USC Chapter 2

USC Chapter 2
in effect

10 U.S.C. § 111 Executive department

(a) The Department of Defense is an executive department of the United States. (b) The Department is composed of the following:(1) The Office of the Secretary of Defense. (2) The Joint Chiefs of Staff. (3) The Joint Staff. (4) The Defense Agencies. (5) Department of Defense Field Activities. (6) The Department of the Army. (7) The Department of the Navy. (8) The Department of the Air Force. (9) The unified and specified combatant commands. (10) Such other offices, agencies, activities, and commands as may be established or designated by law or by the President. (11) All offices, agencies, activities, and commands under the control or supervision of any element named in paragraphs (1) through (10). (c) If the President establishes or designates an office, agency, activity, or command in the Department of Defense of a kind other than those described in paragraphs (1) through (9) of subsection (b), the President shall notify Congress not later than 60 days thereafter.

10 U.S.C. § 112 Department of Defense: seal

The Secretary of Defense shall have a seal for the Department of Defense. The design of the seal is subject to approval by the President. Judicial notice shall be taken of the seal.

10 U.S.C. § 113 Secretary of Defense

(a)(1) There is a Secretary of Defense, who is the head of the Department of Defense, appointed from civilian life by the President, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate. (2) A person may not be appointed as Secretary of Defense—(A) within seven years after relief from active duty as a commissioned officer of a regular component of an armed force in a grade below O–7; or (B) within 10 years after relief from active duty as a commissioned officer of a regular component of an armed force in the grade of O–7 or above. (b) The Secretary is the principal assistant to the President in all matters relating to the Department of Defense. Subject to the direction of the President and to this title and section 2 of the National Security Act of 1947 (50 U.S.C. 3002) he has authority, direction, and control over the Department of Defense. (c) The Secretary shall report annually in writing to the President and the Congress on the expenditures, work, and accomplishments of the Department of Defense during the period covered by the report, together with—(1) a report from each military department on the expenditures, work, and accomplishments of that department; (2) itemized statements showing the savings of public funds, and the eliminations of unnecessary duplications, made under sections 125 and 191 of this title; and (3) such recommendations as he considers appropriate. (d) Unless specifically prohibited by law, the Secretary may, without being relieved of his responsibility, perform any of his functions or duties, or exercise any of his powers through, or with the aid of, such persons in, or organizations of, the Department of Defense as he may designate. (e)(1) The Secretary shall include in his annual report to Congress under subsection (c)—(A) a description of the major military missions and of the military force structure of the United States for the next fiscal year; (B) an explanation of the relationship of those military missions to that force structure; and (C) the justification for those military missions and that force structure. (2) In preparing the matter referred to in paragraph (1), the Secretary shall take into consideration the content of the annual national security strategy report of the President under section 108 of the National Security Act of 1947 (50 U.S.C. 3043) for the fiscal year concerned. (f) When a vacancy occurs in an office within the Department of Defense and the office is to be filled by a person appointed from civilian life by the President, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate, the Secretary of Defense shall inform the President of the qualifications needed by a person serving in that office to carry out effectively the duties and responsibilities of that office. (g)(1)(A) Except as provided in subparagraph (E), in January every four years, and intermittently otherwise as may be appropriate, the Secretary of Defense shall provide to the Secretaries of the military departments, the Chiefs of Staff of the armed forces, the commanders of the unified and specified combatant commands, and the heads of all Defense Agencies and Field Activities of the Department of Defense and other elements of the Department specified in paragraphs (1) through (10) of section 111(b) of this title, and to the congressional defense committees, a defense strategy. Each strategy shall be known as the “national defense strategy”, and shall support the most recent national security strategy report of the President under section 108 of the National Security Act of 1947 (50 U.S.C. 3043). (B) Each national defense strategy shall including the following:(i) The priority missions of the Department of Defense, and the assumed force planning scenarios and constructs. (ii) The assumed strategic environment, including the most critical and enduring threats to the national security of the United States and its allies posed by state or non-state actors, and the current or projected threats to military installation resilience, and the strategies that the Department will employ to counter such threats and provide for the national defense. (iii) A strategic framework prescribed by the Secretary that guides how the Department will prioritize among the threats described in clause (ii) and the missions specified pursuant to clause (i), how the Department will allocate and mitigate the resulting risks, and how the Department will make resource investments. (iv) The roles and missions of the armed forces to carry out the missions described in clause (i), and the assumed roles and capabilities provided by other United States Government agencies and by allies and international partners. (v) The force size and shape, force posture, defense capabilities, force readiness, infrastructure, organization, personnel, technological innovation, and other elements of the defense program necessary to support such strategy. (vi) The major investments in defense capabilities, force structure, force readiness, force posture, and technological innovation that the Department will make over the following five-year period in accordance with the strategic framework described in clause (iii). (vii) A strategic framework prescribed by the Secretary that guides how the Department will prioritize and integrate activities relating to sustainment of major defense acquisition programs, core logistics capabilities (as described under section 2464 of this title), commercial logistics capabilities, and the national technology and industrial base (as defined in section 4801 of this title). (viii) A strategic framework prescribed by the Secretary that guides how the Department will specifically address contested logistics, including major investments for related infrastructure, logistics-related authorities, force posture, related emergent technology and advanced computing capabilities, operational resilience, and operational energy, over the following five-year period to support such strategy. (ix) Strategic goals to address or mitigate the current and projected risks to military installation resilience. (C) The Secretary shall seek the military advice and assistance of the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff in preparing each national defense strategy required by this subsection. (D) Each national defense strategy under this subsection shall be presented to the congressional defense committees in both classified and unclassified form. The unclassified form may not be a summary of the classified document. (E) In a year following an election for President, which election results in the appointment by the President of a new Secretary of Defense, the Secretary shall present the national defense strategy required by this subsection as soon as possible after appointment by and with the advice and consent of the Senate. (F) In February of each year in which the Secretary does not submit a new defense strategy as required by paragraph (A), the Secretary shall submit to the congressional defense committees an assessment of the current national defense strategy, including an assessment of the implementation of the strategy by the Department and an assessment whether the strategy requires revision as a result of changes in assumptions, policy, or other factors. (2)(A) In implementing the requirement in paragraph (1), the Secretary, with the advice of the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, shall each year provide to the officials and officers referred in paragraph (1)(A) written guidance (to be known as “Defense Planning Guidance”) establishing goals, priorities, including priorities relating to the current or projected risks to military installation resilience, and objectives, including fiscal constraints, to direct the preparation and review of the program and budget recommendations of all elements of the Department, including—(i) the priority military missions of the Department, including the assumed force planning scenarios and constructs; (ii) the force size and shape, force posture, defense capabilities, force readiness, infrastructure, organization, personnel, technological innovation, and other elements of the defense program necessary to support the strategy required by paragraph (1); (iii) the resource levels projected to be available for the period of time for which such recommendations and proposals are to be effective; and (iv) a discussion of any changes in the strategy required by paragraph (1) and assumptions underpinning the strategy, as required by paragraph (1). (B) The guidance required by this paragraph shall be produced in February each year in order to support the planning and budget process. A comprehensive briefing on the guidance shall be provided to the congressional defense committees at the same time as the submission of the budget of the President (as submitted to Congress pursuant to section 1105(a) of title 31) for the fiscal year beginning in the year in which such guidance is produced. (3)(A) In implementing the requirement in paragraph (1) and in conjunction with the reporting requirement in section 2687a of this title, the Secretary, with the approval of the President and the advice of the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, shall, on the basis provided in subparagraph (E), provide to the officials and officers referred to in paragraph (1)(A) written guidance (to be known as “Contingency Planning Guidance” or “Guidance for Employment of the Force”) on the preparation and review of contingency and campaign plans, including plans for providing support to civil authorities in an incident of national significance or a catastrophic incident, for homeland defense, and for military support to civil authorities. (B) The guidance required by this paragraph shall include the following:(i) A description of the manner in which limited existing forces and resources shall be prioritized and apportioned to achieve the objectives described in the strategy required by paragraph (1). (ii) A description of the relative priority of contingency and campaign plans, specific force levels, and supporting resource levels projected to be available for the period of time for which such plans are to be effective. (C) The guidance required by this paragraph shall include the following:(i) Prioritized global, regional, and functional policy objectives that the armed forces should plan to