N.J. Stat. § 3B:12B-1 Short title.
1. This act shall be known and may be cited as the "New Jersey Adult Guardianship and Protective Proceedings Jurisdiction Act." L.2012, c.36, s.1.
N.J. Stat. tit. 3B, ch. 12B
N.J. Stat. tit. 3B, ch. 12B
in effectN.J. Stat. § 3B:12B-2 Scope of act.
2. Scope of Act. a. P.L.2012, c.36 (C.3B:12B-1 et al.) governs the exercise of jurisdiction over guardianship or protective orders, as those terms are defined in P.L.2012, c.36 (C.3B:12B-1 et al.), when there are interstate conflicts or uncertainty regarding whether a court of this State or a court of another state should act. The act establishes uniform procedures that are intended to be used to facilitate proceedings between courts in different states and to resolve uncertainty about appropriate jurisdiction. b. P.L.2012, c.36 (C.3B:12B-1 et al.) is not intended to and does not alter substantive law pertaining to guardianship, conservatorship and protective proceedings, or arrangements and protective orders as defined elsewhere in Title 3B of the New Jersey Statutes or the original general jurisdiction of the Superior Court throughout the State in all causes. L.2012, c.36, s.2.
N.J. Stat. § 3B:12B-3 Definitions.
3. Definitions. As used in P.L.2012, c.36 (C.3B:12B-1 et al.), unless otherwise defined: a. "Adult" means a person at least 18 years of age. b. "Conservatee" means, as used in this State, a person who has not been adjudicated incapacitated but who by reason of advanced age, illness, or physical infirmity, is unable to care for or manage his property or has become unable to provide for himself or others dependent upon him for support. c. "Conservator" means a person appointed by the court to administer the property of an adult who has not been adjudicated incapacitated, including a person appointed, as appropriate, under N.J.S.3B:13A-1 et seq. d. "Court of this State" means the Superior Court of New Jersey. e. "Guardian" means a person appointed by the court to make decisions regarding the person or estate of an incapacitated adult, including a person who has qualified as a guardian of the person or estate, or both, of an incapacitated person pursuant to court appointment in accordance with N.J.S.3B:12-1 et seq. or its equivalent in a state other than New Jersey. f. "Guardianship order" means an order declaring a person incapacitated and appointing a guardian. g. "Guardianship proceeding" means a judicial proceeding in which an order for the appointment of a guardian is sought or has been issued to declare a person incapacitated and to appoint a guardian. h. "Home state" means the state in which the respondent was physically present, including any period of temporary absence, for at least six consecutive months immediately before the filing of a petition for the appointment of a guardian or a protective order; or if none, the state in which the respondent was physically present, including any period of temporary absence, for at least six consecutive months ending within the six months prior to the filing of the petition. i. "Incapacitated person" means an adult declared incapacitated and for whom a guardian has been appointed. j. "Party" means the respondent, petitioner or plaintiff, as applicable, guardian, conservator or conservatee, or any other person authorized by the court to participate in a guardianship or protective proceeding. k. "Petition" means an initiating court document for proceedings under P.L.2012, c.36 (C.3B:12B-1 et al.). In New Jersey, a petition shall mean a verified complaint filed with the Superior Court pursuant to the Rules of Court of the State of New Jersey. l. "Protected person" means an adult for whom a protective order has been issued. m. "Protective order" means: (1) An order related to an adult who has been declared incapacitated by a court or for whom such a declaration is sought, including, but not limited to, an arrangement or order related to management of the incapacitated person's property, which is issued pursuant to N.J.S.3B:12-1 and N.J.S.3B:12-2; or (2) An order appointing a conservator, including, but not limited to, an order which is issued pursuant to N.J.S.3B:13A-1 et seq.; or (3) An order to protect a "vulnerable adult" as that term is defined in section 2 of P.L.1993, c.249 (C.52:27D-407), including, but not limited to, an order which is issued pursuant to the "Adult Protective Services Act," P.L.1993, c.249 (C.52:27D-406 et seq.); or (4) An order or arrangement, pursuant to N.J.S.3B:12-1, for a person for whom a declaration of incapacity is not sought. The term "protective order," as used in P.L.2012, c.36 (C.3B:12B-1 et al.), shall not be construed to conflict with the provisions of N.J.S.3B:12-1 through N.J.S.3B:12-4. n. "Protective proceeding" means a judicial proceeding in which a protective order is sought or has been issued. o. "Record" means information that is inscribed on a tangible medium or that is stored in an electronic or other medium and is retrievable in perceivable form. p. "Registration" means a filing in this State of a guardianship or conservatorship order of another state, pursuant to the Rules of Court of the State of New Jersey and in accordance with the provisions of section 19 of P.L.2012, c.36 (C.3B:12B-19). q. "Respondent" means an adult for whom the appointment of a guardian or the issuance of a protective order is sought. r. "Significant-connection state" means a state, other than the home state, with which a respondent has a significant connection other than mere physical presence and in which substantial evidence concerning the respondent is available. s. "State" means a state of the United States, the District of Columbia, Puerto Rico, the United States Virgin Islands, a federally recognized Indian tribe, or any territory or insular possession subject to the jurisdiction of the United States. L.2012, c.36, s.3.
