C.R.S. § 18-18-101 Short title
18-18-101. Short title. This article shall be known and may be cited as the "Uniform Controlled Substances Act of 2013".
Uniform Controlled Substances Act of 2013
C.R.S. tit. 18, art. 18
in effectC.R.S. § 18-18-102 Definitions
18-18-102. Definitions. As used in this article 18:
(1) "Administer", unless the context otherwise requires, means to apply a controlled substance, whether by injection, inhalation, ingestion, or any other means, directly to the body of a patient or research subject by:
(a) A practitioner (or, in the practitioner's presence, by the practitioner's authorized agent); or
(b) The patient or research subject at the direction and in the presence of the practitioner.
(2) "Agent" means an authorized person who acts on behalf of or at the direction of a person licensed or otherwise authorized under this article or under part 2 of article 80 of title 27, C.R.S. "Agent" does not include a common or contract carrier, a public warehouseman, or an employee of a carrier or warehouseman.
(3) (a) "Anabolic steroid" means any material, drug, hormonal compound, salt, isomer or salts of isomers of testosterone, or synthetic or natural derivatives of testosterone having pronounced anabolic properties which is used primarily to promote growth of muscle tissue, which includes, but is not limited to, any of the following:
(I) Boldenone;
(II) Chlorotestosterone;
(III) Clostebol;
(IV) Dehydrochlormethyltestosterone;
(V) Dihydrotestosterone;
(VI) Drostanolone;
(VII) Ethylestrenol;
(VIII) Fluoxymesterone;
(IX) Formebulone;
(X) Human chorionic gonadotropin;
(XI) Human growth hormone;
(XII) Mesterolone;
(XIII) Methandienone;
(XIV) Methandranone;
(XV) Methandriol;
(XVI) Methandrostenolone;
(XVII) Methenolone;
(XVIII) Methyltestosterone;
(XIX) Mibolerone;
(XX) Nandrolone;
(XXI) Norethandrolone;
(XXII) Oxandrolone;
(XXIII) Oxymesterone;
(XXIV) Oxymetholone;
(XXV) Stanolone;
(XXVI) Stanozolol;
(XXVII) Testolactone;
(XXVIII) Testosterone;
(XXIX) Trenbolone;
(XXX) Any salt, ester, or isomer of a drug or substance described or listed in this paragraph (a) if that salt, ester, or isomer promotes muscle growth.
(b) (I) Except as provided in subsection (3)(b)(II) of this section, "anabolic steroid" does not include human chorionic gonadotropin licensed for animal use only that is expressly intended for administration through implants or injection into cattle or other nonhuman species and that has been approved by the secretary of health and human services for such administration.
(II) If any person prescribes, dispenses, or distributes human chorionic gonadotropin licensed for animal use only, as described in subsection (3)(b)(I) of this section for human use, such person is considered to have prescribed, dispensed, or distributed an anabolic steroid within the meaning of subsection (3)(a) of this section.
(3.2) "Behavioral health administration" or "BHA" means the behavioral health administration established in section 27-50-102.
(3.5) (a) "Cathinones" means any synthetic or natural material containing any quantity of a cathinone chemical structure, including any analogs, salts, isomers, or salts of isomers of any synthetic or natural material containing a cathinone chemical structure, including but not limited to the following substances and any analogs, salts, isomers, or salts of isomers of any of the following substances:
(I) alpha-Phthalimidopropiophenone;
(II) N, N-Dimethylcathinone (Metamfepramone);
(III) N-Ethylcathinone (Ethcathinone);
(IV) alpha-Pyrrolidinopropiophenone (-PPP);
(V) 2-Methylamino-1-phenylbutan-1-one (Buphedrone);
(VI) alpha-Pyrrolidinobutiophenone (-PBP);
(VII) alpha-Pyrrolidinovalerophenone (-PVP, PVP);
(VIII) 4-Methylmethcathinone (4-MMC, Mephedrone);
(IX) 4'-Methyl-alpha-pyrrolidinopropiophenone (MePPP);
(X) 4'-Methyl-alpha-pyrrolidinobutiophenone (MPBP);
(XI) 4'-Methyl-alpha-pyrrolidinohexiophenone (MPHP);
(XII) 4-Methoxymethcathinone (PMMC, Methedrone, bk-PMMA);
(XIII) 4'-Methoxy-alpha-pyrrolidinopropiophenone (MOPPP);
(XIV) Fluoromethcathinone (4-FMC, Flephedrone, 3-FMC);
(XV) 3,4-Methylenedioxymethcathinone (methylone, bk-MDMA);
e);
(IX) 4'-Methyl-alpha-pyrrolidinopropiophenone (MePPP);
(X) 4'-Methyl-alpha-pyrrolidinobutiophenone (MPBP);
(XI) 4'-Methyl-alpha-pyrrolidinohexiophenone (MPHP);
(XII) 4-Methoxymethcathinone (PMMC, Methedrone, bk-PMMA);
(XIII) 4'-Methoxy-alpha-pyrrolidinopropiophenone (MOPPP);
(XIV) Fluoromethcathinone (4-FMC, Flephedrone, 3-FMC);
(XV) 3,4-Methylenedioxymethcathinone (methylone, bk-MDMA);
(XVI) 3,4-Methylenedioxyethcathinone (Ethylone, bk-MDEA);
(XVII) 3',4'-Methylenedioxy-alpha-pyrrolidinopropiophenone (MDPPP);
(XVIII) 2-Methylamino-1-(3,4-methylenedioxyphenyl)-1-butanone (Butylone, bk-MDBD);
(XIX) 3',4'-Methylenedioxy-alpha-pyrrolidinobutiophenone (MDPBP);
(XX) 2-Methylamino-1-(3,4-methylenedioxyphenyl)-1-cpentanone (bk-MBDP);
(XXI) 3,4-Methylenedioxypyrovalerone (MDPV);
(XXII) Naphthylpyrovalerone (Naphyrone);
(XXIII) 2-(Methylamino)-1-phenyl-1-pentanone Pentedrone);
(XXIV) N-methylethcathinone (4-MEC); and
(XXV) (S)-2-Amino-1-phenyl-1-propanone (cathinone).
(b) "Cathinones" does not include diethylproprion or buproprion.
(c) As used in this subsection (3.5), "analog" means any chemical that is substantially similar in chemical structure to the chemical structure of any cathinones.
(4) "Cocaine" means coca leaves, except coca leaves and extracts of coca leaves from which cocaine, ecgonine, and derivatives of ecgonine or their salts have been removed; cocaine, its salts, optical and geometric isomers, and salts of isomers; ecgonine, its derivatives, their salts, isomers, and salts of isomers; or any compound, mixture, or preparation which contains any quantity of any of the substances referred to in this subsection (4).
(5) "Controlled substance" means a drug, substance, or immediate precursor included in schedules I through V of part 2 of this article, including cocaine, marijuana, marijuana concentrate, cathinones, any synthetic cannabinoid, and salvia divinorum.
(6) (a) "Controlled substance analog" means a substance the chemical structure of which is substantially similar to the chemical structure of a controlled substance in or added to schedule I or II and:
(I) Which has a stimulant, depressant, or hallucinogenic effect on the central nervous system substantially similar to the stimulant, depressant, or hallucinogenic effect on the central nervous system of a controlled substance included in schedule I or II; or
(II) With respect to a particular individual, which the individual represents or intends to have a stimulant, depressant, or hallucinogenic effect on the central nervous system substantially similar to the stimulant, depressant, or hallucinogenic effect on the central nervous system of a controlled substance included in schedule I or II.
(b) The term does not include:
(I) A controlled substance;
(II) A substance for which there is an approved drug application, so long as such substance is in its intended and unconverted form;
(III) A substance with respect to which an exemption is in effect for investigational use by a particular person under section 505 of the "Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act", 21 U.S.C. sec. 355, to the extent conduct with respect to the substance is pursuant to the exemption; or
(IV) Any substance to the extent not intended for human consumption before an exemption takes effect with respect to the substance.
(7) "Deliver" or "delivery", unless the context otherwise requires, means to transfer or attempt to transfer a substance, actually or constructively, from one person to another, whether or not there is an agency relationship.
(8) Repealed.
(9) "Dispense" means to deliver a controlled substance to an ultimate user, patient, or research subject by or pursuant to the lawful order of a practitioner, including the prescribing, administering, packaging, labeling, or compounding necessary to prepare the substance for that delivery.
(10) "Dispenser" means a practitioner who dispenses.
or not there is an agency relationship.
(8) Repealed.
(9) "Dispense" means to deliver a controlled substance to an ultimate user, patient, or research subject by or pursuant to the lawful order of a practitioner, including the prescribing, administering, packaging, labeling, or compounding necessary to prepare the substance for that delivery.
(10) "Dispenser" means a practitioner who dispenses.
(11) "Distribute" means to deliver other than by administering or dispensing a controlled substance, with or without remuneration.
(12) "Distributor" means a person who distributes.
(13) (a) "Drug" means:
(I) Substances recognized as drugs in the official United States pharmacopoeia, national formulary, or the official homeopathic pharmacopoeia of the United States, or any supplement to any of them;
(II) Substances intended for use in the diagnosis, cure, mitigation, treatment, or prevention of disease in individuals or animals;
(III) Substances (other than food) intended to affect the structure or any function of the body of individuals or animals; and
(IV) Substances intended for use as a component of any substance specified in subparagraph (I), (II), or (III) of this paragraph (a).
(b) The term does not include devices or their components, parts, or accessories.
(14) "Drug enforcement administration" means the drug enforcement administration in the United States department of justice, or its successor agency.
(14.5) "Enclosed" means a permanent or semi-permanent area covered and surrounded on all sides. Temporary opening of windows or doors or the temporary removal of wall or ceiling panels does not convert the area into an unenclosed space.
(15) "Immediate precursor" means a substance which is a principal compound commonly used or produced primarily for use, and which is an immediate chemical intermediary used, or likely to be used, in the manufacture of a controlled substance, the control of which is necessary to prevent, curtail, or limit manufacture.
(16) "Isomer" means an optical isomer, but in paragraph (e) of subsection (20) of this section and sections 18-18-203 (2)(a)(XII) and (2)(a)(XXXIV) and 18-18-204 (2)(a)(IV) the term includes a geometric isomer; in sections 18-18-203 (2)(a)(VIII) and (2)(a)(XLII) and 18-18-206 (2)(c) the term includes a positional isomer; and in sections 18-18-206 (2)(b)(XXXV) and (2)(c) and 18-18-205 (2)(a) the term includes any positional or geometric isomer.
(16.5) "Locked space" means secured at all points of ingress or egress with a locking mechanism designed to limit access such as with a key or combination lock.
(17) "Manufacture" means to produce, prepare, propagate, compound, convert, or process a controlled substance, directly or indirectly, by extraction from substances of natural origin, chemical synthesis, or a combination of extraction and chemical synthesis, and includes any packaging or repackaging of the substance or labeling or relabeling of its container. The term does not include the preparation, compounding, packaging, repackaging, labeling, or relabeling of a controlled substance:
(a) By a practitioner as an incident to the practitioner's administering or dispensing of a controlled substance in the course of the practitioner's professional practice; or
des any packaging or repackaging of the substance or labeling or relabeling of its container. The term does not include the preparation, compounding, packaging, repackaging, labeling, or relabeling of a controlled substance:
(a) By a practitioner as an incident to the practitioner's administering or dispensing of a controlled substance in the course of the practitioner's professional practice; or
(b) By a practitioner, or by the practitioner's authorized agent under the practitioner's supervision, for the purpose of, or as an incident to, research, teaching, or chemical analysis and not for sale.
(18) (a) "Marijuana" means all parts of the plant cannabis sativa L., whether growing or not, the seeds thereof, the resin extracted from any part of the plant, and every compound, manufacture, salt, derivative, mixture, or preparation of the plant, its seeds, or its resin. It does not include fiber produced from the stalks, oil, or cake made from the seeds of the plant, or sterilized seed of the plant which is incapable of germination if these items exist apart from any other item defined as "marijuana" in this subsection (18). "Marijuana" does not include marijuana concentrate as defined in subsection (19) of this section or prescription drug products approved by the federal food and drug administration and dispensed by a pharmacy or prescription drug outlet registered by the state of Colorado.
(b) Nothing in this subsection (18) or any other provision of law shall restrict or otherwise affect regulation of or access to:
(I) Marijuana that is authorized under sections 14 and 16 of article XVIII of the Colorado constitution and articles 11 and 12 of title 44; or
(II) Industrial hemp and derivatives therefrom, as authorized by section 16 of article XVIII of the Colorado constitution and article 61 of title 35.
(c) House Bill 18-1295, enacted in 2018, does not allow an entity with federal drug administration approval or its agent to initiate criminal, civil, or administrative proceedings to prevent the nonpharmaceutical production, sale, or distribution of naturally occurring cannabinoid or cannabinoid extracts or restrict the nonpharmaceutical production, sale, or distribution of naturally occurring cannabinoid or cannabinoid extracts.
(19) "Marijuana concentrate" means hashish, tetrahydrocannabinols, or any alkaloid, salt, derivative, preparation, compound, or mixture, whether natural or synthesized, of tetrahydrocannabinols.
(20) "Narcotic drug" means any of the following, however manufactured:
(a) Opium, opium derivative, and any derivative of either including any salts, isomers, and salts of isomers of them that are theoretically possible within the specific chemical designation, but not isoquinoline alkaloids of opium;
(b) Synthetic opiate and any derivative of synthetic opiate, including any isomers, esters, ethers, salts, and salts of isomers, esters, and ethers, of them that are theoretically possible within the specific chemical designation;
(c) Poppy straw and concentrate of poppy straw;
(d) Coca leaves, except coca leaves and extracts of coca leaves from which cocaine, ecgonine, and derivatives of ecgonine or their salts have been removed;
(e) Cocaine, or any salt, isomer, or salt of isomer of cocaine;
(f) Cocaine base;
(g) Ecgonine, or any derivative, salt, isomer, or salt of isomer of ecgonine;
(h) Any compound, mixture, or preparation containing any quantity of a substance listed in this subsection (20).
(20.3) (a) "Open" or "openly" means observable by the public or a substantial number of the public.
(b) "Public" or "publicly" means a place to which the public or a substantial number of the public has access without restriction, including but not limited to streets and highways, transportation facilities, places of amusement, parks, playgrounds, and the common areas of buildings and other facilities.
(a) "Open" or "openly" means observable by the public or a substantial number of the public.
(b) "Public" or "publicly" means a place to which the public or a substantial number of the public has access without restriction, including but not limited to streets and highways, transportation facilities, places of amusement, parks, playgrounds, and the common areas of buildings and other facilities.
(c) "Open and public" or "openly and publicly" does not include any activity occurring on private residential property by the occupant or his or her guests.
(21) "Opiate" means a substance having an addiction-forming or addiction-sustaining liability similar to morphine or being capable of conversion into a drug having addiction-forming or addiction-sustaining liability. The term includes opium, opium derivatives, and synthetic opiates. The term does not include, unless specifically scheduled as a controlled substance under section 18-18-201, the dextrorotatory isomer of 3-methoxy-n-methylmorphinan and its salts (dextromethorphan). The term includes the racemic and levorotatory forms of dextromethorphan.
(22) "Opium poppy" means the plant of the species Papaver somniferum L., except its seeds.
(23) "Order" means:
(a) A prescription order which is any order, other than a chart order, authorizing the dispensing of drugs or devices that is written, mechanically produced, computer generated, transmitted electronically or by facsimile, or produced by other means of communication by a practitioner and that includes the name or identification of the patient, the date, the symptom or purpose for which the drug is being prescribed, if included by the practitioner at the patient's authorization, and sufficient information for compounding, dispensing, and labeling; or
(b) A chart order which is an order for inpatient drugs or medications to be dispensed by a pharmacist, or pharmacy intern under the direct supervision of a pharmacist, which is to be administered by an authorized person only during the patient's stay in a hospital facility. It shall contain the name of the patient and of the medicine ordered and such directions as the practitioner may prescribe concerning strength, dosage, frequency, and route of administration.
(24) "Peace officer" shall have the same meaning as set forth in section 16-2.5-101, C.R.S.
(25) "Person" means an individual, corporation, business trust, estate, trust, partnership, association, joint venture, government or governmental subdivision or agency, or any other legal or commercial entity.
(26) "Peyote" means all parts of the plant presently classified botanically as lophophora williamsii lemaire, whether growing or not, the seeds thereof, any extraction from any part of such plant, and every compound, manufacture, salt, derivative, mixture, or preparation of such plant or its seeds or extracts.
(27) "Pharmacy" means a prescription drug outlet as defined in section 12-280-103 (43).
(28) "Poppy straw" means all parts, except the seeds, of the opium poppy, after mowing.
(29) "Practitioner" means a physician, podiatrist, dentist, optometrist, veterinarian, researcher, pharmacist, pharmacy, hospital, or other person licensed, registered, or otherwise permitted, by this state, to distribute, dispense, conduct research with respect to, administer, or to use in teaching or chemical analysis, a controlled substance in the course of professional practice or research.
(30) "Production", unless the context otherwise requires, includes the manufacturing of a controlled substance and the planting, cultivating, growing, or harvesting of a plant from which a controlled substance is derived.
(31) "Remuneration" means anything of value, including money, real property, tangible and intangible personal property, contract rights, choses in action, services, and any rights of use or employment or promises or agreements connected therewith.
manufacturing of a controlled substance and the planting, cultivating, growing, or harvesting of a plant from which a controlled substance is derived.
(31) "Remuneration" means anything of value, including money, real property, tangible and intangible personal property, contract rights, choses in action, services, and any rights of use or employment or promises or agreements connected therewith.
(32) "Researcher" means any person licensed by the BHA pursuant to this article 18 to experiment with, study, or test any controlled substance within this state and includes analytical laboratories.
(33) "Sale" means a barter, an exchange, or a gift, or an offer therefor, and each such transaction made by any person, whether as the principal, proprietor, agent, servant, or employee.
(33.5) "Salvia divinorum" means salvia divinorum, salvinorin A, and any part of the plant classified as salvia divinorum, whether growing or not, including the seeds thereof, any extract from any part of the plant, and any compound, manufacture, salts, derivative, mixture, or preparation of the plant, its seeds, or its extracts.
(34) "State", unless the context otherwise requires, means a state of the United States, the District of Columbia, the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, or a territory or insular possession subject to the jurisdiction of the United States.
(34.5) (a) "Synthetic cannabinoid" means any chemical compound that is chemically synthesized and either:
(I) Has been demonstrated to have binding activity at one or more cannabinoid receptors; or
(II) Is a chemical analog or isomer of a compound that has been demonstrated to have binding activity at one or more cannabinoid receptors.
(b) "Synthetic cannabinoid" includes but is not limited to the following substances:
(I) HU-210: (6aR, 10aR)-9-(hydroxymethyl)-6, 6-dimethyl-3-(2-methyloctan-2-yl)-6a,7,10,10a-tetrahydrobenzo[c]chromen-1-ol;
(II) HU-211: dexanabinol, (6aS, 10aS)-9-(hydroxymethyl)-6, 6-dimethyl-3-(2- methyloctan-2-yl)-6a, 7, 10, 10a-tetrahydrobenzo[c]chromen-1-ol;
(III) JWH-018: 1-pentyl-3-(1-naphthoyl)indole;
(IV) JWH-073: 1-butyl-3-(1-naphthoyl)indole;
(V) JWH-081: 1-pentyl-3-(4-methoxy-1-napthoyl)indole, also known as 4- methoxynapthalen-1-yl-(1-pentylindol-3-yl)methanone;
(VI) JWH-200: 1-[2-(4-morpholinyl)ethyl]-3-(1-napthoyl)indole;
(VII) JWH-250: 1-pentyl-3-(2-methoxyphenylacetyl)indole, also known as 2-(2- methoxyphenyl)-1-(1- pentylindol-3-yl)ethanone; and
(VIII) CP 47, 497, and homologues: 2-[(1R, 3S)-3-hydroxycyclohexyl]-5-(2- methyloctan-2-yl)phenol.
(c) "Synthetic cannabinoid" does not mean:
(I) Any tetrahydrocannabinols, as defined in subsection (35) of this section; or
(II) Nabilone.
(d) As used in this subsection (34.5), "analog" means any chemical that is substantially similar in chemical structure to a chemical compound that has been determined to have binding activity at one or more cannabinoid receptors.
(35) (a) "Tetrahydrocannabinols" means synthetic equivalents of the substances contained in the plant, or in the resinous extractives of, cannabis, sp., or synthetic substances, derivatives, and their isomers with similar chemical structure and pharmacological activity, such as the following:
(I) 1Cis or trans tetrahydrocannabinol, and their optical isomers;
(II) 6Cis or trans tetrahydrocannabinol, and their optical isomers;
(III) 3,4Cis or trans tetrahydrocannabinol, and their optical isomers.
(b) Since the nomenclature of the substances listed in paragraph (a) of this subsection (35) is not internationally standardized, compounds of these structures, regardless of the numerical designation of atomic positions, are included in this definition.
(36) "Ultimate user" means an individual who lawfully possesses a controlled substance for the individual's own use or for the use of a member of the individual's household or for administering to an animal owned by the individual or by a member of the individual's household.