achieve, including plans for deliberate and contingency scenarios. (ii) Policy and strategic assumptions that should guide military planning, including the role of foreign partners. (iii) Guidance on global posture and global force management. (iv) Security cooperation priorities. (v) Specific guidance on United States and Department nuclear policy. (D) The guidance required by this paragraph shall be the primary source document to be used by the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff in—(i) executing the global military integration responsibilities described in section 153 of this title; and (ii) developing implementation guidance for the Joint Chiefs of Staff and the commanders of the combatant commands. (E) The guidance required by this paragraph shall be produced every two years, or more frequently as needed. (4)(A) In implementing the requirement in paragraph (1), the Secretary, with the advice of the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, shall each year produce, and submit to the congressional defense committees, a report (to be known as the “Global Defense Posture Report”) that shall include the following:(i) A description of major changes to United States forces, capabilities, and equipment assigned and allocated outside the United States, focused on significant alterations, additions, or reductions to such global defense posture that are required to execute the strategy and plans of the Department. (ii) A description of the supporting network of infrastructure, facilities, pre-positioned stocks, and war reserve materiel required for execution of major contingency plans of the Department. (iii) A list of all enduring locations, including main operating bases, forward operating sites, and cooperative security locations. (iv) A description of the status of treaty, access, cost-sharing, and status-protection agreements with foreign nations. (v) A summary of the priority posture initiatives for each region by the commanders of the combatant commands. (vi) For each military department, a summary of the implications for overseas posture of any force structure changes. (vii) A description of the costs incurred outside the United States during the preceding fiscal year in connection with operating, maintaining, and supporting United States forces outside the United States for each military department, broken out by country, and whether for operation and maintenance, infrastructure, or transportation. (viii) A description of the amount of direct support for the stationing of United States forces provided by each host nation during the preceding fiscal year. (B) The report required by this paragraph shall be submitted to the congressional defense committees as required by subparagraph (A) by not later than April 30 each year. (C) In this paragraph, the term “United States”, when used in a geographic sense, includes the territories and possessions of the United States. (h) The Secretary of Defense shall keep the Secretaries of the military departments informed with respect to military operations and activities of the Department of Defense that directly affect their respective responsibilities. (i)(1) The Secretary of Defense shall transmit to Congress each year a report that contains a comprehensive net assessment of the defense capabilities and programs of the armed forces of the United States and its allies as compared with those of their potential adversaries. (2) Each such report shall—(A) include a comparison of the defense capabilities and programs of the armed forces of the United States and its allies with the armed forces of potential adversaries of the United States and allies of the United States; (B) include an examination of the trends experienced in those capabilities and programs during the five years immediately preceding the year in which the report is transmitted and an examination of the expected trends in those capabilities and programs during the period covered by the future-years defense program submitted to Congress during that year pursuant to section 221 of this title; (C) include a description of the means by which the Department of Defense will maintain the capability to reconstitute or expand the defense capabilities and programs of the armed forces of the United States on short notice to meet a resurgent or increased threat to the national security of the United States; (D) reflect, in the overall assessment and in the strategic and regional assessments, the defense capabilities and programs of the armed forces of the United States specified in the budget submitted to Congress under section 1105 of title 31 in the year in which the report is submitted and in the five-year defense program submitted in such year; and (E) identify the deficiencies in the defense capabilities of the armed forces of the United States in such budget and such five-year defense program. (3) The Secretary shall transmit to Congress the report required for each year under paragraph (1) at the same time that the President submits the budget to Congress under section 1105 of title 31 in that year. Such report shall be transmitted in both classified and unclassified form. (j)(1) Not later than April 8 of each year, the Secretary of Defense shall submit to the congressional defense committees a report on the cost of stationing United States forces outside of the United States. Each such report shall include a detailed statement of the following:(A) The costs incurred outside the United States in connection with operating, maintaining, and supporting United States forces outside the United States, including all direct and indirect expenditures of United States funds in connection with such stationing. (B) The amount of direct and indirect support for the stationing of United States forces provided by each host nation. (2) In this subsection, the term “United States”, when used in a geographic sense, includes the territories and possessions of the United States. (k) The Secretary of Defense, with the advice and assistance of the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, shall provide annually to the Secretaries of the military departments and to the commanders of the combatant commands written guidelines to direct the effective detection and monitoring of all potential aerial and maritime threats to the national security of the United States. Those guidelines shall include guidance on the specific force levels and specific supporting resources to be made available for the period of time for which the guidelines are to be in effect. (l) On an annual basis, the Secretary of Defense, in coordination with the Secretary of the Department in which the Coast Guard is operating, shall submit to the congressional defense committees a report that sets forth a detailed discussion, current as of the preceding fiscal year, of the following:(1) The number of officers and enlisted members of the armed forces, including the reserve components, disaggregated by gender, race, and ethnicity, for each grade in each armed force. (2) The number of members of the armed forces, including the reserve components, who were promoted during the fiscal year covered by such report, disaggregated by gender, race, and ethnicity, for each grade in each armed force, and of the number so promoted, the number promoted below, in, and above the applicable promotion zone. (3) The number of members of the armed forces, including the reserve components, who were enlisted or accessed into the armed forces during the fiscal year covered by such report, disaggregated by gender, race, and ethnicity, in each armed force. (4) The number of graduates of each military service academy during the fiscal year covered by such report, disaggregated by gender, race, and ethnicity, for each military department and the United States Coast Guard. (5) The number of Senior Reserve Officers’ Training Corps scholarships awarded during the fiscal year covered by the report, disaggregated by gender, race, and ethnicity, for each military department. (6) The program completion rates and program withdrawal rates of Senior Reserve Officers’ Training Corps scholarship recipients during the fiscal year covered by the report, disaggregated by gender, race, and ethnicity, for each military department. (7) The number of graduates of the Senior Reserve Officers’ Training Corps during the fiscal year covered by the report, disaggregated by gender, race, and ethnicity, for each military department. (8) The number of members of the armed forces, including the reserve components, who reenlisted or otherwise extended a commitment to military service during the fiscal year covered by such report, disaggregated by gender, race, and ethnicity, for each grade in each armed force. (9) The number of civilian employees of the Department, disaggregated by military department, gender, race, and ethnicity—(A) in each grade of the General Schedule; (B) in each grade of the Senior Executive Service; (C) paid at levels above grade GS-15 of the General Schedule but who are not members of the Senior Executive Service; (D) paid under the Federal Wage System, and (E) paid under alternative pay systems. (10) An assessment of the pool of officers best qualified for promotion to grades O–9 and O–10, disaggregated by gender, race, and ethnicity, in each military department and the United States Coast Guard. (11) Any other matter the Secretary considers appropriate. (m) Information To Accompany Funding Request for Contingency Operation.—Whenever the President submits to Congress a request for appropriations for costs associated with a contingency operation that involves, or likely will involve, the deployment of more than 500 members of the armed forces, the Secretary of Defense shall submit to Congress a report on the objectives of the operation. The report shall include a discussion of the following:(1) What clear and distinct objectives guide the activities of United States forces in the operation. (2) What the President has identified on the basis of those objectives as the date, or the set of conditions, that defines the endpoint of the operation. (n) Notification of Certain Overseas Contingency Operations for Purposes of Inspector General Act of 1978.—The Secretary of Defense shall provide the Chair of the Council of Inspectors General on Integrity and Efficiency written notification of the commencement or designation of a military operation as an overseas contingency operation upon the earlier of—(1) a determination by the Secretary that the overseas contingency operation is expected to exceed 60 days; or (2) the date on which the overseas contingency operation exceeds 60 days.

10 U.S.C. § 113a Transmission of annual defense authorization request

(a) Time for Transmittal.—The Secretary of Defense shall transmit to Congress the annual defense authorization request for a fiscal year during the first 30 days after the date on which the President transmits to Congress the budget for that fiscal year pursuant to section 1105 of title 31. (b) Defense Authorization Request Defined.—In this section, the term “defense authorization request”, with respect to a fiscal year, means a legislative proposal submitted to Congress for the enactment of the following:(1) Authorizations of appropriations for that fiscal year, as required by section 114 of this title. (2) Personnel strengths for that fiscal year, as required by section 115 of this title. (3) Authority to carry out military construction projects, as required by section 2802 of this title. (4) Any other matter that is proposed by the Secretary of Defense to be enacted as part of the annual defense authorization bill for that fiscal year.

