PREPARATION AND DISTRIBUTION OF BALLOTS

MCL ch. 168, subtit. Act 116 of 1954, ch. XXIV, div. 168.559.D10

in effect

MCL 168.559 Official primary election ballots; preparation, distribution.

168.559. Official primary election ballots; preparation, distribution. Sec. 559. It shall be the duty of the board of election commissioners of each county in this state to prepare and furnish the necessary official primary election ballots, except for city offices, which may be required for use by the electors of any political party at the August primary. 1954, Act 116, Eff. June 1, 1955 [PopularName] Election Code

MCL 168.560 Ballots; use; size.

168.560. Ballots; use; size. Sec. 560. Ballots other than those furnished by the board of election commissioners, according to the provisions of this act, shall not be used, cast, or counted in any election precinct at any election. The size of all official ballots shall be as the board of election commissioners prescribes. 1954, Act 116, Eff. June 1, 1955; Am. 2012, Act 128, Imd. Eff. May 14, 2012 [PopularName] Election Code

MCL 168.560a General election ballot; listing political party and name; qualification.

168.560a. General election ballot; listing political party and name; qualification. Sec. 560a. A political party the principal candidate of which received at the last preceding general election a vote equal to or more than 1% of the total number of votes cast for the successful candidate for secretary of state at the last preceding election in which a secretary of state was elected is qualified to have its name and candidates listed on the next general election ballot. Add. 1976, Act 94, Imd. Eff. Apr. 22, 1976; Am. 2017, Act 113, Eff. Oct. 25, 2017 [Constitutionality] The Michigan supreme court, in Socialist Workers Party v Secretary of State, 412 Mich 571; 317 NW2d 1 (1982), held that 1976 PA 94, which added this section, violates Const 1963, art 1, § 2 and art 2, § 4, and the first and fourteenth amendments to the United States Constitution. [PopularName] Election Code

MCL 168.560b Name appearing on ballot; change; appearance of given and middle name; nickname; common law name; married name; violation.

168.560b. Name appearing on ballot; change; appearance of given and middle name; nickname; common law name; married name; violation. Sec. 560b. (1) A candidate required to indicate a name change on the affidavit of identity under section 558 shall be listed on the ballot with his or her current name and former name as prescribed by the secretary of state. (2) Subject to subsections (3) and (4), both a candidate's given name and surname that he or she was given at birth, and only those names, shall appear on the ballot, except under 1 of the following circumstances: (a) The name in question, whether a given name, a surname, or otherwise, is a name that was formally changed. (b) The candidate is subject to subsection (1). (c) The name in question, whether a given name, a surname, or otherwise, is 1 of the following: (i) A name that was changed in a certificate of naturalization issued by a federal district court at the time the individual became a naturalized citizen at least 10 years before filing as a candidate. (ii) A name that was changed because of marriage. (iii) A name that was changed because of divorce, but only if to a legal name by which the individual was previously known. (3) A candidate may specify that both his or her given name and middle name, or only a middle name, shall appear on the ballot. A candidate may specify that either an initial or a recognized diminutive for the candidate's given or middle name, or for both, shall appear on the ballot. In addition, a candidate may specify that a common law name used in accordance with Michigan department of state guidelines for use of a common law name on a driver license or state personal identification card shall appear on that ballot. (4) A candidate is prohibited from specifying that a nickname that is not a recognized diminutive of the candidate's common law name, given name, or middle name appear on the ballot. A married individual is prohibited from specifying that his or her spouse's given name, or an alternative for that given name otherwise permitted under subsection (3), appear on the ballot. (5) A ballot that would violate this section shall not be produced, printed, or distributed. Add. 2002, Act 163, Imd. Eff. Apr. 9, 2002; Am. 2012, Act 128, Imd. Eff. May 14, 2012 [Compiler] Former MCL 168.560b, which pertained to primary election ballot and rights of voters, was repealed by Act 116 of 1988, Imd. Eff. May 2, 1988. [PopularName] Election Code

MCL 168.561 Official primary election ballots; offices for which name of candidate to be included; filing request for clarifying designation of same or similar surnames; notice of determination; appeal; printing occupation, date of birth, or residence of candidate; incumbency designation; guidelines.