C.R.S. § 18-18-103 Special definition - board
18-18-103. Special definition - board. As used in parts 1 and 2 of this article 18, "board" means the state board of pharmacy. As used in parts 3, 4, 5, and 6 of this article 18, "board" means the respective licensing board responsible for licensing and registering practitioners or other persons who are subject to registration pursuant to part 3 of this article 18. For physicians the respective board is the Colorado medical board; for podiatrists the respective board is the Colorado podiatry board; for dentists the respective board is the Colorado dental board; for optometrists the respective board is the state board of optometry; for pharmacists and pharmacies the respective board is the state board of pharmacy; for veterinarians the respective board is the state board of veterinary medicine; and for manufacturers, distributors, and animal shelters, as defined in section 35-80-102, the respective board is the state board of pharmacy.
C.R.S. § 18-18-201 Authority to control
18-18-201. Authority to control. The board shall administer this part 2 and the general assembly, by bill, may add substances to or delete or reschedule substances listed in section 18-18-203, 18-18-204, 18-18-205, 18-18-206, or 18-18-207.
C.R.S. § 18-18-202 Nomenclature
18-18-202. Nomenclature. The controlled substances listed in or to be added to the schedules in sections 18-18-203, 18-18-204, 18-18-205, 18-18-206, and 18-18-207 are listed or added by any official, common, usual, chemical, or trade name used.
C.R.S. § 18-18-203 Schedule I
18-18-203. Schedule I. (1) A substance shall be added to schedule I by the general assembly when:
(a) The substance has high potential for abuse;
(b) The substance has no currently accepted medical use in treatment in the United States; and
(c) The substance lacks accepted safety for use under medical supervision.
(2) Unless specifically excepted by Colorado or federal law or Colorado or federal regulation or more specifically included in another schedule, the following controlled substances are listed in schedule I:
(a) Any of the following synthetic opiates, including any isomers, esters, ethers, salts, and salts of isomers, esters, and ethers of them that are theoretically possible within the specific chemical designation:
(I) Acetyl-alpha-methylfentanyl (N-[1-(1-methyl-2-phenethyl)-4-piperidinyl ] -N- phenylacetamide);
(II) Acetylmethadol;
(III) Allylprodine;
(IV) Alphacetylmethadol;
(V) Alphameprodine;
(VI) Alphamethadol;
(VII) Alpha-methylfentanyl (N-[1-(alpha-methyl-beta-phenyl) ethyl-4-piperidyl] propionanilide; 1-(1-methyl-2-phenylethyl)- 4-(N-propanilido) piperidine);
(VIII) Alpha-methylthiofentanyl (N-[1-methyl-2-(2-thienyl) ethyl-4-piperidinyl]-N-phenylpropanamide);
(IX) Benzethidine;
(X) Betacetylmethadol;
(XI) Beta-hydroxyfentanyl (N-[1-(2-hydroxy-2-phenethyl)-4- piperidinyl]-N-phenylpropanamide);
(XII) Beta-hydroxy-3-methylfentanyl (other name: N-[1-(2-hydroxy-2-phenethyl)-3-methyl-4-piperidinyl-] N-phenylpropanamide);
(XIII) Betameprodine;
(XIV) Betamethadol;
(XV) Betaprodine;
(XVI) Clonitazene;
(XVII) Dextromoramide;
(XVIII) Diampromide;
(XIX) Diethylthiambutene;
(XX) Difenoxin;
(XXI) Dimenoxadol;
(XXII) Dimepheptanol;
(XXIII) Dimethylthiambutene;
(XXIV) Dioxaphetyl butyrate;
(XXV) Dipipanone;
(XXVI) Ethylmethylthiambutene;
(XXVII) Etonitazene;
(XXVIII) Etoxeridine;
(XXIX) Furethidine;
(XXX) Hydroxypethidine;
(XXXI) Ketobemidone;
(XXXII) Levomoramide;
(XXXIII) Levophenacylmorphan;
(XXXIV) 3-methylfentanyl (N-[3-methyl-1-(2- phenylethyl)-4-piperidyl]-N-phenylpropanamide);
(XXXV) 3-methylthiofentanyl (N-[3-methyl-1-(2- thienyl)ethyl-4-piperidinyl]-N-phenylpropanamide);
(XXXVI) Morpheridine;
(XXXVII) MPPP (1-methyl-4-phenyl-4-propionoxypiperidine);
(XXXVIII) Noracymethadol;
(XXXIX) Norlevorphanol;
(XL) Normethadone;
(XLI) Norpipanone;
(XLII) Para-fluorofentanyl (N-(4-fluorophenyl)-N- [1-(2-phenethyl) -4-piperidinyl]-propanamide);
(XLIII) PEPAP (1-(-2-phenethyl)-4-phenyl- 4-acetoxypiperidine);
(XLIV) Phenadoxone;
(XLV) Phenampromide;
(XLVI) Phenomorphan;
(XLVII) Phenoperidine;
(XLVIII) Piritramide;
(XLIX) Proheptazine;
(L) Properidine;
(LI) Propiram;
(LII) Racemoramide;
(LIII) Thiofentanyl (N-phenyl-N-[1-(2- thienyl) ethyl-4-piperidinyl]-propanamide);
(LIV) Tilidine;
(LV) Trimeperidine.
(b) Any of the following opium derivatives, including their salts, isomers, and salts of isomers of them that are theoretically possible within the specific chemical designation:
(I) Acetorphine;
(II) Acetyldihydrocodeine;
(III) Benzylmorphine;
(IV) Codeine methylbromide;
(V) Codeine-N-Oxide;
(VI) Cyprenorphine;
(VII) Desomorphine;
(VIII) Dihydromorphine;
(IX) Drotebanol;
(X) Etorphine, except hydrochloride salt;
(XI) Heroin;
(XII) Hydromorphinol;
(XIII) Methyldesorphine;
(XIV) Methyldihydromorphine;
(XV) Morphine methylbromide;
(XVI) Morphine methylsulfonate;
(XVII) Morphine-N-Oxide;
(XVIII) Myrophine;
(XIX) Nicocodeine;
(XX) Nicomorphine;
(XXI) Normorphine;
(XXII) Pholcodine;
(XXIII) Thebacon.
Desomorphine;
(VIII) Dihydromorphine;
(IX) Drotebanol;
(X) Etorphine, except hydrochloride salt;
(XI) Heroin;
(XII) Hydromorphinol;
(XIII) Methyldesorphine;
(XIV) Methyldihydromorphine;
(XV) Morphine methylbromide;
(XVI) Morphine methylsulfonate;
(XVII) Morphine-N-Oxide;
(XVIII) Myrophine;
(XIX) Nicocodeine;
(XX) Nicomorphine;
(XXI) Normorphine;
(XXII) Pholcodine;
(XXIII) Thebacon.
(c) Any material, compound, mixture, or preparation containing any quantity of the following hallucinogenic substances, including any salts, isomers, and salts of isomers of them that are theoretically possible within the specific chemical designation:
(I) 4-bromo-2, 5-dimethoxy-amphetamine (Some trade or other names: 4-bromo-2, 5-dimethoxy-alpha- methylphenethylamine; 4-bromo-2, 5-DMA.);
(II) 2,5-dimethoxyamphetamine (Some trade or other names: 2,5-dimethoxy-alpha-methylphenethylamine; 2,5-DMA.);
(II.5) 2,5-Dimethoxy-4-ethylamphetamine (DOET);
(III) 4-methoxyamphetamine (Some trade or other names: 4-methoxy-alpha-methylphenethylamine; paramethoxyamphetamine, PMA.);
(IV) 5-methoxy-3,4-methylenedioxy amphetamine;
(IV.5) 5-methoxy-N, N-diisopropyltryptamine (5-MeO-DiPT);
(V) 4-methyl-2,5-dimethoxy-amphetamine (Some trade and other names: 4-methyl-2,5-dimethoxy-alpha- methylphenethylamine; DOM; and STP.);
(VI) 3,4-methylenedioxy amphetamine;
(VII) 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA); except that 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) does not include a prescription drug product containing 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) approved by the federal food and drug administration and placed on a schedule of the federal "Controlled Substances Act", 21 U.S.C. sec. 801 et seq., as amended, other than schedule I, or has been exempted from one or more provisions of such act, and that is intended for prescribed use and dispensed by a pharmacy or prescription drug outlet registered by the state of Colorado and only possessed by a person authorized to possess a controlled substance pursuant to section 18-18-302. Any such drug product containing MDMA that is approved by the federal food and drug administration must be controlled in Colorado in the same manner as required by any federal control designation pursuant to the federal "Controlled Substances Act", or any exemption from one or more provisions of that act, and subject to the provisions set forth in part 1 of article 280 of title 12 and part 3 of this article 18. Nothing in this section exempts a person from any violation of part 4 of this article 18.
(VIII) 3,4,5-trimethoxy amphetamine;
(VIII.5) Alpha-methyltryptamine (AMT);
(IX) Bufotenine (Some trade and other names: 3-(beta-Dimethylaminoethyl)-5-hydroxyindole; 3-(2- dimethylaminoethyl)-5-indolol; N, N-dimethylserotonin; 5-hydroxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine; mappine.);
(X) Diethyltryptamine (Some trade or other names: N,N-Diethyltryptamine; DET.);
(XI) Dimethyltryptamine (Some trade or other names: DMT.);
(XII) Ibogaine (Some trade and other names: (7-Ethyl-6,6B,7,8,9,10,12,13-octahydro-2- methoxy-6,9-methano-5H-pyrido [1', 2':1,2] azepine [5,4- b] indole; Tabernanthe iboga.);
(XIII) Lysergic acid diethylamide;
(XIV) Mescaline;
(XV) Parahexyl (Some trade or other names: 3-Hexyl-1-hydroxy-7,8,9,10-tetrahydro-6,6,9- trimethyl-6H-dibenzo[b,d]pyran; Synhexyl.);
(XVI) Peyote (Meaning all parts of the plant classified botanically as Lophophora williamsii Lemaire, whether growing or not, its seeds, any extract from any part of the plant, and every compound, salt, derivative, mixture, or preparation of the plant, or its seeds or extracts);
(XVII) N-ethyl MDA;
(XVIII) N-ethyl-3-piperidyl benzilate;
(XIX) N-hydroxy MDA;
(XX) N-methyl-3-piperidyl benzilate;
(XXI) Psilocybin;
(XXII) Psilocyn;
(XXIII) Tetrahydrocannabinols;
(XXIV) Ethylamine analog of phencyclidine (Some trade or other names: N-ethyl-1- phenylcyclohexylamine, (1-phenylcyclohexyl) ethylamine, N-(1-phenylcyclohexl) ethylamine, cyclohexamine, PCE.);
ds or extracts);
(XVII) N-ethyl MDA;
(XVIII) N-ethyl-3-piperidyl benzilate;
(XIX) N-hydroxy MDA;
(XX) N-methyl-3-piperidyl benzilate;
(XXI) Psilocybin;
(XXII) Psilocyn;
(XXIII) Tetrahydrocannabinols;
(XXIV) Ethylamine analog of phencyclidine (Some trade or other names: N-ethyl-1- phenylcyclohexylamine, (1-phenylcyclohexyl) ethylamine, N-(1-phenylcyclohexl) ethylamine, cyclohexamine, PCE.);
(XXV) Pyrrolidine analog of phencyclidine (Some trade or other names: 1-(1-phenylcyclohexyl)- pyrrolidine, PCPy, PHP.);
(XXVI) Thiophene analog of phencyclidine (Some trade or other names: 1-]1-(2-thienyl)-cyclohexyl- piperidine, 2-thienyl analog of phencyclidine, TPCP, TCP.);
(XXVII) TCPy.
(d) Any material, compound, mixture, or preparation containing any quantity of the following substances having a depressant effect on the central nervous system, including any salts, isomers, and salts of isomers of them that are theoretically possible within the specific chemical designation:
(I) Mecloqualone;
(II) Methaqualone.
(e) Any material, compound, mixture, or preparation containing any quantity of the following substances having a stimulant effect on the central nervous system, including their salts, isomers, and salts of isomers:
(I) Repealed.
(II) Fenethylline;
(III) Methcathinone;
(IV) N-ethylamphetamine;
(V) (+) Cis-4-methylaminorex;
(VI) N,N-dimethylamphetamine.
(f) Any material, compound, mixture, or preparation containing any quantity of gamma hydroxybutyrate [GHB], including its salts, isomers, and salts of isomers.
(g) Any material, compound, mixture, or preparation which is a controlled substance analog, the chemical structure of which is substantially similar to the chemical structure of a controlled substance listed in this subsection (2) or that was specifically designed to produce an effect substantially similar to or greater than the effect of a controlled substance listed in this subsection (2), all or part of which is intended for human consumption.
(h) Any material, compound, mixture, or preparation containing any quantity of N-benzylpiperazine (BZP), including its salts, isomers, and salts of isomers.
C.R.S. § 18-18-204 Schedule II
18-18-204. Schedule II. (1) A substance shall be added to schedule II by the general assembly when:
(a) The substance has high potential for abuse;
(b) The substance has currently accepted medical use in treatment in the United States, or currently accepted medical use with severe restrictions; and
(c) The abuse of the substance may lead to severe psychological or physical dependence.
(2) Unless specifically excepted by Colorado or federal law or Colorado or federal regulation or more specifically included in another schedule, the following controlled substances are listed in schedule II:
(a) Any of the following substances, however manufactured:
(I) Opium and opium derivative, and any salt, compound, derivative, or preparation of opium or opium derivative, excluding apomorphine, dextrorphan, nalbuphine, butorphanol, nalmefene, naloxone, and naltrexone, but including:
(A) Raw opium;
(B) Opium extracts;
(C) Opium fluid;
(D) Powdered opium;
(E) Granulated opium;
(F) Tincture of opium;
(G) Codeine;
(H) Ethylmorphine;
(I) Etorphine hydrochloride;
(J) Hydrocodone;
(K) Hydromorphone;
(L) Metopon;
(M) Morphine;
(N) Oxycodone;
(O) Oxymorphone;
(P) Thebaine.
(II) Any salt, compound, derivative, or preparation that is chemically equivalent or identical with any of the substances listed in subparagraph (I) of this paragraph (a), but not isoquinoline alkaloids of opium;
(III) Opium poppy and poppy straw;
(IV) Coca leaves and any salt, compound, derivative, or preparation of coca leaves, including cocaine and ecgonine and their salts, isomers, derivatives, and salts of isomers and derivatives, and any salt, compound, derivative, or preparation that is chemically equivalent or identical with any of these substances, but not including decocainized coca leaves or extractions of coca leaves which do not contain cocaine or ecgonine;
(V) Concentrate of poppy straw (the crude extract of poppy straw in either liquid, solid, or powder form which contains the phenanthrene alkaloids of the opium poppy).
(b) Any of the following synthetic opiates, including any isomers, esters, ethers, salts, and salts of isomers, esters, and ethers of them that are theoretically possible within the specific chemical designation:
(I) Alfentanil;
(II) Alphaprodine;
(III) Anileridine;
(IV) Benzitramide;
(V) Carfentanil;
(VI) Dihydrocodeine;
(VII) Diphenoxylate;
(VIII) Fentanyl;
(IX) Isomethadone;
(IX.5) Levo-alphacetylmethadol;
(X) Levomethorphan;
(XI) Levorphanol;
(XII) Metazocine;
(XIII) Methadone;
(XIV) Methadone - Intermediate, 4-cyano-2- dimethylamino-4, 4-diphenyl butane;
(XV) Moramide - Intermediate, 2-methyl-3-morpholino-1, 1-diphenylpropane-carboxylic acid;
(XVI) Pethidine (meperidine);
(XVII) Pethidine - Intermediate-A, 4-cyano-1- methyl-4-phenylpiperidine;
(XVIII) Pethidine - Intermediate-B, ethyl-4- phenylpiperidine-4-carboxylate;
(XIX) Pethidine - Intermediate-C, 1-methyl- 4-phenylpiperidine-4-carboxylic acid;
(XX) Phenazocine;
(XXI) Piminodine;
(XXII) Propoxyphene (non-dosage forms);
(XXIII) Racemethorphan;
(XXIV) Racemorphan;
(XXV) Sufentanil.
(c) Any material, compound, mixture, or preparation containing any quantity of the following substances, their salts, isomers, or salts of isomers, having a stimulant effect on the central nervous system:
(I) Amphetamine;
(II) Methamphetamine;
(III) Phenmetrazine;
(IV) Methylphenidate.
(d) Any material, compound, mixture, or preparation containing any quantity of the following substances having a depressant effect on the central nervous system, including any salts, isomers, and salts of isomers of them that are theoretically possible within the specific chemical designation:
(I) Amobarbital;
(II) Pentobarbital;
(III) Phencyclidine;
(IV) Secobarbital;
(V) Glutethimide.
(e) (I) Repealed.
(II) Nabilone [Another name for nabilone: (+) trans-3-(1,1-demethylheptyl)-6,6a,7,8,10, 10a-hexahydro- 1-hydroxy-6,6-dimethyl-9Hdibenzo [b,d] pyran-9-one].
g any salts, isomers, and salts of isomers of them that are theoretically possible within the specific chemical designation:
(I) Amobarbital;
(II) Pentobarbital;
(III) Phencyclidine;
(IV) Secobarbital;
(V) Glutethimide.
(e) (I) Repealed.
(II) Nabilone [Another name for nabilone: (+) trans-3-(1,1-demethylheptyl)-6,6a,7,8,10, 10a-hexahydro- 1-hydroxy-6,6-dimethyl-9Hdibenzo [b,d] pyran-9-one].
(f) Any material, compound, mixture, or preparation containing any quantity of the following substances:
(I) Immediate precursor to amphetamine and methamphetamine: phenylacetone (Some trade or other names: phenyl-2-propanone; P2P; benzyl methyl ketone; methyl benzyl ketone.), ephedrine, alpha-phenylacetoacetonitrile, phenylacetic acid, and 1-phenyl-2-nitropropene;
(II) Immediate precursors to phencyclidine:
(A) 1-phenylcyclohexylamine;
(B) 1-piperidinocyclohexanecarbonitrile (PCC);
(C) Piperdine;
(D) Morpholine;
(E) Pyrrolidine;
(III) Remifentanil hydrochloride.
(g) Unless specifically excepted or unless listed in another schedule, any material, compound, mixture, or preparation which is a controlled substance analog, as defined in section 18-18-102 (6), the chemical structure of which is substantially similar to the chemical structure of a controlled substance in schedule II of this part 2 or that was specifically designed to produce an effect substantially similar to or greater than the effect of a controlled substance in schedule II of this part 2, all or part of which is intended for human consumption, shall be treated for the purposes of this article as a controlled substance in schedule II of this part 2.
C.R.S. § 18-18-205 Schedule III
18-18-205. Schedule III. (1) A substance shall be added to schedule III by the general assembly when:
(a) The substance has a potential for abuse less than the substances included in schedules I and II;
(b) The substance has currently accepted medical use in treatment in the United States; and
(c) The abuse of the substance may lead to moderate or low physical dependence or high psychological dependence.
(2) Unless specifically excepted by Colorado or federal law, or Colorado or federal regulation, or more specifically included in another schedule, the following controlled substances are listed in schedule III:
(a) Any material, compound, mixture, or preparation containing any quantity of the following substances having a stimulant effect on the central nervous system, including any salts, isomers, and salts of isomers of them that are theoretically possible within the specific chemical designation:
(I) Any compound, mixture, or preparation in dosage unit form containing any stimulant substance included in schedule II and which was listed as an excepted compound on August 25, 1971, pursuant to the federal "Controlled Substances Act", and any other drug of the quantative composition shown in that list for those drugs or which is the same except for containing a lesser quantity of controlled substances;
(II) Benzphetamine;
(III) Chlorphentermine;
(IV) Clortermine;
(V) Phendimetrazine.
(b) Any material, compound, mixture, or preparation containing any quantity of the following substances having a depressant effect on the central nervous system:
(I) Any compound, mixture, or preparation containing any of the following drugs or their salts and one or more other active medicinal ingredients not included in any schedule:
(A) Amobarbital;
(B) Secobarbital;
(C) Pentobarbital;
(II) Any of the following drugs, or their salts, in suppository dosage form, approved by the federal food and drug administration for marketing only as a suppository:
(A) Amobarbital;
(B) Secobarbital;
(C) Pentobarbital;
(III) Any substance containing any quantity of a derivative of barbituric acid, or any salt of a derivative of barbituric acid;
(IV) Chlorhexadol;
(V) Lysergic acid;
(VI) Lysergic acid amide;
(VII) Methyprylon;
(VIII) Sulfondiethylmethane;
(IX) Sulfonethylmethane;
(X) Sulfonmethane;
(XI) Tiletamine and zolazepam or any of their salts (Some trade or other names for a tiletamine-zolazepam combination product: Telazol. Some trade or other names for tiletamine: 2-(ethylamino)-2-(2- thienyl)-cyclohexanone. Some trade or other names for zolazepam: 4-(2-fluorophenyl)-6,8-dihydro-1,3,8-trimethylpyrazolo-[3,4-e] [1,4]-diazepin-7(1H)-one. flupyrazapon.).