N.J. Stat. § 3B:12B-4 International application of the act.
4. International application of the act. A court of this State may treat a foreign country as if it were a state for the purpose of applying all sections of P.L.2012, c.36 (C.32B:12B-1 et al.) except for sections 19 and 20 of P.L.2012, c.36 (C.3B:12B-19 and C.3B:12B-20) pertaining to registration. L.2012, c.36, s.4.
N.J. Stat. § 3B:12B-5 Which act governs; exclusive jurisdictional basis; applicability.
5. Which act governs; exclusive jurisdictional basis; applicability. P.L.2012, c.36 (C.3B:12B-1 et al.) governs jurisdiction of guardianship proceedings and provides the exclusive jurisdictional basis for a court of this State to appoint a guardian or issue a protective order. The appointment of a guardian shall continue to be governed by N.J.S.3B:12-1 et seq. and the appointment of a conservator shall continue to be governed by N.J.S.3B:13A-1 et seq. P.L.2012, c.36 (C.3B:12B-1 et al.) shall be construed and applied in conjunction with N.J.S.3B:12-1 et seq. and N.J.S.3B:13A-1 et seq. L.2012, c.36, s.5.
N.J. Stat. § 3B:12B-6 Communication between courts.
6. Communication between courts. a. A court of this State may communicate with a court of another state concerning a proceeding arising pursuant to P.L.2012, c.36 (C.3B:12B-1 et al.). The court may allow the parties to participate in the communication in accordance with the Rules Governing the Courts of the State of New Jersey. b. Except as otherwise provided in subsection c., the court shall make a record of the communication. The record may be limited to the fact that the communication occurred. c. Courts may communicate concerning schedules, calendars, court records, and other administrative matters without making a record. L.2012, c.36, s.6.
N.J. Stat. § 3B:12B-7 Cooperation between courts.
7. Cooperation between courts. a. In a guardianship or protective proceeding, a court of this State may request the appropriate court of another state to do any of the following: (1) hold an evidentiary hearing; (2) order a person in that state to produce evidence or give testimony pursuant to procedures of that state; (3) order that an evaluation or assessment be made of the respondent; (4) order any appropriate investigation of a person involved in a proceeding; (5) forward to the court of this State a certified copy of the transcript or other record of a hearing under paragraph (1) or any other proceeding, any evidence otherwise produced under paragraph (2), and any evaluation or assessment prepared in compliance with an order under paragraph (3) or (4); (6) issue any order necessary to assure the appearance in the proceeding of a person whose presence is necessary for the court to make a determination, including the respondent or the incapacitated or protected person; and (7) issue an order authorizing the release of medical, financial, criminal, or other relevant information in that state, including protected health information which meets federal and state laws. b. If a court of another state in which a guardianship or protective proceeding is pending requests assistance of the kind provided in subsection a., a court of this State has jurisdiction for the limited purpose of granting the request or making reasonable efforts to comply with the request. L.2012, c.36, s.7.
N.J. Stat. § 3B:12B-8 Taking testimony in another state; documentary evidence.