168.561. Official primary election ballots; offices for which name of candidate to be included; filing request for clarifying designation of same or similar surnames; notice of determination; appeal; printing occupation, date of birth, or residence of candidate; incumbency designation; guidelines. Sec. 561. (1) The ballots prepared by the board of election commissioners in each county for use by the electors of a political party at a primary election shall include the name of each candidate of the political party for the office of governor, United States senator, and district offices; for the county, the name of each candidate of the political party for county offices; and for each township, the name of each candidate of the political party for township offices. (2) If, in a district that is a county or entirely within 1 county, 2 or more candidates, including candidates for nonpartisan offices, for the same office have the same or similar surnames, a candidate may file a written request with the board of county election commissioners for a clarifying designation. The request shall be filed not later than 3 days after the last date for filing nominating petitions. Not later than 3 days after the filing of the request, the board of county election commissioners shall determine whether a similarity exists and whether a clarifying designation should be granted. In a district located in more than 1 county, the board of state canvassers shall make a determination whether to grant a clarifying designation upon the written request of a candidate who files nominating petitions with the secretary of state. The request shall be filed with the state board of canvassers not later than 5 days after the last date for filing nominating petitions. The board of state canvassers shall make its determination at the same time it makes a declaration of the sufficiency or insufficiency of nominating petitions in compliance with section 552. (3) In each instance, the determining board shall immediately notify each candidate for the same office as the requester that a request for a clarifying designation has been made and of the date, time, and place of the hearing. The requester and each candidate for the same office shall be notified of the board's determination by first-class mail sent within 24 hours after the final date for the determination. A candidate who is dissatisfied with the determination of the board of county election commissioners may file an appeal in the circuit court of the county where the board is located. A candidate who is dissatisfied with the determination of the board of state canvassers may file an appeal in the Ingham county circuit court. The appeal shall be filed within 14 days after the final date for determination by the board. The court shall hear the matter de novo. Except as provided in subsection (4), in the case of the same surname or of a final determination by the board or by the court before the latest date that the board can arrange the ballot printing of the existence of similarity, the board shall print the occupation, date of birth, or residence of each of the candidates on the ballot or ballot labels under their respective names. The term "occupation" includes a currently held political office, even though it is not the candidate's principal occupation, but does not include reference to a previous position or occupation. (4) If there are 2 candidates with the same or similar surnames and 1 of the candidates is entitled to an incumbency designation by section 24 of article VI of the state constitution of 1963, no other designation shall be provided for the other candidate with the same or similar surname. If there are more than 2 candidates with the same or similar surname and 1 of the candidates is entitled to an incumbency designation by section 24 of article VI of the state constitution of 1963, a clarifying designation may be given to the other candidates with the same or similar surname. Except for an incumbency designation under section 24 of article VI of the state constitution of 1963, if 2 or more candidates with the same or similar surnames are related, the board shall only print the residence or date of birth of each of the candidates as a clarifying designation. As used in this subsection, "related" means that the candidates with the same or similar surnames are related within the third degree of consanguinity. (5) The board of state canvassers shall issue guidelines to ensure fairness and uniformity in the granting of designations and may issue guidelines relating to what constitutes the same or similar surnames. The board of state canvassers and the boards of county election commissioners shall follow the guidelines. 1954, Act 116, Eff. June 1, 1955; Am. 1955, Act 271, Imd. Eff. June 30, 1955; Am. 1966, Act 328, Imd. Eff. July 19, 1966; Am. 1967, Act 36, Eff. Nov. 2, 1967; Am. 1976, Act 260, Imd. Eff. Aug. 12, 1976; Am. 2002, Act 163, Imd. Eff. Apr. 9, 2002 [PopularName] Election Code

MCL 168.561a Official ballots; designation of candidate with same given and surname as incumbent.