10 U.S.C. § 114 Annual authorization of appropriations

(a) No funds may be appropriated for any fiscal year to or for the use of any armed force or obligated or expended for—(1) procurement of aircraft, missiles, or naval vessels; (2) any research, development, test, or evaluation, or procurement or production related thereto; (3) procurement of tracked combat vehicles; (4) procurement of other weapons; (5) procurement of naval torpedoes and related support equipment; (6) military construction; (7) the operation and maintenance of any armed force or of the activities and agencies of the Department of Defense (other than the military departments); (8) procurement of ammunition; or (9) other procurement by any armed force or by the activities and agencies of the Department of Defense (other than the military departments); unless funds therefor have been specifically authorized by law. (b) In subsection (a)(6), the term “military construction” includes any construction, development, conversion, or extension of any kind which is carried out with respect to any military facility or installation (including any Government-owned or Government-leased industrial facility used for the production of defense articles and any facility to which section 4174 of this title applies), any activity to which section 2807 of this title applies, any activity to which chapter 1803 of this title applies, and advances to the Secretary of Transportation for the construction of defense access roads under section 210 of title 23. Such term does not include any activity to which section 2821 or 2854 of this title applies. (c)(1) The size of the Special Defense Acquisition Fund established pursuant to chapter 5 of the Arms Export Control Act (22 U.S.C. 2795 et seq.) may not exceed $3,500,000,000. (2) Notwithstanding section 37(a) of the Arms Export Control Act (22 U.S.C. 2777(a)), amounts received by the United States pursuant to subparagraph (A) of section 21(a)(1) of that Act (22 U.S.C. 2761(a)(1))—(A) shall be credited to the Special Defense Acquisition Fund established pursuant to chapter 5 of that Act (22 U.S.C. 2795 et seq.), as authorized by section 51(b)(1) of that Act (22 U.S.C. 2795(b)(1)), but subject to the limitations in paragraphs (1) and (3) and other applicable law; and (B) to the extent not so credited, shall be deposited in the Treasury as miscellaneous receipts as provided in section 3302(b) of title 31. (3) Of the amount of annual obligations from the Special Defense Acquisition Fund in each of fiscal years 2018 through 2022, not less than 20 percent shall be for funds to procure and stock precision guided munitions that may be required by partner and allied forces to enhance the effectiveness of current or future contributions of such forces to overseas contingency operations conducted or supported by the United States. (d) Funds may be appropriated for the armed forces for use as an emergency fund for research, development, test, and evaluation, or related procurement or production, only if the appropriation of the funds is authorized by law after June 30, 1966. (e) In each budget submitted by the President to Congress under section 1105 of title 31, amounts requested for procurement of equipment for the reserve components of the armed forces (including the National Guard) shall be set forth separately from other amounts requested for procurement for the armed forces. (f) In each budget submitted by the President to Congress under section 1105 of title 31, amounts requested for procurement of ammunition for the Navy and Marine Corps, and for procurement of ammunition for the Air Force, shall be set forth separately from other amounts requested for procurement.

