Section FC 5704: Storage
5704.1 General.
Flammable and combustible liquids in containers and tanks shall be stored in accordance with this section, FC Chapter 50 and the New York State Department of Environmental Conservation regulations, as set forth in 6 NYCRR Parts 596, 598, 599, and 613.
5704.1.1 Aboveground storage prohibited.
Except as specifically authorized in FC 5706,* it shall be unlawful to store flammable liquids in an aboveground storage tank.
* Editor's note: "FC" prefix added at the discretion of the editor.
5704.1.2 Tank capacity limitations.
Except at a bulk plant or terminal or as otherwise specified in this chapter, the capacity of flammable and combustible liquid storage tanks shall not exceed the amounts set forth in FC 5704.1.2.1 through 5704.1.2.4.
5704.1.2.1 Underground flammable liquid tanks.
Individual underground flammable liquid storage tanks shall not exceed a capacity of 4,000 gallons (15 140 L). The aggregate capacity of underground flammable liquid storage tanks at a premises shall not exceed 20,000 gallons (75 700 L).
5704.1.2.2 Underground combustible liquid tanks.
Individual underground combustible liquid storage tanks shall not exceed a capacity of 12,000 gallons (45 420 L). The aggregate capacity of underground combustible liquid storage tanks at a premises shall not exceed 40,000 gallons (151 400 L).
5704.1.2.3 Aboveground, outdoor combustible liquid tanks.
The aggregate capacity of aboveground combustible liquid tanks installed outdoors at a premises shall not exceed 30,000 gallons (113 550 L).
5704.1.2.4 Aboveground, indoor combustible liquid tanks.
The aggregate capacity of aboveground combustible liquid tanks installed indoors shall not exceed 20,000 gallons (75 700 L).
5704.2 Tank storage.
The provisions of this section shall apply to:
1. The storage of flammable liquids in stationary aboveground tanks located outdoors and underground tanks.
2. The storage of combustible liquids in stationary aboveground tanks indoors and outdoors, and underground tanks.
3. Existing storage tank installations at bulk plants and terminals which have not been used for the storage of flammable or combustible liquids for a period in excess of 2 years from the date of completion of construction of the tank structure, if the tank is to be placed in service.
5704.2.1 Change of tank contents.
Tanks that will be undergoing a change in contents shall comply with the design and installation requirements applicable to the type of flammable or combustible liquid with which it is proposed to be filled in accordance with this chapter, including FC 5704.2.7. Prior to a change in contents, notification shall be made to the department, which may require submission of design and installation documents, testing of a tank for leaks, and/or documentation of compatibility. Tanks that have previously contained Class I liquids shall not be filled with Class II or Class III liquids until such tanks and all piping, pumps, hoses and meters connected thereto have been completely drained and flushed. Tanks that previously contained combustible motor fuel may be used for biodiesel motor fuel as set forth in FC 2307. Approval of the department shall be required for a change in contents to biodiesel only if the biofuel content exceeds 20 percent.
5704.2.2 Use of transport containers as stationary storage tanks.
Cargo tanks, tank cars, barges, marine vessels and watercraft shall not be used as stationary storage tanks unless approved.
Exception: A marine vessel or watercraft moored or anchored to privately owned waterfront property storing fuel oil to be used on such waterfront property, when the barge or vessel is located within the bulkhead line and the riparian ownership to the bulkhead line is under the same ownership as the waterfront property, the fuel oil is used only by the owner of such vessel or watercraft and the fuel oil is used beyond a radius of 200 feet (60 960 mm) from the waterfront. Fuel oil stored shall have the specific gravity of not more than 16 degrees Baumé. Such marine vessels and watercraft shall be located wholly within the bulkhead line and in such a position as not to constitute an encumbrance to navigation, and shall be constructed, equipped and protected against fire in compliance with the requirements of the commissioner.
5704.2.3 Labeling and signs.
Labeling and signs for storage tanks and storage tank areas shall comply with the requirements of FC 5704.2.3.1 and 5704.2.3.2.
5704.2.3.1 Smoking and open flame.
Signs shall be posted in storage areas prohibiting open flames and smoking. Signs shall comply with the requirements of 5703.5.
5704.2.3.2 Label or placard.
Tanks more than 100 gallons (379 L) in capacity, which are used for the storage of Class I, II or III liquids, shall bear a label and placard identifying the material therein. Placards shall be in accordance with NFPA 704.
Exception: Tanks located underground.
5704.2.4 Sources of ignition.
Open flames are prohibited in storage areas in accordance with FC 5003.7.
5704.2.5 Explosion control.
Explosion control shall be provided in accordance with FC 911.
5704.2.6 Separation from incompatible materials.
Flammable and combustible liquids shall be stored separated from incompatible materials, in accordance with FC 5003.9.8.
5704.2.7 Design and installation requirements for tanks.
Tanks shall be designed, constructed and installed in accordance with NFPA 30. Each tank shall bear a permanent nameplate or marking indicating the standard used as the basis of design.
5704.2.7.1 Materials used in tank construction.
The materials used in tank construction shall be in accordance with NFPA 30.
5704.2.7.2 Pressure limitations for tanks.
Tanks shall be designed for the pressures to which they will be subjected in accordance with NFPA 30.
5704.2.7.3 Tank vents for normal venting.
Tank vents for normal venting shall be installed and maintained in accordance with FC 5704.2.7.3.1 through 5704.2.7.3.5.
5704.2.7.3.1 Vent lines.
Vent lines from tanks shall not be used for purposes other than venting unless approved.
5704.2.7.3.2 Vent-line flame arresters and venting devices.
Listed or approved flame arresters or Pressure-vacuum (PV) vents that remain closed unless venting under pressure or vacuum conditions shall be installed in normal vents of tanks containing Class IB and IC liquids. Vent-line flame arresters shall be installed in accordance with their listings or API 2000 and maintained in accordance with NFPA 30 or API 2000. In-line flame arresters in piping systems shall be installed and maintained in accordance with their listing or API 2028. Pressure-vacuum vents shall be installed in accordance with NFPA 30 or API 2000 and maintained in accordance with NFPA 30 or API 2000.
Exception: Where the department determines that the use of such devices can result in damage to the tank.
5704.2.7.3.3 Vent pipe outlets.
Vent pipe outlets shall be located such that the vapors are released at a safe point outdoors and not less than 15 feet (4572 mm) above the adjacent ground level. Vapors shall be discharged upward or horizontally away from adjacent walls to assist in vapor dispersion. Vent outlets shall be located such that flammable or combustible vapors will not be trapped by eaves or other obstructions and shall be at least 10 feet (3048 mm) from building openings.
5704.2.7.3.4 Installation of vent piping.
Vent piping shall be designed, sized, constructed and installed in accordance with FC 5703.6. Vent pipes shall be installed such that they will drain toward the tank without sags or traps in which liquid can collect. Vent pipes shall be installed in such a manner so as not to be subject to physical damage or vibration.
5704.2.7.3.5 Manifolding.
Tank vent piping shall not be manifolded unless required for special purposes such as vapor recovery, vapor conservation or air pollution control.
5704.2.7.3.5.1 Aboveground tanks.
For aboveground tanks, manifolded vent pipes shall be adequately sized to prevent system pressure limits from being exceeded when manifolded tanks are subject to the same fire exposure.
5704.2.7.3.5.2 Underground tanks.
For underground tanks, manifolded vent pipes shall be sized to prevent system pressure limits from being exceeded when manifolded tanks are filled simultaneously.
5704.2.7.3.5.3 Tanks storing Class I liquids.
Vent piping for tanks storing Class I liquids shall not be manifolded with vent piping for tanks storing Class II and III liquids unless positive means are provided to prevent the vapors from Class I liquids from entering tanks storing Class II and III liquids, to prevent contamination and possible change in classification of less volatile liquid.
5704.2.7.4 Emergency venting.
Aboveground tanks shall be equipped with additional venting that will relieve excessive internal pressure caused by exposure to fires. Emergency vents shall not discharge indoors. The venting shall be installed and maintained in accordance with NFPA 30.
Exception: Tanks storing Class IIIB liquids that are larger than 12,000 gallons (45420 L) in capacity, located outdoors and not within the diked area or the drainage path of Class I or II liquids, do not require emergency relief venting.
5704.2.7.5 Tank openings other than vents.
Tank openings for other than vents shall comply with the requirements of FC 5704.2.7.5.1 through 5704.2.7.5.8.
5704.2.7.5.1 Connections below liquid level.
Connections for tank openings below the liquid level shall be liquid-tight.
5704.2.7.5.2 Filling, emptying and vapor recovery connections.
Filling, emptying and vapor recovery connections to tanks shall be located outdoors at a location free from sources of ignition and not less than 10 feet (3048 mm) away from building openings. Such openings shall be provided with a liquid-tight cap which shall be closed when not in use and properly identified.
5704.2.7.5.3 Piping, connections and fittings.
Piping, connections, fittings and other appurtenances shall be installed in accordance with FC 5703.6.
5704.2.7.5.4 Manual gauging.
Openings for manual gauging, if independent of the fill pipe, shall be provided with a liquid-tight cap or cover. Covers shall be kept closed when not gauging. Openings for manual gauging shall not be allowed for tanks installed indoors.
5704.2.7.5.5 Fill pipes and discharge lines.
For top-loaded tanks, a metallic fill pipe shall be designed and installed to minimize the generation of static electricity by terminating the pipe within 6 inches (152 mm) of the bottom of the tank, and it shall be installed in a manner which avoids excessive vibration.