168.561a. Official ballots; designation of candidate with same given and surname as incumbent. Sec. 561a. In any primary election whenever any candidate for public office has the same given and surname as the name of the person last elected to such office, when the person last elected is not seeking renomination, below the name of said candidate on the ballot shall appear the words "not the present ................." and in said space shall be printed the title of the office sought. The size of type used in any other designation on the ballot shall not be reduced in size from the size of type normally used. Add. 1960, Act 88, Imd. Eff. Apr. 25, 1960 [Compiler] Act 269 of 2001, which was approved by the Governor and filed with the Secretary of State on January 11, 2002, provided for the amendment of MCL 168.31, 168.73, 168.283, 168.393, 168.509y, 168.509aa, 168.561a, 168.624, 168.624a, 168.686, 168.706, 168.727, 168.737, 168.745, 168.769, 168.782b, 168.795, 168.795c, 168.797a, 168.798c, 168.799a, 168.803, 168.804, 168.842, and 168.931 of, the addition of Sec. 701 to, and the repeal of Sec. 509 of, Act 116 of 1954, known as the Michigan Election Law. A petition seeking a referendum on Act 269 of 2001 was filed with the Secretary of State. The Board of State Canvassers officially declared the sufficiency of the referendum petition on May 14, 2002. Const 1963, art 2, sec 9, provides that no law as to which the power of referendum properly has been invoked shall be effective thereafter unless approved by a majority of the electors voting thereon at the next general election. A referendum on Act 269 of 2001 was presented to the electors at the November 5, 2002, general election as Proposal 02-1, which read as follows: [Compiler] “A REFERENDUM ON PUBLIC ACT 269 OF 2001—AN ACT TO AMEND CERTAIN SECTIONS OF MICHIGAN ELECTION LAW [Compiler] Public Act 269 of 2001 would: [Compiler] —Eliminate “straight party” vote option on partisan general election ballots. [Compiler] —Require Secretary of State to obtain training reports from local election officials. [Compiler] —Require registered voters who do not appear on registration list to show picture identification before voting a challenged ballot. [Compiler] —Require expedited canvass if presidential vote differential is under 25,000. [Compiler] —Require ballot counting equipment to screen ballots for voting errors to ensure the accurate tabulation of absentee ballots. Permit voters in polls to correct errors. [Compiler] —Provide penalties for stealing campaign signs or accepting payment for campaign work while being paid as a public employee to perform election duties. [Compiler] Should this law be approved? [Compiler] Yes __________ [Compiler] No __________” [Compiler] Act 269 of 2001 was not approved by a majority of the electors voting thereon at the November 5, 2002, general election. [PopularName] Election Code

MCL 168.562 Official ballots; delegates to county convention.

168.562. Official ballots; delegates to county convention. Sec. 562. The said ballots shall also contain as many lines as there are delegates to be elected to the county convention by the particular political party. Such lines shall be printed under the title "Delegates to county convention", and no ballot for a delegate to a county convention of any political party shall be counted unless prepared and voted under authority of this act. 1954, Act 116, Eff. June 1, 1955 [PopularName] Election Code

MCL 168.562a Repealed. 1983, Act 181, Imd. Eff. Oct. 25, 1983.

MCL 168.562b Election as delegate to state convention or national convention; signing affidavit; voting for presidential candidate; filing affidavit.

168.562b. Election as delegate to state convention or national convention; signing affidavit; voting for presidential candidate; filing affidavit. Sec. 562b. (1) Before an individual may be elected as a delegate to the state convention or national convention of a political party, that individual shall sign an affidavit including 1 of the following: (a) The name of a candidate for president of the United States of that individual's political party that he or she is bound to vote for at each stage of the nominating process until the end of the first ballot at the national convention of that political party unless otherwise released from that commitment under subsection (3). The requirements of this subdivision are met only if the designated presidential candidate's name appears on the presidential primary election ballot. (b) A statement that the individual is uncommitted regarding the candidates for president of the United States. (2) Except as provided in subsection (3), an individual elected as a delegate to the state convention or national convention of a political party is bound to vote at each stage of the presidential nomination process until the end of the first ballot at the national convention of that political party for the candidate for president of the United States that he or she designated a commitment to by written affidavit as required in subsection (1), if any, before his or her election. (3) A delegate to the state convention or national convention is bound to vote for the presidential candidate the delegate is committed to under subsection (2) unless the delegate is released from that commitment by written notice to the chairperson of the state central committee by the presidential candidate or the presidential candidate publicly withdraws from contention for that party's nomination. (4) An individual seeking election as a delegate to the state convention, or his or her designee, shall file the affidavit required under subsection (1) with the county chairperson or the chairperson of the district committee. The county chairperson or the chairperson of the district committee shall file a copy of that affidavit with the chairperson of the state central committee. (5) An individual who has not filed an affidavit under subsection (4) and who is seeking election as a delegate to the national convention, or his or her designee, shall file the affidavit required under subsection (1) with the chairperson of the state central committee. Add. 1988, Act 275, Eff. Sept. 1, 1988 [Compiler] See Green Party of Michigan, et al v Terri Lynn Land, case no. 08-10149, March 26, 2008. [PopularName] Election Code

MCL 168.563 Primary election ballots; number; weight and color of paper; printing and arrangement.