8. Taking testimony in another state; documentary evidence. a. A court of this State may permit a witness located in another state to be deposed or to testify by any means permitted by the Rules Governing the Courts of the State of New Jersey. A court of this State shall cooperate with the court of another state in designating an appropriate location for the deposition or testimony. b. Documentary evidence transmitted from another state to a court of this State may be admitted into evidence consistent with the New Jersey Rules of Evidence. L.2012, c.36, s.8.
N.J. Stat. § 3B:12B-9 Jurisdiction; determination.
9. Jurisdiction; determination. a. A court of this State has jurisdiction to declare a person incapacitated and appoint a guardian or issue a protective order for a respondent if: (1) This State is the respondent's home state as defined in section 3 of P.L.2012, c.36 (C.3B:12B-3); or (2) On the date the petition is filed, this State is a significant-connection state, as defined in section 3 of P.L.2012, c.36 (C.3B:12B-3) and determined in accordance with section 10 of P.L.2012, c.36 (C.3B:12B-10), and: (a) the respondent either does not have a home state or a court of the respondent's home state has declined to exercise jurisdiction because this State is a more appropriate forum; or (b) the respondent has a home state, a petition for an appointment or order is not pending in a court of another state or another significant-connection state, and, before this State's court acts: (i) a petition for an appointment or order is not filed in the respondent's home state; (ii) an objection to the court's jurisdiction is not filed by a person required to be notified of the proceeding; and (iii) the court concludes that it is an appropriate forum under the factors set forth in section 13 of P.L.2012, c.36 (C.3B:12B-13); (3) Although this State does not have jurisdiction under either subsection a. or b. of this section, the home state and all significant-connection states have declined to exercise jurisdiction because this State is the more appropriate forum, and jurisdiction in this State is consistent with the New Jersey and United States Constitutions; or b. A court of this State may assume emergency jurisdiction under section 11 of P.L.2012, c.36 (C.3B:12B-11). L.2012, c.36, s.9.
N.J. Stat. § 3B:12B-10 Significant-connection state; determination.
10. Significant-connection state; determination. In determining whether a respondent has a significant connection with a particular state, the court shall consider: a. the location of the respondent's family and other persons required to be notified of the guardianship or protective proceeding; b. the length of time the respondent at any time was physically present in the state and the duration of any absence; c. the location of the respondent's property; and d. the extent to which the respondent has ties to the state such as voting registration, state or local tax return filing, vehicle registration, driver's license, social relationship, and receipt of services. L.2012, c.36, s.10.
N.J. Stat. § 3B:12B-11 Emergency jurisdiction.
11. Emergency jurisdiction. a. A court of this State lacking jurisdiction under section 9 of P.L.2012, c.36 (C.3B:12B-9) has emergency jurisdiction to do any of the following: (1) appoint a guardian or issue a protective order in an emergency, in accordance with subsection c. of section 12 of P.L.2005, c.304 (C.3B:12-24.1) and this section, for a respondent who is physically present in this State; (2) appoint a guardian of real or tangible personal property located in this State for which the respondent has an ownership interest; (3) issue a protective order with respect to real or tangible personal property in this State; or (4) appoint, under procedures similar to section 17 of P.L.2012, c.36 (C.3B:12B-17), a guardian or conservator for an incapacitated or protected person for whom a provisional order to transfer the proceeding from another state has been issued. b. If a petition for the appointment of a guardian or issuance of a protective order in an emergency in accordance with subsection c. of section 12 of P.L.2005, c.304 (C.3B:12-24.1) and this section is brought in this State and this State was not the respondent's home state on the date the petition was filed, the court shall dismiss the proceeding at the request of the court of the home state, if any, whether dismissal is requested before or after the emergency appointment. L.2012, c.36, s.11.
N.J. Stat. § 3B:12B-12 Exclusive and continuing jurisdiction.
12. Exclusive and continuing jurisdiction. Except as otherwise provided in section 11 of P.L.2012, c.36 (C.3B:12B-11), a court that has appointed a guardian or issued a protective order consistent with P.L.2012, c.36 (C.3B:12B-1 et al.) has exclusive and continuing jurisdiction over the proceeding until the proceeding is terminated by the court, or the appointment or order expires by its own terms. L.2012, c.36, s.12.
