by any agent or employee of that person.
Source: eCFRURL: https://www.ecfr.gov/api/versioner/v1/full/2024-07-01/title-37.xmlFetched: 7/26/2026