GENERAL PROVISIONS

Conn. Gen. Stat. tit. 34, ch. 613a, pt. PART I

in effect

Conn. Gen. Stat. § 34-243 Short title: Connecticut Uniform Limited Liability Company Act.

34-243. Short title: Connecticut Uniform Limited Liability Company Act. Sections 34-243 to 34-283d, inclusive, may be cited as the “Connecticut Uniform Limited Liability Company Act”. (P.A. 16-97, S. 1.) History: P.A. 16-97 effective July 1, 2017.

Conn. Gen. Stat. § 34-243a Definitions.

34-243a. Definitions. As used in sections 34-243 to 34-283d, inclusive: (1) “Certificate of organization” means the certificate required by section 34-247, and includes the certificate as amended or restated. (2) “Connecticut Entity Transactions Act” means chapter 616. (3) “Contribution”, except in the phrase “right of contribution”, means property or a benefit described in section 34-255a which is provided by a person to a limited liability company to become a member or in the person's capacity as a member. (4) “Debtor in bankruptcy” means a person that is the subject of: (A) An order for relief under Title 11 of the United States Code or a comparable order under a successor statute of general application; or (B) a comparable order under federal, state or foreign law governing insolvency. (5) “Disinterested individual” means an individual, including a disinterested member, who, at the time action is to be taken under section 34-271d, does not have (A) a material interest in the outcome of the proceeding, or (B) a material relationship with a person who has such an interest. (6) “Disinterested member” means a member who, at the time action is to be taken under: (A) Subsection (b) or (d) of section 34-255g, (i) is not a party to the proceeding, (ii) is not a member who sought approval for a member's conflicting interest transaction under subsection (f) of section 34-255h or a disclaimer of the limited liability company's interest in a business opportunity under subsection (b) of section 34-255h, which approval or disclaimer is challenged in the proceeding, and (iii) does not have a material relationship with a party or member described in clause (i) or (ii) of this subparagraph; (B) Subsection (f) of section 34-255h, is not a member (i) as to whom the transaction is a member's conflicting interest transaction, or (ii) who has a material relationship with another member as to whom the transaction is a member's conflicting interest transaction; or (C) Subsection (b) of section 34-255h, would be a disinterested member under subparagraph (B) of this subdivision if the business opportunity were a member's conflicting interest transaction. (7) “Disinterested person” means a person, including a disinterested member, who, at the time action is to be taken under subparagraph (A) of subdivision (1) of subsection (d) of section 34-243d, does not have (A) a material interest in the outcome of the action, or (B) a material relationship with a person who has such an interest. (8) “Distribution” means a transfer of money or other property from a limited liability company to a person on account of a transferable interest or in the person's capacity as a member. “Distribution”: (A) Includes (i) a redemption or other purchase by a limited liability company of a transferable interest; and (ii) a transfer to a member in return for the member's relinquishment of any right to participate as a member in the management or conduct of the company's activities and affairs or to have access to records or other information concerning the company's activities and affairs; and (B) does not include amounts constituting reasonable compensation for present or past service or payments made in the ordinary course of business under a bona fide retirement plan or other bona fide benefits program. (9) “Foreign limited liability company” means an unincorporated entity formed under the law of a jurisdiction other than this state which would be a limited liability company if formed under the law of this state. (10) “Governing jurisdiction” means the jurisdiction whose law governs the internal affairs of an entity. (11) “Jurisdiction”, when used to refer to a political entity, means the United States, a state, a foreign county or a political subdivision of a foreign country. (12) “Limited liability company”, except in the phrase “foreign limited liability company” and when used in sections 34-279 to 34-279i, inclusive, means an entity formed under sections 34-243 to 34-283d, inclusive, or which becomes subject to said sections under the Connecticut Entity Transactions Act, or section 34-243i or 34-279h. (13) “Majority in interest of the members” means the members owning more than fifty per cent of the transferable interests of the limited liability company, excluding any transferable interests not owned by the members; except that if it is not possible to determine which members own more than fifty per cent of the transferable interests based on the operating agreement of the limited liability company, then majority in interest of the members means the members who would receive more than fifty per cent of the distributions with respect to the dissolution of the limited liability company at the time of the vote if there would be such distributions, or if there would not be such distributions, the “majority in interest of the members” means the members who at the time of the vote contributed more than fifty per cent of the unreturned capital contributions made to the limited liability company since the date of formation of the limited liability company. (14) “Manager” means a person that, under the operating agreement of a manager-managed limited liability company, is responsible, alone or in concert with others, for performing the management functions set forth in subsection (c) of section 34-255f, regardless of the title used to describe such person. (15) “Manager-managed limited liability company” means a limited liability company that qualifies under subsection (a) of section 34-255f. (16) “Material relationship” means a familial, financial, professional or employment relationship that would reasonably