168.563. Primary election ballots; number; weight and color of paper; printing and arrangement. Sec. 563. The number of ballots to be printed for the use of the electors at any primary election in any election precinct shall be not less than 25% more than the total number of ballots cast therein at the corresponding primary election held 4 years previously. The ballot at any partisan primary election shall consist of 1 sheet of 70-pound white book paper, machine finished, or the equivalent. The elections commission may provide that 1 of the political party tickets shall be printed on each side thereof or that the party tickets shall appear on 1 side of the ballot only. If 3 or more parties are represented at a partisan primary, the ballots shall be arranged with a foldover extension or the election commission may provide that the parties shall appear on 1 side of the ballot only. If the ballots are printed on 1 side only the order of the parties on the ballot shall be the same as they will appear on the general election ballot. The parties shall be separated by a heavy black line. If ballots are printed on 2 sides or with a foldover extension the various party tickets shall be printed, as near as may be, in the manner herein before set forth and shall be rotated so that each party ticket will appear face up on alternate ballots. The election commission may provide for the printing of the ballots on colored paper as follows: State and county ballots, white paper; nonpartisan ballots, blue tinted paper; constitutional amendments and state propositions, red tinted paper; county propositions, green tinted paper; local propositions, buff paper; local candidates, white paper. If the election commission prints ballots on colored paper, all instruction ballots shall be printed on any color paper not used for official ballots. 1954, Act 116, Eff. June 1, 1955; Am. 1958, Act 192, Eff. Sept. 13, 1958; Am. 1970, Act 34, Imd. Eff. June 16, 1970; Am. 1972, Act 198, Imd. Eff. June 29, 1972 [PopularName] Election Code

MCL 168.564 Official ballots; failure of party to file required petitions, party ballot not printed.

168.564. Official ballots; failure of party to file required petitions, party ballot not printed. Sec. 564. If in the case of any political party it shall appear that no person has filed the necessary number of nominating petitions, as required by this act, for nomination as a candidate of said party for any office, then no ballot for the use of said political party at the primary shall be printed. 1954, Act 116, Eff. June 1, 1955 [PopularName] Election Code

MCL 168.565 Filing, mailing, and correcting proof copies of ballots; affidavit.

168.565. Filing, mailing, and correcting proof copies of ballots; affidavit. Sec. 565. (1) Not less than 58 days before the primary election, proof copies of the ballots must be placed on file in the office of the county clerk. At the time of filing, the county clerk shall send by email 1 proof copy of the ballot to the secretary of state and shall send by first-class mail 1 proof copy of the ballot to each candidate whose name appears on the ballot to the candidate's address listed on his or her affidavit of identity. If a candidate provides an email address on his or her affidavit of identity, the county clerk may also send a proof copy of the ballot to the candidate by email. (2) If a candidate desires to correct an error on the ballot, the candidate shall contact the county clerk by telephone or email with the corrections. All corrections must be received by the county clerk no later than 4 p.m. on the fifth business day after the proof copy of the ballot is mailed to each candidate as provided in subsection (1). After 4 p.m. on the fifth business day after the county clerk mails the proof copy of the ballot to each candidate as provided in subsection (1), the county clerk is authorized to begin printing the ballots. (3) The county clerk shall prepare and sign an affidavit when sending proof ballots that attests to all of the following: (a) Proof ballots were mailed as required. (b) The names of the candidates who were mailed proof ballots. (c) Each address to which the proof ballots were mailed. (d) The date or dates proof ballots were mailed. 1954, Act 116, Eff. June 1, 1955; Am. 1956, Act 190, Imd. Eff. Apr. 26, 1956; Am. 1984, Act 113, Imd. Eff. May 29, 1984; Am. 2022, Act 94, Imd. Eff. June 14, 2022 [PopularName] Election Code

MCL 168.566 Official primary ballots; posting for public inspection.