10 U.S.C. § 115 Personnel strengths: requirement for annual authorization

(a) Active-Duty, Selected Reserve, and Space Force End Strengths To Be Authorized by Law.—Congress shall authorize personnel strength levels for each fiscal year for each of the following:(1) The end strength for the Army, Navy, Air Force, and Marine Corps for (A) active-duty personnel who are to be paid from funds appropriated for active-duty personnel unless on active duty pursuant to subsection (b), and (B) active-duty personnel and full-time National Guard duty personnel who are to be paid from funds appropriated for reserve personnel unless on active duty or full-time National Guard duty pursuant to subsection (b). (2) The end strength for the Selected Reserve of each reserve component of the armed forces. (3) The end strength for the Space Force for members in space force active status. (b) Certain Reserves on Active Duty To Be Authorized by Law.—(1) Congress shall annually authorize the maximum number of members of a reserve component permitted to be on active duty or full-time National Guard duty at any given time who are called or ordered to—(A) active duty under section 12301(d) of this title for the purpose of providing operational support, as prescribed in regulation issued by the Secretary of Defense; (B) full-time National Guard duty under section 502(f)(1)(B) of title 32 for the purpose of providing operational support when authorized by the Secretary of Defense; (C) active duty under section 12301(d) of this title or full-time National Guard duty under section 502(f)(1)(B) of title 32 for the purpose of preparing for and performing funeral honors functions for funerals of veterans under section 1491 of this title; (D) active duty or retained on active duty under sections 12301(g) of this title while in a captive status; or (E) active duty or retained on active duty under 12301(h) or 12322 of this title for the purpose of medical evaluation or treatment. (2) A member of a reserve component who exceeds either of the following limits shall be included in the strength authorized under subparagraph (A) or subparagraph (B), as appropriate, of subsection (a)(1):(A) A call or order to active duty or full-time National Guard duty that specifies a period greater than three years. (B) The cumulative periods of active duty and full-time National Guard duty performed by the member exceed 1825 days in the previous 2190 days. (3) In determining the period of active service under paragraph (2), the following periods of active service performed by a member shall not be included:(A) All periods of active duty performed by a member who has not previously served in the Selected Reserve of the Ready Reserve. (B) All periods of active duty or full-time National Guard duty for which the member is exempt from strength accounting under paragraphs (1) through (8) of subsection (i). (4) As part of the budget justification materials submitted by the Secretary of Defense to Congress in support of the end strength authorizations required under subparagraphs (A) and (B) of subsection (a)(1) for fiscal year 2009 and each fiscal year thereafter, the Secretary shall provide the following:(A) The number of members, specified by reserve component, authorized under subparagraphs (A) and (B) of paragraph (1) who were serving on active duty or full-time National Guard duty for operational support beyond each of the limits specified under subparagraphs (A) and (B) of paragraph (2) at the end of the fiscal year preceding the fiscal year for which the budget justification materials are submitted. (B) The number of members, specified by reserve component, on active duty for operational support who, at the end of the fiscal year for which the budget justification materials are submitted, are projected to be serving on active duty or full-time National Guard duty for operational support beyond such limits. (C) The number of members, specified by reserve component, on active duty or full-time National Guard duty for operational support who are included in, and counted against, the end strength authorizations requested under subparagraphs (A) and (B) of subsection (a)(1). (D) A summary of the missions being performed by members identified under subparagraphs (A) and (B). (c) Limitation on Appropriations for Military Personnel.—No funds may be appropriated for any fiscal year to or for—(1) the use of active-duty personnel or full-time National Guard duty personnel of any of the armed forces (other than the Coast Guard) unless the end strength for such personnel of that armed force for that fiscal year has been authorized by law; (2) the use of the Selected Reserve of any reserve component of the armed forces unless the end strength for the Selected Reserve of that component for that fiscal year has been authorized by law; (3) the use of members of the Space Force in space force active status unless the end strength for the Space Force for that fiscal year for members in space force active status has been authorized by law; or (4) the use of reserve component personnel to perform active duty or full-time National Guard duty under subsection (b) unless the strength for such personnel for that reserve component for that fiscal year has been authorized by law. (d) Military Technician (Dual Status) End Strengths To Be Authorized by Law.—Congress shall authorize for each fiscal year both the minimum end strength for non-temporary military technicians (dual status) and the end strength for temporary military technicians (dual status) for each reserve component of the Army and Air Force. Funds available to the Department of Defense for any fiscal year may not be used for the pay of a military technician (dual status) during that fiscal year unless the technician fills a position that is within the number of such positions authorized by law for that fiscal year for the reserve component of that technician. This subsection applies without regard to section 129 of this title. In each budget submitted by the President to Congress under section 1105 of title 31, the minimum end strength for non-temporary military technicians (dual status), and the end strength for temporary military technicians (dual status), requested for each reserve component of the Army and Air Force shall be specifically set forth. (e) End-of-Quarter Strength Levels.—(1) The Secretary of Defense shall prescribe and include in the budget justification documents submitted to Congress in support of the President’s budget for the Department of Defense for any fiscal year the Secretary’s proposed end-of-quarter strengths for each of the first three quarters of the fiscal year for which the budget is submitted, in addition to the Secretary’s proposed fiscal-year end-strengths for that fiscal year. Such end-of-quarter strengths shall be submitted for each category of personnel for which end strengths are required to be authorized by law under subsection (a) or (d). The Secretary shall ensure that resources are provided in the budget at a level sufficient to support the end-of-quarter and fiscal-year end-strengths as submitted. (2)(A) After annual end-strength levels required by subsections (a) and (d) are authorized by law for a fiscal year, the Secretary of Defense shall promptly prescribe end-of-quarter strength levels for the first three quarters of that fiscal year applicable to each such end-strength level. Such end-of-quarter strength levels shall be established for any fiscal year as levels to be achieved in meeting each of those annual end-strength levels authorized by law in accordance with subsection (a) (as such levels may be adjusted pursuant to subsection (f)) and subsection (d). (B) At least annually, the Secretary of Defense shall establish for each of the armed forces (other than the Coast Guard) the maximum permissible variance of actual strength for an armed force at the end of any given quarter from the end-of-quarter strength established pursuant to subparagraph (A). Such variance shall be such that it promotes the maintaining of the strength necessary to achieve the end-strength levels authorized in accordance with subsection (a) (as adjusted pursuant to subsection (f)) and subsection (d). (3) Whenever the Secretary establishes an end-of-quarter strength level under subparagraph (A) of paragraph (2), or modifies a strength level under the authority provided in subparagraph (B) of paragraph (2), the Secretary shall notify the Committee on Armed Services of the Senate and the Committee on Armed Services of the House of Representatives of that strength level or of that modification, as the case may be. (f) Authority for Secretary of Defense Variances for Active-Duty and Selected Reserve Strengths.—Upon determination by the Secretary of Defense that such action is in the national interest, the Secretary may—(1) vary the end strength authorized pursuant to subsection (a)(1)(A) for a fiscal year for any of the armed forces by a number equal to not more than 3 percent of that end strength; (2) vary the end strength authorized pursuant to subsection (a)(1)(B) for a fiscal year for any of the armed forces by a number equal to not more than 3 percent of that end strength; (3) vary the end strength authorized pursuant to subsection (a)(2) for a fiscal year for the Selected Reserve of any of the reserve components by a number equal to not more than 3 percent of that end strength; and (4) vary the maximum strength authorized pursuant to subsection (b)(1) for a fiscal year for certain reserves on active duty for any of the reserve components by a number equal to not more than 10 percent of that strength. (g) Authority for Service Secretary Variances for Active-duty and Selected Reserve End Strengths.—(1) Upon determination by the Secretary of a military department that such action would enhance manning and readiness in essential units or in critical specialties or ratings, the Secretary may—(A) vary the end strength pursuant to subsection (a)(1)(A) for a fiscal year for the armed force or forces under the jurisdiction of that Secretary by a number not equal to more than 2 percent of such authorized end strength; (B) vary the end strength pursuant to subsection (a)(1)(B) for a fiscal year for the armed force or forces under the jurisdiction of that Secretary by a number not equal to more than 2 percent of such authorized end strength; and (C) vary the end strength pursuant to subsection (a)(2) for a fiscal year for the Selected Reserve of the reserve component of the armed force or forces under the jurisdiction of that Secretary by a number equal to not more than 2 percent of such authorized end strength. (2) Any variance under paragraph (1)(A) of the end strength for an armed force for a fiscal year shall be counted as part of the variance for that armed force for that fiscal year authorized under subsection (f)(1). Any variance under paragraph (1)(B) of the end strength for the Selected Reserve of a reserve component of an armed force for a fiscal year shall be counted as part of the variance for that Selected Reserve for that fiscal year authorized under subsection (f)(3). (3) The Secretary of the military department concerned shall promptly notify the congressional defense committees if such Secretary exceeds a variance under paragraph (1), and at least once every 90 days thereafter for so long as such end strength is outside such variance. Each such notification shall include the following:(A) Modified projected end strengths for active and reserve components of the armed force or forces for which such Secretary exceeds such variance. (B) An identification of any budgetary effects projected as a result of such modified end strength projections. (C) An explanation of any effects on readiness resulting from such modified end strength projections. (h) Adjustment When Coast Guard is Operating as a Service in the Navy.—The authorized strength of the Navy under subsection (a)(1) is increased by the authorized strength of the Coast Guard during any period when the Coast Guard is operating as a service in the Navy. (i) Certain Personnel Excluded From Counting for Active-Duty End Strengths.—In counting personnel for the purpose of the end strengths authorized pursuant to subsection (a)(1), persons in the following categories shall be excluded:(1) Members of a reserve component ordered to active duty under section 12301(a) of this title. (2) Members of a reserve component in an active status ordered to active duty under section 12301(b) of this title. (3) Members of the Ready Reserve ordered to active duty under section 12302 of this title. (4) Members of the Selected Reserve of the Ready Reserve or members of the Individual Ready Reserve mobilization category described in section 10144(b) of this title ordered to active duty under section 12304 of this title. (5) Members of the National Guard called into Federal service under section 12406 of this title. (6) Members of the militia called into Federal service under chapter 13 of this title. (7) Members of the National Guard on full-time National Guard duty under section 502(f)(1)(A) of title 32. (8) Members of reserve components on active duty for training or full-time National Guard duty for training. (9) Members of the Selected Reserve of the Ready Reserve on active duty to support programs described in section 1321(a) of the Department of Defense Cooperative Threat Reduction Act (50 U.S.C. 3711(a)). (10) Members of the National Guard on active duty or full-time National Guard duty for the purpose of carrying out drug interdiction and counter-drug activities under section 112 of title 32. (11) Members of a reserve component on active duty under section 10(b)(2) of the Military Selective Service Act (50 U.S.C. App. 460(b)(2)) 11 See References in Text note below. for the administration of the Selective Service System. (12) Members of the National Guard on full-time National Guard duty for the purpose of providing command, administrative, training, or support services for the National Guard Challenge Program authorized by section 509 of title 32. (13) Members of the National Guard on full-time National Guard duty involuntarily and performing homeland defense activities under chapter 9 of title 32.