be expected to impair the objectivity of the person's judgment when participating in the action to be taken. (17) “Material interest” means an actual or potential benefit or detriment, other than one which would devolve on the limited liability company or the members generally, that would reasonably be expected to impair the objectivity of the person's judgment when participating in the action to be taken. (18) “Member” means a person that: (A) Has become a member of a limited liability company under section 34-255 or was a member in a company when the company became subject to sections 34-243 to 34-283d, inclusive, under section 34-243i; and (B) has not dissociated under section 34-263a. (19) “Member-managed limited liability company” means a limited liability company that is not a manager-managed limited liability company. (20) “Operating agreement” means the agreement, whether or not referred to as an operating agreement and whether oral, implied, in a record or in any combination thereof, of all the members of a limited liability company, including a sole member, concerning the matters described in subsection (a) of section 34-243d. “Operating agreement” includes the agreement as amended or restated. (21) “Organizer” means a person that acts under section 34-247 to form a limited liability company. (22) “Person” means an individual, business corporation, nonprofit corporation, partnership, limited partnership, limited liability company, foreign limited liability company, cooperative association, limited cooperative association, unincorporated nonprofit association, statutory trust, business trust, common law business trust, estate, trust, association, joint venture, public corporation, government or governmental subdivision, agency or instrumentality, or any other domestic or foreign legal or commercial entity. (23) “Principal office” means the principal executive office of a limited liability company or foreign limited liability company, whether or not the office is located in this state. (24) “Professional service” means any type of service to the public that requires members of a profession rendering such service to obtain a license or other legal authorization as a condition precedent to the rendition thereof, limited to the professional services rendered by dentists, naturopaths, chiropractors, physicians and surgeons, physician assistants, doctors of dentistry, physical therapists, occupational therapists, podiatrists, optometrists, nurses, nurse-midwives, veterinarians, pharmacists, architects, professional engineers, or jointly by architects and professional engineers, landscape architects, real estate brokers, insurance producers, certified public accountants and public accountants, land surveyors, psychologists, attorneys-at-law, licensed marital and family therapists, licensed professional counselors, licensed or certified alcohol and drug counselors and licensed clinical social workers. (25) “Property” means all property, whether real, personal, or mixed or tangible or intangible, or any right or interest therein. (26) “Record”, when used as a noun, means information that is inscribed on a tangible medium or that is stored in an electronic or other medium and is retrievable in perceivable form. (27) “Registered agent” means an agent of a limited liability company or foreign limited liability company which is authorized to receive service of any process, notice, or demand required or permitted by law to be served on the company. (28) “Registered foreign limited liability company” means a foreign limited liability company that is registered to do business in this state pursuant to a certificate of registration filed by the Secretary of the State. (29) “Sign” means, with the present intent to authenticate or adopt a record: (A) To execute or adopt a tangible symbol; or (B) to attach to or logically associate with the record an electronic symbol, sound or process. (30) “State”, when used as a noun, means a state of the United States, the District of Columbia, Puerto Rico, the United States Virgin Islands, or any territory or insular possession subject to the jurisdiction of the United States. (31) “Transfer” includes: (A) An assignment; (B) a conveyance; (C) a sale; (D) a lease; (E) an encumbrance, including a mortgage or security interest; (F) a gift; and (G) a transfer by operation of law. (32) “Transferable interest” means the right, as initially owned by a person in the person's capacity as a member, to receive distributions from a limited liability company, whether or not the person remains a member or continues to own any part of the right. “Transferable interest” applies to any fraction of the interest, by whomever owned. (33) “Transferee” means a person to which all or part of a transferable interest has been transferred, whether or not the transferor is a member. “Transferee” includes a person that owns a transferable interest under subdivision (3) of subsection (a) of section 34-263b. (34) “Two-thirds in interest of the members” means the members owning at least two-thirds of the transferable interests of the limited liability company, excluding any transferable interests not owned by the members; except that if it is not possible to determine which members own at least two-thirds of the transferable interests based on the operating agreement of the limited liability company, two-thirds in interest of the members means the members who would receive at least two-thirds of the distributions with respect to the dissolution of the limited liability company at the time of the vote if there would be such distributions, or if there would not be such distributions, two-thirds in interest of the members means the members who at the time of the vote contributed at least two-thirds of the unreturned capital contributions made to the limited liability company since the date of formation of the limited liability company. (P.A. 16-97, S. 2; P.A. 17-108, S. 25.) History: P.A. 16-97 effective July 1, 2017; P.A. 17-108 amended Subdiv. (12) to add reference to Sec. 34-279h, effective July 1, 2017.