(c) Nalorphine;
(d) Any material, compound, mixture, or preparation containing any of the following narcotic drugs, or their salts calculated as the free anhydrous base or alkaloid, in limited quantities as follows:
(I) Not more than 1.8 grams of codeine per 100 milliliters or not more than 90 milligrams per dosage unit, with an equal or greater quantity of an isoquinoline alkaloid of opium;
(II) Not more than 1.8 grams of codeine per 100 milliliters or not more than 90 milligrams per dosage unit, with one or more active, nonnarcotic ingredients in recognized therapeutic amounts;
(III) Not more than 300 milligrams of hydrocodone per 100 milliliters or not more than 15 milligrams per dosage unit, with a fourfold or greater quantity of an isoquinoline alkaloid of opium;
(IV) Not more than 300 milligrams of hydrocodone per 100 milliliters or not more than 15 milligrams per dosage unit, with one or more active, nonnarcotic ingredients in recognized therapeutic amounts;
(V) Not more than 1.8 grams of dihydrocodeine per 100 milliliters or not more than 90 milligrams per dosage unit, with one or more active, nonnarcotic ingredients in recognized therapeutic amounts;
(IV) Not more than 300 milligrams of hydrocodone per 100 milliliters or not more than 15 milligrams per dosage unit, with one or more active, nonnarcotic ingredients in recognized therapeutic amounts;
(V) Not more than 1.8 grams of dihydrocodeine per 100 milliliters or not more than 90 milligrams per dosage unit, with one or more active, nonnarcotic ingredients in recognized therapeutic amounts;
(VI) Not more than 300 milligrams of ethylmorphine per 100 milliliters or not more than 15 milligrams per dosage unit, with one or more active, nonnarcotic ingredients in recognized therapeutic amounts;
(VII) Not more than 500 milligrams of opium per 100 milliliters or per 100 grams, or not more than 25 milligrams per dosage unit, with one or more active, nonnarcotic ingredients in recognized therapeutic amounts;
(VIII) Not more than 50 milligrams of morphine per 100 milliliters or per 100 grams with one or more active, nonnarcotic ingredients in recognized therapeutic amounts.
(e) Anabolic steroids.
(f) Dronabinol (synthetic) in sesame oil and encapsulated in a soft gelatin capsule in a federal food and drug administration approved drug product [Other names for dronabinol: (6aR-trans)-6a,7,8,10a- tetrahydro-6,6,9-trimethyl-3-pentyl-6H-dibenzo [b,d] pyran-1-o1, or (-)-delta-9-(trans)-tetrahydrocannabinol];
(g) Ketamine, its salts, isomers, and salts of isomers [Other names for ketamine: (+)-2-(2-chlorophenyl)-2-(methylamino)-cyclohexanone].
(3) The board may exempt by rule a compound, mixture, or preparation containing any stimulant or depressant substance listed in paragraph (a) or (b) of subsection (2) of this section from the application of all or part of this article if the compound, mixture, or preparation contains one or more active medicinal ingredients not having a stimulant or depressant effect on the central nervous system and if the admixtures are in combinations, quantity, proportion, or concentration that vitiate the potential for abuse of the substances having a stimulant or depressant effect on the central nervous system.
C.R.S. § 18-18-206 Schedule IV - repeal
18-18-206. Schedule IV - repeal. (1) A substance shall be added to schedule IV by the general assembly when:
(a) The substance has a low potential for abuse relative to substances included in schedule III;
(b) The substance has currently accepted medical use in treatment in the United States; and
(c) The abuse of the substance may lead to limited physical dependence or psychological dependence relative to the substances included in schedule III.
(2) Unless specifically excepted by Colorado or federal law or Colorado or federal regulation or more specifically included in another schedule, the following controlled substances are listed in schedule IV:
(a) Any material, compound, mixture, isomers or salts or isomers, or preparation containing any of the following narcotic drugs, or their salts calculated as the free anhydrous base or alkaloid, in limited quantities as follows:
(I) Not more than 1 milligram of difenoxin and not less than 25 micrograms of atropine sulfate per dosage unit;
(II) Propoxyphene (dosage forms);
(III) Butorphanol;
(b) Any material, compound, mixture, or preparation containing any quantity of the following substances having a depressant effect on the central nervous system, including any salts, isomers, and salts of isomers of them that are theoretically possible within the specific chemical designation:
(I) Alprazolam;
(II) Barbital;
(III) Bromazepam;
(IV) Camazepam;
(V) Chloral betaine;
(VI) Chloral hydrate;
(VII) Chlordiazepoxide;
(VIII) Clobazam;
(IX) Clonazepam;
(X) Clorazepate;
(XI) Clotiazepam;
(XII) Cloxazolam;
(XIII) Delorazepam;
(XIV) Diazepam;
(XV) Estazolam;
(XVI) Ethchlorvynol;
(XVII) Ethinamate;
(XVIII) Ethyl loflazepate;
(XIX) Fludiazepam;
(XX) Flunitrazepam;
(XXI) Flurazepam;
(XXII) Halazepam;
(XXIII) Haloxazolam;
(XXIV) Ketazolam;
(XXV) Loprazolam;
(XXVI) Lorazepam;
(XXVII) Lormetazepam;
(XXVIII) Mebutamate;
(XXIX) Medazepam;
(XXX) Meprobamate;
(XXXI) Methohexital;
(XXXII) Methylphenobarbital (mephobarbital);
(XXXIII) Midazolam;
(XXXIV) Nimetazepam;
(XXXV) Nitrazepam;
(XXXVI) Nordiazepam;
(XXXVII) Oxazepam;
(XXXVIII) Oxazolam;
(XXXIX) Paraldehyde;
(XL) Petrichloral;
(XLI) Phenobarbital;
(XLII) Pinazepam;
(XLIII) Prazepam;
(XLIV) Quazepam;
(XLV) Temazepam;
(XLVI) Tetrazepam;
(XLVII) Triazolam;
(XLVIII) Zolpidem;
(c) (I) Any material, compound, mixture, or preparation containing any quantity of the following substance, including any salts, isomers of it that are theoretically possible: Fenfluramine.
(II) This paragraph (c) is repealed upon removal of fenfluramine and its salts and isomers from schedule IV of the federal "Controlled Substances Act" (21 U.S.C. sec. 812; 21 CFR 1308.14).
(d) Any material, compound, mixture, or preparation containing any quantity of the following substances having a stimulant effect on the central nervous system, including their salts, isomers, and salts of isomers:
(I) Cathine;
(II) Diethylpropion;
(III) Fencamfamin;
(IV) Fenpropore;
(V) Mazindol;
(VI) Pemoline (including organometallic complexes and chelates thereof);
(VII) Phentermine;
(VIII) Pipradrol;
(IX) SPA ((-)-1-dimethylamino-1,2-diphenylethane);
(e) Any material, compound, mixture, or preparation containing any quantity of the following substances, including their salts and isomers:
(I) Modafinil;
(II) Pentazocine;
(III) Sibutramine;
(IV) Stadol (butorphanol tartrate);
l;
(VI) Pemoline (including organometallic complexes and chelates thereof);
(VII) Phentermine;
(VIII) Pipradrol;
(IX) SPA ((-)-1-dimethylamino-1,2-diphenylethane);
(e) Any material, compound, mixture, or preparation containing any quantity of the following substances, including their salts and isomers:
(I) Modafinil;
(II) Pentazocine;
(III) Sibutramine;
(IV) Stadol (butorphanol tartrate);
(f) Zaleplon.
(3) The board may exempt by rule any compound, mixture, or preparation containing any depressant substance listed in paragraph (b) of subsection (2) of this section from the application of all or any part of this article if the compound, mixture, or preparation contains one or more active medicinal ingredients not having a depressant effect on the central nervous system, and if the admixtures are in combinations, quantity, proportion, or concentration that vitiate the potential for abuse of the substances having a depressant effect on the central nervous system.
C.R.S. § 18-18-207 Schedule V
18-18-207. Schedule V. (1) A substance shall be added to schedule V by the general assembly when:
(a) The substance has a low potential for abuse relative to substances included in schedule IV;
(b) The substance has currently accepted medical use in treatment in the United States; and
(c) The abuse of the substance may lead to limited physical dependence or psychological dependence relative to the substances included in schedule IV.
(2) Unless specifically excepted by Colorado or federal law or Colorado or federal regulation or more specifically included in another schedule, the following controlled substances are listed in schedule V:
(a) Any material, compound, mixture, or preparation containing any of the following narcotic drug and its salts: Buprenorphine;
(b) Any compound, mixture, or preparation containing any of the following narcotic drugs, or their salts calculated as the free anhydrous base or alkaloid, in limited quantities as set forth in this paragraph (b), which also contains one or more nonnarcotic active medicinal ingredients in sufficient proportion to confer upon the compound, mixture, or preparation valuable medicinal qualities other than those possessed by the narcotic drug alone:
(I) Not more than 200 milligrams of codeine per 100 milliliters or per 100 grams;
(II) Not more than 100 milligrams of dihydrocodeine per 100 milliliters or per 100 grams;
(III) Not more than 100 milligrams of ethylmorphine per 100 milliliters or per 100 grams;
(IV) Not more than 2.5 milligrams of diphenoxylate and not less than 25 micrograms of atropine sulfate per dosage unit;
(V) Not more than 100 milligrams of opium per 100 milliliters or per 100 grams;
(VI) Not more than 0.5 milligram of difenoxin and not less than 25 micrograms of atropine sulfate per dosage unit;
(c) Any material, compound, mixture, or preparation containing any quantity of the following substances having a stimulant effect on the central nervous system, including their salts, isomers, and salts of isomers: Pyrovalerone.
C.R.S. § 18-18-301 Rules
18-18-301. Rules. The board or the BHA may adopt rules and charge reasonable fees relating to the registration and control of the manufacture, distribution, and dispensing of controlled substances within this state.
C.R.S. § 18-18-302 Registration requirements - definitions
18-18-302. Registration requirements - definitions. (1) Every person who manufactures, distributes, or dispenses any controlled substance within this state, or who proposes to engage in the manufacture, distribution, or dispensing of any controlled substance within this state, shall obtain annually or biannually, if applicable, a registration, issued by the respective licensing board or the BHA in accordance with rules adopted by such board or by the BHA. For purposes of this section and this article 18, "registration" or "registered" means the registering of manufacturers, pharmacists, pharmacies, and animal shelters, as defined in section 35-80-102, located in this state, and distributors located in or doing business in this state, by the state board of pharmacy, as set forth in article 280 of title 12, the licensing of physicians by the Colorado medical board, as set forth in article 240 of title 12, the licensing of podiatrists by the Colorado podiatry board, as set forth in article 290 of title 12, the licensing of dentists by the Colorado dental board, as set forth in article 220 of title 12, the licensing of optometrists by the state board of optometry, as set forth in article 275 of title 12, the licensing of veterinarians by the state board of veterinary medicine, as set forth in article 315 of title 12, and the licensing of researchers and certified addiction counselors by the BHA, as set forth in part 2 of article 80 of title 27.
(2) A person registered by the board or the BHA under this part 3 to manufacture, distribute, dispense, or conduct research with controlled substances may possess, manufacture, distribute, dispense, or conduct research with those substances to the extent authorized by the registration and in conformity with this article 18 and with article 280 of title 12.
(3) The following persons need not register and may lawfully possess controlled substances under this article:
(a) An agent or employee of any registered manufacturer, distributor, or dispenser of any controlled substance if the agent or employee is acting in the usual course of business or employment;
(b) A common or contract carrier or warehouseman, or an employee thereof, whose possession of any controlled substance is in the usual course of business or employment;
(c) An ultimate user or a person in possession of any controlled substance pursuant to a lawful order of a practitioner.
(4) The board or BHA may waive by rule the requirement for registration of certain manufacturers, distributors, or dispensers upon finding it consistent with the public health and safety.
(5) The board or BHA may inspect the establishment of a registrant or applicant for registration of those persons they are authorized to register under this part 3 in accordance with rules adopted by the board or BHA.
C.R.S. § 18-18-303 Registration
18-18-303. Registration. (1) The board or BHA shall register an applicant to manufacture or distribute substances included in schedules I through V unless the board or BHA determines that the issuance of that registration would be inconsistent with the public interest. In determining the public interest, the board or BHA shall consider the following factors:
(a) Maintenance of effective controls against diversion of controlled substances into other than legitimate medical, scientific, research, or industrial channels;
(b) Compliance with applicable state and local law;
(c) Promotion of technical advances in the art of manufacturing controlled substances and the development of new substances;
(d) Any convictions of the applicant under any laws of another country or federal or state laws relating to any controlled substance;
(e) Past experience of the applicant in the manufacture or distribution of controlled substances, and the existence in the applicant's establishment of effective controls against diversion of controlled substances into other than legitimate medical, scientific, research, or industrial channels;
(f) Furnishing by the applicant of false or fraudulent material in any application filed under this article;
(g) Suspension or revocation of the applicant's federal registration or the applicant's registration of another state to manufacture, distribute, or dispense controlled substances as authorized by federal law; and
(h) Any other factors relevant to and consistent with the public health and safety.
(2) Registration under subsection (1) of this section entitles a registrant to manufacture or distribute a substance included in schedule I or II only if it is specified in the registration.
(3) A practitioner must be registered with the board or BHA before dispensing a controlled substance or conducting research with respect to a controlled substance included in schedules II through V. The BHA need not require separate registration under this article 18 for practitioners engaging in research with nonnarcotic substances included in schedules II through V where the registrant is already registered under this article 18 in another capacity. Practitioners registered under federal law to conduct research with substances included in schedule I may conduct research with substances included in schedule I within this state upon furnishing the BHA evidence of that federal registration.
(4) A manufacturer or distributor registered under the federal "Controlled Substances Act", 21 U.S.C. sec. 801 et seq., may submit a copy of the federal application as an application for registration as a manufacturer or distributor under this section. The board may require a manufacturer or distributor to submit information in addition to the application for registration under the federal act.
(5) Persons licensed or registered under article 280 of title 12 or article 220, 240, 275, 290, or 315 of title 12 need not be licensed separately to distribute or dispense controlled substances to the extent provided under law if they are registered or are exempt from registration by the federal drug enforcement administration, provided that such persons indicate on any initial application or renewal application the schedules of controlled substances that the persons are authorized to use under Public Law 91-513, known as the federal "Comprehensive Drug Abuse Prevention and Control Act of 1970".
C.R.S. § 18-18-304 Suspension or revocation of registration
18-18-304. Suspension or revocation of registration. (1) The board or BHA may suspend or revoke a registration under section 18-18-303 to manufacture, distribute, or dispense a controlled substance upon finding that the registrant has:
(a) Furnished false or fraudulent material information in any application filed under this part 3;
(b) Been convicted of a felony under any state or federal law relating to any controlled substance;
(c) Had the registrant's federal registration suspended or revoked and is no longer authorized by federal law to manufacture, distribute, or dispense controlled substances; or
(d) Committed acts that would render registration under section 18-18-303 inconsistent with the public interest as determined under that section.
(2) The board or BHA may deny, suspend, revoke, or take other authorized disciplinary action to limit the authority of any registrant to prescribe, distribute, dispense, or administer controlled substances, or any classification thereof, within this state if grounds for denial, suspension, or revocation exist. These proceedings must be conducted in accordance with the provisions of article 4 of title 24.
(3) If a registration is suspended or revoked, the board or BHA may place under seal all controlled substances owned or possessed by the registrant at the time of suspension or the effective date of the revocation order. No disposition may be made of substances under seal until the time for taking an appeal has elapsed or until all appeals have been concluded unless a court, upon application, orders the sale of perishable substances and the deposit of the proceeds of the sale with the court. When a revocation order becomes final, the court may order the controlled substances forfeited to the state.
(4) The board or BHA may seize or place under seal any controlled substance owned or possessed by a registrant whose registration has expired or who has ceased to practice or do business in the manner contemplated by the registration. The controlled substance must be held for the benefit of the registrant or the registrant's successor in interest. The board or BHA shall notify a registrant, or the registrant's successor in interest, whose controlled substance is seized or placed under seal, of the procedures to be followed to secure the return of the controlled substance and the conditions under which it will be returned. The board or BHA may not dispose of any controlled substance seized or placed under seal under this subsection (4) until the expiration of one hundred eighty days after the controlled substance was seized or placed under seal. The costs incurred by the board or BHA in seizing, placing under seal, maintaining custody, and disposing of any controlled substance under this subsection (4) may be recovered from the registrant, any proceeds obtained from the disposition of the controlled substance, or from both. Any balance remaining after the costs have been recovered from the proceeds of any disposition must be delivered to the registrant or the registrant's successor in interest.
(5) The board or BHA shall promptly notify the drug enforcement administration of all orders restricting, suspending, or revoking registration and all forfeitures of controlled substances.
C.R.S. § 18-18-305 Order to show cause
18-18-305. Order to show cause. (1) Before denying, suspending, or revoking a registration, or refusing a renewal of registration, the board or BHA shall serve upon the applicant or registrant an order to show cause why registration should not be denied, revoked, or suspended, or the renewal refused. The order must state its grounds and direct the applicant or registrant to appear before the board or BHA at a specified time and place not less than thirty days after the date of service of the order. In case of a refusal to renew a registration, the order must be served not later than thirty days before the expiration of the registration. These proceedings must be conducted in accordance with section 24-4-105. The proceedings do not preclude any criminal prosecution or other proceeding. A proceeding to refuse to renew a registration does not affect the existing registration, which remains in effect until completion of the proceeding.
(2) The board or BHA may suspend, without an order to show cause, any registration simultaneously with the institution of proceedings under section 18-18-304, or where renewal of registration is refused, upon finding that there is an imminent danger to the public health or safety that warrants this action. The suspension continues in effect until the conclusion of the proceedings, including judicial review thereof, unless sooner withdrawn by the board or BHA or dissolved by a court of competent jurisdiction.
C.R.S. § 18-18-306 Records of registrants
18-18-306. Records of registrants. Persons registered to manufacture, distribute, or dispense controlled substances under this part 3 shall keep records and maintain inventories in conformance with the record keeping and inventory requirements of federal law and with any additional rules adopted by the board or BHA.
C.R.S. § 18-18-307 Order forms
18-18-307. Order forms. A substance included in schedule I or II may be distributed by a registrant to another registrant only pursuant to an order form. Compliance with the provisions of federal law respecting order forms constitutes compliance with this section.
C.R.S. § 18-18-308 Prescriptions
18-18-308. Prescriptions. (1) As used in this section, "medical treatment" includes dispensing or administering a narcotic drug for pain, including intractable pain.
(2) Except as provided in section 18-18-414, a person may dispense a controlled substance only as provided in this section.
(3) (a) Except as provided in paragraph (b) of this subsection (3), a person shall not dispense a substance included in schedule II to an ultimate user of the substance without:
(I) The written prescription of a practitioner; or
(II) An electronic prescription drug order for a schedule II substance that is created and transmitted in accordance with 21 CFR 1311.
(b) A practitioner, other than a pharmacy, may dispense a schedule II substance directly to the ultimate user without a written prescription.
(4) (a) Except as provided in paragraph (b) of this subsection (4), a person shall not dispense a substance included in schedule III, IV, or V to an ultimate user of the substance without:
(I) A written or oral prescription order of a practitioner; or
(II) An electronic prescription drug order for a schedule III, IV, or V substance that is created and transmitted in accordance with 21 CFR 1311.
(b) A practitioner, other than a pharmacy, may dispense a schedule III, IV, or V substance directly to the ultimate user without a written prescription.
(c) A prescription order for a schedule III, IV, or V substance must not be filled or refilled more than six months after the date of the order or be refilled more than five times.
(5) A practitioner may dispense or deliver a controlled substance to or for an individual or animal only for medical treatment or authorized research in the ordinary course of that practitioner's profession.
(6) No civil or criminal liability or administrative sanction may be imposed on a pharmacist for action taken in reliance on a reasonable belief that an order purporting to be a prescription was issued by a practitioner in the usual course of professional treatment or in authorized research.
C.R.S. § 18-18-309 Diversion prevention and control
18-18-309. Diversion prevention and control. (1) As used in this section, "diversion" means the transfer of any controlled substance from a licit to an illicit channel of distribution or use.
(2) The BHA shall regularly prepare and make available to other state regulatory, licensing, and law enforcement agencies a report on the patterns and trends of actual distribution, diversion, and abuse of controlled substances.
(3) The BHA shall enter into written agreements with local, state, and federal agencies for the purpose of improving identification of sources of diversion and to improve enforcement of and compliance with this article 18 and other laws and rules pertaining to unlawful conduct involving controlled substances. An agreement must specify the roles and responsibilities of each agency that has information or authority to identify, prevent, and control drug diversion and drug abuse. The BHA shall convene periodic meetings to coordinate a state diversion prevention and control program. The BHA shall arrange for cooperation and exchange of information among agencies and with neighboring states and the federal government.
(4) Repealed.
C.R.S. § 18-18-401 Legislative declaration
18-18-401. Legislative declaration. (1) The general assembly finds, determines, and declares that:
(a) The regulation of controlled substances in this state is important and necessary for the preservation of public safety and public health;
(b) Meeting the public safety and public health needs of our communities demands a collaborative effort involving primary health-care, behavioral health, criminal justice, and social service systems;
(c) Successful, community-based substance abuse treatment and education programs and substance use disorder treatment programs, in conjunction with treatment for behavioral or mental health disorders as necessary, provide effective tools in the effort to reduce drug usage and enhance public safety by reducing the likelihood that drug users will have further contact with the criminal justice system. Therapeutic intervention and ongoing individualized treatment plans prepared through the use of meaningful and proven assessment tools and evaluations offer an effective alternative to incarceration in appropriate circumstances and should be utilized accordingly.
(d) Savings recognized from reductions in incarceration rates should be dedicated toward funding community-based treatment options and other mechanisms that are accessible to all of the state's counties for the implementation and continuation of such programs;
(e) The Colorado commission on criminal and juvenile justice submitted a report to the general assembly on December 15, 2012, after significant study of effective approaches to reduced drug abuse and use of criminal justice sanctions that recommends multiple changes to the criminal law relating to controlled substances.