N.J. Stat. § 3B:12B-13 Appropriate forum.
13. Appropriate forum. a. A court of this State having jurisdiction under section 9 of P.L.2012, c.36 (C.3B:12B-9) to declare a person incapacitated, appoint a guardian, or issue a protective order, may decline to exercise jurisdiction if it determines at any time that a court of another state is a more appropriate forum. b. If a court of this State declines to exercise jurisdiction under subsection a. of this section, it shall either dismiss or stay the proceeding. The court may impose any condition it deems just and proper, including the condition that a petition for the appointment of a guardian or issuance of a protective order be filed promptly in another state. c. In determining whether it is an appropriate forum, the court shall consider all relevant factors, including: (1) any expressed preference of the respondent; (2) whether abuse, neglect, or exploitation of the respondent has occurred or is likely to occur and which state could best protect the respondent from the abuse, neglect, or exploitation; (3) the length of time the respondent was physically present in or was a legal resident of this or another state; (4) the distance of the respondent from the court of each state; (5) the financial circumstances of the respondent's estate; (6) the nature and location of the evidence; (7) the ability of the court of each state to decide the issue expeditiously and the procedures necessary to present evidence; (8) the familiarity of the court of each state with the facts and issues in the proceeding; and (9) if an appointment were to be made, the court's ability to monitor the conduct of the guardian or the conservator. L.2012, c.36, s.13.
N.J. Stat. § 3B:12B-14 Jurisdiction declined by reason of conduct.
14. Jurisdiction declined by reason of conduct. a. If, at any time, a court of this State determines that it acquired jurisdiction to declare a person incapacitated, appoint a guardian, or issue a protective order because of unjustifiable conduct, the court may: (1) decline to exercise jurisdiction; (2) exercise jurisdiction for the limited purpose of fashioning an appropriate remedy to ensure the health, safety, and welfare of the respondent or the protection of the respondent's property or prevent a repetition of the unjustifiable conduct, including staying the proceeding until a petition for the appointment of a guardian or issuance of a protective order is filed in a court of another state having jurisdiction; or (3) continue to exercise jurisdiction after considering: (a) the extent to which the respondent and all persons required to be notified of the proceedings have acquiesced in the exercise of the court's jurisdiction; (b) whether it is a more appropriate forum than the court of any other state under the factors set forth in subsection c. of section 13 of P.L.2012, c.36 (C.3B:12B-13); and (c) whether the court of any other state would have jurisdiction under factual circumstances in substantial conformity with the jurisdictional standards of section 9 of P.L.2012, c.36 (C.3B:12B-9). b. If a court of this State determines that it acquired jurisdiction to appoint a guardian or issue a protective order because a party seeking to invoke its jurisdiction engaged in unjustifiable conduct, it may assess against that party necessary and reasonable expenses, including attorneys' fees, investigative fees, court costs, communication expenses, witness fees and expenses, and travel expenses. The court may not assess fees, costs, or expenses of any kind against this State or a governmental subdivision, agency, or instrumentality of this State unless authorized by law other than P.L.2012, c.36 (C.3B:12B-1 et al.). L.2012, c.36, s.14.
N.J. Stat. § 3B:12B-15 Notice of proceeding.
15. Notice of proceeding. If this State was not the respondent's home state on the date a petition to declare a person incapacitated for the appointment of a guardian or issuance of a protective order is filed in this State, notice of the petition shall be given, in the same manner as notice is required to be given in this State, to the respondent and to the persons who would be entitled to notice if the regular procedures for appointment of a guardian or a conservator under the Rules Governing the Courts of the State of New Jersey were applicable. L.2012, c.36, s.15.
N.J. Stat. § 3B:12B-16 Proceedings in more than one state.