10 U.S.C. § 115a Annual defense manpower profile report and related reports

(a) Not later than April 1 each year, the Secretary of Defense shall submit to the Committees on Armed Services of the Senate and the House of Representatives, and furnish to any Member of Congress upon request, a defense manpower profile report. The report shall contain the Secretary’s recommendations for—(1) the annual active-duty end-strength level for each component of the armed forces for the next fiscal year; and (2) the annual civilian personnel requirements level for each component of the Department of Defense for the next fiscal year and the civilian end-strength level for the prior fiscal year. (b)(1) The Secretary shall include in each report under subsection (a) justification for the strength levels recommended and an explanation of the relationship between the personnel strength levels recommended for that fiscal year and the national security policies of the United States in effect at the time. (2) The justification and explanation required by paragraph (1) shall include the following:(A) An explanation of how personnel end strength level requests address threats described in the national defense strategy under section 113(g) of this title. (B) The rationale for recommended increases or decreases in active, reserve, and civilian personnel for each component of the Department of Defense. (C) The actual end strength number for each armed force for the prior fiscal year, compared to authorized end strength levels. (D) The shortfall in recruiting by each armed force as a percentage, as the Secretary determines appropriate. (c) The Secretary shall include in each report under subsection (a) a detailed discussion of the manpower required for support and overhead functions within the armed forces and the Department of Defense. (d)(1) The Secretary shall include in each report under subsection (a) a detailed discussion of the management of the civilian workforce of the Department of Defense. The discussion shall include the matter specified in paragraph (2) for the civilian workforce of—(A) the Office of the Secretary of Defense; (B) the Defense Agencies; (C) the Department of Defense Field Activities; and (D) the military departments. (2) The matter to be included in each discussion under paragraph (1), with respect to the civilian workforce of each element of the Department of Defense named in such paragraph, is the following:(A) An assessment of the projected size and associated cost of such civilian workforce in the current year and for each year in the future-years defense program. (B) If the projected size and associated cost of such civilian workforce has changed from the previous year’s projected size and associated cost, an explanation of the reasons for the increase or decrease from the previous projection, including an explanation of any efforts to reduce the overall costs of the total force of military, civilian, and contract workforces. (C) In the case of a transfer of functions between military, civilian, and contractor workforces, an explanation of the reasons for the transfer and the steps that have been taken to control the overall cost of the function to the Department. (e) Not later than April 1 each year, the Secretary shall submit to Congress a report that sets forth, with respect to each armed force under the jurisdiction of the Secretary of a military department, the following:(1) The number of positions that require warrant officers or commissioned officers serving on active duty in each of the officer grades during the current fiscal year and the estimated number of such positions for each of the next five fiscal years. (2) The estimated number of officers that will be serving on active duty in each grade on the last day of the current fiscal year and the estimated numbers of officers that will be needed on active duty on the last day of each of the next five fiscal years. (3) An estimate and analysis for the current fiscal year and for each of the next five fiscal years of gains to and losses from the number of members on active duty in each officer grade, including a tabulation of—(A) retirements displayed by year of active commissioned service; (B) discharges; (C) other separations; (D) deaths; (E) promotions; and (F) reserve and regular officers ordered to active duty or, in the case of the Space Force, officers ordered to active duty other than under section 20105(b) of this title. (4) The opportunities for promotion of commissioned officers anticipated to be estimated pursuant to section 623(b)(4) of this title for the fiscal year in which such report is submitted for purposes of promotion selection boards convened pursuant to section 611 of this title during such fiscal year. (f)(1) Not later than April 1 each year, the Secretary shall submit to Congress a report that sets forth recommendations for the end-strength levels for medical personnel for each component of the armed forces as of the end of the next fiscal year. (2) For purposes of this subsection, the term “medical personnel” includes—(A) in the case of the Army, members of the Medical Corps, Dental Corps, Nurse Corps, Medical Service Corps, Veterinary Corps, and Army Medical Specialist Corps; (B) in the case of the Navy, members of the Medical Corps, Dental Corps, Nurse Corps, and Medical Service Corps; (C) in the case of the Air Force, members designated as medical officers, dental officers, Air Force nurses, medical service officers, and biomedical science officers; (D) enlisted members engaged in or supporting medically related activities; and (E) such other personnel as the Secretary considers appropriate. (g) Not later than June 1 each year, the Secretary shall submit to Congress a report that sets forth the following information with respect to personnel assigned to or supporting major Department of Defense headquarters activities:(1) The military end strength and civilian full-time equivalents assigned to major Department of Defense headquarters activities for the preceding fiscal year. (2) A summary of the replacement during the preceding fiscal year of contract workyears providing support to major Department of Defense headquarters activities with military end strength or civilian full-time equivalents, including an estimate of the number of contract workyears associated with the replacement of contracts performing inherently governmental or exempt functions. (3) The plan for the continued review of contract personnel supporting major Department of Defense headquarters activities for possible conversion to military or civilian performance in accordance with section 2463 of this title. (4) The amount of any adjustment in the limitation on personnel made by the Secretary of Defense or the Secretary of a military department, and, for each adjustment made pursuant to section 1111(b)(2) of the Duncan Hunter National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2009 (10 U.S.C. 143 note), the purpose of the adjustment. (h) Not later than April 1 each year, the Secretary shall submit to Congress a report that sets forth the following with respect to personnel:(1) The number of members of the Armed Forces who are not citizens of the United States during the year covered by such report. (2) The immigration status of such members. (3) The number of such members naturalized.

10 U.S.C. § 116 Annual operations and maintenance report

(a)(1) The Secretary of Defense shall submit to Congress a written report, not later than February 15 of each fiscal year, with respect to the operations and maintenance of the Army, Navy, Air Force, Marine Corps, and Space Force for the next fiscal year. The Secretary shall include in each such report recommendations for—(A) the number of aircraft flying hours for the Army, Navy, Air Force, and Marine Corps for the next fiscal year, the number of ship steaming hours for the Navy for the next fiscal year, and the number of field training days for the combat arms battalions of the Army and Marine Corps for the next fiscal year; (B) the number of ships over 3,000 tons (full load displacement) in each Navy ship classification on which major repair work should be performed during the next fiscal year; and (C) the number of airframe reworks, aircraft engine reworks, and vehicle overhauls which should be performed by the Army, Navy, Air Force, and Marine Corps during the next fiscal year. (2) The Secretary shall also include in each such report the justification for and an explanation of the level of funding recommended in the Budget of the President for the next fiscal year for aircraft flying hours, ship steaming hours, field training days for the combat arms battalions, major repair work to be performed on ships of the Navy, airframe reworks, aircraft engine reworks, and vehicle overhauls. (b) The Secretary may submit the report required by subsection (a) by including the materials required in the report as an exhibit to the defense authorization request submitted pursuant to section 113a of this title in the fiscal year concerned. (c) In this section:(1) The term “combat arms battalions” means armor, infantry, mechanized infantry, air assault infantry, airborne infantry, ranger, artillery, and combat engineer battalions and armored cavalry and air cavalry squadrons. (2) The term “major repair work” means, in the case of any ship to which subsection (a) is applicable, any overhaul, modification, alteration, or conversion work which will result in a total cost to the United States of more than $10,000,000.

10 U.S.C. § 117 Readiness reporting system

(a) Required Readiness Reporting System.—The Secretary of Defense shall establish a comprehensive readiness reporting system for the Department of Defense. The readiness reporting system shall measure in an objective, accurate, and timely manner the capability of the armed forces to carry out—(1) the National Security Strategy prescribed by the President in the most recent annual national security strategy report under section 108 of the National Security Act of 1947 (50 U.S.C. 3043); (2) the defense planning guidance provided by the Secretary of Defense pursuant to section 113(g) of this title; and (3) the National Military Strategy prescribed by the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff. (b) Readiness Reporting System Characteristics.—In establishing and maintaining the readiness reporting system, the Secretary shall ensure—(1) that the readiness reporting system and associated policies are applied uniformly throughout the Department of Defense, including between and among the joint staff and each of the armed forces; (2) that is the single authoritative readiness reporting system for the Department, and that there shall be no military service specific systems; (3) that readiness assessments are accomplished at an organizational level at, or below, the level at which forces are employed; (4) that the reporting system include resources information, force posture, and mission centric capability assessments, as well as predicted changes to these attributes; (5) that information in the readiness reporting system is continually updated, with (A) any change in the overall readiness status of a unit, or element of a unit, that is required to be reported as part of the readiness reporting system being reported within 24 hours of the event necessitating the change in readiness status, and (B) any change in the overall readiness status of an element of the training establishment or an element of defense infrastructure that is required to be reported as part of the readiness reporting system being reported within 72 hours of the event necessitating the change in readiness status; and (6) that sufficient resources are provided to establish and maintain the system so as to allow reporting of changes in readiness status as required by this section. (c) Capabilities.—The readiness reporting system shall measure such factors relating to readiness as the Secretary prescribes, except that the system shall include the capability to do each of the following:(1) Measure the readiness of units (both as elements of their respective armed force and as elements of joint forces) to conduct their designed and assigned missions. (2) Measure the capability of training establishments to provide trained and ready forces for designed and assigned missions. (3) Measure the capability of defense installations and facilities and other elements of Department of Defense infrastructure, both in the United States and abroad, to provide appropriate support to forces in the conduct of their designed and assigned missions. (4) Measure critical warfighting deficiencies in unit capability. (5) Measure critical warfighting deficiencies in training establishments and defense infrastructure. (6) Measure the extent to which units of the armed forces remove serviceable parts, supplies, or equipment from one vehicle, vessel, or aircraft in order to render a different vehicle, vessel, or aircraft operational. (d) Regulations.—The Secretary shall prescribe regulations to carry out this section. In those regulations, the Secretary shall prescribe the established information technology system for Department of Defense reporting, specifically authorize exceptions to a single-system architecture, and identify the organizations, units, and entities that are subject to reporting in the readiness reporting system, what organization resources are subject to such reporting, and the elements of the training establishment and of defense infrastructure that are subject to such reporting.