C.R.S. § 18-18-402 Definitions - terms used
18-18-402. Definitions - terms used. As used in this part 4, unless this part 4 otherwise provides or unless the context otherwise requires, terms used in this part 4 shall have the same meanings as those set forth in part 1 of this article 18.
C.R.S. § 18-18-403 Additional definition
18-18-403. Additional definition. As used in this part 4, unless the context otherwise requires:
(1) "Sale" includes a barter, an exchange, or a gift, or an offer therefor, and each such transaction made by any person, whether as the principal, proprietor, agent, servant, or employee, with or without remuneration.
C.R.S. § 18-18-403.5 Unlawful possession of a controlled substance - notice to revisor of statutes - repeal
18-18-403.5. Unlawful possession of a controlled substance - notice to revisor of statutes - repeal. (1) Except as authorized by part 1 or 3 of article 280 of title 12, part 2 of article 80 of title 27, section 18-1-711, section 18-18-428 (1)(b), part 2 or 3 of this article 18, section 18-18-434, article 170 of title 12, or article 50 of title 44, it is unlawful for a person knowingly to possess a controlled substance.
(2) On or after March 1, 2020, a person who violates subsection (1) of this section by possessing:
(a) Any material, compound, mixture, or preparation that contains any quantity of flunitrazepam; ketamine; gamma hydroxybutyrate, including its salts, isomers, and salts of isomers; cathinones; or more than four grams of a controlled substance listed in schedule I or II of part 2 of this article 18 commits a level 4 drug felony.
(b) (Deleted by amendment, L. 2013.)
(c) Any material, compound, mixture, or preparation that contains not more than four grams of a controlled substance listed in schedule I or II of part 2 of this article 18 or any quantity of a controlled substance listed in schedule III, IV, or V of part 2 of this article 18 except flunitrazepam, gamma hydroxybutyrate, or ketamine commits a level 1 drug misdemeanor; except that a fourth or subsequent offense for a violation of this subsection (2)(c) is a level 4 drug felony.
(2.5) (a) Notwithstanding subsection (2)(c) of this section, on or after July 1, 2022, a person who violates subsection (1) of this section by knowingly possessing:
(I) Any material, compound, mixture, or preparation that weighs more than one gram and not more than four grams and contains any quantity of fentanyl, carfentanil, benzimidazole opiate, or an analog thereof as described in section 18-18-204 (2)(g), commits a level 4 drug felony;
(II) Any material, compound, mixture, or preparation that weighs not more than one gram and contains any quantity of fentanyl, carfentanil, benzimidazole opiate, or an analog thereof as described in section 18-18-204 (2)(g), commits a level 1 drug misdemeanor; except that a fourth or subsequent offense for a violation of this subsection (2.5)(a)(II) is a level 4 drug felony.
(b) Notwithstanding the provisions of section 18-18-403.5 (2.5)(a)(I) of this section, when a defendant shows supporting evidence to establish that he or she made a reasonable mistake of fact and did not know that the controlled substance he or she possessed contained fentanyl, carfentanil, benzimidazole opiate, or an analog thereof as described in section 18-18-204 (2)(g), the matter shall be submitted to the finder of fact in the form of an interrogatory included in the verdict form. Should the finder of fact determine the defendant made such a reasonable mistake of fact, the defendant commits a level 1 drug misdemeanor.
(2.7) (a) A person who violates subsection (1) of this section by possessing any material, compound, mixture, or preparation that contains a quantity of fentanyl, carfentanil, benzimidazole opiate, or an analog thereof as described in section 18-18-204 (2)(g), that is more than sixty percent of the total composition of the material, compound, mixture, or preparation, commits a level 2 drug felony.
(2.7) (a) A person who violates subsection (1) of this section by possessing any material, compound, mixture, or preparation that contains a quantity of fentanyl, carfentanil, benzimidazole opiate, or an analog thereof as described in section 18-18-204 (2)(g), that is more than sixty percent of the total composition of the material, compound, mixture, or preparation, commits a level 2 drug felony.
(b) (I) This subsection (2.7) takes effect at 12:01 a.m. thirty days after the date identified in the notice provided to the revisor of statutes by the director of the Colorado bureau of investigation that the Colorado bureau of investigation has the resources to determine the quantity of fentanyl, carfentanil, benzimidazole opiate, or an analog thereof as described in section 18-18-204 (2)(g), compared to the total composition of the material, compound, mixture, or preparation, or on the date of the notice to the revisor of statutes if the notice does not specify a different date.
(II) The director of the Colorado bureau of investigation shall notify the revisor of statutes in writing when the condition specified in subsection (2.7)(b)(I) of this section has occurred by e-mailing the notice to revisorofstatutes.ga@coleg.gov.
(III) Concurrent with the notice required in subsection (2.7)(b)(II) of this section, the director of the Colorado bureau of investigation shall notify the speaker of the house of representatives, the president of the senate, the chief justice of the supreme court, the governor, the attorney general, the state public defender, and each district attorney in the state, that the Colorado bureau of investigation has the resources to determine the quantity of fentanyl, carfentanil, benzimidazole opiate, or an analog thereof as described in section 18-18-204 (2)(g), compared to the total composition of the material, compound, mixture, or preparation.
(IV) This subsection (2.7)(b) is repealed, effective one year after notice to the revisor of statutes pursuant to subsection (2.7)(b)(II) of this section.
(3) If the circumstances described in section 18-18-428 (1)(b) occur, the peace officer shall not arrest the person pursuant to this section for any minuscule, residual controlled substance that may be present in the used hypodermic needle or syringe, and the district attorney shall not charge or prosecute the person pursuant to this section for any minuscule, residual controlled substance that may be present in a used hypodermic needle or syringe. The circumstances described in section 18-18-428 (1)(b) may be used as a factor in a probable cause or reasonable suspicion determination of any criminal offense if the original stop or search was lawful.
(4) Notwithstanding the provisions of subsection (2) of this section, on or after March 1, 2020, a district attorney shall not charge or prosecute a person pursuant to this section for any minuscule, residual, or unusable amount of a controlled substance that may be present in a used hypodermic needle or syringe, or other drug paraphernalia, as defined in section 18-18-426. The circumstances described in this subsection (4) may be used as a factor in a probable cause or reasonable suspicion determination of any criminal offense if the original stop or search was lawful.
(5) Notwithstanding any provision of this section, a person may be charged with any other offense in this article 18, including unlawful distribution, manufacturing, dispensing, or sale of a controlled substance, or possession with intent to do the same, pursuant to section 18-18-405, when there is evidence for the person to be so charged. Such evidence may include, but is not limited to, the amount of the controlled substance that the person possesses.
on may be charged with any other offense in this article 18, including unlawful distribution, manufacturing, dispensing, or sale of a controlled substance, or possession with intent to do the same, pursuant to section 18-18-405, when there is evidence for the person to be so charged. Such evidence may include, but is not limited to, the amount of the controlled substance that the person possesses.
(6) Notwithstanding subsection (2) of this section to the contrary, a peace officer shall not arrest and a district attorney shall not charge or prosecute an employee, agent, or volunteer of an entity described in section 12-30-110 (1)(a) who, in the performance of the person's duties, is in possession of a controlled substance, including fentanyl, carfentanil, benzimidazole opiate, or an analog thereof as described in section 18-18-204 (2)(g), for the purpose of safe disposal of the controlled substance, including fentanyl, carfentanil, benzimidazole opiate, or an analog thereof as described in section 18-18-204 (2)(g), in accordance with applicable law. As used in this subsection (6), "safe disposal" means the procedure and process for depositing the controlled substance, including fentanyl, carfentanil, benzimidazole opiate, or an analog thereof as described in section 18-18-204 (2)(g), in a secure container for law enforcement to subsequently access and dispose of.
C.R.S. § 18-18-404 Unlawful use of a controlled substance
18-18-404. Unlawful use of a controlled substance. (1) (a) Except as is otherwise provided for offenses concerning marijuana and marijuana concentrate in sections 18-18-406 and 18-18-406.5, or for natural medicine or natural medicine product in section 18-18-434, article 170 of title 12, or article 50 of title 44, any person who uses any controlled substance, except when it is dispensed by or under the direction of a person licensed or authorized by law to prescribe, administer, or dispense the controlled substance for bona fide medical needs, commits a level 2 drug misdemeanor.
(b) Repealed.
(1.1) Repealed.
(2) and (3) (Deleted by amendment, L. 2010, (HB 10-1352), ch. 259, p. 1163, § 2, effective August 11, 2010.)
(4) Repealed.
C.R.S. § 18-18-405 Unlawful distribution, manufacturing, dispensing, or sale
18-18-405. Unlawful distribution, manufacturing, dispensing, or sale. (1) (a) Except as authorized by part 1 of article 280 of title 12, part 2 of article 80 of title 27, part 2 or 3 of this article 18, section 18-18-434, article 170 of title 12, or article 50 of title 44, it is unlawful for any person knowingly to manufacture, dispense, sell, or distribute, or to possess with intent to manufacture, dispense, sell, or distribute, a controlled substance; or induce, attempt to induce, or conspire with one or more other persons, to manufacture, dispense, sell, distribute, or possess with intent to manufacture, dispense, sell, or distribute, a controlled substance; or possess one or more chemicals or supplies or equipment with intent to manufacture a controlled substance.
(b) As used in this subsection (1), "dispense" does not include labeling, as defined in section 12-280-103 (23).
(2) Except as otherwise provided for an offense concerning marijuana and marijuana concentrate in section 18-18-406 and for special offenders as provided in section 18-18-407, any person who violates any of the provisions of subsection (1) of this section:
(a) Commits a level 1 drug felony and is subject to the mandatory sentencing provisions in section 18-1.3-401.5 (7) if:
(I) The violation involves any material, compound, mixture, or preparation that weighs:
(A) More than two hundred twenty-five grams and contains a schedule I or schedule II controlled substance; or
(B) More than one hundred twelve grams and contains methamphetamine, heroin, ketamine, or cathinones; or
(C) More than fifty milligrams and contains flunitrazepam; or
(D) More than fifty grams and contains fentanyl, carfentanil, benzimidazole opiate, or an analog thereof as described in section 18-18-204 (2)(g); or
(II) An adult sells, dispenses, distributes, or otherwise transfers any quantity of a schedule I or schedule II controlled substance or any material, compound, mixture, or preparation that contains any amount of a schedule I or schedule II controlled substance, other than marijuana or marijuana concentrate, to a minor and the adult is at least two years older than the minor;
(III) (A) Except as provided in section 18-1-711 (3)(i), the defendant committed a violation of subsection (2)(a)(I)(D), (2)(b)(I)(D), or (2)(c)(V) of this section, and the actions in violation of subsection (2)(a)(I)(D), (2)(b)(I)(D), or (2)(c)(V) of this section are the proximate cause of the death of another person who used or consumed the material, compound, mixture, or preparation that contained fentanyl, carfentanil, benzimidazole opiate, or an analog thereof as described in section 18-18-204 (2)(g).
(B) Notwithstanding subsection (2)(a)(III)(A) of this section, a defendant who committed a violation of subsection (2)(c)(V) of this section, and the actions in violation of subsection (2)(c)(V) of this section are the proximate cause of the death of another person who used or consumed the material, compound, mixture, or preparation that contained fentanyl, carfentanil, benzimidazole opiate, or an analog thereof as described in section 18-18-204 (2)(g), is not subject to the mandatory sentencing requirement as described in section 18-1.3-401.5 (7).
ons in violation of subsection (2)(c)(V) of this section are the proximate cause of the death of another person who used or consumed the material, compound, mixture, or preparation that contained fentanyl, carfentanil, benzimidazole opiate, or an analog thereof as described in section 18-18-204 (2)(g), is not subject to the mandatory sentencing requirement as described in section 18-1.3-401.5 (7).
(b) Commits a level 2 drug felony if:
(I) The violation involves any material, compound, mixture, or preparation that weighs:
(A) More than fourteen grams, but not more than two hundred twenty-five grams, and contains a schedule I or schedule II controlled substance;
(B) More than seven grams, but not more than one hundred twelve grams, and contains methamphetamine, heroin, ketamine, or cathinones;
(C) More than ten milligrams, but not more than fifty milligrams, and contains flunitrazepam; or
(D) More than four grams, but not more than fifty grams, and contains fentanyl, carfentanil, benzimidazole opiate, or an analog thereof as described in section 18-18-204 (2)(g);
(II) An adult sells, dispenses, distributes, or otherwise transfers any quantity of a schedule III or schedule IV controlled substance or any material, compound, mixture, or preparation that contains any quantity of a schedule III or schedule IV controlled substance to a minor and the adult is at least two years older than the minor;
(c) Except as provided in subsection (8) of this section, commits a level 3 drug felony if the violation involves any material, compound, mixture, or preparation that weighs:
(I) Not more than fourteen grams and contains a schedule I or schedule II controlled substance;
(II) Not more than seven grams and contains methamphetamine, heroin, ketamine, or cathinones;
(III) Not more than ten milligrams and contains flunitrazepam;
(IV) More than four grams and contains a schedule III or schedule IV controlled substance; or
(V) Not more than four grams and contains fentanyl, carfentanil, benzimidazole opiate, or an analog thereof as described in section 18-18-204 (2)(g).
(d) Except as provided in subsection (8) of this section or section 18-1-711 (3)(j), commits a level 4 drug felony if:
(I) The violation involves any material, compound, mixture, or preparation that weighs not more than four grams and contains a schedule III or schedule IV controlled substance; or
(II) Notwithstanding the provisions of paragraph (c) of this subsection (2), the violation involves distribution or transfer of the controlled substance for the purpose of consuming all of the controlled substance with another person or persons at a time substantially contemporaneous with the transfer; except that this subparagraph (II) applies only if the distribution or transfer involves not more than four grams of a schedule I or II controlled substance or not more than two grams of methamphetamine, heroin, ketamine, or cathinones;
(e) Commits a level 1 drug misdemeanor if the violation involves:
(I) A schedule V controlled substance; or
(II) A transfer with no remuneration of not more than four grams of a schedule III or schedule IV controlled substance.
(2.1) Repealed.
(2.3) (a) (Deleted by amendment, L. 2010, (HB 10-1352), ch. 259, p. 1163, § 3, effective August 11, 2010.)
mphetamine, heroin, ketamine, or cathinones;
(e) Commits a level 1 drug misdemeanor if the violation involves:
(I) A schedule V controlled substance; or
(II) A transfer with no remuneration of not more than four grams of a schedule III or schedule IV controlled substance.
(2.1) Repealed.
(2.3) (a) (Deleted by amendment, L. 2010, (HB 10-1352), ch. 259, p. 1163, § 3, effective August 11, 2010.)
(b) Repealed.
(2.5) to (4) Repealed.
(5) When a person commits unlawful distribution, manufacture, dispensing, sale, or possession with intent to manufacture, dispense, sell, or distribute any schedule I or schedule II controlled substance, as listed in section 18-18-203 or 18-18-204, flunitrazepam, ketamine, or cathinones, or conspires with one or more persons to commit the offense, pursuant to subsection (1) of this section, twice or more within a period of six months, without having been placed in jeopardy for the prior offense or offenses, the aggregate amount of the schedule I or schedule II controlled substance, flunitrazepam, ketamine, or cathinones involved may be used to determine the level of drug offense.
(6) and (7) Repealed.
(8) Except for a prosecution for manufacturing, a person commits a level 1 drug misdemeanor for a violation of subsection (2)(c)(I), (2)(c)(II), (2)(c)(V), or (2)(d) of this section if:
(a) The distribution, dispensing, transfer, or sale involves a material, compound, mixture, or preparation that weighs not more than four grams and contains any amount of a controlled substance identified in subsection (2)(c)(I), (2)(c)(II), (2)(c)(V), or (2)(d) of this section;
(b) The defendant reports in good faith an emergency drug overdose event to a law enforcement officer, to the 911 system, or to a medical provider, or the defendant aids or seeks aid for the person who suffered the emergency drug overdose;
(c) The defendant remains at the scene of the event until a law enforcement officer or an emergency medical responder arrives or the defendant remains at the facilities of the medical provider until a law enforcement officer arrives;
(d) The defendant identifies himself or herself and cooperates with the law enforcement officer, emergency medical responder, or medical provider; and
(e) The offense arises from the same course of events from which the emergency overdose event arose.
C.R.S. § 18-18-406 Offenses relating to marijuana and marijuana concentrate - definitions
18-18-406. Offenses relating to marijuana and marijuana concentrate - definitions. (1) (a) The sale, transfer, or dispensing of more than two and one-half pounds of marijuana or more than one pound of marijuana concentrate to a minor if the person is an adult and two years older than the minor is a level 1 drug felony subject to the mandatory sentencing provision in section 18-1.3-401.5 (7).
(b) The sale, transfer, or dispensing of more than six ounces, but not more than two and one-half pounds of marijuana or more than three ounces, but not more than one pound of marijuana concentrate to a minor if the person is an adult and two years older than the minor is a level 2 drug felony.
(c) The sale, transfer, or dispensing of more than one ounce, but not more than six ounces of marijuana or more than one-half ounce, but not more than three ounces, of marijuana concentrate to a minor if the person is an adult and two years older than the minor is a level 3 drug felony.
(d) The sale, transfer, or dispensing of not more than one ounce of marijuana or not more than one-half ounce of marijuana concentrate to a minor if the person is an adult and two years older than the minor is a level 4 drug felony.
(2) (a) (I) It is unlawful for a person to knowingly process or manufacture any marijuana or marijuana concentrate or knowingly allow to be processed or manufactured on land owned, occupied, or controlled by him or her any marijuana or marijuana concentrate except as authorized pursuant to part 1 of article 280 of title 12 or part 2 of article 80 of title 27.
(II) A person who violates the provisions of subparagraph (I) of this paragraph (a) commits a level 3 drug felony.
(b) (I) Except as otherwise provided in subsection (7) of this section and except as authorized by part 1 of article 280 of title 12, part 2 of article 80 of title 27, or part 2 or 3 of this article 18, it is unlawful for a person to knowingly dispense, sell, distribute, or possess with intent to manufacture, dispense, sell, or distribute marijuana or marijuana concentrate; or attempt, induce, attempt to induce, or conspire with one or more other persons, to dispense, sell, distribute, or possess with intent to manufacture, dispense, sell, or distribute marijuana or marijuana concentrate.
(II) As used in subsection (2)(b)(I) of this section, "dispense" does not include labeling, as defined in section 12-280-103 (23).
(III) A person who violates any of the provisions of subparagraph (I) of this paragraph (b) commits:
(A) A level 1 drug felony and is subject to the mandatory sentencing provision in section 18-1.3-401.5 (7) if the amount of marijuana is more than fifty pounds or the amount of marijuana concentrate is more than twenty-five pounds;
(B) A level 2 drug felony if the amount of marijuana is more than five pounds but not more than fifty pounds or the amount of marijuana concentrate is more than two and one-half pounds but not more than twenty-five pounds;
(C) A level 3 drug felony if the amount is more than twelve ounces but not more than five pounds of marijuana or more than six ounces but not more than two and one-half pounds of marijuana concentrate;
(D) A level 4 drug felony if the amount is more than four ounces, but not more than twelve ounces of marijuana or more than two ounces but not more than six ounces of marijuana concentrate; or
(E) A level 1 drug misdemeanor if the amount is not more than four ounces of marijuana or not more than two ounces of marijuana concentrate.
not more than two and one-half pounds of marijuana concentrate;
(D) A level 4 drug felony if the amount is more than four ounces, but not more than twelve ounces of marijuana or more than two ounces but not more than six ounces of marijuana concentrate; or
(E) A level 1 drug misdemeanor if the amount is not more than four ounces of marijuana or not more than two ounces of marijuana concentrate.
(3) (a) (I) It is unlawful for a person to knowingly cultivate, grow, or produce a marijuana plant or knowingly allow a marijuana plant to be cultivated, grown, or produced on land that the person owns, occupies, or controls.
(II) (A) Regardless of whether the plants are for medical or recreational use, it is unlawful for a person to knowingly cultivate, grow, or produce more than twelve marijuana plants on or in a residential property; or to knowingly allow more than twelve marijuana plants to be cultivated, grown, or produced on or in a residential property.
(B) Except as provided in section 25-1.5-106 (8.5)(a.5)(I) or section 25-1.5-106 (8.6)(a)(I.5) for a medical marijuana patient or a primary caregiver with a twenty-four-marijuana-plant-count exception to subsection (3)(a)(II)(A) of this section, it is not a violation of subsection (3)(a)(II)(A) of this section if a county, municipality, or city and county law expressly permits the cultivation, growth, or production of more than twelve marijuana plants on or in a residential property and the person is cultivating, growing, or producing the plants in an enclosed and locked space and within the limit set by the county, municipality, or city and county where the plants are located.
(III) A person who violates the provisions of subsection (3)(a)(I) of this section commits:
(A) A level 3 drug felony if the offense involves more than thirty plants;
(B) A level 4 drug felony if the offense involves more than six but not more than thirty plants; or
(C) A level 1 drug misdemeanor if the offense involves not more than six plants.
(IV) A person who violates the provisions of subsection (3)(a)(II)(A) of this section commits:
(A) A level 1 drug petty offense for a first offense if the offense involves more than twelve plants, and, upon conviction, shall be punished by a fine of up to one thousand dollars;
(B) A level 1 drug misdemeanor for a second or subsequent offense if the offense involves more than twelve but not more than twenty-four plants; or
(C) A level 3 drug felony for a second or subsequent offense if the offense involves more than twenty-four plants.
(V) Prosecution under subsection (3)(a)(II)(A) of this section does not prohibit prosecution under any other section of law.