5704.2.7.5.5.1 Class I liquids.
For Class I liquids other than crude oil, gasoline and asphalt, the fill pipe shall be designed and installed in a manner which will minimize the possibility of generating static electricity by terminating within 6 inches (152 mm) of the bottom of the tank.
5704.2.7.5.5.2 Underground tanks.
For underground tanks, fill pipe and discharge lines shall enter only through the top. Fill lines shall be sloped toward the tank. Underground tanks for Class I liquids shall be equipped with a vapor- and liquid-tight fill connection.
5704.2.7.5.6 Location of connections.
Filling, withdrawal and vapor-recovery connections that are made and broken shall be located outdoors at a location away from sources of ignition and not less than 10 feet (3048 mm) away from building openings. Such connections shall be closed and liquid-tight when not in use and shall be properly identified.
5704.2.7.5.7 Protection against vapor release.
Tank openings provided for purposes of vapor recovery shall be protected against vapor release by means of a spring-loaded check valve or dry-break connections, or other approved device, unless the opening is a pipe connected to a vapor processing system. Openings designed for combined fill and vapor recovery shall also be protected against vapor release unless connection of the liquid delivery line to the fill pipe simultaneously connects the vapor recovery line. Connections shall be vapor-tight.
5704.2.7.5.8 Overfill prevention.
An approved means or method in accordance with FC 5704.2.9.4 and 5704.2.9.6.5 for aboveground storage and FC 5704.2.11.4 for underground storage shall be provided to prevent the overfill of all flammable and combustible liquid storage tanks.
5704.2.7.6 Repair or alteration of tanks and piping.
The repair or alteration, including welding, cutting and hot tapping of storage tanks and piping that have been placed in service, shall be in accordance with NFPA 30. Hot work on such tanks shall be conducted in accordance with FC 3510. Hot tapping shall only be allowed with the approval of the commissioner.
5704.2.7.7 Design of supports.
The design of the supporting structure for tanks shall be in accordance with the construction codes, including the Building Code and NFPA 30.
5704.2.7.8 Locations subject to flooding.
When a tank is located in an area where it is subject to buoyancy because of a rise in the water table, flooding or accumulation of water from fire suppression operations, the tank shall be secured from movement in accordance with NFPA 30.
5704.2.7.9 Corrosion protection.
Where subject to external corrosion, tanks shall be fabricated from corrosion-resistant materials, coated or provided with corrosion protection in accordance with NFPA 30 and the New York State Department of Environmental Conservation regulations, as set forth in 6 NYCRR Part 613.
5704.2.7.10 Leak reporting.
A consistent or accidental loss of liquid, or other indication of a leak from a tank system, shall be reported immediately to the department and other authorities having jurisdiction.
5704.2.7.10.1 Leaking tank disposition.
Leaking tanks shall be promptly emptied, repaired and returned to service, sealed in place or removed in accordance with FC 5704.2.13.
5704.2.7.11 Tank lining.
Steel tanks are allowed to be lined only for the purpose of protecting the interior from corrosion or providing compatibility with a material to be stored. Only those liquids tested for compatibility with the lining material are allowed to be stored in lined tanks. Tank lining shall not be used for purposes of repairing a tank.
5704.2.8 Reserved.
5704.2.9 Aboveground tanks.
Aboveground storage of combustible liquids in tanks shall comply with the requirements of FC 5704.2, and FC 5704.2.9.1.2 through 5704.2.9.6.9. Except as specifically authorized in FC 5706, the storage of flammable liquid in aboveground storage tanks is prohibited.
5704.2.9.1 Reserved.
5704.2.9.1.1 Reserved.
5704.2.9.1.2 Foam fire protection system installation.
Where foam fire protection is approved for a required fire extinguishing system pursuant to this chapter, it shall be designed and installed in accordance with NFPA 11, as modified by FC Appendix B.
5704.2.9.1.2.1 Foam storage.
Where foam fire protection is approved for a required fire extinguishing system pursuant to this chapter, the foam-producing materials shall be stored on the premises.
5704.2.9.1.3 Fire protection of supports.
Supports or pilings for aboveground tanks storing Class I, II or IIIA liquids elevated more than 12 inches (305 mm) above grade shall have a fire-resistance rating of not less than 2 hours in accordance with the fire exposure criteria specified in ASTM E 1529.
Exception: Structural supports tested as part of a protected aboveground tank in accordance with UL 2085.
5704.2.9.1.4 Inerting of tanks with boilover liquids.
Liquids with boilover characteristics shall not be stored in fixed roof tanks larger than 150 feet (45720 mm) in diameter unless an approved gas enrichment or inerting system is provided on the tank.
5704.2.9.2 Supports, foundations and anchorage.
Supports, foundations and anchorages for aboveground tanks shall be designed and constructed in accordance with NFPA 30 and the construction codes, including the Building Code.
5704.2.9.3 Stairs, platforms and walkways.
Stairs, platforms and walkways shall be of noncombustible construction and shall be designed and constructed in accordance with NFPA 30 and the construction codes, including the Building Code.
5704.2.9.4 Aboveground tank overfill prevention.
Aboveground tanks shall not be filled in excess of 95 percent of their capacity. An approved overfill prevention system shall be provided for each tank. During tank-filling operations, the system shall automatically shut off the flow of liquid to the tank when the quantity of liquid in the tank reaches 95 percent of tank capacity. For rigid hose liquid-delivery systems, an approved means shall be provided to empty the fill hose into the tank after the automatic shutoff device is activated.
5704.2.9.5 Outdoor aboveground tanks.
Outdoor aboveground tanks shall comply with the requirements of FC 5704.2.9.5.1 through 5704.2.9.5.3.
5704.2.9.5.1 Locations of aboveground tanks.
Outdoor aboveground tanks shall be located in accordance with FC 5704.2.9.5.1.1 through 5704.2.9.5.1.5, as applicable.
5704.2.9.5.1.1 Location of tanks with pressures 2.5 psig or less.
Aboveground tanks operating at pressures not exceeding 2.5 psig (17.2 kPa) for storage of Class I, II or IIIA liquids, which are designed with a floating roof or a weak roof-to-shell seam, or equipped with emergency venting devices limiting pressure to 2.5 psig (17.2 kPa), shall be located in accordance with NFPA 30.
Exceptions:
1. Vertical tanks having a weak roof-to-shell seam and storing Class IIIA liquids are allowed to be located at one-half the distances specified in NFPA 30, provided the tanks are not within a diked area or drainage path for a tank storing Class I or II liquids.
2. Liquids with boilover characteristics and unstable liquids in accordance with FC 5704.2.9.5.1.3 and 5704.2.9.5.1.4.
3. For protected aboveground tanks in accordance with FC 5704.2.9.6, the distances in NFPA 30 shall apply and shall be reduced by one-half, but not to less than 5 feet (1524 mm).
5704.2.9.5.1.2 Location of tanks with pressures exceeding 2.5 psig.
Aboveground tanks for the storage of Class I, II or IIIA liquids operating at pressures exceeding 2.5 psig (17.2 kPa) or equipped with emergency venting allowing pressures to exceed 2.5 psig (17.2 kPa) shall be located in accordance with NFPA 30.
Exception: Liquids with boilover characteristics and unstable liquids in accordance with FC 5704.2.9.5.1.3 and 5704.2.9.5.1.4.
5704.2.9.5.1.3 Location of tanks for boilover liquids.
Aboveground tanks for storage of liquids with boilover characteristics shall be located in accordance with NFPA 30.
5704.2.9.5.1.4 Location of tanks for unstable liquids.
Aboveground tanks for the storage of unstable liquids shall be located in accordance with NFPA 30.
5704.2.9.5.1.5 Location of tanks for Class IIIB liquids.
Aboveground tanks for the storage of Class IIIB liquids, excluding unstable liquids, shall be located in accordance with NFPA 30, except when located within a diked area or drainage path for a tank or tanks storing Class I or II liquids. Where a Class IIIB liquid storage tank is within the diked area or drainage path for a Class I or II liquid, distances required by FC 5704.2.9.5.1.2 shall apply.
5704.2.9.5.2 Separation between adjacent stable or unstable liquid tanks.
The separation between tanks containing stable liquids shall be in accordance with NFPA 30. Where tanks are in a diked area containing Class I or II liquids, or in the drainage path of Class I or II liquids, and are compacted in three or more rows or in an irregular pattern, the commissioner may require greater separation than specified in NFPA 30 or other means to make tanks in the interior of the pattern accessible for firefighting purposes. The separation between tanks containing unstable liquids shall not be less than one-half the sum of their diameters.
Exception: Tanks used for storing Class IIIB liquids are allowed to be spaced 3 feet (914 mm) apart unless within a diked area or drainage path for a tank storing Class I or II liquids.
5704.2.9.5.3 Separation between adjacent tanks containing flammable or combustible liquids and LPG.
The minimum horizontal separation between an LPG container and a Class I, II or IIIA liquid storage tank shall be 20 feet (6096 mm) except in the case of Class I, II or IIIA liquid tanks operating at pressures exceeding 2.5 psig (17.2 kPa) or equipped with emergency venting allowing pressures to exceed 2.5 psig (17.2 kPa), in which case the provisions of FC 5704.2.9.5.2 shall apply. An approved means shall be provided to prevent the accumulation of Class I, II or IIIA liquids under adjacent LPG containers such as by dikes, diversion curbs or grading. When flammable or combustible liquid storage tanks are within a diked area, the LPG containers shall be outside the diked area and at least 10 feet (3048 mm) away from the centerline of the wall of the diked area.