10 U.S.C. § 118 Materiel readiness metrics and materiel readiness objectives for major weapon systems

(a) Materiel Readiness Metrics.—Each head of an element of the Department specified in paragraphs (1) through (10) of section 111(b) of this title shall establish and maintain materiel readiness metrics to enable assessment of the readiness of members of the armed forces to carry out—(1) the strategic framework required by section 113(g)(1)(B)(vii) 11 See References in Text note below. of this title; and (2) guidance issued by the Secretary of Defense pursuant to section 113(g)(1)(B) of this title. (b) Required Metrics.—At a minimum, the materiel readiness metrics required by subsection (a) shall establish procedures and a computation methodology to determine the materiel availability, operational availability, operational capability, and materiel reliability of each major weapon system by designated mission, design series, variant, or class. (c) Materiel Readiness Objectives.—(1) Not later than one year after the date of the enactment of this subsection, each head of an element described in subsection (a) shall establish materiel readiness objectives for each major weapon system. (2) Annually, each head of an element described in subsection (a) shall review and revise such materiel readiness objectives and include any such revisions in the materials submitted to Congress in support of the budget of the President under section 1105 of title 31. (d) Budget Justification.—Not later than five days after the date on which the Secretary of Defense submits to Congress the materials in support of the budget of the President for a fiscal year, the Secretary of Defense shall submit to the congressional defense committees an annual report on major weapons systems sustainment for the period covered by the future years defense program specified by section 221 of this title. Such report shall include—(1) an assessment of the materiel availability, operational availability, and materiel reliability for each major weapon system; and (2) a detailed explanation of any factors that could preclude the Department of Defense or any of the military departments from meeting applicable materiel readiness objectives, such as infrastructure, workforce, or supply chain considerations. (e) Funding Estimates.—Not later than five days after the date on which the Secretary of Defense submits to Congress the materials in support of the budget of the President for a fiscal year, the Director of Cost Assessment and Performance Evaluation shall submit to the congressional defense committees a comprehensive estimate of the funds necessary to meet the materiel readiness objectives required by subsection (c) through the period covered by the most recent future-years defense program. At a minimum, the Director shall provide, for each major weapon system, by designated mission, design series, variant, or class, a comprehensive estimate of the funds necessary to meet such objectives that—(1) have been obligated by subactivity group within the operation and maintenance accounts for the second fiscal year preceding the budget year; (2) the Director estimates will have been obligated by subactivity group within the operation and maintenance accounts by the end of the fiscal year preceding the budget year; and (3) have been budgeted and programmed across the future years defense program within the operation and maintenance accounts by subactivity group. (f) Definitions.—In this section:(1) The term “major weapon system” has the meaning given in section 101(a) of this title. (2) The term “materiel availability” means a measure of the percentage of the total inventory of a major weapon system that is operationally capable of performing an assigned mission. (3) The term “materiel readiness objective” means the minimum required availability of each covered system that is necessary to fulfill the requirements of the strategic framework and guidance referred to in subsection (a). (4) The term “materiel reliability” means the probability that a major weapon system will perform without failure over a specified interval. (5) The term “operational availability” means a measure of the percentage of time a major weapon system is operationally capable. (6) The term “operationally capable” means a materiel condition indicating that a major weapon system is capable of performing its assigned mission and has no discrepancies with a subsystem of a major weapon system.

10 U.S.C. § 118a Quadrennial quality of life review

(a) Review Required.—(1) The Secretary of Defense shall every four years conduct a comprehensive examination of the quality of life of the members of the armed forces (to be known as the “quadrennial quality of life review”). The review shall include examination of the programs, projects, and activities of the Department of Defense, including the morale, welfare, and recreation activities. (2) The quadrennial quality of life review shall be designed to result in determinations, and to foster policies and actions, that reflect the priority given the quality of life of members of the armed forces as a primary concern of the Department of Defense leadership. (b) Conduct of Review.—Each quadrennial quality of life review shall be conducted so as—(1) to assess quality of life priorities and issues consistent with the most recent National Security Strategy prescribed by the President pursuant to section 108 of the National Security Act of 1947 (50 U.S.C. 3043); (2) to identify actions that are needed in order to provide members of the armed forces with the quality of life reasonably necessary to encourage the successful execution of the full range of missions that the members are called on to perform under the national security strategy; and (3) to identify other actions that have the potential for improving the quality of life of the members of the armed forces. (c) Considerations.—The Secretary shall consider addressing the following matters as part of the quadrennial quality of life review:(1) Infrastructure. (2) Military construction. (3) Physical conditions at military installations and other Department of Defense facilities. (4) Budget plans. (5) Adequacy of medical care for members of the armed forces and their dependents. (6) Adequacy of housing and the basic allowance for housing and basic allowance for subsistence. (7) Housing-related utility costs. (8) Educational opportunities and costs. (9) Length of deployments. (10) Rates of pay and pay differentials between the pay of members and the pay of civilians. (11) Retention and recruiting efforts. (12) Workplace safety. (13) Support services for spouses and children. (14) Other elements of Department of Defense programs and Government policies and programs that affect the quality of life of members. (15) Support services for Gold Star families. (d) Submission to Congressional Committees.—(1) The Secretary shall submit a report on each quadrennial quality of life review to the Committee on Armed Services of the Senate and the Committee on Armed Services of the House of Representatives. The report shall include the following:(A) The assumptions used in the review. (B) The results of the review, including a comprehensive discussion of how the quality of life of members of the armed forces affects the national security strategy of the United States. (2) The report shall be submitted in the year following the year in which the review is conducted, but not later than the date on which the President submits the budget for the next fiscal year to Congress under section 1105(a) of title 31.

10 U.S.C. § 118b National Defense Sustainment and Logistics Review

(a) Review Required.—Upon submission of each national defense strategy under section 113(g) of this title, the Secretary of Defense shall conduct a comprehensive review of the sustainment and logistics requirements necessary to support the force structure, force modernization, infrastructure, force deployment capabilities, response to risks to military installation resilience, and other elements of the defense program and policies of the United States during the subsequent 5-, 10-, and 25-year periods. Each such review shall be known as the ‘National Defense Sustainment and Logistics Review’. Each such review shall be conducted in consultation with the Secretaries of the military departments, the Chiefs of Staff of the Armed Forces, all functional and geographic combatant commanders, and the Director of the Defense Logistics Agency. (b) Report to Congress.—(1) Not later than the first Monday in February of the year following the fiscal year during which the National Defense Strategy was submitted under section 113(g) of this title, the Secretary shall submit to the congressional defense committees a report on the review required by subsection (a). Each such report shall include each of the following:(A) An assessment of the strategic, operational, and tactical maritime logistics force (including non-military assets provided by Military Sealift Command, the Maritime Administration, and through the Voluntary Intermodal Sealift Agreement and Voluntary Tanker Agreement) required to support sealift, at sea logistics, and over-the-shore logistics of forces to meet steady state and contingency requirements and the strategic and intra-theater movement of supplies, personnel, and equipment. (B) An assessment of the strategic, operational, and tactical airlift and tankers (including non-military assets provided by the Civil Reserve Air Fleet) required to meet steady state and contingency requirements. (C) An assessment of the location, configuration, material condition, and inventory of prepositioned materiel, equipment, and war reserves programs, as well as the ability to store and distribute these items to deployed military forces, required to meet steady state and contingency requirements. (D) An assessment of the location, infrastructure, and storage capacity for petroleum, oil, and lubricant products, as well as the ability to store, transport, and distribute such products from storage supply points to deployed military forces, required to meet steady state and contingency requirements. (E) An assessment of the capabilities, capacity, and infrastructure of the Department of Defense organic industrial base and private sector industrial base required to meet steady-state and surge software and depot maintenance requirements. (F) An assessment of the production capability, capacity, and infrastructure, of the Department of Defense organic industrial base and private sector industrial base required to meet steady-state and surge production requirements for ammunition and other military munitions. (G) An assessment of the condition, capacity, location, and survivability under likely threats of military infrastructure located both inside the continental United States and outside the continental United States, including agreements with and infrastructure provided by international partners, required to generate, project, and sustain military forces to meet steady-state and contingency requirements. (H) An assessment of the cybersecurity risks to military and commercial logistics networks and information technology systems. (I) An assessment of the gaps between the requirements identified under subparagraphs (A) through (H) compared to the actual force structure and infrastructure capabilities, capacity, and posture and the risks associated with each gap as it relates to the ability to meet the national defense strategy. (J) A discussion of the identified mitigations being pursued to address each gap and risk identified under subparagraph (I) as well as the initiatives and resources planned to address such gaps, as included in the Department of Defense budget request submitted during the same year as the report and the applicable future-years defense program. (K) An assessment of the extent to which wargames incorporate logistics capabilities and threats and a description of the logistics constraints and restraints to operations identified through such wargames. (L) An assessment of the ability of the Department of Defense, the Armed Forces, and the combatant commands to leverage and integrate emergent logistics related technologies and advanced computing systems. (M) Such other matters the Secretary of Defense considers appropriate. (2) In preparing the report under paragraph (1), the Secretary of Defense shall consult with, and consider the recommendations of, the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff. (3) The report required under this subsection shall be submitted in classified form and shall include an unclassified summary. (c) Comptroller General Review.—Not later than 180 days after the date on which Secretary submits each report required under subsection (b), the Comptroller General shall submit to the congressional defense committees a report that includes an assessment of each of the following:(1) Whether the report includes each of the elements referred to in subsection (b). (2) The strengths and weaknesses of the approach and methodology used in conducting the review required under subsection (a) that is covered by the report. (3) Any other matters relating to sustainment that may arise from the report, as the Comptroller General considers appropriate. (d) Relationship to Budget.—Nothing in this section shall be construed to affect section 1105(a) of title 31.