(b) It is not a violation of this subsection (3) if:
(I) The person is lawfully cultivating medical marijuana pursuant to the authority granted in section 14 of article XVIII of the state constitution in an enclosed and locked space;
(II) The person is lawfully cultivating marijuana in an enclosed and locked space pursuant to the authority granted in section 16 of article XVIII of the state constitution; except that, if the cultivation area is located in a residence and:
(A) A person under twenty-one years of age lives at the residence, the cultivation area itself must be enclosed and locked; and
(B) If no person under twenty-one years of age lives at the residence, the external locks of the residence constitutes an enclosed and locked space. If a person under twenty-one years of age enters the residence, the person must ensure that access to the cultivation site is reasonably restricted for the duration of that person's presence in the residence.
a itself must be enclosed and locked; and
(B) If no person under twenty-one years of age lives at the residence, the external locks of the residence constitutes an enclosed and locked space. If a person under twenty-one years of age enters the residence, the person must ensure that access to the cultivation site is reasonably restricted for the duration of that person's presence in the residence.
(c) For purposes of this subsection (3):
(I) "Flowering" means the reproductive state of the cannabis plant in which there are physical signs of flower budding out of the nodes in the stem.
(II) "Plant" means any cannabis plant in a cultivating medium which plant is more than four inches wide or four inches high or a flowering cannabis plant regardless of the plant's size.
(III) "Residential property" means a single unit providing complete independent living facilities for one or more persons, including permanent provisions for living, sleeping, eating, cooking, and sanitation. "Residential property" also includes the real property surrounding a structure, owned in common with the structure, that includes one or more single units providing complete independent living facilities.
(3.5) A person is not in compliance with the authority to assist another individual granted in section 14 (2)(b) or section 16 (3)(e) of article XVIII of the state constitution and is subject to the offenses and penalties of subsection (3) of this section if the person possesses any marijuana plant he or she is growing on behalf of another individual, unless he or she is the primary caregiver for the individual and is in compliance with the requirements of section 25-1.5-106.
(4) On or after March 1, 2020:
(a) Repealed.
(b) A person who possesses more than six ounces of marijuana or more than three ounces of marijuana concentrate commits a level 1 drug misdemeanor.
(c) A person who possesses more than two ounces of marijuana but not more than six ounces of marijuana or not more than three ounces of marijuana concentrate commits a level 2 drug misdemeanor.
(5) (a) Repealed.
(b) (I) Except as described in section 18-1-711, a person who openly and publicly displays, consumes, or uses two ounces or less of marijuana commits a drug petty offense and, upon conviction thereof, shall be punished by a fine of up to one hundred dollars and up to twenty-four hours of community service.
(II) Open and public display, consumption, or use of more than two ounces of marijuana or any amount of marijuana concentrate is deemed possession thereof, and violations shall be punished as provided for in subsection (4) of this section.
(III) Except as otherwise provided for in subsection (5)(b)(I) of this section, consumption or use of marijuana or marijuana concentrate is deemed possession thereof, and violations must be punished as provided for in subsection (4) of this section.
(IV) Public display, consumption, or use of marijuana or marijuana concentrate pursuant to the provisions of section 44-10-609, when such display, consumption, or use is within the licensed premises of a marijuana hospitality business licensed pursuant to section 44-10-609, is not a violation of this subsection (5).
(V) Public display, consumption, or use of retail marijuana or retail marijuana concentrate pursuant to the provisions of section 44-10-610, when such display, consumption, or use is within the licensed premises of a retail marijuana hospitality and sales business licensed pursuant to section 44-10-610 and when an individual's display, consumption, or use does not exceed the sales limit established by the state licensing authority by rule pursuant to section 44-10-203 (2)(ff)(II), is not a violation of this subsection (5).
n 44-10-610, when such display, consumption, or use is within the licensed premises of a retail marijuana hospitality and sales business licensed pursuant to section 44-10-610 and when an individual's display, consumption, or use does not exceed the sales limit established by the state licensing authority by rule pursuant to section 44-10-203 (2)(ff)(II), is not a violation of this subsection (5).
(c) Transferring or dispensing not more than two ounces of marijuana from one person to another for no consideration is a drug petty offense and is not deemed dispensing or sale thereof.
(5.5) (a) It is unlawful for a person to transfer marijuana or marijuana concentrate at no cost to a person if the transfer is in any way related to remuneration for any other service or product.
(b) A violation of this subsection (5.5) is a level 1 drug misdemeanor.
(6) The provisions of this section do not apply to any person who possesses, uses, prescribes, dispenses, or administers any drug classified under group C guidelines of the national cancer institute, as amended, approved by the federal food and drug administration.
(7) The provisions of this section do not apply to any person who possesses, uses, prescribes, dispenses, or administers dronabinol (synthetic) in sesame oil and encapsulated in a soft gelatin capsule in a federal food and drug administration approved drug product, pursuant to part 1 of article 280 of title 12 or part 2 of article 80 of title 27.
C.R.S. § 18-18-406.1 Unlawful use or possession of synthetic cannabinoids or salvia divinorum
18-18-406.1. Unlawful use or possession of synthetic cannabinoids or salvia divinorum. (1) Except as provided in section 25-5-427 or article 10 of title 44, it is unlawful for any person to use or possess any amount of any synthetic cannabinoid or salvia divinorum.
(2) A person who violates any provision of subsection (1) of this section commits a level 2 drug misdemeanor.
C.R.S. § 18-18-406.2 Unlawful distribution, manufacturing, dispensing, sale, or cultivation of synthetic cannabinoids or salvia divinorum
18-18-406.2. Unlawful distribution, manufacturing, dispensing, sale, or cultivation of synthetic cannabinoids or salvia divinorum. (1) Except as provided in section 25-5-427 or article 10 of title 44, it is unlawful for any person knowingly to:
(a) Manufacture, dispense, sell, or distribute, or to possess with intent to manufacture, dispense, sell, or distribute, any amount of any synthetic cannabinoid or salvia divinorum;
(b) Induce, attempt to induce, or conspire with one or more other persons, to manufacture, dispense, sell, distribute, or possess with intent to manufacture, dispense, sell, or distribute, any amount of any synthetic cannabinoid or salvia divinorum; or
(c) Cultivate salvia divinorum with intent to dispense, sell, or distribute any amount of the salvia divinorum.
(2) A person who violates any provision of subsection (1) of this section commits a level 3 drug felony.
(3) Notwithstanding the provisions of subsection (2) of this section, a person who violates any provision of subsection (1) of this section by dispensing, selling, or distributing any amount of any synthetic cannabinoid or salvia divinorum commits a level 2 drug felony if the person:
(a) Dispenses, sells, or distributes the synthetic cannabinoid or salvia divinorum to a minor who is less than eighteen years of age; and
(b) Is at least eighteen years of age and at least two years older than said minor.
(4) As used in this section, "dispense" does not include labeling, as defined in section 12-280-103 (23).
C.R.S. § 18-18-406.3 Medical use of marijuana by persons diagnosed with debilitating medical conditions - unlawful acts - penalty - medical marijuana program cash fund
18-18-406.3. Medical use of marijuana by persons diagnosed with debilitating medical conditions - unlawful acts - penalty - medical marijuana program cash fund. (1) The general assembly hereby finds and declares that:
(a) Section 14 of article XVIII of the state constitution was approved by the registered electors of this state at the 2000 general election;
(b) Section 14 of article XVIII of the state constitution creates limited exceptions to the criminal laws of this state for patients, primary care givers, and physicians concerning the medical use of marijuana by a patient to alleviate an appropriately diagnosed debilitating medical condition;
(c) Section 14 of article XVIII of the state constitution requires a state health agency designated by the governor to establish and maintain a confidential registry of patients authorized to engage in the medical use of marijuana;
(d) The governor, in accordance with paragraph (h) of subsection (1) of section 14 of article XVIII of the state constitution, has designated the department of public health and environment, referred to in this section as the department, to be the state health agency responsible for the administration of the medical marijuana program;
(e) Section 14 of article XVIII of the state constitution requires the department to process the applications of patients who wish to qualify for and be placed on the confidential registry for the medical use of marijuana, and to issue registry identification cards to patients who qualify for placement on the registry;
(f) Section 14 of article XVIII of the state constitution sets forth the lawful limits on the medical use of marijuana;
(g) Section 14 of article XVIII of the state constitution requires the general assembly to determine and enact criminal penalties for specific acts described in the constitutional provision;
(h) In interpreting the provisions of section 14 of article XVIII of the state constitution, the general assembly has applied the definitions contained in subsection (1) of the constitutional provision and has attempted to give the remaining words of the constitutional provision their plain meaning;
(i) This section reflects the considered judgment of the general assembly regarding the meaning and implementation of the provisions of section 14 of article XVIII of the state constitution.
(2) (a) Any person who fraudulently represents a medical condition to a physician, the department, or a state or local law enforcement official for the purpose of falsely obtaining a marijuana registry identification card from the department, or for the purpose of avoiding arrest and prosecution for a marijuana-related offense, commits a class 2 misdemeanor.
(b) If an officer or employee of the department receives information that causes such officer or employee reasonably to believe that fraudulent representation, as described in paragraph (a) of this subsection (2), has occurred, such officer or employee shall report the information to either the district attorney of the county in which the applicant for the marijuana registry identification card resides, or to the attorney general.
(3) The fraudulent use or theft of any person's marijuana registry identification card, including, but not limited to, any card that is required to be returned to the department pursuant to section 14 of article XVIII of the state constitution, is a class 2 misdemeanor.
(4) The fraudulent production or counterfeiting of, or tampering with, one or more marijuana registry identification cards is a class 2 misdemeanor.
se or theft of any person's marijuana registry identification card, including, but not limited to, any card that is required to be returned to the department pursuant to section 14 of article XVIII of the state constitution, is a class 2 misdemeanor.
(4) The fraudulent production or counterfeiting of, or tampering with, one or more marijuana registry identification cards is a class 2 misdemeanor.
(5) Any person, including, but not limited to, any officer, employee, or agent of the department, or any officer, employee, or agent of any state or local law enforcement agency, who releases or makes public any confidential record or any confidential information contained in any such record that is provided to or by the marijuana registry or primary caregiver registry of the department without the written authorization of the marijuana registry patient commits a class 2 misdemeanor.
(6) The use, possession, manufacturing, dispensing, selling, or distribution of a synthetic cannabinoid, as defined in section 18-18-102 (34.5), shall not be considered an exception to the criminal laws of this state for the purposes of this section or of section 14 of article XVIII of the state constitution.
(7) An owner, officer, or employee of a business licensed pursuant to article 10 of title 44, or an employee of the state medical marijuana licensing authority, a local medical marijuana licensing authority, or the department of public health and environment, who releases or makes public a patient's medical record or any confidential information contained in any such record that is provided to or by the business licensed pursuant to article 10 of title 44 without the written authorization of the patient commits a class 2 misdemeanor; except that the owner, officer, or employee shall release the records or information upon request by the state or local medical marijuana licensing authority. The records or information produced for review by the state or local licensing authority shall not become public records by virtue of the disclosure and may be used only for a purpose authorized by article 10 of title 44 or for another state or local law enforcement purpose. The records or information shall constitute medical data as defined by section 24-72-204 (3)(a)(I). The state or local medical marijuana licensing authority may disclose any records or information so obtained only to those persons directly involved with any investigation or proceeding authorized by article 10 of title 44 or for any state or local law enforcement purpose.
C.R.S. § 18-18-406.4 Unlawful advertising of marijuana - exception
18-18-406.4. Unlawful advertising of marijuana - exception. (1) A person who is not licensed to sell medical marijuana or retail marijuana pursuant to article 10 of title 44, or pursuant to the laws regarding medical or retail marijuana under the laws of another state, who knowingly advertises in a newspaper, magazine, handbill, or other publication or on the internet the unlawful sale of marijuana, marijuana concentrate, or a marijuana product by a person not licensed to sell marijuana, marijuana concentrate, or a marijuana product commits a level 2 drug misdemeanor.
(2) The provisions of subsection (1) of this section do not apply to a primary caregiver, as defined in section 14 (1)(f) of article XVIII of the state constitution, who advertises that the primary caregiver is available to be a primary caregiver to a patient, as defined in section 14 (1)(d) of article XVIII of the state constitution.
C.R.S. § 18-18-406.5 Unlawful use of marijuana in a detention facility
18-18-406.5. Unlawful use of marijuana in a detention facility. (1) A person confined in a detention facility in this state who possesses or uses marijuana commits a level 1 drug misdemeanor.
(2) Repealed.
(3) For purposes of this section, "detention facility" means any building, structure, enclosure, vehicle, institution, or place, whether permanent or temporary, fixed or mobile, where persons are or may be lawfully held in custody or confinement under the authority of the state of Colorado or any political subdivision of the state of Colorado.
C.R.S. § 18-18-406.6 Extraction of marijuana concentrate - definitions
18-18-406.6. Extraction of marijuana concentrate - definitions. (1) It shall be unlawful for any person who is not licensed pursuant to article 10 of title 44 to knowingly manufacture marijuana concentrate using an inherently hazardous substance.
(2) It shall be unlawful for any person who is not licensed pursuant to article 10 of title 44 who owns, manages, operates, or otherwise controls the use of any premises to knowingly allow marijuana concentrate to be manufactured on the premises using an inherently hazardous substance.
(3) A person who violates this section commits a level 2 drug felony.
(4) As used in this section, unless the context otherwise requires, "inherently hazardous substance" means any liquid chemical, compressed gas, or commercial product that has a flash point at or lower than thirty-eight degrees celsius or one hundred degrees fahrenheit, including butane, propane, and diethyl ether and excluding all forms of alcohol and ethanol.
C.R.S. § 18-18-406.7 Unlawful possession of cathinones
18-18-406.7. Unlawful possession of cathinones. (Repealed)
C.R.S. § 18-18-406.8 Unlawful distribution, manufacturing, dispensing, or sale of cathinones
18-18-406.8. Unlawful distribution, manufacturing, dispensing, or sale of cathinones. (Repealed)
C.R.S. § 18-18-406.9 Unlawful distribution or purchase of dextromethorphan - penalty - preemption - definitions
18-18-406.9. Unlawful distribution or purchase of dextromethorphan - penalty - preemption - definitions. (1) It is unlawful for a seller, retailer, or vendor to knowingly or willfully dispense, sell, or distribute a finished drug product containing any quantity of dextromethorphan to a person less than eighteen years of age.
(2) (a) A seller, retailer, or vendor making a retail sale of a finished drug product containing any quantity of dextromethorphan must require and obtain proof of age from the purchaser before completing the sale unless the seller, retailer, or vendor reasonably presumes from the purchaser's outward appearance that the purchaser is at least twenty-five years of age.
(b) This section does not require a retail entity to:
(I) Place products in a specific place within a store;
(II) Impose other restrictions on consumers' direct access to finished drug products; or
(III) Maintain transaction records.
(3) A seller, retailer, or vendor who violates subsection (1) or (2)(a) of this section commits an unclassified petty offense and, upon conviction thereof, shall be punished as follows:
(a) For a first offense, the court shall issue a written warning to the seller, retailer, or vendor; and
(b) For a second or subsequent offense, the seller, retailer, or vendor shall pay a fine of not more than two hundred dollars.
(4) This section does not apply to a medication containing dextromethorphan, which medication is sold pursuant to a valid prescription.
(5) If a seller, retailer, or vendor is an employer and trains its employees concerning this section's restrictions on the distribution of medications containing dextromethorphan, such fact is an affirmative defense to any prosecution for an offense described in this section.
(6) As used in this section, unless the context otherwise requires:
(a) "Finished drug product" means a drug legally marketed under the "Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act", 21 U.S.C. sec. 301 et seq., that is in finished dosage form.
(b) "Proof of age" means any document issued by a governmental agency that contains a description or photograph of the person and gives the person's date of birth, including a passport, military or state identification card, or driver's license.
(7) The general assembly finds that the regulation of access to products containing dextromethorphan is a matter of statewide concern, and, therefore, this section preempts any ordinance or code of any city, county, city and county, town, or other political subdivision of this state regulating the distribution or purchase of dextromethorphan.
C.R.S. § 18-18-407 Special offender - definitions
18-18-407. Special offender - definitions. (1) A person who commits a felony offense pursuant to this part 4 under any one or more of the following aggravating circumstances commits a level 1 drug felony and is a special offender:
(a) The defendant committed the violation as part of a pattern of manufacturing, sale, dispensing, or distributing controlled substances, which violation is a felony under applicable laws of Colorado, which constituted a substantial source of that person's income, and in which that person manifested special skill or expertise;
(b) The defendant committed the violation in the course of, or in furtherance of, a conspiracy with one or more persons to engage in a pattern of manufacturing, sale, dispensing, or distributing a controlled substance, which offense is a felony under applicable laws of Colorado, and the defendant did, or agreed that he or she would, initiate, organize, plan, finance, direct, manage, or supervise all or part of such conspiracy or manufacture, sale, dispensing, or distributing, or give or receive a bribe, or use force in connection with such manufacture, sale, dispensing, or distribution;
(c) The defendant committed the violation and in the course of that violation, introduced or imported into the state of Colorado more than fourteen grams of any schedule I or II controlled substance listed in part 2 of this article 18; more than seven grams of methamphetamine, heroin, ketamine, or cathinones; ten milligrams of flunitrazepam; or any material, compound, mixture, or preparation that weighs more than four grams and contains fentanyl, carfentanil, benzimidazole opiate, or an analog thereof as described in section 18-18-204 (2)(g);
(d) (I) The defendant used, displayed, or possessed on his or her person or within his or her immediate reach, a deadly weapon as defined in section 18-1-901 (3)(e) at the time of the commission of a violation; or
(II) The defendant or a confederate of the defendant possessed a firearm, as defined in section 18-1-901 (3)(h), to which the defendant or confederate had access in a manner that posed a risk to others or in a vehicle the defendant was occupying at the time of the commission of the violation;
(e) The defendant solicited, induced, encouraged, intimidated, employed, hired, or procured a child, as defined in section 19-1-103, to act as the defendant's agent to assist in the unlawful distribution, manufacturing, dispensing, sale, or possession for the purposes of sale of any controlled substance at the time of the commission of the violation. It is not a defense pursuant to this subsection (1)(e) that the defendant did not know the age of the child.
(f) (I) The defendant engaged in a continuing criminal enterprise by violating any felony provision; and
(II) The violation is a part of a continuing series of two or more violations of this part 4 on separate occasions:
(A) Which are undertaken by that person in concert with five or more other persons with respect to whom that person occupies a position of organizer, supervisor, or any other position of management; and
(B) From which that person obtained substantial income or resources.
sion; and
(II) The violation is a part of a continuing series of two or more violations of this part 4 on separate occasions:
(A) Which are undertaken by that person in concert with five or more other persons with respect to whom that person occupies a position of organizer, supervisor, or any other position of management; and
(B) From which that person obtained substantial income or resources.
(g) (I) The defendant is convicted of selling, distributing, possessing with intent to distribute, manufacturing, or attempting to manufacture any controlled substance either within or upon the grounds of any public or private elementary school, middle school, junior high school, or high school, vocational school, or public housing development; within one thousand feet of the perimeter of any such school or public housing development grounds on any street, alley, parkway, sidewalk, public park, playground, or other area or premises that is accessible to the public; within any private dwelling that is accessible to the public for the purpose of the sale, distribution, use, exchange, manufacture, or attempted manufacture of controlled substances in violation of this article; or in any school vehicle, as defined in section 42-1-102 (88.5), C.R.S., while such school vehicle is engaged in the transportation of persons who are students.
(II) The department of education may cooperate with local boards of education and the officials of public housing developments and make recommendations regarding the uniform implementation and furnishing of notice of the provisions of this paragraph (g). Such recommendations may include, but need not be limited to, the uniform use of signs and other methods of notification that may be used to implement this paragraph (g).
(III) For the purposes of this section, the term "public housing development" means any low-income housing project of any state, county, municipal, or other governmental entity or public body owned and operated by a public housing authority that has an on-site manager. "Public housing development"does not include single-family dispersed housing or small or large clusters of dispersed housing having no on-site manager.
(h) The defendant committed a violation of section 18-18-405 (2)(a)(I)(D), (2)(b)(I)(D), or (2)(c)(V), and the defendant possessed pill or tablet manufacturing equipment with the intent to use the equipment in the manufacture of a controlled substance.
(2) (a) In support of the findings under paragraph (a) of subsection (1) of this section, it may be shown that the defendant has had in his or her own name or under his or her control income or property not explained as derived from a source other than such manufacture, sale, dispensing, or distribution of controlled substances.
(b) For the purposes of paragraph (a) of subsection (1) of this section only, a "substantial source of that person's income" means a source of income which, for any period of one year or more, exceeds the minimum wage, determined on the basis of a forty-hour week and fifty-week year, or which, for the same period, exceeds fifty percent of the defendant's declared adjusted gross income under Colorado or any other state law or under federal law, whichever adjusted gross income is less.
(c) For the purposes of paragraph (a) of subsection (1) of this section, "special skill or expertise" in such manufacture, sale, dispensing, or distribution includes any unusual knowledge, judgment, or ability, including manual dexterity, facilitating the initiation, organizing, planning, financing, directing, managing, supervising, executing, or concealing of such manufacture, sale, dispensing, or distributing, the enlistment of accomplices in such manufacture, sale, dispensing, or distribution, the escape from detection or apprehension for such manufacture, sale, dispensing, or distribution, or the disposition of the fruits or proceeds of such manufacture, sale, dispensing, or distribution.
directing, managing, supervising, executing, or concealing of such manufacture, sale, dispensing, or distributing, the enlistment of accomplices in such manufacture, sale, dispensing, or distribution, the escape from detection or apprehension for such manufacture, sale, dispensing, or distribution, or the disposition of the fruits or proceeds of such manufacture, sale, dispensing, or distribution.