168.566. Official primary ballots; posting for public inspection. Sec. 566. The official primary ballots shall be posted in a conspicuous place at the office of the county, city, village or township clerk, as the case may be, for public inspection at least 3 days prior to distribution for use at the primary election. 1954, Act 116, Eff. June 1, 1955 [PopularName] Election Code

MCL 168.567 Official primary ballots; errors, correction by board of election commissioners.

168.567. Official primary ballots; errors, correction by board of election commissioners. Sec. 567. The boards of election commissioners shall correct such errors as may be found in said ballots, and a copy of such corrected ballots shall be sent to the secretary of state by the county clerk. 1954, Act 116, Eff. June 1, 1955 [PopularName] Election Code

MCL 168.568 Official primary election ballots; form; order and title of offices.

168.568. Official primary election ballots; form; order and title of offices. Sec. 568. (1) The official primary election ballots shall be prepared in a form prescribed by the secretary of state based upon the voting equipment being used in each county. (2) The order of the offices on the ballot shall be the same, as near as may be, as is required by law in making up the ballot used at general elections. The title of the office shall be immediately above the names of the candidate or candidates for the nomination of each office, and under the title the words "Vote for not more than," followed by the number "1" or "2" or such other identifier as will designate the number of candidates for the nomination to the office that may be voted for. 1954, Act 116, Eff. June 1, 1955; Am. 1985, Act 160, Imd. Eff. Nov. 20, 1985; Am. 2012, Act 128, Imd. Eff. May 14, 2012 [PopularName] Election Code

MCL 168.569 Official primary ballots; numbering; separation of columns.

168.569. Official primary ballots; numbering; separation of columns. Sec. 569. The ballots for each election district shall be numbered consecutively in the manner provided for the preparation of ballots for general election. Said ballot may be in 1 or more columns as may be determined by the board of election commissioners preparing the same. If 2 or more columns are used on the ballots, the columns shall be separated by a heavy black line. 1954, Act 116, Eff. June 1, 1955 [PopularName] Election Code

MCL 168.569a Rotation of names; manner; effect of using absent voter counting board; section applicable to nonpartisan general elections and municipal elections.

168.569a. Rotation of names; manner; effect of using absent voter counting board; section applicable to nonpartisan general elections and municipal elections. Sec. 569a. (1) In all primary elections, if there are more names under the heading of an office than there are candidates to be nominated and the same office appears in more than 1 precinct, the names shall be rotated in the following manner: In printing each set of ballots for the several election precincts, the relative positions of the different names printed in each division shall be changed as many times as there are candidates in that division and as reasonably as possible a candidate's name shall not appear at the top of the ballot more times than any other candidate's name in that division. The names shall first be arranged alphabetically according to surnames on each ballot used in the precinct. In the next precinct the names shall appear in the same order on each ballot, except that the name appearing first under each office in the preceding precinct shall be last. The names shall be changed in that manner in every precinct of the city, village, township, or county. (2) Except as otherwise provided in this subsection, an absent voter counting board is a separate precinct for the purposes of this act. If a municipality has 250 or more precincts and absent voter counting boards are used, each ballot form which contains identical offices and names may be considered a separate precinct for the purposes of this section. (3) Notwithstanding provisions of law or charter to the contrary, this section applies to nonpartisan general elections and to municipal elections. Add. 1985, Act 24, Imd. Eff. May 24, 1985; Am. 2012, Act 272, Imd. Eff. July 3, 2012 [PopularName] Election Code

MCL 168.570 Paper ballots; numbering; identification; function of and requirements for detachable stub; distribution of ballots; form.