10 U.S.C. § 118c National Defense Science and Technology Strategy

(a) In General.—The Secretary of Defense shall develop a strategy—(1) to articulate the science and technology priorities, goals, and investments of the Department of Defense; (2) to make recommendations on the future of the defense research and engineering enterprise and its continued success in an era of strategic competition; and (3) to establish an integrated approach to the identification, prioritization, development, and fielding of emerging capabilities and technologies. (b) Elements.—The strategy required under subsection (a) shall—(1) inform the development of each National Defense Strategy under section 113(g) of this title and be aligned with Government-wide strategic science and technology priorities, including the defense budget priorities of the Office of Science and Technology Policy of the President; (2) link the priorities, goals, and investments in subsection (a)(1) with needed critical enablers to specific programs, or broader portfolios, including—(A) personnel and workforce capabilities; (B) facilities for research and test infrastructure; (C) relationships with academia, the acquisition community, the operational community, the defense industry, and the commercial sector; and (D) funding, investments, personnel, facilities, and relationships with other departments and agencies of the Federal Government outside the Department of Defense without which defense capabilities would be severely degraded; (3) support the coordination of acquisition priorities, programs, and timelines of the Department with the activities of the defense research and engineering enterprise; (4) include recommendations for changes in authorities, regulations, policies, or any other relevant areas, that would support the achievement of the goals set forth in the strategy; (5) identify mechanisms that may be used to identify critical capabilities and technological applications required to address operational challenges outlined in the National Defense Strategy under section 113(g) of this title; (6) identify processes to inform senior leaders and policy makers on the potential impacts of emerging technologies for the purpose of shaping the development of policies and regulations; (7) support the efficient integration of capabilities and technologies to close near-term, mid-term, and long-term capability gaps; (8) support the development of appropriate investments in research and technology development within the Department, and appropriate partnerships with the defense industry and commercial industry; and (9) identify mechanisms to provide information on defense technology priorities to industry to enable industry to invest deliberately in emerging technologies to build and broaden the capabilities of the industrial base. (c) Coordination.—The Secretary of Defense shall develop the strategy under subsection (a) in coordination with relevant entities within the Office of the Secretary of Defense, the military departments, the research organizations of Defense Agencies and Department of Defense Field Activities, the intelligence community, defense and technology industry partners, research and development partners, other Federal research agencies, allies and partners of the United States, and other appropriate organizations. (d) Considerations.—In developing the strategy under subsection (a), the Secretary of Defense shall consider—(1) the operational challenges identified in the National Defense Strategy and the technological threats and opportunities identified through the global technology review and assessment activities of the Department of Defense, the intelligence community, and other technology partners; (2) current military requirements and emerging technologies in the defense and commercial sectors; (3) the capabilities of foreign near-peer and peer nations; (4) the need to support the development of a robust trusted and assured industrial base to manufacture and sustain the technologies and capabilities to meet defense requirements; and (5) near-term, mid-term, and long-term technology and capability development goals. (e) Reports.—(1) Subsequent reports and updates.—Not later than February 1 of the year following each fiscal year in which the National Defense Strategy is submitted under section 113(g) of this title, the Secretary of Defense shall submit to the congressional defense committees a report that includes an updated version of the strategy under subsection (a). Each update to such strategy shall be prepared for purposes of such report based on emerging requirements, technological developments in the United States, and technical intelligence derived from global technology reviews conducted by the Secretary of Defense. (2) Form of reports.—The reports submitted under paragraph (1) may be submitted in a form determined appropriate by the Secretary of Defense, which may include classified, unclassified, and publicly releasable formats, as appropriate. (f) Briefing.—Not later than 90 days after the date on which the strategy under subsection (a) is completed, the Secretary of Defense shall provide to the Committees on Armed Services of the Senate and the House of Representatives a briefing on the implementation plan for the strategy. (g) Designation.—The strategy developed under subsection (a) shall be known as the “National Defense Science and Technology Strategy”.

10 U.S.C. § 119 Special access programs: congressional oversight

(a)(1) Not later than March 1 of each year, the Secretary of Defense shall submit to the defense committees a report on special access programs. (2) Each such report shall set forth—(A) the total amount requested for special access programs of the Department of Defense in the President’s budget for the next fiscal year submitted under section 1105 of title 31; and (B) for each program in that budget that is a special access program—(i) a brief description of the program; (ii) a brief discussion of the major milestones established for the program; (iii) the actual cost of the program for each fiscal year during which the program has been conducted before the fiscal year during which that budget is submitted; and (iv) the estimated total cost of the program and the estimated cost of the program for (I) the current fiscal year, (II) the fiscal year for which the budget is submitted, and (III) each of the four succeeding fiscal years during which the program is expected to be conducted. (3) In the case of a report under paragraph (1) submitted in a year during which the President’s budget for the next fiscal year, because of multiyear budgeting for the Department of Defense, does not include a full budget request for the Department of Defense, the report required by paragraph (1) shall set forth—(A) the total amount already appropriated for the next fiscal year for special access programs of the Department of Defense and any additional amount requested in that budget for such programs for such fiscal year; and (B) for each program of the Department of Defense that is a special access program, the information specified in paragraph (2)(B). (b)(1) Not later than February 1 of each year, the Secretary of Defense shall submit to the defense committees a report that, with respect to each new special access program, provides—(A) notice of the designation of the program as a special access program; and (B) justification for such designation. (2) A report under paragraph (1) with respect to a program shall include—(A) the current estimate of the total program cost for the program; and (B) an identification of existing programs or technologies that are similar to the technology, or that have a mission similar to the mission, of the program that is the subject of the notice. (3) In this subsection, the term “new special access program” means a special access program that has not previously been covered in a notice and justification under this subsection. (c)(1) Whenever a change in the classification of a special access program of the Department of Defense is planned to be made or whenever classified information concerning a special access program of the Department of Defense is to be declassified and made public, the Secretary of Defense shall submit to the defense committees a report containing a description of the proposed change, the reasons for the proposed change, and notice of any public announcement planned to be made with respect to the proposed change. (2) Except as provided in paragraph (3), any report referred to in paragraph (1) shall be submitted not less than 14 days before the date on which the proposed change or public announcement is to occur. (3) If the Secretary determines that because of exceptional circumstances the requirement of paragraph (2) cannot be met with respect to a proposed change or public announcement concerning a special access program of the Department of Defense, the Secretary may submit the report required by paragraph (1) regarding the proposed change or public announcement at any time before the proposed change or public announcement is made and shall include in the report an explanation of the exceptional circumstances. (d) Whenever there is a modification or termination of the policy and criteria used for designating a program of the Department of Defense as a special access program, the Secretary of Defense shall promptly notify the defense committees of such modification or termination. Any such notification shall contain the reasons for the modification or termination and, in the case of a modification, the provisions of the policy as modified. (e)(1) The Secretary of Defense may waive any requirement under subsection (a), (b), or (c) that certain information be included in a report under that subsection if the Secretary determines that inclusion of that information in the report would adversely affect the national security. Any such waiver shall be made on a case-by-case basis. (2) If the Secretary exercises the authority provided under paragraph (1), the Secretary shall provide the information described in that subsection with respect to the special access program concerned, and the justification for the waiver, jointly to the chairman and ranking minority member of each of the defense committees. (f) A special access program may not be initiated until—(1) the defense committees are notified of the program; and (2) a period of 30 days elapses after such notification is received. (g) In this section, the term “defense committees” means—(1) the Committee on Armed Services and the Committee on Appropriations, and the Defense Subcommittee of the Committee on Appropriations, of the Senate; and (2) the Committee on Armed Services and the Committee on Appropriations, and the Subcommittee on Defense of the Committee on Appropriations, of the House of Representatives.