Exception: Horizontal separation is not required between LPG containers and underground flammable and combustible liquid tanks.
5704.2.9.6 Additional requirements for protected aboveground tanks.
In addition to the requirements of this chapter for aboveground tanks, the installation of protected aboveground tanks shall be in accordance with FC 5704.2.9.6.1 through 5704.2.9.6.9.
5704.2.9.6.1 Tank construction.
The construction of a protected aboveground tank and its primary tank shall be in accordance with FC 5704.2.7.
5704.2.9.6.2 Normal and emergency venting.
Normal and emergency venting for protected aboveground tanks shall be provided in accordance with FC 5704.2.7.3 and 5704.2.7.4. The vent capacity reduction factor shall not be allowed.
5704.2.9.6.3 Secondary containment.
Protected aboveground tanks shall be provided with secondary containment, drainage control or diking in accordance with FC 5004.2 and 6 NYCRR Part 613. A means shall be provided to establish the integrity of the secondary containment in accordance with NFPA 30.
5704.2.9.6.4 Vehicle impact protection.
Where protected aboveground tanks, piping, electrical conduit or dispensers are subject to vehicular impact, they shall be protected therefrom, either by having the impact protection incorporated into the system design in compliance with the impact test protocol of UL 2085, or by meeting the provisions of FC 312, or where necessary, a combination of both. Where posts or other approved barriers are provided, they shall be independent of each aboveground tank.
5704.2.9.6.5 Overfill prevention sign.
A durable sign shall be conspicuously posted on or immediately adjacent to the fill point for the tank, setting forth the filling procedure and the tank calibration chart. The filling procedure shall require the person filling the tank to determine the number of gallons required to fill it to 90 percent of capacity before commencing the fill operation.
5704.2.9.6.6 Fill pipe connections.
The fill pipe shall be provided with a means for making a direct connection to the cargo tank's fuel delivery hose so that the delivery of fuel by means of a liquid-tight connection is not exposed to the open air during the filling operation. Where any portion of the fill pipe exterior to the tank extends below the level of the top of the tank, a check valve shall be installed in the fill pipe not more than 12 inches (305 mm) from the fill hose connection.
5704.2.9.6.7 Spill containers.
A spill container having a capacity of not less than 15 gallons (56.8 L) shall be provided for each fill connection. For tanks with a top fill connection, spill containers shall be noncombustible and shall be fixed to the tank and equipped with a manual drain valve that drains into the primary tank. For tanks with a remote fill connection, a portable spill container shall be allowed.
5704.2.9.6.8 Tank openings.
Tank openings in protected aboveground tanks shall be through the top only.
5704.2.9.6.9 Antisiphon devices.
Approved antisiphon devices shall be installed in each external pipe connected to the protected aboveground tank when the pipe extends below the level of the top of the tank.
5704.2.10 Drainage and diking.
The area surrounding a tank or group of tanks shall be provided with drainage control or shall be diked to prevent accidental discharge of liquid from endangering adjacent tanks, adjoining property or reaching waterways. The area shall be in compliance with the requirements of the New York State Department of Environmental Conservation regulations, as set forth in 6 NYCRR Part 613.
Exceptions:
1. For tanks having a capacity of less than 10,000 gallons (37 850 L), the commissioner may modify these requirements based on an approved technical report which demonstrates that such tank or group of tanks does not constitute a hazard to other tanks, waterways or adjoining property, after consideration of special features such as topographical conditions, nature of occupancy and proximity to buildings or structures on the same or adjacent property, capacity, and construction of proposed tanks and character of liquids to be stored, and nature and quantity of private and public fire protection provided.
2. Drainage control and diking is not required for listed secondary containment tanks.
5704.2.10.1 Volumetric capacity.
The volumetric capacity of the diked area shall not be less than the greatest amount of liquid that can be released from the largest tank within the diked area. The capacity of the diked area enclosing more than one tank shall be calculated by deducting the volume of the tanks other than the largest tank below the height of the dike.
5704.2.10.2 Diked areas containing multiple tanks.
Diked areas containing multiple tanks shall be subdivided in accordance with NFPA 30.
5704.2.10.3 Protection of piping from exposure fires.
Piping shall not pass through adjacent diked areas or impounding basins, unless provided with a sealed sleeve or otherwise protected from exposure to fire.
5704.2.10.4 Combustible materials in diked areas.
Diked areas shall be kept free from combustible materials, drums and barrels.
5704.2.10.5 Equipment, controls and piping in diked areas.
Pumps, manifolds and fire protection equipment or controls shall not be located within diked areas or drainage basins or in a location where such equipment and controls would be endangered by fire in the diked area or drainage basin. Aboveground piping shall be minimized and located as close as practical to the shell of the tank in diked areas or drainage basins.
Exceptions:
1. Pumps, manifolds and piping integral to the tanks or equipment being served which is protected by intermediate diking, berms, drainage or fire protection, such as water spray, monitors or resistive coating.
2. Fire protection equipment or controls which are appurtenances to the tanks or equipment being protected, such as foam chambers or foam piping and water or foam monitors and hydrants, or hand and wheeled extinguishers.
5704.2.10.6 Dike construction.
All dike walls shall be of steel or reinforced concrete, designed to be liquid-tight and to withstand a full hydraulic head, and constructed to provide access to and from the diked area. Where stairways or other means are required to provide such access, they shall be constructed of steel. No dike wall shall be higher than 60 percent of the tank height.
5704.2.11 Underground tanks.
Underground storage of flammable and combustible liquids in tanks shall comply with the requirements of FC 5704.2, and 5704.2.11.1 through 5704.2.11.5.2.
5704.2.11.1 Contents.
Underground tanks shall not store petroleum products containing mixtures of a nonpetroleum nature, such as ethanol or methanol blends, without evidence of compatibility.
5704.2.11.2 Location.
Flammable and combustible liquid storage tanks located underground, either outdoors or under buildings, shall be in compliance with the following requirements:
1. Tanks shall be installed so that the external forces exerted from building foundations and support loads are not transmitted to the tanks. The distance from any part of a tank to the nearest wall of any basement, pit, cellar or any property line shall not be less than 3 feet (914 mm). Tanks shall not be placed less than 20 feet (6096 mm) from a subway wall.
2. Tanks shall be installed so that the highest point of the tank is not less than 2 feet (610 mm) below the level of the lowest cellar floor of any building within a radius of 10 feet (3048 mm) from the tank. No tank shall be located under a sidewalk or beyond the property line.
3. A minimum distance of 18 inches (458 mm), shell to shell, shall be maintained between underground tanks.
4. Manufacturer's installation instructions.
5704.2.11.3 Depth and cover.
Excavation for underground storage tanks shall be made with due care to avoid undermining of foundations of existing structures. Underground tanks shall be set on firm foundations and surrounded with at least 6 inches (152 mm) of noncorrosive inert material, in accordance with the manufacturer's installation instructions.
5704.2.11.4 Overfill protection and prevention systems.
Fill pipes shall be equipped with a spill container of not less than 15-gallon (56.8 L) capacity and an approved overfill prevention system to automatically prevent overflow in accordance with NFPA 30 and FC 5704.2.9.4.
5704.2.11.5 Leak prevention.
Leak prevention for underground tanks shall comply with the requirements of FC 5704.2.11.5.1 and 5704.2.11.5.2.
5704.2.11.5.1 Inventory control.
Daily inventory records shall be maintained for underground storage tank systems.
5704.2.11.5.2 Leak detection.
Underground storage tank systems shall be provided with an approved method of leak detection from any component of the system that is designed and installed in accordance with NFPA 30. Leak detection systems shall be tested at the time of installation at the owner's risk by his or her representative before a representative of the department.
5704.2.11.6 Periodic tank and piping test.
Any underground single-walled flammable or combustible liquid storage tank existing prior to the effective date of this code that is not provided with a leak detection system meeting the requirements of FC 5704.2.11.5.2 shall be precision tested at least once every 5 years.
Exception: Bulk plant and terminal tanks.
5704.2.11.7 Emergency tank and piping system test.
The commissioner may require a tank and piping system to be precision tested, pressure tested or tested by other approved method in accordance with this section to determine the condition of the tank or piping or when the commissioner has good cause to believe that a leak exists. Storage systems that may contain flammable or combustible liquid vapor shall not be tested pneumatically. Such tests shall be conducted at the owner's risk by his or her representative.
5704.2.12 Testing.
Tank testing required by FC 5704.2.12.1 through 5704.2.12.3 shall be at the owner's risk by his or her representative before a representative of the department.
5704.2.12.1 Acceptance testing.
Prior to being placed into service, tanks shall be tested in accordance with NFPA 30.
5704.2.12.2 Testing of underground tanks.
Underground tanks shall be tested hydrostatically at 15 pounds per square inch (psig) (103.4 kPa), or 150 percent of the maximum anticipated static head pressure, whichever is greater, for the inner tank, and pneumatically or hydrostatically at 5 pounds per square inch (psig) (34.5 kPa) for the annular space (secondary containment tank). When a pneumatic test is allowed, an inert gas shall be used; however, air may be used if the tank does not contain any flammable or combustible liquid vapor. Test pressure shall be maintained for sufficient time to complete visual inspection, but not less than 1 hour. A tank shall be deemed to have passed the test if it shows no evidence of leakage or permanent deformation.