16. Proceedings in more than one state. Except for a petition for the appointment of a guardian or issuance of a protective order in an emergency under paragraph (1) of subsection a. of section 11 of P.L.2012, c.36 (C.3B:12B-11), or appointment of a guardian of estate or issuance of a protective order limited to property located in this State under paragraph (2) or (3) of subsection a. of section 11 of P.L.2012, c.36 (C.3B:12B-11), if a petition for the appointment of a guardian or issuance of a protective order is filed in this State and in another state and neither petition has been dismissed or withdrawn, the following shall apply: a. A court of this State with jurisdiction under section 9 of P.L.2012, c.36 (C.3B:12B-9) may proceed unless a court of another state acquires jurisdiction under similar provisions before the appointment or issuance of the order. b. A court of this State without jurisdiction under section 9 of P.L.2012, c.36 (C.3B:12B-9), whether at the time the petition is filed or at any time before the appointment or issuance of a judgment or order, shall stay the proceeding and communicate with the court of another state. If the court in the other state has jurisdiction, the court of this State shall dismiss the petition unless the court in the other state determines that the court of this State is a more appropriate forum. L.2012, c.36, s.16.
N.J. Stat. § 3B:12B-17 Transfer of guardianship or conservatorship to another state.
17. Transfer of guardianship or conservatorship to another state. a. A guardian or conservator appointed, or a conservatee, in this State may petition the court to transfer the guardianship or conservatorship to another state. b. Notice of a petition for transfer shall be given to the persons that would be entitled to notice of a petition in this State for the appointment of a guardian or conservator. c. On the court's own motion or upon request of the guardian or conservator or conservatee, or other person required to be notified of the petition, the court shall hold a hearing on a petition to transfer. d. The court shall issue an order provisionally granting a petition to transfer a guardianship and direct the guardian to petition for guardianship in the other state if the court is satisfied that the guardianship will be accepted by the court of the other state and the court finds that: (1) in the case of a guardianship of the person, the incapacitated person is physically present in or is reasonably expected to move permanently to the other state, or in the case of a guardianship of estate, the incapacitated person is physically present in or is reasonably expected to move permanently to, or has a significant connection to, the other state; and (2) an objection to the transfer has not been made or, that the transfer would not be contrary to the interests of the incapacitated person; and (3) in the case of a guardianship of the person, plans for care and services for the incapacitated person in the other state are reasonable and sufficient, or in the case of a guardianship of the estate, adequate arrangements are made for management of the incapacitated person's property. e. The court shall issue a provisional order granting a transfer of a conservatorship and shall direct the conservator to petition for conservatorship in the other state if the court is satisfied that the conservatorship will be accepted by the court of the other state and the court finds that: (1) the protected person is physically present in or is reasonably expected to move permanently to the other state, or the protected person has a significant connection to the other state considering the factors in section 10 of P.L.2012, c.36 (C.3B:12B-10); (2) an objection to the transfer has not been made or, that the transfer would not be contrary to the interests of the incapacitated person; and (3) adequate arrangements will be made for management of the protected person's property. f. The court shall issue a final order confirming the transfer and terminating the guardianship or conservatorship upon receipt of: (1) a provisional order accepting the guardianship or conservatorship from the court to which the guardianship or conservatorship is to be transferred under provisions similar to section 18 of P.L.2012, c.36 (C.3B:12B-18); and (2) the documents required to terminate a guardianship or conservatorship in this State. L.2012, c.36, s.17.
N.J. Stat. § 3B:12B-18 Accepting guardianship or conservatorship transferred from another state.