10 U.S.C. § 119a Programs managed under alternative compensatory control measures: congressional oversight

(a) Annual Report on Current Programs Under ACCMS.—(1) In general.—Not later than March 1 each year, the Secretary of Defense shall submit to the congressional defense committees a report on the programs being managed under alternative compensatory control measures in the Department of Defense. (2) Elements.—Each report under paragraph (1) shall set forth the following:(A) The total amount requested for programs being managed under alternative compensatory control measures in the Department in the budget of the President under section 1105 of title 31 for the fiscal year beginning in the fiscal year in which such report is submitted. (B) For each program in that budget that is a program being managed under alternative compensatory control measures in the Department—(i) a brief description of the program; (ii) a brief discussion of the major milestones established for the program; (iii) the actual cost of the program for each fiscal year during which the program has been conducted before the fiscal year during which that budget is submitted; and (iv) the estimated total cost of the program and the estimated cost of the program for—(I) the current fiscal year; (II) the fiscal year for which that budget is submitted; and (III) each of the four succeeding fiscal years during which the program is expected to be conducted. (3) Elements on programs covered by multiyear budgeting.—In the case of a report under paragraph (1) submitted in a year during which the budget of the President for the fiscal year concerned does not, because of multiyear budgeting for the Department, include a full budget request for the Department, the report required by paragraph (1) shall set forth—(A) the total amount already appropriated for the next fiscal year for programs being managed under alternative compensatory control measures in the Department, and any additional amount requested in that budget for such programs for such fiscal year; and (B) for each program that is a program being managed under alternative compensatory control measures in the Department, the information specified in paragraph (2)(B). (b) Annual Report on New Programs Under ACCMS.—(1) In general.—Not later than February 1 each year, the Secretary shall submit to the congressional defense committees a report that, with respect to each new program being managed under alternative compensatory control measures in the Department, provides—(A) notice of the designation of the program as a program being managed under alternative compensatory control measures in the Department; and (B) a justification for such designation. (2) Additional elements.—A report under paragraph (1) with respect to a program shall include—(A) the current estimate of the total program cost for the program; and (B) an identification of existing programs or technologies that are similar to the technology, or that have a mission similar to the mission, of the program that is the subject of the report. (3) New program being managed under alternative compensatory control measures defined.—In this subsection, the term “new program being managed under alternative compensatory control measures” means a program in the Department that has not previously been covered by a report under this subsection. (c) Report on Change in Classification or Declassification of Programs.—(1) In general.—Whenever a change in the classification of a program being managed under alternative compensatory control measures in the Department is planned to be made, or whenever classified information concerning a program being managed under alternative compensatory control measures in the Department is to be declassified and made public, the Secretary shall submit to the congressional defense committees a report containing a description of the proposed change, the reasons for the proposed change, and notice of any public announcement planned to be made with respect to the proposed change. (2) Deadline for report.—Except as provided in paragraph (3), a report required by paragraph (1) shall be submitted not less than 14 days before the date on which the proposed change or public announcement concerned is to occur. (3) Exception.—If the Secretary determines that because of exceptional circumstances the requirement in paragraph (2) cannot be met with respect to a proposed change or public announcement concerning a program covered by paragraph (1), the Secretary may submit the report required by that paragraph regarding the proposed change or public announcement at any time before the proposed change or public announcement is made, and shall include in the report an explanation of the exceptional circumstances. (d) Modification of Criteria or Policy for Designating Programs Under Accms.—Whenever there is a modification or termination of the policy or criteria used for designating a program as a program being managed under alternative compensatory control measures in the Department, the Secretary shall promptly notify the congressional defense committees of such modification or termination. Any such notification shall contain the reasons for the modification or termination and, in the case of a modification, the provisions of the policy or criteria as modified. (e) Waiver.—(1) In general.—The Secretary may waive any requirement in subsection (a), (b), or (c) that certain information be included in a report under such subsection if the Secretary determines that inclusion of that information in the report would adversely affect the national security. Any such waiver shall be made on a case-by-case basis. (2) Notice to congress.—If the Secretary exercises the authority in paragraph (1), the Secretary shall provide the information described in the applicable subsection with respect to the program concerned, and the justification for the waiver, jointly to the chairman and ranking minority member of each of the congressional defense committees. (f) Limitation on Initiation of Programs Under Accms.—(1) Notice and wait.—Except as provided in paragraph (2), a program to be managed under alternative compensatory control measures in the Department may not be initiated until—(A) the congressional defense committees are notified of the program; and (B) a period of 30 days elapses after such notification is received. (2) Exception.—If the Secretary determines that waiting for the regular notification process before initiating a program as described in paragraph (1) would cause exceptionally grave damage to the national security, the Secretary may begin a program to be managed under alternative compensatory control measures in the Department before such waiting period elapses. The Secretary shall notify the congressional defense committees within 10 days of initiating a program under this paragraph, including a justification for the determination of the Secretary that waiting for the regular notification process would cause exceptionally grave damage to the national security. (g) Congressional Oversight.—(1) Neither the Secretary of Defense nor the Director of National Intelligence may take any action that would have the effect of limiting the access of the congressional defense committees to—(A) any classified program, or any information about any classified program, to which such committees have access as of the date of the enactment of the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2022; or (B) any classified program established, or any information about any classified program that becomes available, after the date of the enactment of such Act that is within the jurisdiction of such committees. (2) In this subsection, the term “classified program” includes any special access program, alternative compensatory control measure, or any other controlled access program.

10 U.S.C. § 120 Department of Defense executive aircraft controlled by Secretaries of military departments

(a) In General.—The Secretary of Defense shall ensure that the Chief of the Air Force Special Air Mission Office is given the responsibility for coordination of scheduling all Department of Defense executive aircraft controlled by the Secretaries of the military departments in order to support required use travelers. (b) Responsibilities.—(1) Not later than 180 days after the date of the enactment of this section, the Secretary of each of the military departments shall execute a memorandum of understanding with the Air Force Special Air Mission Office regarding oversight and management of executive aircraft controlled by that military department. (2) The Secretary of Defense shall establish standards for prioritizing access to executive aircraft controlled by the Secretaries of the military departments among authorized users of such aircraft within the Federal Government. (3) The Secretary of Defense shall assign a career appointee (as that term is defined in section 3132(a) of title 5) in the Senior Executive Service of the Department of Defense to coordinate the efficient tasking of executive aircraft controlled by the Secretaries of the military departments and compliance with rules, regulations, policies, and guidance relating to such aircraft, including the standards established under paragraph (2). The career appointee shall, as determined by the Secretary of Defense, have knowledge and experience relating to executive aircraft, including familiarity with the executive aircraft fleets controlled by the Secretaries of the military departments and procedures for the prioritization of executive aircraft users. (4) The Secretary of a military department shall maintain overall authority for scheduling the required use travelers of that military department on executive aircraft controlled by the Secretary. When an executive aircraft controlled by the Secretary of a military department is not supporting required use travelers of that military department, the Secretary of the military department shall make such executive aircraft available for scheduling of other required use travelers. (c) Limitations.—(1) The Secretary of Defense may not establish a new command and control organization to support aircraft. (2) No executive aircraft controlled by the Secretary of a military department may be permanently stationed at any location without a required use traveler without the approval of the Secretary of Defense. (d) Definitions.—In this section:(1) The term “required use traveler” has the meaning given such term in Department of Defense directive 4500.56, as in effect on the date of the enactment of this section. (2) The term “executive aircraft” has the meaning given such term in Department of Defense directive 4500.43, as in effect on the date of the enactment of this section.

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