5704.2.12.3 Testing of aboveground tanks.
Aboveground tanks shall be tested hydrostatically at 15 pounds per square inch (psig) (103.4 kPa) for the inner tank, and pneumatically or hydrostatically at 5 pounds per square inch (psig) (34.5 kPa) for the annular space (secondary containment tank). When a pneumatic test is allowed, an inert gas shall be used; however, air may be used if the tank does not contain any flammable or combustible liquid vapor. Test pressure shall be maintained for sufficient time to complete visual inspection, but not less than 1 hour. A tank shall be deemed to have passed the test if it shows no evidence of leakage or permanent deformation.
5704.2.13 Out-of-service tanks.
Tanks taken out of service shall comply with the requirements of FC 5704.2.13.1 through 5704.2.13.2.3 and API 1604. Tanks taken out of service shall be removed, sealed in place or safeguarded by a certificate of license holder or a plumber in accordance with the rules.
Exceptions:
1. Tanks within operating facilities at bulk plants and terminals.
2. Tanks connected to fuel oil burning equipment that is used seasonally or as one of the fuels in dual-fueled equipment.
3. Tanks that are used for seasonal storage or standby storage.
5704.2.13.1 Underground tanks.
Underground tanks taken out of service shall comply with the requirements of FC 5704.2.13.1.1 through 5704.2.13.1.3.
5704.2.13.1.1 Fuel conversions.
A fuel oil storage tank removed from service by reason of conversion of the heating system to an alternative fuel or power source, or other replacement of the tank, shall be sealed or removed from the premises in compliance with FC 5704.2.13.1.3 at the time of conversion or replacement.
5704.2.13.1.2 Out of service for 30 days.
Except as otherwise provided in FC 5704.2.13.1.1, underground tanks not used for a period of 30 calendar days or more shall be removed from the premises, or sealed in place in compliance with the requirements of FC 5704.2.13.1.3, or safeguarded in compliance with the following requirements:
1. Flammable or combustible liquids shall be removed from the tank and connecting piping.
2. The tank and connecting piping shall be rendered free of flammable and combustible vapors using an inert gas.
3. Except for any active fire extinguishing system piping, the tank and connecting piping, including fill line, gauge opening, vapor return and pump connection, shall be capped or plugged and secured from tampering and the fill connection covered with concrete.
4. Vent lines shall remain open and be maintained in accordance with FC 5704.2.7.3 and 5704.2.7.4.
5704.2.13.1.3 Out of service for 1 year.
Except as otherwise provided in FC 5704.2.13.1.1, underground tanks that have been out of service for a period of 1 year or more shall be removed from the premises or sealed in place in compliance with the following requirements:
1. Flammable and combustible liquids shall be removed from the tank and connected piping.
2. The tank and connecting piping shall be rendered free of flammable and combustible vapors, using an inert gas.
3. The tank shall be disconnected from system piping and removed from the premises, or filled completely with an approved, inert solid material, and sealed in place.
4. All system piping, including fire extinguishing system lines, fill line, gauge opening and vapor return and pump connection, shall be disconnected from the tank and removed from the premises, or sealed in place and secured from tampering. Unless other methods are approved, the fill connection shall be cut from the fill piping and removed; the fill piping shall be capped or plugged; and the fill box filled with concrete.
5. Tank openings shall be capped and plugged, leaving a 0.125-inch to 0.25-inch-diameter (3.2-mm to 6.4-mm-diameter) opening for pressure equalization, when tanks are removed from the premises.
5704.2.13.2 Aboveground tanks.
Aboveground tanks taken out of service shall comply with the requirements of FC 5704.2.13.2.1 through 5704.2.13.2.3.
5704.2.13.2.1 Fuel conversions.
A fuel oil storage tank removed from service by reason of conversion of the heating system to an alternative fuel or power source, or other replacement of the tank, shall be sealed or removed from the premises in compliance with FC 5704.2.13.2.3 at the time of conversion or replacement.
5704.2.13.2.2 Out of service for 30 days.
Except as otherwise provided in FC 5704.2.13.2.1, aboveground tanks not used for a period of 30 calendar days or more shall be removed from the premises or sealed in place in compliance with the requirements of FC 5704.2.13.2.3, or safeguarded in compliance with the following requirements:
1. Tank and connecting piping shall be safeguarded in accordance with FC 5704.2.13.1.2.
2. The tank shall be protected from flotation in accordance with good engineering practice.
5704.2.13.2.3 Out of service for 1 year.
Except as otherwise provided in FC 5704.2.13.2.1, aboveground tanks that have been out of service for a period of 1 year or more shall be removed from the premises or sealed in place in compliance with the following requirements:
1. Flammable and combustible liquids shall be removed from the tank and connected piping.
2. The tank and connecting piping shall be rendered free of flammable and combustible vapors using an inert gas.
3. The tank shall be disconnected from system piping and removed from the premises, or filled completely with an approved, inert solid material, and sealed in place.
4. All system piping, including fire extinguishing system lines, fill line, gauge opening, and vapor return and pump connection, shall be disconnected from the tank and removed from the premises, or sealed in place and secured from tampering. Unless other methods are approved, the fill connection shall be cut from the fill piping and removed; the fill piping shall be capped or plugged; and the spill containment box shall be removed.
5. Tank openings shall be capped and plugged, leaving a 0.125-inch to 0.25-inch-diameter (3.2-mm to 6.4-mm-diameter) opening for pressure equalization, when tanks are removed from the premises.
6. The tank shall be protected from flotation in accordance with good engineering practice.
7. The tank shall be stenciled with the date that it was sealed in place.
5704.3 Container storage.
Storage of flammable and combustible liquids in barrels, and in closed containers that do not exceed 60 gallons (227 L) in individual capacity, and transfers incidental thereto, shall comply with the requirements of this section. It shall be unlawful to store flammable and combustible liquids in containers with an individual capacity of greater than 60 gallons (227 L).
5704.3.1 Design, construction and capacity of containers.
The design, construction and capacity of containers for the storage of flammable and combustible liquids shall be in accordance with this section and NFPA 30. It shall be unlawful to store flammable and combustible liquids in portable tanks, intermediate bulk containers and fiber drums.
5704.3.1.1 Approved containers.
Only approved containers shall be used.
5704.3.1.2 Barrel storage of distilled spirits.
Barrels containing distilled spirits shall be stored in a liquid warehouse in accordance with FC 5704.3.8 and the rules.
5704.3.2 Liquid storage cabinets.
Where other sections of this code require that liquid containers be stored in storage cabinets, such cabinets and storage shall be in accordance with FC 5704.3.2.1 through 5704.3.2.3.
5704.3.2.1 Design of storage cabinets.
Design of liquid storage cabinets shall be in accordance with this section.
5704.3.2.1.1 Materials.
Cabinets shall be listed in accordance with UL1275.
5704.3.2.1.2 Labeling.
Cabinets shall be provided with a conspicuous label in red letters on contrasting background which reads: FLAMMABLE – KEEP FIRE AWAY.
5704.3.2.1.3 Doors.
Doors shall be well fitted, self-closing and equipped with a three-point latch.
5704.3.2.1.4 Bottom.
The bottom of the cabinet shall be liquid-tight to a height of at least 2 inches (51 mm).
5704.3.2.2 Capacity.
The combined total quantity of liquids in a cabinet shall not exceed 120 gallons (454 L).
5704.3.2.3 Number of storage cabinets.
Not more than three storage cabinets shall be located in a single fire area, except that in a Group F occupancy, additional cabinets are allowed to be located in the same fire area if the additional cabinets (or groups of up to three cabinets) are separated from other cabinets or groups of cabinets by at least 100 feet (30 480 mm).
5704.3.3 Indoor storage.
Storage of flammable and combustible liquids indoors in containers shall be in accordance with this section.
Exceptions:
1. Liquids in the fuel tanks of motor vehicles, aircraft, marine vessel, watercraft or portable or stationary engines.
2. The storage of wines in wooden barrels or casks.
5704.3.3.1 Portable fire extinguishers.
Approved portable fire extinguishers shall be provided in accordance with specific sections of this chapter and FC 906.
5704.3.3.2 Incompatible materials.
Materials that will react with water or other liquids to produce a hazard shall not be stored in the same room with flammable and combustible liquids in accordance with FC 5003.9.8.
5704.3.3.3 Clear means of egress.
Storage of any liquids, including stock for sale, shall not be stored near or be allowed to obstruct physically the route of egress.
5704.3.3.4 Empty containers storage.
The storage of empty containers previously used for the storage of flammable or combustible liquids shall be stored as required for filled containers. Containers, when emptied, shall have the covers or plugs immediately replaced in openings, be removed to an outdoor location and, if not cleaned on the premises, the empty containers shall be removed from the premises as soon as practical, but at least daily.
5704.3.3.5 Shelf storage.
Shelving shall be of approved noncombustible construction, adequately braced and anchored. Seismic requirements shall be in accordance with the construction codes, including the Building Code.
5704.3.3.5.1 Reserved.
5704.3.3.5.2 Displacement protection.
Shelves shall be of sufficient depth and provided with a lip or guard to prevent individual containers from being displaced.
Exception: Shelves in storage cabinets or on laboratory furniture specifically designed for such use.
5704.3.3.5.3 Orderly storage.
Shelf storage of flammable and combustible liquids shall be maintained in an orderly manner.
5704.3.3.6 Rack storage.
Where storage on racks is allowed elsewhere in this code, a minimum 4-foot-wide (1219 mm) aisle shall be provided between adjacent rack sections and any adjacent storage of liquids. Main aisles shall have a minimum of 8 feet (2438 mm).
5704.3.3.7 Pile or palletized storage.
Solid pile and palletized storage in liquid warehouses shall be arranged so that piles are separated from each other by at least 4 feet (1219 mm). Aisles shall be provided so that no container is more than 20 feet (6096 mm) from an aisle. Main aisles shall have a minimum width of 8 feet (2438 mm).