168.570. Paper ballots; numbering; identification; function of and requirements for detachable stub; distribution of ballots; form. Sec. 570. Except for ballots used at an early voting site that are produced by an on-demand ballot printing system, absent voter ballots issued to individuals who register to vote or who update a voter registration at a clerk's office on election day as provided under section 761(7) that are produced by an on-demand ballot printing system, ballots issued to individuals who register to vote or who update a voter registration at an election day vote center as provided under section 523b that are produced by an on-demand ballot printing system, and ballots that are translated to a language other than English that are produced by an on-demand ballot printing system, paper ballots must be numbered consecutively and identified by use of the words "official primary ballot" on the upper right hand corner on the front of the ballot with a perforated line across the top of the ballot and underneath the number and identification so that the stub with the number and identification may be torn off. The detachable stub serves for the several party tickets and the ballot number must be printed on the stub on 1 side only. A political party designation must not appear on a ballot stub so numbered and identified. After the ballots are trimmed and wrapped in sealed packages, the ballots must be distributed for use at the primary election in the same manner as is provided by law for the distribution of ballots to be used at general elections. Ballots must be prepared in substantially the following form: OFFICIAL PRIMARY BALLOT No. ............ OFFICIAL PRIMARY ELECTION BALLOT Primary election to be held ...................... 20...... in the county of ................................................... . ...............party. You cannot split your ticket. If you vote for candidates on more than 1 party ticket, your ballot will be rejected. Make a cross or a check mark in the square to the left of not more than the number of names for each office as may be indicated under the title of each office. ______________________________________________________________ State. Legislative. ______________________________________________________________ Governor. State Senator. .................District. Vote for not more than one. Vote for not more than one. ______________________________________________________________ [ ] 1 John Doe [ ] 7 John Doe ______________________________________________________________ [ ] 2 Richard Roe [ ] 8 Richard Roe ______________________________________________________________ [ ] [ ] ______________________________________________________________ Congressional. Representative in State ____________________________ Legislature. United States Senator..... ................. District. Vote for not more than one. Vote for not more than one. ______________________________________________________________ [ ] 3 John Doe [ ] 9 John Doe ______________________________________________________________ [ ] 4 Richard Roe [ ] 10 Richard Roe ______________________________________________________________ [ ] [ ] ______________________________________________________________ Representative in Congress. County. .................... District. Prosecuting Attorney. Vote for not more than one. Vote for not more than one. ______________________________________________________________ [ ] 5 John Doe [ ] 11 John Doe ______________________________________________________________ [ ] 6 Richard Roe [ ] 12 Richard Roe ______________________________________________________________ [ ] [ ] ______________________________________________________________ 1954, Act 116, Eff. June 1, 1955; Am. 1967, Act 108, Eff. Nov. 2, 1967; Am. 1968, Act 46, Imd. Eff. May 24, 1968; Am. 1985, Act 24, Imd. Eff. May 24, 1985; Am. 1985, Act 160, Imd. Eff. Nov. 20, 1985; Am. 2017, Act 113, Eff. Oct. 25, 2017; Am. 2023, Act 81, Eff. Feb. 13, 2024; Am. 2024, Act 221, Eff. Apr. 2, 2025 [PopularName] Election Code

MCL 168.570a Official primary ballot; candidates for township offices; party qualification.

168.570a. Official primary ballot; candidates for township offices; party qualification. Sec. 570a. The official primary ballot shall include candidates for township offices. Township offices and candidates shall follow state and county offices and candidates. Parties qualified to appear on the primary ballot for state and county offices and no others are qualified to appear and have the names of their candidates printed on the township portion of the primary ballot. Parties qualified to nominate candidates for state and county offices under section 685 and no others are qualified to nominate candidates for township offices at the county caucuses provided in section 686a. Add. 1966, Act 58, Imd. Eff. June 7, 1966; Am. 2015, Act 98, Eff. Sept. 28, 2015 [PopularName] Election Code

MCL 168.571 Repealed. 1963, 2nd Ex. Sess., Act 57, Imd. Eff. Dec. 27, 1963.

MCL 168.572 Official primary ballots; provision for write-in votes.

168.572. Official primary ballots; provision for write-in votes. Sec. 572. The ballots shall be prepared in such manner that the electors of each political party may write, print or paste the name of a candidate thereon. 1954, Act 116, Eff. June 1, 1955 [PopularName] Election Code

MCL 168.573 Official primary ballots; packaging, seal, certification.

168.573. Official primary ballots; packaging, seal, certification. Sec. 573. The ballots of each kind for each election precinct shall be wrapped and secured in 2 separate packages. Each package shall be securely sealed with a red paper seal furnished by the secretary of state and shall bear on its wrapper the name and number of the precinct and a certificate signed by the county clerk or some member of the board of county election commissioners, or his or its duly authorized agent, setting forth the number and kind of ballots in such package and that such ballots were counted, packaged and sealed by himself personally, or by his duly authorized agent. 1954, Act 116, Eff. June 1, 1955 [PopularName] Election Code

Source: Michigan Legislature (legislature.mi.gov)URL: https://legislature.mi.gov/documents/mcl/Chapter%20168.xmlFetched: 10/20/2026