(d) For the purposes of paragraphs (a) and (b) of subsection (1) of this section, such manufacture, sale, dispensing, or distribution forms a pattern if it embraces criminal acts which have the same or similar purposes, results, participants, victims, or methods of commission or otherwise are interrelated by distinguishing characteristics and are not isolated events.
(3) Reserved.
(4) and (5) (Deleted by amendment, L. 2013.)
C.R.S. § 18-18-408 Money laundering - illegal investments - penalty
18-18-408. Money laundering - illegal investments - penalty. (Repealed)
C.R.S. § 18-18-409 Reduction or suspension of sentence for providing substantial assistance
18-18-409. Reduction or suspension of sentence for providing substantial assistance. Notwithstanding any other provision of this article, the district attorney may request the sentencing court to reduce or suspend the sentence of any individual who is convicted of a violation of section 18-18-405 or 18-18-407 (1)(e) and who provides substantial assistance in the identification, arrest, or conviction of any person for a violation of this article. Upon good cause shown, the request may be filed and heard in camera. The judge hearing the motion may reduce or suspend the sentence if the judge finds that the assistance rendered was substantial.
C.R.S. § 18-18-410 Declaration of class 1 public nuisance
18-18-410. Declaration of class 1 public nuisance. Except as authorized by section 18-18-434, article 170 of title 12, or article 50 of title 44, any store, shop, warehouse, dwelling house, building, vehicle, boat, or aircraft or any place whatsoever that is frequented by controlled substance addicts for the unlawful use of controlled substances or which is used for the unlawful storage, manufacture, sale, or distribution of controlled substances is declared to be a class 1 public nuisance and subject to the provisions of section 16-13-303. Any real or personal property that is seized or confiscated as a result of an action to abate a public nuisance shall be disposed of pursuant to part 7 of article 13 of title 16.
C.R.S. § 18-18-411 Keeping, maintaining, controlling, renting, or making available property for unlawful distribution or manufacture of controlled substances
18-18-411. Keeping, maintaining, controlling, renting, or making available property for unlawful distribution or manufacture of controlled substances. (1) It is unlawful for any person knowingly or intentionally to keep, maintain, control, rent, lease, or make available for use any store, shop, warehouse, dwelling, building, vehicle, vessel, aircraft, room, enclosure, or other structure or place, which that person knows is resorted to for the purpose of keeping for distribution, transporting for distribution, or distributing controlled substances in violation of this article.
(2) Except as authorized by this article, it is unlawful for any person to:
(a) Knowingly or intentionally open or maintain any place which that person knows is resorted to for the purpose of unlawfully manufacturing a controlled substance; or
(b) Manage or control any building, room, or enclosure, either as an owner, lessee, agent, employee, or mortgagee, and knowingly or intentionally rent, lease, or make available for use, with or without compensation, the building, room, or enclosure which that person knows is resorted to for the purpose of unlawfully manufacturing a controlled substance.
(3) A person does not violate subsection (2) of this section:
(a) By reason of any act committed by another person while that other person is unlawfully on or in the structure or place, if the person lacked knowledge of the unlawful presence of that other person; or
(b) If the person has notified a law enforcement agency with jurisdiction to make an arrest for the illegal conduct.
(3.5) It is not a violation of this section if a person is acting in compliance with section 18-18-434, article 170 of title 12, or article 50 of title 44.
(4) A person who violates this section commits a level 1 drug misdemeanor.
(5) Repealed.
C.R.S. § 18-18-412 Abusing toxic vapors - prohibited
18-18-412. Abusing toxic vapors - prohibited. (1) No person shall knowingly smell or inhale the fumes of toxic vapors for the purpose of causing a condition of euphoria, excitement, exhilaration, stupefaction, or dulled senses of the nervous system. No person shall knowingly possess, buy, or use any such substance for the purposes described in this subsection (1), nor shall any person knowingly aid any other person to use any such substance for the purposes described in this subsection (1). This subsection (1) shall not apply to the inhalation of anesthesia or other substances for medical or dental purposes.
(2) A person who knowingly violates the provisions of subsection (1) of this section commits the offense of abusing toxic vapors. Abusing toxic vapors is a level 2 drug misdemeanor.
(3) For the purposes of this section, the term "toxic vapors" means the following substances or products containing such substances:
(a) Alcohols, including methyl, isopropyl, propyl, or butyl;
(b) Aliphatic acetates, including ethyl, methyl, propyl, or methyl cellosolve acetate;
(c) Acetone;
(d) Benzene;
(e) Carbon tetrachloride;
(f) Cyclohexane;
(g) Freons, including freon 11 and freon 12;
(h) Hexane;
(i) Methyl ethyl ketone;
(j) Methyl isobutyl ketone;
(k) Naphtha;
(l) Perchlorethylene;
(m) Toluene;
(n) Trichloroethane; or
(o) Xylene.
(4) In a prosecution for a violation of this section, evidence that a container lists one or more of the substances described in subsection (3) of this section as one of its ingredients shall be prima facie evidence that the substance in such container contains toxic vapors and emits the fumes thereof.
(5) A juvenile charged with an offense pursuant to this section is subject to the jurisdiction of the juvenile court pursuant to section 19-2.5-103.
C.R.S. § 18-18-412.5 Unlawful possession of materials to make methamphetamine and amphetamine - penalty
18-18-412.5. Unlawful possession of materials to make methamphetamine and amphetamine - penalty. (1) The general assembly finds and declares that persons are manufacturing methamphetamine and amphetamine using nonprescription drugs that are readily and legally available. The general assembly further finds that it is necessary to make illegal the possession of such nonprescription drugs with the intent to use them as immediate precursors in manufacturing any controlled substance.
(2) Notwithstanding any other provision of law to the contrary, no person shall possess ephedrine, pseudoephedrine, or phenylpropanolamine, or their salts, isomers, or salts of isomers, with the intent to use such product as an immediate precursor in the manufacture of any controlled substance.
(3) A person who violates the provisions of this section commits a level 2 drug felony.
C.R.S. § 18-18-412.7 Sale or distribution of materials to manufacture controlled substances
18-18-412.7. Sale or distribution of materials to manufacture controlled substances. (1) A person who sells or distributes chemicals, supplies, or equipment, and who knows or reasonably should know or believes that a person intends to use the chemicals, supplies, or equipment to illegally manufacture a controlled substance violates this section.
(1.5) It is not a violation of this section if a person is acting in compliance with section 18-18-434, article 170 of title 12, or article 50 of title 44.
(2) A violation of this section is a level 2 drug felony.
(3) Repealed.
C.R.S. § 18-18-412.8 Retail sale of methamphetamine precursor drugs - unlawful acts - penalty
18-18-412.8. Retail sale of methamphetamine precursor drugs - unlawful acts - penalty.
(1) (Deleted by amendment, L. 2006, p. 1705, § 3, effective July 1, 2006.)
(2) (a) A person may not knowingly deliver in or from a store to the same individual during any twenty-four-hour period more than three and six-tenths grams of a methamphetamine precursor drug or a combination of two or more methamphetamine precursor drugs.
(b) A person may not purchase more than three and six-tenths grams of a methamphetamine precursor drug or a combination of two or more methamphetamine precursor drugs during any twenty-four-hour period.
(c) It is unlawful for a methamphetamine precursor drug that is offered for retail sale in or from a store to be offered for sale or stored or displayed prior to sale in an area of the store to which the public is allowed access.
(2.5) (a) A person may not deliver in a retail sale in or from a store a methamphetamine precursor drug to a minor under eighteen years of age.
(b) It shall be an affirmative defense to a prosecution under this subsection (2.5) that the person performing the retail sale was presented with and reasonably relied upon a document that identified the person receiving the methamphetamine precursor drug as being eighteen years of age or older.
(3) (a) A person who knowingly violates a provision of this section commits a level 2 drug misdemeanor and, upon conviction, shall be punished as provided in section 18-1.3-501.
(b) A person who is an owner, operator, manager, or supervisor at a store in which, or from which, a retail sale of a methamphetamine precursor drug in violation of this section is made shall not be liable under this section if he or she:
(I) Did not have knowledge of the sale; and
(II) Did not participate in the sale; and
(III) Did not knowingly direct the person making the sale to commit a violation of this section.
(4) For purposes of this section:
(a) (I) Except as otherwise provided in subparagraph (II) of this paragraph (a), "methamphetamine precursor drug" means ephedrine, pseudoephedrine, or phenylpropanolamine or their salts, isomers, or salts of isomers.
(II) "Methamphetamine precursor drug" does not include a substance contained in any package or container that is labeled by the manufacturer as intended for pediatric use.
(b) "Person" means an individual who owns, operates, is employed by, or is an agent of a store.
(c) "Store" means any establishment primarily engaged in the sale of goods at retail.
(5) Nothing in this section shall be construed to restrict the discretion of a district attorney to bring charges under this section against a person who also is charged with violating section 18-18-412.7.
C.R.S. § 18-18-413 Authorized possession of controlled substances
18-18-413. Authorized possession of controlled substances. A person to whom or for whose use any controlled substance has been prescribed or dispensed by a practitioner may lawfully possess it, but only in the container in which it was delivered to him unless he is able to show that he is the legal owner or a person acting at the direction of the legal owner of the controlled substance. Any person convicted of violating this section commits a drug petty offense, and the court shall impose a fine of not more than one hundred dollars.
C.R.S. § 18-18-414 Unlawful acts - licenses - penalties
18-18-414. Unlawful acts - licenses - penalties. (1) Except as otherwise provided in this article 18 or in article 280 of title 12, the following acts are unlawful:
(a) The dispensing or possession of a schedule I controlled substance except by a researcher who is registered under federal law to conduct research with that schedule I controlled substance;
(b) Except as provided in subsection (2) of this section, the dispensing of any schedule II controlled substance unless such substance is dispensed:
(I) From a pharmacy pursuant to a written order or an order electronically transmitted in accordance with 21 CFR 1311; or
(II) By any practitioner in the course of his or her professional practice;
(c) The dispensing of any schedule III, IV, or V controlled substance unless such controlled substance is dispensed from a pharmacy pursuant to a written, oral, mechanically produced, computer generated, electronically transmitted, or facsimile transmitted order or is dispensed by any practitioner in the course of his or her professional practice;
(d) The dispensing of any marijuana or marijuana concentrate;
(e) To refill any schedule III, IV, or V controlled substance more than six months after the date on which such prescription was issued or more than five times;
(f) The failure of a pharmacy to file and retain the prescription as required in section 12-280-134;
(g) The failure of a hospital to record and maintain a record of such dispensing as provided in section 12-280-134 or 27-80-210;
(h) The refusal to make available for inspection and to accord full opportunity to check any record or file as required by this article 18, part 1 of article 280 of title 12, or part 2 of article 80 of title 27;
(i) The failure to keep records as required by this article 18, part 1 of article 280 of title 12, or part 2 of article 80 of title 27;
(j) The failure to obtain a license or registration as required by this article 18, part 1 of article 280 of title 12, or part 2 of article 80 of title 27;
(k) Except when controlled substances are dispensed by a practitioner for direct administration in the course of his practice or are dispensed for administration to hospital inpatients, the failure to affix to the immediate container a label stating:
(I) The name and address of the person from whom such controlled substance was dispensed;
(II) The date on which such controlled substance was dispensed;
(III) The number of such prescription as filed in the prescription files of the pharmacy which dispensed such prescription;
(IV) The name of the prescribing practitioner;
(V) The directions for use of the controlled substance as contained in the prescription; and
(VI) The name of the patient and, if for an animal, the name of the owner;
(l) The failure of a practitioner, in dispensing a controlled substance other than by direct administration in the course of his practice, to affix to the immediate container a label bearing directions for use of the controlled substance, his name and registry number, the name of the patient, the date, and, if for an animal, the name of the owner;
(m) The administration of a controlled substance other than to the patient for whom prescribed;
(n) The possession, by any practitioner, of a controlled substance which was not obtained from a pharmacy and which was received from a person who is not licensed as a manufacturer, distributor, or practitioner. It is also unlawful for a pharmacy to have possession of a controlled substance which is received from any person who is not licensed as a manufacturer or distributor; except that a pharmacy may buy controlled substances from another pharmacy.
(o) Knowingly transferring drug precursors to any person who uses them for an unlawful activity;
(p) (Deleted by amendment, L. 96, p. 149, § 5, effective April 8, 1996.)
wful for a pharmacy to have possession of a controlled substance which is received from any person who is not licensed as a manufacturer or distributor; except that a pharmacy may buy controlled substances from another pharmacy.
(o) Knowingly transferring drug precursors to any person who uses them for an unlawful activity;
(p) (Deleted by amendment, L. 96, p. 149, § 5, effective April 8, 1996.)
(q) Knowingly acquiring or obtaining, or attempting to acquire or obtain, possession of a drug precursor by misrepresentation, fraud, forgery, deception, or subterfuge;
(r) Knowingly furnishing false or fraudulent material information in, or omitting any material information from, any application, report, or other document required to be kept or filed under this article 18, part 1 of article 280 of title 12, or part 2 of article 80 of title 27, or any record required to be kept by this article 18, part 1 of article 280 of title 12, or part 2 of article 80 of title 27;
(s) (Deleted by amendment, L. 96, p. 149, § 5, effective April 8, 1996.)
(t) The refusal of entry into any premises for any inspection authorized by this article 18, part 1 of article 280 of title 12, or part 2 of article 80 of title 27.
(2) (a) A pharmacist in an emergency situation, in lieu of a written or electronically transmitted prescription order, in good faith, may dispense up to a seventy-two-hour supply of any controlled substance listed in schedule II of part 2 of this article without a written or electronically transmitted prescription order. An "emergency situation", as used in this paragraph (a), means a situation in which the prescribing practitioner determines:
(I) That immediate dispensing of the controlled substance is necessary for proper treatment of the intended ultimate user;
(II) That no alternative prescription drug is available, including drugs that are not controlled substances under schedule II of part 2 of this article;
(III) That it is not reasonably possible for the prescribing practitioner to provide a written prescription order to be presented to the person dispensing the controlled substance, or to electronically transmit a prescription order to the dispenser, prior to such dispensing.
(b) (I) Upon receiving an emergency oral prescription order from the practitioner, the pharmacist shall immediately reduce the prescription order to writing or an electronic format and shall write or otherwise ensure that the following language and information is recorded in the prescription record: "Authorization for emergency dispensing" and the date and time of dispensing of the oral prescription.
(II) The prescribing practitioner shall reduce the prescription order to writing or an electronic format and shall deliver the prescription order to the pharmacist in person, by facsimile transmission as provided in paragraph (c) of this subsection (2), by mail, or by electronic transmission within seventy-two hours after prescribing the schedule II controlled substance. If delivered by mail, the envelope must be postmarked within seventy-two hours after prescribing. Upon receipt of the prescription order, the pharmacist shall maintain the prescription order with the oral prescription order that has been reduced to writing or an electronic format.
(III) The pharmacist shall notify the board if the prescribing practitioner fails to deliver the written or electronic prescription order to the pharmacist.
be postmarked within seventy-two hours after prescribing. Upon receipt of the prescription order, the pharmacist shall maintain the prescription order with the oral prescription order that has been reduced to writing or an electronic format.
(III) The pharmacist shall notify the board if the prescribing practitioner fails to deliver the written or electronic prescription order to the pharmacist.
(c) (I) A prescription for a controlled substance listed in schedule II of part 2 of this article may be transmitted via facsimile equipment, so long as the original written, signed prescription is presented to the pharmacist for review prior to the actual dispensing of the controlled substance, except as provided in subparagraph (II) of this paragraph (c).
(II) A prescription written for a schedule II controlled substance for a hospice patient or for a resident of a long-term care facility or for the direct home administration to a patient by parenteral, intravenous, intramuscular, subcutaneous, or intraspinal infusion (infusion drug therapy) may be transmitted by the practitioner or the practitioner's agent to the dispensing pharmacy or pharmacist by facsimile transmission. The practitioner or the practitioner's agent shall note on the prescription that the patient is a hospice patient or a resident in a long-term care facility or a patient receiving infusion drug therapy. The facsimile serves as the original written prescription for purposes of this section and shall be maintained as specified by the board.
(III) For the purposes of this paragraph (c):
(A) "Hospice patient" means an individual who is receiving hospice care from an entity licensed and regulated by the department of public health and environment pursuant to sections 25-1.5-103 (1)(a)(I) and 25-3-101, C.R.S.
(B) "Long-term care facility" means a facility that is licensed and regulated as a skilled nursing facility or nursing care facility by the department of public health and environment pursuant to sections 25-1.5-103 (1)(a)(I) and 25-3-101, C.R.S.
(3) A person who violates paragraph (a), (b), (c), or (d) of subsection (1) of this section commits a level 4 drug felony.
(4) A person who violates paragraph (e), (f), (g), (h), (i), (j), (k), (l), (m), or (n) of subsection (1) of this section or subsection (2) of this section or any other provision of this part 4 for which a penalty is not specified is guilty of a level 2 drug misdemeanor.
(5) A person who violates paragraph (o), (q), (r), or (t) of subsection (1) of this section commits a level 3 drug felony.
C.R.S. § 18-18-415 Fraud and deceit
18-18-415. Fraud and deceit. (1) (a) No person shall obtain a controlled substance or procure the administration of a controlled substance by fraud, deceit, misrepresentation, or subterfuge; or by the forgery or alteration of an order; or by the concealment of a material fact; or by the use of a false name or the giving of a false address.
(b) Information communicated to a practitioner in an effort to procure a controlled substance other than for legitimate treatment purposes or unlawfully to procure the administration of any such controlled substance shall not be deemed a privileged communication.
(c) No person shall willfully make a false statement in any order, report, or record required by this article.
(d) No person, for the purpose of obtaining a controlled substance, shall falsely assume the title of, or represent himself to be, a manufacturer, distributor, practitioner, or other person authorized by law to obtain a controlled substance.
(e) No person shall make or utter any false or forged order.
(f) No person shall affix any false or forged label to a package or receptacle containing a controlled substance.
(2) Any person who violates any provision of this section commits:
(a) A level 4 drug felony and shall be punished as provided in section 18-1.3-401.5.
(b) (Deleted by amendment, L. 2010, (HB 10-1352), ch. 259, p. 1170, § 8, effective August 11, 2010.)
C.R.S. § 18-18-416 Controlled substances - inducing consumption by fraudulent means
18-18-416. Controlled substances - inducing consumption by fraudulent means. (1) It is unlawful for any person, surreptitiously or by means of fraud, misrepresentation, suppression of truth, deception, or subterfuge, to cause any other person to unknowingly consume or receive the direct administration of any controlled substance, as defined in section 18-18-102 (5); except that nothing in this section shall diminish the scope of health care authorized by law.
(2) A person who violates the provisions of this section commits a level 3 drug felony.
C.R.S. § 18-18-417 Notice of conviction
18-18-417. Notice of conviction. Upon the conviction of any person for a violation of any provision of this part 4, a copy of the judgment, sentence, and opinion, if any, of the court shall be sent by the clerk of the court to the state board of pharmacy or the department of public health and environment or officer, if any, by whom the convicted defendant has been licensed or registered to practice his profession or to carry on his business.
C.R.S. § 18-18-418 Exemptions
18-18-418. Exemptions. (1) The provisions of section 18-18-414 do not apply to:
(a) Agents of persons licensed under part 2 of article 80 of title 27, C.R.S., or under part 3 of this article, acting within the provisions of their licenses; or
(b) Officers or employees of appropriate agencies of federal, state, or local governments acting pursuant to their official duties; or
(c) A student who is in possession of an immediate precursor who is enrolled in a chemistry class for credit at an institution of higher education, or a work study student, a teaching assistant, a graduate assistant, or a laboratory assistant, if such student's or assistant's use of the immediate precursor is for a bona fide educational purpose or research purpose and if the chemistry department of the institution of higher education otherwise possesses all the necessary licenses required by the BHA.
(2) All combination drugs that are exempted by regulation of the attorney general of the United States department of justice, pursuant to section 1006 (b) of Public Law 91-513 (84 Stat. 1236), known as the "Comprehensive Drug Abuse Prevention and Control Act of 1970", on or after July 1, 1981, are exempted from the provisions of part 1 of article 280 of title 12, part 2 of article 80 of title 27, and part 3 of this article 18.
(3) The provisions of this part 4 do not apply to peyote if said controlled substance is used in religious ceremonies of any bona fide religious organization.
(4) The provisions of sections 12-280-134 and 27-80-210 shall not apply to a practitioner authorized to prescribe with respect to any controlled substance that is listed in schedule III, IV, or V of part 2 of this article 18 and that is manufactured, received, or dispensed by the practitioner in the course of his or her professional practice unless he or she dispenses, other than by direct administration, any such controlled substance to patients and they are charged therefor either separately or together with charges for other professional services or unless the practitioner regularly engages in dispensing any such controlled substance to his or her patients.
(5) The exemptions set forth in this section shall be available as a defense to any person accused of violating the provisions of section 18-18-414.
(6) It shall not be necessary for the state to negate any exemption or exception in this part 4, part 1 of article 280 of title 12, part 2 of article 80 of title 27, or part 3 of this article 18 in any complaint, information, indictment, or other pleading or in any trial, hearing, or other proceeding under this part 4. The burden of proof of any such exemption or exception is upon the person claiming it.