5704.3.3.8 Combustible materials storage.
Approved quantities of combustible materials may be stored in liquid storage areas, provided that a distance of not less than 8 feet (2438 mm) horizontally is maintained between the liquid storage area and combustible materials and fire protection systems are provided in accordance with this code and Chapter 9 of the Building Code.
5704.3.3.9 Idle combustible pallets.
Storage of empty or idle combustible pallets inside an unprotected liquid storage area shall be limited to a maximum pile size of 2,500 square feet (232 m2) and to a maximum storage height of 6 feet (1829 mm). Storage of empty or idle combustible pallets inside a protected liquid storage area shall comply with the requirements of NFPA 13, as modified by FC Appendix B. Pallet storage shall be separated from liquid storage by aisles with a minimum width of 8 feet (2438 mm).
5704.3.3.10 Containers in piles.
Containers in piles shall be stacked in such a manner as to provide stability and to prevent excessive stress on container walls. Adequate material-handling equipment shall be available to handle containers safely at the upper tier level.
5704.3.4 Quantity limits for storage.
Liquid storage quantity limitations shall comply with the requirements of FC 5704.3.4.1 through 5704.3.4.4.
5704.3.4.1 Maximum allowable quantity per control area.
For occupancies other than Group M wholesale and retail sales uses, indoor storage of flammable and combustible liquids shall not exceed the maximum allowable quantities per control area indicated in FC Table 5003.1.1(1) and shall not exceed the additional limitations set forth in this section. For Group M occupancy wholesale and retail sales uses, indoor storage of flammable and combustible liquids shall not exceed the maximum allowable quantities per control area indicated in FC Table 5704.3.4.1, except that no gasoline or flammable liquid motor fuel may be stored in portable containers for wholesale or retail sale. Storage of hazardous production material flammable and combustible liquids in Group H-5 occupancies shall be in accordance with FC Chapter 27.
FC Table 5704.3.4.1
Maximum Allowable Quantity of Flammable and Combustible Liquids in Wholesale and Retail Sales Uses per Control Area a
Type of Liquid Maximum Allowable Quantity Per Control Area (gallons)
Sprinklered b per footnote densities and arrangements Sprinklered per FC Tables 5704.3.6.3(4) through 5704.3.6.3(8) and FC Table 5704.3.7.5.1 and the construction codes, including the Building Code Nonsprinklered
Class IA 60 60 30
Class IB, IC, II and IIIA 7,500 c 15,000 c 1,600
Class IIIB Unlimited Unlimited 13,200
For SI: 1 foot = 304.8 mm, 1 square foot = 0.0929 m2, 1 gallon = 3.785 L, 1 gallon per minute per square foot = 40.75 L/min/m2.
a. Control areas shall be separated from each other by not less than a 1-hour fire barrier wall.
b. To be considered as sprinklered, a building shall be protected throughout by a sprinkler system with a design providing minimum densities as follows:
1. For uncartoned commodities on shelves 6 feet or less in height where the ceiling height does not exceed 18 feet, quantities are those allowed with a minimum sprinkler design density of Ordinary Hazard Group 2.
2. For cartoned, palletized or racked commodities where storage is 4 feet 6 inches or less in height and where the ceiling height does not exceed 18 feet, quantities are those allowed with a minimum sprinkler design density of 0.21 gallon per minute per square foot over the most remote 1,500-squarefoot area.
c. Where wholesale and retail sales or storage areas exceed 50,000 square feet in area, the maximum allowable quantities are allowed to be increased by 2 percent for each 1,000 square feet of area in excess of 50,000 square feet, up to a maximum of 100 percent of the table amounts. A control area separation is not required. The cumulative amounts, including amounts attained by having an additional control area, shall not exceed 30,000 gallons.
5704.3.4.2 Limitations on storage.
The quantity of flammable or combustible liquid stored shall be limited by occupancy as follows:
1. Group A, B, E, F, I and S occupancies. Flammable and combustible liquids shall be stored only for lawful uses incidental to the occupancy, including maintenance and operation of equipment, and in quantities not to exceed that which is necessary for such use.
2. Group M occupancies. Flammable and combustible liquids shall be stored only for lawful uses incidental to the occupancy, including maintenance and operation of equipment, and in quantities not to exceed that which is necessary for such use. The maximum allowable quantities for storage in wholesale and retail sales areas shall be in accordance with FC 5704.3.4.1.
3. Group R occupancies. Flammable and combustible liquids shall be stored only for maintenance and operation of equipment, and in quantities not to exceed that which is necessary for such use. Quantities within a dwelling unit shall be stored only for household use and in quantities below permit amounts. It shall be unlawful to store gasoline or other flammable liquid motor fuel within a dwelling unit.
4. Gasoline and other flammable liquid motor fuel. Storage of gasoline and other flammable liquid motor fuel in portable containers in quantities requiring a permit is subject to the approval of the commissioner, regardless of the occupancy classification of the premises.
5704.3.4.3 Quantities exceeding limits for control areas.
Quantities exceeding those allowed in control areas set forth in FC 5704.3.4.1 shall be stored in liquid storage rooms or liquid storage warehouses in accordance with FC 5704.3.7 and 5704.3.8.
5704.3.4.4 Liquids for maintenance and operation of equipment.
In all occupancies, quantities of flammable and combustible liquids requiring a permit pursuant to FC 105.6, used for maintenance purposes and the operation of equipment, shall be stored in liquid storage cabinets in accordance with FC 5704.3.2. Quantities not requiring a permit pursuant to FC 105.6 shall be stored in approved containers and locations.
5704.3.5 Storage in control areas.
Storage of flammable and combustible liquids in control areas shall be in accordance with FC 5704.3.5.1 through 5704.3.5.4.
5704.3.5.1 Storage of flammable and combustible liquids below grade.
Flammable liquids shall not be allowed in basements, cellars or other areas below grade. Combustible liquids shall be allowed to be stored in basements, cellars or other areas below grade provided that such basement, cellar or other area below grade is protected throughout by a sprinkler system, and other fire protection is provided in accordance with FC Chapter 9 and the construction codes, including the Building Code.
Exception: Class IIIB combustible liquids may be stored in basements, cellars and other areas below grade that are not protected throughout by a sprinkler system when stored in a room or other area that is segregated, vertically and horizontally, from surrounding spaces by a fire separation of not less than 2-hour fire-resistance rating and such room or other area is protected throughout by a sprinkler system.
5704.3.5.2 Storage pile heights.
Containers having less than a 30-gallon (114 L) capacity which contain Class I or II liquids shall not be stacked more than 3 feet (914 mm) or two containers high, whichever is greater, unless stacked on fixed shelving or otherwise satisfactorily secured. Containers of Class I or II liquids having a capacity of 30 gallons (114 L) or more shall not be stored more than one container high. Containers shall be stored in an upright position.
5704.3.5.3 Storage distance from ceilings and roofs.
Piles of containers shall not be stored closer than 3 feet (914 mm) to the nearest beam, chord, girder or other obstruction, and shall be 3 feet (914 mm) below sprinkler deflectors or discharge orifices of water spray or other overhead fire extinguishing system.
5704.3.5.4 Combustible materials.
In areas that are inaccessible to the public, Class I, II and IIIA liquids shall not be stored in the same pile or rack section as ordinary combustible commodities unless such materials are packaged together as kits.
5704.3.6 Wholesale and retail sales.
Flammable and combustible liquids in Group M occupancy wholesale and retail sales shall be in accordance with FC 5704.3.6.1 through 5704.3.6.5, or NFPA 30.
5704.3.6.1 Container type.
Containers for Class I liquids shall be metal.
Exception: In sprinklered buildings, an aggregate quantity of 120 gallons (454 L) of water-miscible Class IB and Class IC liquids is allowed in nonmetallic containers, each having a capacity of 16 ounces (0.473 L) or less.
5704.3.6.2 Container capacity.
Containers for Class I liquids shall not exceed a capacity of 5 gallons (19 L).
Exception: Metal containers not exceeding 55 gallons (208 L) are allowed to store up to 240 gallons (908 L) of the maximum allowable quantity per control area of Class IB and IC liquids in a control area. The building shall be protected throughout by a sprinkler system in accordance with FC Table 5704.3.4.1. The containers shall be provided with plastic caps without cap seals and shall be stored upright. Containers shall not be stacked or stored in racks and shall not be located in areas accessible to the public.
5704.3.6.3 Fire protection and storage arrangements.
Fire protection and container storage arrangements shall be in accordance with FC Table 5704.3.6.3(1) or the following:
1. Storage on shelves shall not exceed 6 feet (1829 mm) in height, and shelving shall be metal.
2. Storage on pallets or in piles greater than 4 feet 6 inches (1372 mm) in height, or where the ceiling exceeds 18 feet (5486 mm) in height, shall be protected by a sprinkler system in accordance with FC Table 5704.3.6.3(4), and the storage heights and arrangements shall be limited to those specified in FC Table 5704.3.6.3(2).
3. Storage on racks greater than 4 feet 6 inches (1372 mm) in height, or where the ceiling exceeds 18 feet (5486 mm) in height shall be protected in accordance with FC Tables 5704.3.6.3(5), 5704.3.6.3(6), 5704.3.6.3(7) and 5704.3.6.3(8) and the construction codes, including the Building Code as appropriate, and the storage heights and arrangements shall be limited to those specified in FC Table 5704.3.6.3(3).