18. Accepting guardianship or conservatorship transferred from another state. a. To confirm transfer of a guardianship or conservatorship to this State under provisions similar to section 17 of P.L.2012, c.36 (C.3B:12B-17), the guardian or conservator in the other state shall file a petition in the court of this State to accept the guardianship of the person or the person's estate, or both, or the conservatorship. The petition shall include a certified copy of the other state's provisional order of transfer. b. Notice of a petition under this section shall be given, in the same manner as notice is required to be given in this State, to those persons that would be entitled to notice if the petition were for the appointment of a guardian or issuance of a protective order in both the transferring state and this State. c. On the court's own motion or upon request of the guardian or of the conservator or conservatee, or other person required to be notified of the proceeding, the court shall hold a hearing on a petition filed pursuant to this section. d. The court shall issue an order provisionally granting relief under this section unless: (1) an objection is made and the court determines that transfer of the proceeding would be contrary to the interests of the incapacitated or protected person or conservatee; or (2) the guardian or conservator is ineligible for appointment in this State. e. The final order accepting the proceeding and appointing the guardian or conservator from the other state as guardian of the person or estate, or both, or conservator in this State shall be issued upon the receipt by this State's court of a final order issued under provisions similar to section 17 of P.L.2012, c.36 (C.3B:12B-17) transferring the proceeding to this State. f. Upon application of a party or upon the court's own motion, the court shall determine whether the guardianship of the person or estate, or both, or the conservatorship needs to be modified to conform to the law of this State. g. In granting an application under this section, the court shall recognize a guardianship or conservatorship order from the other state, including the determination of the incapacitated person's incapacity and the appointment of the guardian of the person or estate, or both, or of the conservator. h. The denial by a court of this State of an application to accept a guardianship or conservatorship transferred from another state does not affect the ability of the guardian or conservator to seek appointment as guardian of the person or estate, or both, in this State under N.J.S.3B:12-25 or as conservator under N.J.S.3B:13A-1 et seq., if the court has jurisdiction to make an appointment other than by reason of the provisional order of transfer. L.2012, c.36, s.18.
N.J. Stat. § 3B:12B-19 Registration of guardianship or conservatorship orders.
19. Registration of guardianship or conservatorship orders. If a guardian has been appointed in another state and an application for the appointment of a guardian of the person or estate, or both, is not pending in this State, or if a conservator has been appointed in another state and an application for the appointment of a conservator is not pending in this State, the guardian or conservator appointed in the other state, after giving notice to the appointing court of an intent to register, may register the guardianship or conservatorship order in this State with the Surrogate, as Deputy Clerk of the Superior Court, Chancery Division, Probate Part, in an appropriate county of this State, pursuant to the Rules of Court of the State of New Jersey, by filing certified copies of the order and letters of office, and of any bond, as appropriate. For purposes of a guardian of the person, an appropriate county is any county where the guardian seeks to maintain an action or proceeding on behalf of the incapacitated person; for purposes of a guardian of the property or of a conservatorship, an appropriate county is the county where the property belonging to the incapacitated person or conservatee is located. L.2012, c.36, s.19.
N.J. Stat. § 3B:12B-20 Effect of registration.
20. Effect of registration. a. Upon registration of a guardianship or protective order from another state, the guardian or conservator may exercise in this State all powers authorized in the order of appointment except as prohibited under the laws of this State, including maintaining actions and proceedings in this State and, if the guardian or conservator is not a resident of this State, subject to any conditions imposed upon nonresident parties. b. A court of this State may grant any relief available under P.L.2012, c.36 (C.3B:12B-1 et al.) and other law of this State to enforce a registered order. c. A court of this State shall recognize and enforce, but may not modify, except in accordance with P.L.2012, c.36 (C.3B:12B-1 et al.), a registered order. L.2012, c.36, s.20.
N.J. Stat. § 3B:12B-21 Uniformity of application and construction.
21. Uniformity of application and construction. In applying and construing this uniform act, consideration shall be given to the need to promote uniformity of the law with respect to its subject matter among states that enact it. L.2012, c.36, s.21.
N.J. Stat. § 3B:12B-22 Transitional provision.
24. Transitional provision. a. P.L.2012, c.36 (C.3B:12B-1 et al.) applies to guardianship and protective proceedings filed on or after the effective date. b. Sections 1 through 4 of P.L.2012, c.36 (C.3B:12B-1 through C.3B:12B-4); sections 6 through 8 of P.L.2012, c.36 (C.3B:12B-6 through C.3B:12B-8); sections 17 through 21 of P.L.2012, c.36 (C.3B:12B-17 through C.3B:12B-21); apply to proceedings begun before the effective date of P.L.2012, c.36 (C.3B:12B-1 et al.), regardless of whether a guardianship or protective order has been issued. L.2012, c.36, s.24.
Source: Open US Law by Vaquill AI (CC BY 4.0)URL: https://www.njleg.state.nj.us/legislative-activity/statutesFetched: 10/17/2026