C.R.S. § 18-18-419 Imitation and counterfeit controlled substances act
18-18-419. Imitation and counterfeit controlled substances act. Sections 18-18-419 to 18-18-424 shall be known and may be cited as the "Imitation and Counterfeit Controlled Substances Act".
C.R.S. § 18-18-420 Imitation controlled substances - definitions
18-18-420. Imitation controlled substances - definitions. As used in sections 18-18-419 to 18-18-424, unless the context otherwise requires:
(1) "Controlled substance" shall have the same meaning as set forth in section 18-18-102 (5).
(2) "Distribute" means the actual, constructive, or attempted transfer, delivery, or dispensing to another of an imitation controlled substance, with or without remuneration.
(3) "Imitation controlled substance" means a substance that is not the controlled substance that it is purported to be but which, by appearance, including color, shape, size, and markings, by representations made, and by consideration of all relevant factors as set forth in section 18-18-421, would lead a reasonable person to believe that the substance is the controlled substance that it is purported to be.
(4) "Manufacture" means the production, preparation, compounding, processing, encapsulating, packaging or repackaging, or labeling or relabeling of an imitation controlled substance.
C.R.S. § 18-18-421 Imitation controlled substances - determination - considerations
18-18-421. Imitation controlled substances - determination - considerations. (1) In determining whether a substance is an imitation controlled substance, the trier of fact may consider, in addition to all other relevant factors, the following:
(a) Statements by an owner or by anyone in control of the substance concerning the nature of the substance or its use or effect;
(b) Statements made to the recipient that the substance may be resold for inordinate profit which is more than the normal markup charged by legal retailers of similar pharmaceutical products;
(c) Whether the substance is packaged in a manner normally used for illicit controlled substances;
(d) Evasive tactics or actions utilized by the owner or person in control of the substance to avoid detection by law enforcement authorities;
(e) The proximity of the imitation controlled substance to any controlled substances when conduct purported to be illegal under this article is observed.
C.R.S. § 18-18-422 Imitation controlled substances - violations - penalties
18-18-422. Imitation controlled substances - violations - penalties. (1) (a) Except as provided in section 18-18-424, it is unlawful for a person to manufacture, distribute, or possess with intent to distribute an imitation controlled substance.
(b) A person who violates the provisions of paragraph (a) of this subsection (1) commits:
(I) A level 4 drug felony.
(II) (Deleted by amendment, L. 2013.)
(2) (a) If an adult distributes an imitation controlled substance to a minor and the adult is at least two years older than the minor, the adult commits a level 3 drug felony.
(b) (Deleted by amendment, L. 2013.)
(3) (a) It is unlawful for a person to place in a newspaper, magazine, handbill, or other publication or to post or distribute in a public place an advertisement or solicitation that the person knows will promote the distribution of imitation controlled substances.
(b) A person who violates the provisions of paragraph (a) of this subsection (3) commits a level 1 drug misdemeanor.
(4) It is not a defense to a violation of this section that the defendant believed that the imitation controlled substance was a genuine controlled substance.
C.R.S. § 18-18-423 Counterfeit substances prohibited - penalty
18-18-423. Counterfeit substances prohibited - penalty. (1) It is unlawful for any person knowingly or intentionally to manufacture, deliver, or possess with intent to manufacture or deliver, a controlled substance which, or the container or labeling of which, without authorization, bears the trademark, trade name, or other identifying mark, imprint, number, or device, or any likeness thereof, of a manufacturer, distributor, or dispenser, other than the person who in fact manufactured, distributed, or dispensed the substance.
(2) It is unlawful for any person knowingly or intentionally to make, distribute, or possess a punch, die, plate, stone, or other thing designed to print, imprint, or reproduce the trademark, trade name, or other identifying mark, imprint, or device of another or any likeness of any of the foregoing upon any drug or container or labeling thereof.
(3) A person who violates this section commits a level 3 drug felony.
C.R.S. § 18-18-424 Imitation controlled substances - exceptions
18-18-424. Imitation controlled substances - exceptions. The provisions of sections 18-18-419 to 18-18-424 shall not apply to practitioners licensed, registered, or otherwise authorized under the laws of this state to possess, administer, dispense, or distribute a controlled substance, if the distribution, possession, dispensing, or administering of the imitation controlled substance is done in the lawful course of his professional practice.
C.R.S. § 18-18-425 Drug paraphernalia - legislative declaration
18-18-425. Drug paraphernalia - legislative declaration. (1) The general assembly hereby finds and declares that the possession, sale, manufacture, delivery, or advertisement of drug paraphernalia results in the legitimization and encouragement of the illegal use of controlled substances by making the drug culture more visible and enticing and that the ready availability of drug paraphernalia tends to promote, suggest, or increase the public acceptability of the illegal use of controlled substances. Therefore, the purposes of the provisions controlling drug paraphernalia are:
(a) To protect and promote the public peace, health, safety, and welfare by prohibiting the possession, sale, manufacture, and delivery, or advertisement, of drug paraphernalia; and
(b) To deter the use of controlled substances by controlling the drug paraphernalia associated with their use.
C.R.S. § 18-18-426 Drug paraphernalia - definitions
18-18-426. Drug paraphernalia - definitions. As used in sections 18-18-425 to 18-18-430, unless the context otherwise requires:
(1) "Drug paraphernalia" means all equipment, products, and materials of any kind that are used, intended for use, or designed for use in planting, propagating, cultivating, growing, harvesting, manufacturing, compounding, converting, producing, processing, preparing, packaging, repackaging, storing, containing, concealing, injecting, ingesting, inhaling, or otherwise introducing into the human body a controlled substance in violation of the laws of this state. "Drug paraphernalia" includes, but is not limited to:
(a) Repealed.
(b) Scales and balances used, intended for use, or designed for use in weighing or measuring controlled substances;
(c) Separation gins and sifters used, intended for use, or designed for use in removing twigs and seeds from or in otherwise cleaning or refining marijuana;
(d) Blenders, bowls, containers, spoons, and mixing devices used, intended for use, or designed for use in compounding controlled substances;
(e) Capsules, balloons, envelopes, and other containers used, intended for use, or designed for use in packaging small quantities of controlled substances;
(f) Containers and other objects used, intended for use, or designed for use in storing or concealing controlled substances; or
(g) Objects used, intended for use, or designed for use in ingesting, inhaling, or otherwise introducing marijuana, cocaine, hashish, or hashish oil into the human body, such as:
(I) Metal, wooden, acrylic, glass, stone, plastic, or ceramic pipes with or without screens, permanent screens, hashish heads, or punctured metal bowls;
(II) Water pipes;
(III) Carburetion tubes and devices;
(IV) Smoking and carburetion masks;
(V) Roach clips, meaning objects used to hold burning material, such as a marijuana cigarette that has become too small or too short to be held in the hand;
(VI) Miniature cocaine spoons and cocaine vials;
(VII) Chamber pipes;
(VIII) Carburetor pipes;
(IX) Electric pipes;
(X) Air-driven pipes;
(XI) Chillums;
(XII) Bongs; or
(XIII) Ice pipes or chillers.
(2) "Drug paraphernalia" does not include:
(a) Any marijuana accessories as defined in section 16 (2)(g) of article XVIII of the state constitution; or
(b) Testing equipment used, intended for use, or designed for use in identifying or in analyzing the strength, effectiveness, or purity of controlled substances.
C.R.S. § 18-18-427 Drug paraphernalia - determination - considerations
18-18-427. Drug paraphernalia - determination - considerations. (1) In determining whether an object is drug paraphernalia, a court, in its discretion, may consider, in addition to all other relevant factors, the following:
(a) Statements by an owner or by anyone in control of the object concerning its use;
(b) The proximity of the object to controlled substances;
(c) The existence of any residue of controlled substances on the object;
(d) Direct or circumstantial evidence of the knowledge of an owner, or of anyone in control of the object, or evidence that such person reasonably should know, that it will be delivered to persons who he knows or reasonably should know, could use the object to facilitate a violation of sections 18-18-425 to 18-18-430;
(e) Instructions, oral or written, provided with the object concerning its use;
(f) Descriptive materials accompanying the object which explain or depict its use;
(g) National or local advertising concerning its use;
(h) The manner in which the object is displayed for sale;
(i) Whether the owner, or anyone in control of the object, is a supplier of like or related items to the community for legal purposes, such as an authorized distributor or dealer of tobacco products;
(j) The existence and scope of legal uses for the object in the community;
(k) Expert testimony concerning its use.
(2) In the event a case brought pursuant to sections 18-18-425 to 18-18-430 is tried before a jury, the court shall hold an evidentiary hearing on issues raised pursuant to this section. Such hearing shall be conducted in camera.
C.R.S. § 18-18-428 Possession of drug paraphernalia - penalty - exceptions
18-18-428. Possession of drug paraphernalia - penalty - exceptions. (1) (a) Except as described in section 18-1-711 and paragraph (b) of this subsection (1), a person commits possession of drug paraphernalia if he or she possesses drug paraphernalia and knows or reasonably should know that the drug paraphernalia could be used under circumstances in violation of the laws of this state.
(b) (I) Prior to searching a person, a person's premises, or a person's vehicle, a peace officer may ask the person whether the person is in possession of a hypodermic needle or syringe that may cut or puncture the officer or whether such a hypodermic needle or syringe is on the premises or in the vehicle to be searched. If a hypodermic needle or syringe is on the person, on the person's premises, or in the person's vehicle and the person, either in response to the officer's question or voluntarily, alerts the officer of that fact prior to the search, assessment, or treatment, the peace officer shall not arrest or cite the person pursuant to this section for the hypodermic needle or syringe or section 18-18-403.5 for any minuscule, residual controlled substance that may be present in a used hypodermic needle or syringe, and the district attorney shall not charge or prosecute the person pursuant to this section for the hypodermic needle or syringe or section 18-18-403.5 for any minuscule, residual controlled substance that may be present in a used hypodermic needle or syringe. The circumstances described in this paragraph (b) may be used as a factor in a probable cause or reasonable suspicion determination of any criminal offense if the original stop or search was lawful.
(II) Prior to assessing or treating a person, an emergency medical service provider, as defined in section 18-3-201 (1.3), or other first responder may ask the person whether the person is in possession of a hypodermic needle or syringe that may cut or puncture the technician or first responder. If a hypodermic needle or syringe is on the person, and the person, either in response to the question or voluntarily, alerts the emergency medical service provider or first responder of that fact, a peace officer shall not arrest or cite the person pursuant to this section for the hypodermic needle or syringe or section 18-18-403.5 for any minuscule, residual controlled substance that may be present in a used hypodermic needle or syringe, and the district attorney shall not charge or prosecute the person pursuant to this section for the hypodermic needle or syringe or section 18-18-403.5 for any minuscule, residual controlled substance that may be present in a used hypodermic needle or syringe.
(III) This section does not apply to the possession of drug paraphernalia that a person received from an approved syringe exchange program created pursuant to section 25-1-520 or a program carried out by a harm reduction organization, as defined in section 12-30-110 (7), while participating in the program.
(2) Any person who commits possession of drug paraphernalia commits a drug petty offense and, upon conviction thereof, shall be punished by a fine of not more than one hundred dollars.
C.R.S. § 18-18-429 Manufacture, sale, or delivery of drug paraphernalia - penalty
18-18-429. Manufacture, sale, or delivery of drug paraphernalia - penalty. Any person who sells or delivers, possesses with intent to sell or deliver, or manufactures with intent to sell or deliver equipment, products, or materials knowing, or under circumstances where one reasonably should know, that such equipment, products, or materials could be used as drug paraphernalia commits a level 2 drug misdemeanor.
C.R.S. § 18-18-430 Advertisement of drug paraphernalia - penalty
18-18-430. Advertisement of drug paraphernalia - penalty. Any person who places an advertisement in a newspaper, magazine, handbill, or other publication and who intends thereby to promote the sale in this state of equipment, products, or materials designed and intended for use as drug paraphernalia commits a level 2 drug misdemeanor.
C.R.S. § 18-18-430.5 Drug paraphernalia - exemption
18-18-430.5. Drug paraphernalia - exemption. (1) A person is exempt from sections 18-18-425 to 18-18-430 if the person is:
(a) Participating as an employee, volunteer, or participant in an approved syringe exchange program created pursuant to section 25-1-520; or
(b) A pharmacist or pharmacy technician who sells nonprescription syringes or needles pursuant to section 12-280-123 (4).
(c) Using equipment, products, or materials in compliance with section 18-18-434, article 170 of title 12, or article 50 of title 44. The manufacture, possession, and distribution of such equipment, products, or materials is authorized within the meaning of 21 U.S.C. 863 sec. (f).
C.R.S. § 18-18-431 Defenses
18-18-431. Defenses. The common law defense known as the "procuring agent defense" is not a defense to any crime in this title.
C.R.S. § 18-18-432 Drug offender public service and rehabilitation program - definitions
18-18-432. Drug offender public service and rehabilitation program - definitions. (1) As used in this section, unless the context otherwise requires:
(a) "Convicted" and "conviction" mean a plea of guilty, including a plea of guilty entered pursuant to a deferred sentence under section 18-1.3-102, or a verdict of guilty by a judge or jury, and includes a plea of no contest accepted by the court.
(b) "Drug offender" means any person convicted of any offense under this article.
(c) "Useful public service" means any work which is beneficial to the public and which involves a minimum of direct supervision or other public cost. "Useful public service" does not include any work which would endanger the health or safety of a drug offender.
(2) (a) Upon conviction for an offense committed on or after March 1, 2020, a court shall sentence each drug offender, other than an offender sentenced to the department of corrections or an offender sentenced directly to a community corrections facility, to pay for and complete, at a minimum, forty-eight hours of useful public service for any felony, twenty-four hours of useful public service for any misdemeanor, and sixteen hours of useful public service for any petty offense. Such useful public service is in addition to, and not in lieu of, any other sentence received by the drug offender. The court may suspend any portion of the minimum number of useful public service hours ordered when completion of the useful public service requirement interferes with appropriate and necessary treatment or with any other requirements of probation ordered by the court. If any drug offender is sentenced to probation, whether supervised by the court or by a probation officer, the order to pay for and complete the useful public service hours is made a condition of probation.
(b) Repealed.
(c) (I) If not already established pursuant to law, there may be established in each judicial district in the state a useful public service program under the direction of the chief judge of the judicial district. The purpose of the useful public service program is to identify and seek the cooperation of governmental entities and political subdivisions thereof and corporations organized not for profit or charitable trusts, as specified in subsection (2)(c)(II) of this section, for the purpose of providing useful public service jobs; to interview and assign persons who have been ordered by the court to perform useful public service to suitable useful public service jobs; and to monitor compliance or noncompliance of such persons in performing useful public service assignments as specified in subsection (2)(a) of this section. Nothing in this subsection (2) limits the authority of an entity that is the recipient of community or useful public service to accept or reject such service, in its sole discretion.
(II) In addition to governmental entities and political subdivisions thereof, the following organizations are eligible to provide community or useful public service jobs established under this section or any other provision of law so long as they meet any other requirement related to the provision of those jobs, as established by the entity that is the recipient of community or useful public service:
(A) A charitable trust or other organization that is exempt from taxation under section 501 (c)(3) of the federal "Internal Revenue Code of 1986", as amended;
(B) A civic league or organization that is exempt from taxation under section 501 (c)(4) of the federal "Internal Revenue Code of 1986", as amended, and that also would qualify as a veterans' service organization as defined in section 501 (c)(19) of the federal "Internal Revenue Code of 1986", as amended; and
(C) A veterans' service organization that is exempt from taxation under section 501 (c)(19) of the federal "Internal Revenue Code of 1986", as amended.
under section 501 (c)(4) of the federal "Internal Revenue Code of 1986", as amended, and that also would qualify as a veterans' service organization as defined in section 501 (c)(19) of the federal "Internal Revenue Code of 1986", as amended; and
(C) A veterans' service organization that is exempt from taxation under section 501 (c)(19) of the federal "Internal Revenue Code of 1986", as amended.
(d) Any general public liability insurance policy obtained pursuant to this subsection (2) shall be in a sum of not less than the current limit on government liability under the "Colorado Governmental Immunity Act", article 10 of title 24, C.R.S.
(e) For the purposes of the "Colorado Governmental Immunity Act", article 10 of title 24, C.R.S., "public employee" does not include any person who is sentenced pursuant to this subsection (2) to participate in any type of useful public service.
(f) No governmental entity shall be liable under the "Workers' Compensation Act of Colorado", articles 40 to 47 of title 8, C.R.S., or under the "Colorado Employment Security Act", articles 70 to 82 of title 8, C.R.S., for any benefits on account of any person who is sentenced pursuant to this section to participate in any type of useful public service, but nothing in this subsection (2) shall prohibit a governmental entity from electing to accept the provisions of the "Workers' Compensation Act of Colorado" by purchasing and keeping in force a policy of workers' compensation insurance covering such person.
(3) Upon a plea of guilty, including a plea of guilty entered pursuant to a deferred sentence pursuant to section 18-1.3-102 or a verdict of guilty by the court or a jury, to any felony offense pursuant to this article 18, the court shall order the drug offender to immediately report to the sheriff's department in the county where the drug offender was charged, at which time the drug offender's fingerprints and photographs must be taken and returned to the court, which fingerprints and photographs become a part of the court's official documents and records pertaining to the charges against the drug offender and the drug offender's identification in association with such charges. On any trial for a violation of any criminal law of this state, a duly authenticated copy of the record of former convictions and judgments of any court of record for any of said crimes against the drug offender named in said convictions and judgments is prima facie evidence of such convictions and may be used in evidence against the drug offender. Identification photographs and fingerprints that are part of the record of such former convictions and judgments of any court of record or which are part of the record at the place of the drug offender's incarceration after sentencing for any of such former convictions and judgments are prima facie evidence of the identity of the drug offender and may be used in evidence against such drug offender. Any drug offender who fails to immediately comply with the court's order to report to the sheriff's department, to furnish fingerprints, or to have photographs taken may be held in contempt of court.
C.R.S. § 18-18-433 Constitutional provisions
18-18-433. Constitutional provisions. The provisions of this part 4 do not apply to a person twenty-one years of age or older acting in conformance with section 16 of article XVIII of the state constitution and do not apply to a person acting in conformance with section 14 of article XVIII of the state constitution.
C.R.S. § 18-18-434 Offenses relating to natural medicine and natural medicine product - definitions
18-18-434. Offenses relating to natural medicine and natural medicine product - definitions. (1) A person who is under twenty-one years of age who knowingly possesses or consumes natural medicine or natural medicine product commits a drug petty offense and, upon conviction thereof, is subject to a fine of not more than one hundred dollars or not more than four hours of substance use education or counseling; except that a second or subsequent conviction for a violation of this subsection (1) is subject to a fine of not more than one hundred dollars, not more than four hours of substance use education or counseling, and not more than twenty-four hours of useful public service.
(2) A person who openly and publicly displays or consumes natural medicine or natural medicine product commits a drug petty offense and, upon conviction thereof, is subject to a fine of not more than one hundred dollars and not more than twenty-four hours of useful public service.
(3) (a) A person who knowingly cultivates natural medicine that cumulatively exceeds an area of more than twelve feet wide by twelve feet long in one or more cultivation areas on the private property, or knowingly allows such cultivation on private property that the person owns, occupies, or controls, commits a drug petty offense, and upon conviction thereof, is subject to a fine of not more than one thousand dollars.
(b) (I) Except as provided in subsection (3)(b)(II) of this section, a person who knowingly cultivates natural medicine on the private property outside of an enclosed and locked space, or knowingly allows such cultivation on the private property outside of an enclosed and locked space, that the person owns, occupies, or controls, commits a drug petty offense, and upon conviction thereof, is subject to a fine of not more than one thousand dollars.
(II) It is not a violation of this subsection (3)(b) if the person who is cultivating natural medicine is twenty-one years of age or older, if the cultivation area is located in a dwelling on the private property, and:
(A) If a person under twenty-one years of age lives at the dwelling, the cultivation area itself is enclosed and locked; or
(B) If no person under twenty-one years of age lives at the dwelling, the external locks on the dwelling constitute an enclosed and locked space, but if a person under twenty-one years of age enters the dwelling, the person cultivating the natural medicine shall ensure that access to the cultivation area is reasonably restricted for the duration of the person under twenty-one years of age's presence in the private property.
(c) It is not a violation of subsection (3)(a) of this section if a county, municipality, or city and county law expressly permits the cultivation of natural medicine that cumulatively exceeds an area of more than twelve feet wide by twelve feet long in one or more cultivation areas on the private property and the person cultivates the natural medicine in an enclosed and locked space within the limit set by the county, municipality, or city and county where the natural medicine is located.
(4) (a) It is unlawful for a person who is not licensed pursuant to article 50 of title 44 to knowingly manufacture natural medicine product using an inherently hazardous substance.
(b) It is unlawful for a person who is not licensed pursuant to article 50 of title 44 who owns, manages, operates, or otherwise controls the use of a property to knowingly allow natural medicine product to be manufactured on the premises using an inherently hazardous substance.
nt to article 50 of title 44 to knowingly manufacture natural medicine product using an inherently hazardous substance.
(b) It is unlawful for a person who is not licensed pursuant to article 50 of title 44 who owns, manages, operates, or otherwise controls the use of a property to knowingly allow natural medicine product to be manufactured on the premises using an inherently hazardous substance.
(c) A person who violates this subsection (4) commits a level 2 drug felony.