FC Table 5704.3.6.3(1)
Maximum Storage Height in Control Areas
Type of Liquid Nonsprinklered Area (feet) Sprinklered Area (feet) Sprinklered Buildings a, b with In-Rack Protection (feet)
Flammable liquids: Class IA Class IB Class IC 4 4 4 4 8 8 4 12 12
Combustible liquids: Class II Class IIIA Class IIIB 6 8 8 8 12 12 12 16 20
For SI: 1 foot = 304.8 mm.
a In buildings protected throughout by a sprinkler system, the storage height for metallic containers shall not exceed the maximum height allowed by NFPA 30 based on the type of fire protection systems provided, or the maximum height as determined by the department based on a full-scale fire test, whichever is greater. These storage heights do not apply to storage of nonmetallic containers.
b. In-rack protection shall be in accordance with FC Table 5704.3.6.3(5), 5704.3.6.3(6), 5704.3.6.3(7) or 5704.3.6.3(8) and the construction codes, including the Building Code.
FC Table 5704.3.6.3(2)
Storage Arrangements for Palletized or Solid-pile Storage in Liquid Storage Rooms and Warehouses
Class Storage Level Maximum Storage Height Maximum Quantity Per Pile (gallons) Maximum Quantity Per Room a (gallons)
Drums Containers b (feet) Containers Containers
IA Ground floor Upper floors Basements e 1 1 Not Allowed 5 5 Not Allowed 3,000 2,000 Not Allowed 12,000 8,000 Not Allowed
IB Ground floor Upper floors Basements e 1 1 Not Allowed 6.5 6.5 Not Allowed 5,000 3,000 Not Allowed 15,000 12,000 Not Allowed
IC Ground floor d Upper floors Basements e 1 1 Not Allowed 6.5 c 6.5 c Not Allowed 5,000 3,000 Not Allowed 15,000 12,000 Not Allowed
II Ground floor d Upper floors Basements e 3 3 1 10 10 5 10,000 10,000 7,500 25,000 25,000 7,500
III Ground floor Upper floors Basements e 5 5 3 20 20 10 15,000 15,000 10,000 50,000 50,000 25,000
For SI: 1 foot = 304.8 mm, 1 gallon = 3.785 L.
a. See FC 5704.3.8.1 for unlimited quantities in liquid storage warehouses.
b. In buildings protected throughout by a sprinkler system, the storage height for metallic containers shall not exceed the maximum height allowed by NFPA 30 based on the type of fire protection systems provided, or the maximum height as determined by the department based on a full-scale fire test, whichever is greater. These storage heights do not apply to storage of nonmetallic containers.
c. These height limitations are allowed to be increased to 10 feet for containers having a capacity of 5 gallons or less.
d. For palletized storage of unsaturated polyester resins (UPR) in relieving-style metal containers with 50 percent or less by weight Class IC or II liquid and no Class IA or IB liquid, height and pile quantity limits shall be allowed to be 10 feet and 15,000 gallons, respectively, provided that such storage is protected by sprinklers in accordance with NFPA 30 and that the UPR storage area is not located in the same containment area or drainage path for other Class I or II liquids.
e. Basements include cellars and other areas below grade.
FC Table 5704.3.6.3(3)
Storage Arrangements for Rack Storage in Liquid Storage Rooms and Warehouses
Class Type Rack Storage Level Maximum Storage Height (feet) b Maximum Quantity Per Room a (gallons)
Containers Containers
IA Double row or Single row Ground floor Upper floors Basements 25 15 Not Allowed 7,500 4,500 Not Allowed
IB IC Double row or Single row Ground floor Upper floors Basements 25 15 Not Allowed 15,000 9,000 Not Allowed
II Double row or Single row Ground floor Upper floors Basements 25 25 15 24,000 24,000 9,000
III Multirow Double room Single row Ground floor Upper floors Basements 40 20 20 48,000 48,000 24,000
For SI: 1 foot = 304.8 mm, 1 gallon = 3.785 L.
a. See FC 5704.3.8.1 for unlimited quantities in liquid storage warehouses.
b. In buildings protected throughout by a sprinkler system, the storage height for metallic containers shall not exceed the maximum height allowed by NFPA 30 based on the type of fire protection systems provided, or the maximum height as determined by the department based on a full-scale fire test, whichever is greater. These storage heights do not apply to storage of nonmetallic containers.
FC Table 5704.3.6.3(4)
Sprinkler System Protection for Solid-pile and Palletized Storage of Liquids in Metal Containers and Portable Tanks a
Storage Conditions Ceiling Sprinkler Design and Demand Minimum Hose Stream Demand (gpm) Minimum Duration Sprinklers and Hose Streams (hours)
Class Liquid Container size and arrangement Density (gpm/ft2) Area (square feet) Maximum spacing (square feet)
High temperature sprinklers Ordinary temperature sprinklers
IA 5 gallons or less, with or without cartons, palletized or solid pile b 0.30 3,000 5,000 100 750 2
Containers greater than 5 gallons, on end or side, palletized or solid pile 0.60 5,000 8,000 80 750
IB, IC and II 5 gallons or less, with or without cartons, palletized or solid pile b 0.30 3,000 5,000 100 500 2
Containers greater than 5 gallons on pallets or solid pile, one high 0.25 5,000 8,000 100
II Containers greater than 5 gallons on pallets or solid pile, more than one high, on end or side 0.60 5,000 8,000 80 750 2
III 5 gallons or less, with or without cartons, palletized or solid pile 0.25 3,000 5,000 120 500 1
Containers greater than 5 gallons on pallets or solid pile, on end or sides, up to three high 0.25 3,000 5,000 120 500 1
Containers greater than 5 gallons, on pallets or solid pile, on end or sides, up to 18 feet high 0.35 3,000 5,000 100 750 2
For SI: 1 foot = 304.8 mm, 1 gallon = 3.785 L, 1 square foot = 0.0929 m2, 1 gallon per minute = 3.785 L/m, 1 gallon per minute per square foot = 40.75 L/min/m2.
a. The design area contemplates the use of Class II standpipe systems. Where Class I standpipe systems are used, the area of application shall be increased by 30 percent without revising density.
b. For storage heights above 4 feet or ceiling heights greater than 18 feet, an approved engineering design shall be provided in accordance with FC 104.7.2.
FC Table 5704.3.6.3(5)
Sprinkler System Protection Requirements for Rack Storage of Liquids in Metal Containers of 5-Gallon Capacity or less with or Without Cartons on Conventional Wood Pallets a
Class Liquid Ceiling Sprinkler Design and Demand In-Rack Sprinkler Arrangement and Demand Minimum Hose Stream Demand (gpm) Minimum Duration Sprinkler and Hose Stream (hours)
Density (gpm/ft2) Area (square feet) Maximum Spacing Racks up to 9 feet deep Racks more than 9 feet to 12 feet deep 30 psi (standard orifice) Number of sprinklers operating
High Temperature Sprinklers Ordinary Temperature Sprinklers 14 psi (large orifice)
I (maximum 25-foot height) Option 1 0.40 3,000 5,000 80 ft2 / head 1. Ordinary temperature, quick-response sprinklers, maximum 8 feet 3 inches horizontal spacing 2. One line sprinklers above each level of storage 3. Locate in longitudinal flue space, staggered vertical 4. Shields required where multilevel 1. Ordinary temperature, quick-response sprinklers, maximum 8 feet 3 inches horizontal spacing 2. One line sprinklers above each level of storage 3. Locate in transverse flue spaces, staggered vertical and within 20 inches of aisle 4. Shields required where multilevel 30 psi (0.5-inch orifice) 1. Eight sprinklers if only one level 2. Six sprinklers each on two levels if only two levels 3. Six sprinklers each on top three levels, if three or more levels 4. Hydraulically most remote 750 2
I (maximum 25-foot height) Option 2 0.55 2,000b Not Applicable 100 ft2 / head 1. Ordinary temperature, quick-response sprinklers, maximum 8 feet 3 inches horizontal spacing 2. See 2 above 3. See 3 above 4. See 4 above 1. Ordinary temperature, quick-response sprinklers, maximum 8 feet 3 inches horizontal spacing 2. See 2 above 3. See 3 above 4. See 4 above 14 psi (0.53-inch orifice) See 1 through 4 above 500 2
I and II (maximum 14-foot storage height) (maximum three tiers) 0.55c 2,000 b, d Not Applicable 100 ft2 / head Not Applicable None for maximum 6-foot-deep racks Not Applicable Not Applicable Not Applicable 500 2
II (maximum 25-foot height) 0.30 3,000 5,000 100 ft2 / head 1. Ordinary temperature sprinklers 8 feet apart horizontally 2. One line sprinklers between levels at nearest 10-foot vertical intervals 3. Locate in longitudinal flue space, staggered vertical 4. Shields required where multilevel 1. Ordinary temperature sprinklers 8 feet apart horizontally 2. Two lines between levels at nearest 10-foot vertical intervals 3. Locate in transverse flue spaces, staggered vertical and within 20 inches of aisle 4. Shields required where multilevel 30 psi Hydraulically most remote – six sprinklers at each level, up to a maximum of three levels 750 2
III (40-foot height) 0.25 3,000 5,000 120 ft2 / head Same as for Class II liquids Same as for Class II liquids 30 psi Same as for Class II liquids 500 2
For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 mm, 1 foot = 304.8 mm, 1 square foot = 0.0929 m2, 1 pound per square inch = 6.895 kPa, 1 gallon = 3.785 L, 1 gallon per minute = 3.785 L/m, 1 gallon per minute per square foot = 40.75 L/min/m2.
a. The design area contemplates the use of Class II standpipe systems. Where Class I standpipe systems are used, the area of application shall be increased by 30 percent without revising density.
b. When the installation uses listed or approved extra-large orifices, high-temperature quick-response or standard element sprinklers, such spaces may be provided with a maximum 30-foot ceiling height provided minimum 7.5-foot aisles are maintained.
c. For friction lid cans and other metal containers equipped with plastic nozzles or caps, the density shall be increased to 0.65 gpm per square foot using listed or approved extra-large orifice, high-temperature quick-response sprinklers.
d. When the installation uses listed or approved extra-large orifice, high-temperature quick-response or standard element sprinklers, such spaces may be provided with a maximum 18-foot ceiling height provided minimum 7.5-foot aisles are maintained and only metal containers are stored.