(5) (a) Unless expressly limited by this section, article 170 of title 12, or article 50 of title 44, a person who, for the purpose of personal use and without remuneration, possesses, consumes, shares, cultivates, or manufactures natural medicine or natural medicine product, does not violate state law, or county, municipality, or city and county ordinance, rule, or resolution.
(b) Unless expressly limited by this section, a person who performs testing on natural medicine or natural medicine product, and possesses natural medicine or natural medicine product in conjunction therewith, for another person who is twenty-one years of age or older who submits for testing natural medicine or natural medicine product intended for personal use, does not violate state law, or county, municipality, or city and county ordinance, rule, or resolution, article 170 of title 12, or article 50 of title 44, if:
(I) The person performing the testing provides written notice to the person submitting for testing natural medicine or natural medicine product intended for personal use that the person is not licensed by the state to conduct testing; and
(II) The person who submits for testing natural medicine or natural medicine product provides a signed statement that the natural medicine or natural medicine product is intended for personal use only.
(c) Nothing in this section permits a person to:
(I) Dispense, sell, distribute, or possess with intent to dispense, sell, or distribute natural medicine or natural medicine product to a person under twenty-one years of age;
(II) Dispense, sell, distribute, or possess with intent to dispense, sell, or distribute, natural medicine or natural medicine product for remuneration, except as provided by article 170 of title 12 and article 50 of title 44;
(III) Manufacture, cultivate, possess, consume, use, dispense, or distribute natural medicine or natural medicine product, or possess with intent to manufacture, cultivate, possess, consume, use, dispense, or distribute natural medicine or natural medicine product for a purpose other than personal use or as provided by article 170 of title 12 and article 50 of title 44;
(IV) Dispense, distribute, or possess with intent to dispense or distribute natural medicine or natural medicine product as a part of a business promotion or commercial activity, except as provided by article 170 of title 12 and article 50 of title 44; or
(V) Dispense, sell, or distribute, or possess with intent to dispense, sell, or distribute, ibogaine or natural medicine product that contains ibogaine to another person, except as provided by article 170 of title 12 and article 50 of title 44.
(d) A peace officer shall not arrest a person, and a district attorney shall not charge or prosecute a person, for a criminal offense involving natural medicine or natural medicine product pursuant to this part 4, except as expressly provided in this section.
(e) Notwithstanding any provision of this section to the contrary, a peace officer may arrest a person, or a district attorney may charge or prosecute a person, for a criminal offense that is not expressly lawful pursuant to this section or article 170 of title 12 and article 50 of title 44.
(6) Notwithstanding any law to the contrary, an action that is lawful pursuant to this section, article 170 of title 12, or article 50 of title 44, individually or in combination with another action that is lawful pursuant to this section, must not be the sole reason to:
a criminal offense that is not expressly lawful pursuant to this section or article 170 of title 12 and article 50 of title 44.
(6) Notwithstanding any law to the contrary, an action that is lawful pursuant to this section, article 170 of title 12, or article 50 of title 44, individually or in combination with another action that is lawful pursuant to this section, must not be the sole reason to:
(a) Subject a person to a civil fine, penalty, or sanction;
(b) Deny a person a right or privilege; or
(c) Seize or forfeit assets.
(7) (a) Except as provided in subsection (7)(b) of this section, an action that is lawful pursuant to this section, individually or in combination with another action that is lawful pursuant to this section, must not solely be used as a factor in a probable cause determination of any criminal offense.
(b) An action that is lawful pursuant to this section may be used as a factor in a probable cause determination of any criminal offense if the original stop or search was lawful and other factors are present to support a probable cause determination of any criminal offense.
(8) The fact that a person is entitled to consume natural medicine or natural medicine product under the laws of this state does not constitute a defense against any charge for violation of an offense related to the operation of a vehicle, aircraft, boat, machinery, or other device.
(9) A county, municipality, or city and county shall not adopt, enact, or enforce any ordinance, rule, or resolution imposing any greater criminal or civil penalty than provided by this section or that is otherwise in conflict with this section.
(10) Nothing in this section prohibits a person or any entity who occupies, owns, or controls a property from prohibiting or otherwise regulating the cultivation or manufacture of natural medicine or natural medicine product on or in that property.
(11) Notwithstanding any other law to the contrary, the offenses provided for in this section do not apply to a person possessing, displaying, cultivating, purchasing, or selling a living plant for ornamental purposes only that was commonly and lawfully sold prior to July 1, 2023. For purposes of this section, a "living plant" does not include mushrooms or other fungal matter.
(12) As used in this section, unless the context otherwise requires:
(a) "Inherently hazardous substance" means any liquid chemical, compressed gas, or commercial product that has a flash point at or lower than thirty-eight degrees celsius or one hundred degrees fahrenheit, including butane, propane, and diethyl ether, and excluding all forms of alcohol and ethanol.
(b) (I) "Natural medicine" means the following substances:
(A) Dimethyltryptamine;
(B) Mescaline;
(C) Ibogaine;
(D) Psilocybin; or
(E) Psilocin.
(II) "Natural medicine" does not mean a synthetic or synthetic analog of the substances listed in this subsection (12)(b), including a derivative of a naturally occurring compound of natural medicine that is produced using chemical synthesis, chemical modification, or chemical conversion.
(III) Notwithstanding subsection (12)(b)(I) of this section, "mescaline" does not include peyote, meaning all parts of the plant classified botanically as lophophora williamsii lemaire, whether growing or not; its seeds; any extract from any part of the plant, and every compound, salt, derivative, mixture, or preparation of the plant; or its seeds or extracts.
(c) "Natural medicine product" means a product infused with natural medicine that is intended for consumption.
oes not include peyote, meaning all parts of the plant classified botanically as lophophora williamsii lemaire, whether growing or not; its seeds; any extract from any part of the plant, and every compound, salt, derivative, mixture, or preparation of the plant; or its seeds or extracts.
(c) "Natural medicine product" means a product infused with natural medicine that is intended for consumption.
(d) "Personal use" means the consumption or use of natural medicine or natural medicine product; or the amount of natural medicine or natural medicine product a person may lawfully possess, cultivate, or manufacture that is necessary to share with another person who is twenty-one years of age or older within the context of counseling, spiritual guidance, beneficial community-based use and healing, supported use, or related services. "Personal use" does not mean the sale of natural medicine or natural medicine product for remuneration; the possession, cultivation, or manufacture of natural medicine or natural medicine product with intent to sell the natural medicine or natural medicine product for remuneration; or the possession, cultivation, manufacture, or distribution of natural medicine or natural medicine product for business or commercial purposes, except as provided by article 170 of title 12 and article 50 of title 44. Nothing in this section precludes remuneration for bona fide harm reduction services or bona fide support services used concurrently with the sharing of natural medicine or natural medicine product, provided that there is no advertisement related to the sharing of natural medicine, natural medicine product, or the services provided, and provided that the individual providing the services informs an individual engaging in the services that the individual is not a licensed facilitator pursuant to article 170 of title 12.
(e) "Private property" means a dwelling, its curtilage, and a structure within the curtilage that is being used by a natural person or natural persons for habitation and that is not open to the public.
(f) "Remuneration" means anything of value, including money, real property, tangible and intangible personal property, contract right, chose in action, service, any right of use or employment or promise or agreement connected therewith, business promotion, or commercial activity.
C.R.S. § 18-18-501 Administrative inspections and warrants
18-18-501. Administrative inspections and warrants. (1) As used in this section, "controlled premises" means:
(a) Places where persons registered or exempted from registration requirements under this article are required to keep records; and
(b) Places including factories, warehouses, establishments, and conveyances in which persons registered or exempted from registration requirements under this article are permitted to hold, manufacture, compound, process, sell, deliver, or otherwise dispose of any controlled substance.
(2) The procedure for issuance and execution of administrative inspection warrants is as follows:
(a) A judge of a state court of record within the judge's jurisdiction, and upon proper oath or affirmation showing probable cause, may issue warrants for the purpose of conducting administrative inspections of controlled premises as authorized by this article or rules adopted under this article, and seizures of property appropriate to the inspections. For purposes of the issuance of administrative inspection warrants, probable cause exists upon showing a reasonable belief that this article or the rules adopted therein have been violated, sufficient to justify administrative inspection of the area, premises, building, or conveyance in the circumstances specified in the application for the warrant.
(b) A warrant may issue only upon an affidavit of a designated officer or employee having knowledge of the facts alleged, sworn to before the judge and establishing the grounds for issuing the warrant. If the judge is satisfied that grounds for the application exist or that there is probable cause to believe they exist, the judge shall issue a warrant identifying the area, premises, building, or conveyance to be inspected, the purpose of the inspection, and, if appropriate, the type of property to be inspected, if any. The warrant must:
(I) State the grounds for its issuance and the name of each individual whose affidavit has been taken in support thereof;
(II) Be directed to an individual authorized under Colorado law to execute it;
(III) Command the individual to whom it is directed to inspect the area, premises, building, or conveyance identified for the purpose specified and, if appropriate, direct the seizure of the property specified;
(IV) Identify the item or types of property to be seized, if any; and
(V) Direct that it be served during normal business hours and designate the court to which it must be returned.
(c) A warrant issued pursuant to this section must be executed and returned within fourteen days after its date unless, upon a showing of a need for additional time, the court orders otherwise. If property is seized pursuant to a warrant, a copy must be given to the person from whom or from whose premises the property is taken, together with a receipt for the property taken. The return of the warrant must be made promptly, accompanied by a written inventory of any property taken. The inventory must be made in the presence of the individual executing the warrant and of the person from whose possession or premises the property was taken, if present, or in the presence of at least one credible individual other than the individual executing the warrant. A copy of the inventory must be delivered to the person from whom or from whose premises the property was taken and to the applicant for the warrant.
(d) The judge or court who has issued a warrant shall attach to the warrant a copy of the return and all papers returnable in connection therewith and file them with the clerk of the appropriate state court for the judicial district in which the inspection was made.
(3) The board or BHA may conduct administrative inspections of controlled premises of those persons they are authorized to register under this article 18 in accordance with the following provisions:
e warrant a copy of the return and all papers returnable in connection therewith and file them with the clerk of the appropriate state court for the judicial district in which the inspection was made.
(3) The board or BHA may conduct administrative inspections of controlled premises of those persons they are authorized to register under this article 18 in accordance with the following provisions:
(a) If authorized by an administrative inspection warrant issued pursuant to subsection (2) of this section, an officer or employee designated by the board or BHA, upon presenting the warrant and appropriate credentials to the owner, operator, or agent in charge, may enter controlled premises for the purpose of conducting an administrative inspection.
(b) If authorized by an administrative inspection warrant, an officer or employee designated by the board or BHA may:
(I) Inspect and copy records required by this article to be kept;
(II) Inspect, within reasonable limits and in a reasonable manner, controlled premises and all pertinent equipment, finished and unfinished material, containers and labeling found therein, and, except as provided in paragraph (d) of this subsection (3), all other things therein, including records, files, papers, processes, controls, and facilities bearing on violation of this article; and
(III) Inventory any stock of any controlled substance therein and obtain samples thereof.
(c) This section does not prevent the inspection without a warrant of books and records pursuant to an administrative subpoena issued in accordance with section 24-4-105, C.R.S., nor does it prevent entries and administrative inspections, including seizures of property, without a warrant:
(I) If the owner, operator, or agent in charge of the controlled premises consents;
(II) In situations involving inspection of conveyances if there is reasonable cause to believe that the mobility of the conveyance makes it impracticable to obtain a warrant;
(III) In any other exceptional or emergency circumstance where time or opportunity to apply for a warrant is lacking; or
(IV) In all other situations in which a warrant is not constitutionally required.
(d) An inspection authorized by this section may not extend to financial data, sales data, other than shipment data, or pricing data unless the owner, operator, or agent in charge of the controlled premises consents in writing.
C.R.S. § 18-18-502 Injunctions
18-18-502. Injunctions. (1) The district courts of this state have jurisdiction to restrain or enjoin violations of this article.
(2) The defendant may demand trial by jury for an alleged violation of an injunction or restraining order under this section. Nothing in this section shall preclude any person from applying for injunctive relief from administrative inspections and warrants conducted under this article or for the immediate return of property seized under this article.
C.R.S. § 18-18-503 Cooperative arrangements and confidentiality
18-18-503. Cooperative arrangements and confidentiality. (1) The board and the BHA shall cooperate with federal and other state agencies in discharging the board's and the BHA's responsibilities concerning controlled substances and in controlling the abuse of controlled substances. To this end, the BHA may:
(a) Arrange for the exchange of information among governmental officials concerning the use and abuse of controlled substances;
(b) Coordinate and cooperate in training programs concerning controlled substance law enforcement at local and state levels;
(c) Cooperate with the drug enforcement administration by establishing a centralized unit to accept, catalog, file, and collect statistics, including records of persons with substance use disorders and other controlled substance law offenders within this state, and make the information available for federal, state, and local law enforcement purposes, but may not furnish the name or identity of a patient or research subject whose identity could not be obtained pursuant to subsection (3) of this section; and
(d) Conduct programs of eradication aimed at destroying wild or illicit growth of plant species from which controlled substances may be extracted.
(2) Results, information, and evidence received from the drug enforcement administration relating to the regulatory functions of this article 18, including results of inspections conducted by the drug enforcement administration, may be relied and acted upon by the board or BHA in the exercise of the regulatory functions under this article 18.
(3) A practitioner engaged in medical practice or research is not required or compelled to furnish the name or identity of a patient or research subject to the board or BHA, nor may the practitioner be compelled in any state or local civil, criminal, administrative, legislative, or other proceedings to furnish the name or identity of an individual that the practitioner is obligated to keep confidential.
C.R.S. § 18-18-504 Pleadings - presumptions - liabilities
18-18-504. Pleadings - presumptions - liabilities. (1) It is not necessary for the state to negate any exemption or exception in this article in any complaint, information, indictment, or other pleading or in any trial, hearing, or other proceeding under this article.
(2) No person is presumed to be the holder of an appropriate registration or order form issued under this article.
(3) No civil or criminal liability is imposed by this article upon any authorized state, county, or municipal officer, engaged in the lawful administration or enforcement of this article.
C.R.S. § 18-18-505 Judicial review
18-18-505. Judicial review. All final determinations, findings, and conclusions of the board or BHA under this article 18 are subject to judicial review pursuant to section 24-4-106.
C.R.S. § 18-18-506 Education and research
18-18-506. Education and research. (1) The BHA shall carry out educational programs designed to prevent and deter misuse and abuse of controlled substances. In connection with these programs, the BHA may:
(a) Promote better recognition of the problems of misuse and abuse of controlled substances within the regulated industry and among interested groups and organizations;
(b) Assist the regulated industry and interested groups and organizations in contributing to the reduction of misuse and abuse of controlled substances;
(c) Consult with interested groups and organizations to aid them in solving administrative and organizational problems;
(d) Evaluate procedures, projects, techniques, and controls conducted or proposed as part of educational programs on misuse and abuse of controlled substances;
(e) Disseminate the results of research on misuse and abuse of controlled substances to promote a better public understanding of what problems exist and what can be done to alleviate them; and
(f) Assist in the education and training of state and local law enforcement officials in their efforts to control misuse and abuse of controlled substances.
(2) The BHA shall encourage research on misuse and abuse of controlled substances. In connection with the research, and in furtherance of the enforcement of this article 18, the BHA may:
(a) Establish methods to assess accurately the effects of controlled substances and identify and characterize those with potential for abuse;
(b) Make studies and undertake programs of research to:
(I) Develop new or improved approaches, techniques, systems, equipment, and devices to strengthen the enforcement of this article;
(II) Determine patterns of misuse and abuse of controlled substances and the social effects thereof; and
(III) Improve methods for preventing, predicting, understanding, and dealing with the misuse and abuse of controlled substances; and
(c) Enter into contracts with public institutions of higher education and private organizations or individuals for the purpose of conducting research, demonstrations, or special projects which bear directly on misuse and abuse of controlled substances.
(3) The BHA may enter into contracts for educational and research activities.
(4) The BHA may authorize persons engaged in research on the use and effects of controlled substances to withhold the names and other identifying characteristics of individuals who are the subjects of the research. Persons who obtain this authorization are not compelled in any civil, criminal, administrative, legislative, or other proceeding to identify the individuals who are the subjects of research for which the authorization was obtained.
(5) The BHA may authorize the possession and distribution of controlled substances by persons engaged in research. Persons who obtain this authorization are exempt from state prosecution for possession and distribution of controlled substances to the extent of the authorization.
C.R.S. § 18-18-601 Pending proceedings - applicability
18-18-601. Pending proceedings - applicability. (1) This article does not affect or abate a prosecution for a violation of law occurring before July 1, 1992. If the offense being prosecuted is similar to one set out in part 4 of this article, the penalties under said part 4 apply if they are less than those under prior law.
(2) This article does not affect a civil seizure, forfeiture, or injunctive proceeding commenced before July 1, 1992.
(3) All administrative proceedings pending under previous laws that are superseded by this article must be continued and brought to a final determination in accord with the laws and rules in effect before July 1, 1992. Any substance controlled under prior law but which is not listed in section 18-18-203, 18-18-204, 18-18-205, 18-18-206, or 18-18-207 is automatically controlled without further proceedings and must be included in the appropriate schedule.
(4) Repealed.
C.R.S. § 18-18-602 Continuation of rules - application to existing relationships
18-18-602. Continuation of rules - application to existing relationships. Any orders and rules adopted under any law affected by this article and in effect on July 1, 1992, and not in conflict with this article continue in effect until modified, superseded, or repealed. Rights and duties that matured, penalties that were incurred, and proceedings that were begun prior to July 1, 1992, are not affected by the enactment of the "Uniform Controlled Substances Act of 2013" or the corresponding repeal of provisions in article 22 of title 12, as they existed prior to July 1, 1992, and part 6 of article 5 of this title.
C.R.S. § 18-18-603 Statutes of limitations
18-18-603. Statutes of limitations. A civil action under this article must be commenced within seven years after the claim for relief became known or should have become known, excluding any time during which a party is out of the state or in confinement or during which criminal proceedings relating to a party are in progress.
C.R.S. § 18-18-604 Uniformity of interpretation
18-18-604. Uniformity of interpretation. To the extent that this article is uniform, the judiciary may look to decisions regarding the "Uniform Controlled Substances Act of 2013" among states enacting it, subject to rights and obligations provided under other Colorado statutes and the state constitution.
C.R.S. § 18-18-605 Severability
18-18-605. Severability. If any provision of this article or the application thereof to any person or circumstance is held invalid, the invalidity does not affect other provisions or applications of the article which can be given effect without the invalid provision or application, and to this end the provisions of this article are severable.
C.R.S. § 18-18-606 Drug case data collection
18-18-606. Drug case data collection. (1) The division of criminal justice in the department of public safety shall collect the data specified in subsection (2) of this section for the period between October 1, 2013, and September 30, 2016, and issue a report by December 31, 2016, on the impact of Senate Bill 13-250, enacted in 2013.
(2) The data must include, but is not limited to:
(a) The total number of drug cases diverted from prosecution prior to filing through referral to law enforcement or district attorney diversion programs;
(b) The total number of drug cases filed statewide by jurisdiction;
(c) All demographic information and relevant background information on the defendants for which a drug case has been filed or diverted including prior criminal history; and
(d) For all cases filed, the nature of the charges by statutory citation and the outcome or disposition information on all the cases filed, which shall include but not be limited to:
(I) Dismissal without prosecution;
(II) Dismissal as a result of a plea bargain;
(III) Deferred judgment to the original charge or a lesser charge;
(IV) Any plea bargain that reduces the original charge or charges filed;
(V) Any sentence bargain including, but not limited to, a stipulation to a certain sentence or a limit on the amount of jail or department of corrections imposed;
(VI) Any plea bargain that involves multiple cases;
(VII) Any sentence bargain that involves concurrent or consecutive time in the custody of the department of corrections;
(VIII) Any probation or deferred judgment revocation filed and the result of any revocation;
(IX) Any successful completion of probation or a deferred judgment; and
(X) Any successful completion of supervision resulting in conversion of the felony to a misdemeanor pursuant to the provisions of section 18-1.3-103.5 (2).
C.R.S. § 18-18-607 Safe stations - disposal of controlled substances - medical evaluation - definition
18-18-607. Safe stations - disposal of controlled substances - medical evaluation - definition. (1) (a) Upon arrival to a safe station, a person may turn in any controlled substances and request assistance in gaining access to treatment for a substance use disorder. Safe station personnel shall utilize current procedures and protocols for the disposal of the controlled substances.
(b) A person who turns in one or more controlled substances pursuant to subsection (1)(a) of this section is not subject to arrest or prosecution for possession of such controlled substances.
(2) Reasonable efforts should be taken by safe station personnel to determine if the person is in need of immediate medical attention and facilitate transportation to an appropriate medical facility, if necessary. If the person does not require immediate medical attention, the safe station personnel shall provide the person with information about the behavioral health crisis response system, created in section 27-60-103, to help identify available treatment options and, if practicable, provide transportation for the person to the most appropriate facility for treatment of a substance use disorder. Information about the crisis hotline must be developed by the BHA and be provided to safe stations for distribution.
(3) This section does not apply if safe station personnel are not available to assist a person who arrives at a safe station for disposal of a controlled substance.
(4) As used in this section, unless the context otherwise requires, a "safe station" means any municipal police station or county sheriff's office.
Source: Open US Law by Vaquill AI (CC BY 4.0)URL: https://leg.colorado.gov/sites/default/files/images/olls/crs2024-title-18.docxFetched: 10/6/2026