FC Table 5704.3.6.3(6)
Sprinkler System Protection Requirements for Rack Storage of Liquids in Metal Containers Greater than 5-Gallon Capacity a
Class Liquid Ceiling Sprinkler Design and Demand In-Rack Sprinkler Arrangement and Demand Minimum Hose Stream Demand (gpm) Minimum Duration Sprinkler and Hose Stream (hours)
Density (gpm/ ft2) Area (square feet) Maximum spacing On-side storage racks up to 9-foot-deep racks On-end storage (on pallets) up to 9-foot-deep racks Minimum nozzle Pressure Number of sprinklers operating
High Temperature Sprinklers Ordinary Temperature Sprinklers
IA (maximum 25-foot height) 0.60 3,000 5,000 80 ft2 / head 1. Ordinary temperature sprinklers 8 feet apart horizontally 2. One line sprinklers above each tier of storage 3. Locate in longitudinal flue space, staggered vertical 4. Shields required where multilevel 1. Ordinary temperature sprinklers 8 feet apart horizontally 2. One line sprinklers above each tier of storage 3. Locate in longitudinal flue space, staggered vertical 4. Shields required where multilevel 30 psi Hydraulically most remote – six sprinklers at each level 1,000 2
IB, IC and II (maximum 25-foot height) 0.60 3,000 5,000 100 ft2 / head 1. See 1 above 2. One line sprinklers every three tiers of storage 3. See 3 above 4. See 4 above 1. See 1 above 2. See 2 above 3. See 3 above 4. See 4 above 30 psi Hydraulically most remote – six sprinklers at each level 750 2
III (maximum 40-foot height) 0.25 3,000 5,000 120 ft2 / head 1. See 1 above 2. One line sprinklers every sixth level (maximum) 3. See 3 above 4. See 4 above 1. See 1 above 2. One line sprinklers every third level (maximum) 3. See 3 above 4. See 4 above 15 psi Hydraulically most remote – six sprinklers at each level 500 1
For SI: 1 foot = 304.8 mm, 1 square foot = 0.0929 m2, 1 pound per square inch = 6.895 kPa, 1 gallon = 3.785 L, 1 gallon per minute = 3.785 L/m, 1 gallon per minute per square foot = 40.75 L/min/m2.
a. The design assumes the use of Class II standpipe systems. Where a Class I standpipe system is used, the area of application shall be increased by 30 percent without revising density.
FC Table 5704.3.6.3(7)
Automatic AFFF Water Protection Requirements for Rack Storage of Liquids in Metal Containers Greater than 5-gallon Capacity a, b
Class Liquid Ceiling Sprinkler Design and Demand In-Rack Sprinkler Arrangement and Demand c Duration AFFF Supply (minimum) Duration Water Supply (hours)
Density (gpm/ ft2) Area (square feet) On-end storage of drums on pallets, up to 25 feet Minimum nozzle pressure (psi) Number of Sprinklers Operating Hose stream demand d (gpm
High Temperature Sprinklers Ordinary Temperature Sprinklers
IA, IB, IC and II 0.30 1,500 2,500 1. Ordinary temperature sprinkler up to 10 feet apart horizontally 2. One line sprinklers above each level of storage 3. Locate in longitudinal flue space, staggered vertically 4. Shields required for multilevel 30 Three sprinklers per level 500 15 2
For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 mm, 1 foot = 304.8 mm, 1 square foot = 0.0929 m2, 1 pound per square inch = 6.895 kPa, 1 gallon = 3.785 L, 1 gallon per minute = 3.785 L/m, 1 gallon per minute per square foot = 40.75 L/min/m2.
a. System shall be a closed-head wet system with approved devices for proportioning aqueous film-forming foam.
b. Except as modified by this table, in-rack sprinklers shall be installed in accordance with NFPA 13, as modified by FC Appendix B.
c. Storage heights shall not exceed 25 feet.
d. Hose stream demand includes 1 1/2-inch inside hand hose, when required.
FC Table 5704.3.6.3(8)
Sprinkler System Protection Requirements for Class I Liquid Storage in Metal Containers of 1-Gallon Capacity or less with Uncartoned or Case-Cut Shelf Display up to 6.5 Feet, and Palletized Storage above in a Double-Row Rack Array a
Storage Height Ceiling Sprinkler Design and Demand In-Rack Sprinkler Arrangement and Demand Minimum Hose Stream Demand (gpm) Minimum Duration Sprinkler and Hose Stream (hours)
Density (gpm/ft2) Area (square feet) Maximum spacing Racks up to 9 feet deep Racks 9 to 12 feet Minimum nozzle pressure Number of sprinklers operating
High Temperature Ordinary Temperature
Maximum 20-foot storage height 0.60 2,000b Not Applicable 100 ft2 / head 1. Ordinary temperature, quick-response sprinklers, maximum 8 feet 3 inches horizontal spacing 2. One line of sprinklers at the 6-foot level and the 11.5-foot level of storage 3. Locate in longitudinal flue space, staggered vertical 4. Shields required where multilevel Not Applicable 30 psi (standard orifice) or 14 psi (large orifice) 1. Six sprinklers each on two levels 2. Hydraulically most remote 12 sprinklers 500 2
For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 mm, 1 foot = 304.8 mm, 1 square foot = 0.0929 m2, 1 pound per square inch = 6.895 kPa, 1 gallon = 3.785 L, 1 gallon per minute = 3.785 L/m, 1 gallon per minute per square foot = 40.75 L/min/m2.
a. This table shall not apply to racks with solid shelves.
b. When the installation uses extra-large orifice sprinklers, such spaces may be provided with a maximum 30-foot ceiling height provided minimum 7.5-foot aisles are maintained.
5704.3.6.3.1 Combustible commodities.
Combustible commodities shall not be stored above flammable and combustible liquids.
5704.3.6.4 Container warning labels.
All containers of flammable liquids offered for sale shall bear a warning label in accordance with federal laws, rules and regulations, painted or printed on the container, cautioning that the liquid is flammable and must be kept away from heat and open flames.
5704.3.6.5 Storage plan.
The commissioner may require that aisle and storage plans be submitted to the department in accordance with FC Chapter 50.
5704.3.7 Liquid storage rooms.
Liquid storage rooms shall comply with the requirements of FC 5704.3.7.1 through 5704.3.7.5.2.
5704.3.7.1 General.
Quantities of liquids exceeding those set forth in FC 5704.3.4.1 for storage in control areas shall be stored in a liquid storage room complying with the requirements of this section and constructed and separated as required by the construction codes, including the Building Code.
5704.3.7.2 Quantities and arrangement of storage.
The quantity limits and storage arrangements in liquid storage rooms shall be in accordance with FC Tables 5704.3.6.3(2) and 5704.3.6.3(3) and FC 5704.3.7.2.1 through 5704.3.7.2.3.
5704.3.7.2.1 Mixed storage.
Where two or more classes of liquids are stored in a pile or rack section:
1. The quantity in that pile or rack shall not exceed the smallest of the maximum quantities for the classes of liquids stored in accordance with FC Table 5704.3.6.3(2) or 5704.3.6.3(3); and
2. The height of storage in that pile or rack shall not exceed the smallest of the maximum heights for the classes of liquids stored in accordance with FC Table 5704.3.6.3(2) or 5704.3.6.3(3).
5704.3.7.2.2 Separation and aisles.
Piles shall be separated from each other by at least 4-foot (1219 mm) aisles. Aisles shall be provided so that all containers are 20 feet (6096 mm) or less from an aisle. Where the storage of liquids is on racks, a minimum 4-foot-wide (1219 mm) aisle shall be provided between adjacent rows of racks and adjacent storage of liquids. Main aisles shall be a minimum of 8 feet (2438 mm) wide. Additional aisles shall be provided for access to doors, required windows and ventilation openings, standpipe connections, mechanical equipment and switches. Such aisles shall be at least 3 feet (914 mm) in width, unless greater widths are required for separation of piles or racks, in which case the greater width shall be provided.
5704.3.7.2.3 Stabilizing and supports.
Containers and piles shall be separated by pallets or dunnage to provide stability and to prevent excessive stress to container walls. Adequate material-handling equipment shall be readily available and used to handle containers safely at upper tier levels.
5704.3.7.3 Spill control and secondary containment.
Liquid storage rooms shall be provided with spill control and secondary containment in accordance with FC 5004.2.
5704.3.7.4 Ventilation.
Liquid storage rooms shall be ventilated in accordance with FC 5004.3.
5704.3.7.5 Fire protection.
Fire protection for liquid storage rooms shall comply with the requirements of FC 5704.3.7.5.1 and 5704.3.7.5.2.
5704.3.7.5.1 Fire extinguishing systems.
Liquid storage rooms shall be protected throughout by sprinkler systems installed in accordance with FC Chapter 9, FC Tables 5704.3.6.3(4) through 5704.3.6.3(8) and FC Table 5704.3.7.5.1 and the construction codes, including the Building Code. In-rack sprinklers shall additionally comply with the requirements of NFPA 13, as modified by FC Appendix B, and the construction codes, including the Building Code. Foam fire extinguishing systems and aqueous film-forming foam (AFFF) fire extinguishing systems shall not be used except when approved by the commissioner and the Commissioner of Buildings. Protection criteria developed from fire modeling or full-scale fire testing conducted at an approved testing laboratory are allowed in lieu of the protection as required in FC Tables 5704.3.6.3(2) through 5704.3.6.3(8) and FC Table 5704.3.7.5.1 and the construction codes, including the Building Code when approved by the commissioner and the Commissioner of Buildings.
FC Table 5704.3.7.5.1
Automatic AFFF-Water Protection Requirements for Solid-Pile and Palletized Storage of Liquids in Metal Containers of 5-Gallon Capacity or Less a, b
Package Type Class Liquid Ceiling Sprinkler Design and Demand Storage Height (feet) Hose Demand (gpm) c Duration AFFF Supply (minimum) Duration Water Supply (hours)
Density (gpm/ft2) Area (square feet) Temperature rating Maximum spacing Orifice size (inch)
Cartoned IB, IC, II and III 0.40 2,000 286°F 100 ft2 / head 0.531 11 500 15 2
Uncartoned IB, IC, II and III 0.30 2,000 286°F 100 ft2 / head 0.5 or 0.531 12 500 15 2
For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 mm, 1 foot = 304.8 mm, 1 square foot = 0.0929 m2, 1 gallon per minute = 3.785 L/m, 1 gallon per minute per square foot = 40.75 L/min/m2, °C. = (°F-32)/1.8.
a. System shall be a closed-head wet system with approved devices for proportioning aqueous film-forming foam.
b. Ceiling heights shall not exceed 30 feet.
c. Hose stream demand includes 1 1/2-inch inside hand hose, when required.
5704.3.7.5.2 Portable fire extinguishers.
A minimum of one portable fire extinguisher complying with the requirements of FC 906 and having a rating of not less than 20-B shall be located not less than 10 feet (3048 mm) or more than 50 feet (15 240 mm) from any Class I or II liquid storage area located outside of a liquid storage room. A minimum of one portable fire extinguisher having a rating of not less than 20-B shall be located outside of, but not more than 10 feet (3048 mm) from, the door opening into a liquid storage room.
5704.3.8 Liquid warehouses.
Buildings used for storage of flammable or combustible liquids in quantities exceeding those set forth in FC 5704.3.4 for control areas and FC 5704.3.7 for liquid storage rooms shall comply with the requirements of FC 5704.3.8.1 through 5704.3.8.5 and shall be constructed and separated as required by the construction codes, including the Building Code.
5704.3.8.1 Quantities and storage arrangement.
Except as may be limited by the commissioner at a particular premises in the interest of public safety, any amount of flammable and combustible liquids may be stored in a liquid warehouse as defined in NFPA 30. The arrangement of such storage shall be in accordance with FC Table 5704.3.6.3(2) or 5704.3.6.3(3).
5704.3.8.1.1 Mixed storage.
Mixed storage shall be in accordance with FC 5704.3.7.2.1.
5704.3.8.1.2 Separation and aisles.
Separation and aisles shall be in accordance with FC 5704.3.7.2.2.
5704.3.8.2 Spill control and secondary containment.
Liquid warehouses shall be provided with spill control and secondary containment as set forth in FC 5004.2.
5704.3.8.3 Ventilation.
Liquid warehouses storing containers greater than 5 gallons (19 L) in capacity shall be ventilated in accordance with the Mechanical Code.
5704.3.8.4 Fire extinguishing systems.
Liquid warehouses shall be protected throughout by sprinkler systems installed in accordance with FC Chapter 9 and FC Tables 5704.3.6.3(4) through 5704.3.6.3(8) and FC Table 5704.3.7.5.1, or NFPA 30. In-rack sprinklers shall additionally comply with the requirements of NFPA 13, as modified by FC Appendix B, and the construction codes, including the Building Code. Foam fire extinguishing systems and automatic aqueous film-forming foam fire extinguishing systems shall not be used except when approved. Protection criteria developed from fire modeling or full-scale fire testing conducted at an approved testing laboratory are allowed in lieu of the protection as required in FC Tables 5704.3.6.3(2) through 5704.3.6.3(8) and FC Table 5704.3.7.5.1 and the construction codes, including the Building Code, when approved by the commissioner and the Commissioner of Buildings.
5704.3.8.5 Warehouse hose lines.
In liquid warehouses, either 1 1/2-inch ( 38-mm) lined or 1-inch (25-mm) hard rubber hand hose lines shall be provided in sufficient number to reach all liquid storage areas and shall be in accordance with FC 905 and the construction codes, including the Building Code.
5704.4 Outdoor storage of containers.
Outdoor storage areas for portable containers of flammable and combustible liquids shall be designed, installed, operated and maintained in compliance with the requirements of FC 5703, and 5704.4.1 through 5704.4.8.
5704.4.1 Design and construction.
Outdoor portable container storage areas shall be designed and constructed in accordance with approved design and installation documents.
5704.4.2 Location on property.
Outdoor portable container storage areas shall be designed, installed, operated and maintained in accordance with FC Table 5704.4.2 and in compliance with the requirements of FC 5704.4.2.1 through 5704.4.2.4.
FC Table 5704.4.2
Outdoor Liquid Storage in Containers
Class of Liquid Container Storage – Maximum Per Pile Minimum Distance Between Piles or Racks (feet) Minimum Distance to Lot Line d (feet) Minimum Distance to Public Street or Private Road d (feet)
Quantity a, b (gallons) Height (feet)
IA IB IC II III 1,100 2,200 4,400 8,800 22,000 10 12 12 12 18 5 5 5 5 5 50 50 50 25 10 10 10 10 5 5
For SI: 1 foot = 304.8 mm, 1 gallon = 3.785 L.
a. For mixed class storage, see FC 5704.4.2.
b. For storage in racks, the quantity limits per pile do not apply, but the rack arrangement shall be limited to a maximum of 50 feet in length and two rows or 9 feet in depth.
c. Reserved.
d. When the total quantity stored does not exceed 50 percent of the maximum allowed per pile, the distances are allowed to be reduced 50 percent, but not less than 3 feet.
5704.4.2.1 Mixed liquid piles.
Where two or more classes of liquids are stored in a single pile, the quantity in the pile shall not exceed the smallest of maximum quantities for the classes of material stored.
5704.4.2.2 Fire apparatus access.
Outdoor portable container storage areas shall be provided with fire apparatus access in accordance with FC 3605.3.1.
5704.4.2.3 Reserved.
5704.4.2.4 Storage adjacent to buildings.
A maximum amount of 1,100 gallons (4163 L) of flammable and combustible liquids stored in portable containers may be stored adjacent to a building located on the same premises and under the same ownership, provided that:
1. The building does not exceed one story in height. Such building shall be of fire-resistance-rated construction with noncombustible exterior surfaces or noncombustible construction and shall be used principally for the storage of liquids; or
2. The exterior building wall adjacent to the storage area shall have a fire-resistance rating of not less than 2 hours, having no openings to above grade areas within 10 feet (3048 mm) horizontally of such storage and no openings to below grade areas within 50 feet (15 240 mm) horizontally of such storage.
5704.4.2.4.1 Separation.
The quantity of liquids stored adjacent to a building protected in accordance with FC 5704.4.2.4(2) may exceed 1,100 gallons (4163 L), provided that the maximum quantity per pile does not exceed 1,100 gallons (4163 L) and each pile is separated by a 10-foot-minimum (3048 mm) clear space along the common wall. Where the quantity stored exceeds 1,100 gallons (4163 L) adjacent to a building complying with FC 5704.4.2.4(1), or the provisions of FC 5704.4.2.4(1) cannot be met, a minimum distance in accordance with the column for distance to a lot line in FC Table 5704.4.2 shall be maintained between buildings and the nearest container.
5704.4.3 Spill control and secondary containment.
Outdoor portable container storage areas shall be provided with spill control and secondary containment in accordance with FC 5703.4.
Exception: Containers stored on approved containment pallets in accordance with FC 5004.2.3 and containers stored in cabinets and lockers with integral spill containment.
5704.4.4 Security.
Outdoor portable container storage areas shall be protected against tampering or trespassers by fencing or other approved control measures.
5704.4.5 Protection from vehicles.
Posts or other means shall be provided to protect outdoor portable container storage areas from vehicular damage. When posts are installed, the posts shall be installed in accordance with FC 312.
5704.4.6 Clearance from combustibles.
Outdoor portable container storage areas shall be kept free from vegetation and other combustible waste as set forth in FC 5704.4.6.1 and 5704.4.6.2.
5704.4.6.1 Vegetation.
Brush, grass, vines, weeds and other vegetation capable of being ignited that is located within 15 feet (4572 mm) of an outdoor portable container storage area shall be regularly mowed or pruned and the clippings removed from the premises.
5704.4.6.2 Combustible waste.
Rubbish and other combustible waste shall not be allowed to accumulate within 15 feet (4572 mm) of an outdoor portable container storage area.
5704.4.7 Weather protection.
Weather protection for outdoor portable container storage areas shall be in accordance with FC 5004.13.
5704.4.8 Empty containers storage.
The storage of empty containers previously used for the storage of flammable or combustible liquids shall be stored as required for filled containers. Containers when emptied shall have the covers or plugs immediately replaced in openings.