Conn. Gen. Stat. § 34-243b Knowledge. Notice.

34-243b. Knowledge. Notice. (a) A person knows a fact if the person: (1) Has actual knowledge of the fact; or (2) is deemed to know the fact under subdivision (1) of subsection (d) of this section or pursuant to law other than sections 34-243 to 34-283d, inclusive. (b) A person has notice of a fact if the person: (1) Has reason to know the fact from all the facts known to the person at the time in question; or (2) is deemed to have notice of the fact under subdivision (2) of subsection (d) of this section. (c) Subject to subsection (f) of section 34-247i, a person notifies another person of a fact by taking steps reasonably required to inform the other person in ordinary course, whether or not those steps cause the other person to know the fact. (d) A person that is not a member is deemed to have notice of a limited liability company's: (1) Dissolution ninety days after a certificate of dissolution under subparagraph (A) of subdivision (2) of subsection (b) of section 34-267a becomes effective; and (2) participation in a merger, interest exchange, conversion or domestication ninety days after articles of merger, interest exchange, conversion or domestication become effective under sections 34-279 to 34-279q, inclusive, or under the Connecticut Entity Transactions Act. (P.A. 16-97, S. 3.) History: P.A. 16-97 effective July 1, 2017.

Conn. Gen. Stat. § 34-243c Governing law.

34-243c. Governing law. The law of this state governs: (1) The internal affairs of a limited liability company; and (2) the liability of a member as member and a manager as manager for the debts, obligations or other liabilities of a limited liability company. (P.A. 16-97, S. 4.) History: P.A. 16-97 effective July 1, 2017.

Conn. Gen. Stat. § 34-243d Operating agreement: Scope, function and limitations.

34-243d. Operating agreement: Scope, function and limitations. (a) Except as provided in subsections (c) and (d) of this section, the operating agreement governs: (1) Relations among the members as members and between the members and the limited liability company; (2) the rights and duties under sections 34-243 to 34-283d, inclusive, of a person in the capacity of manager; (3) the activities and affairs of the company and the conduct of those activities and affairs; and (4) the means and conditions for amending the operating agreement. (b) To the extent the operating agreement does not provide for a matter described in subsection (a) of this section, the provisions of sections 34-243 to 34-283d, inclusive, govern the matter. (c) An operating agreement may not: (1) Vary the law applicable under section 34-243c; (2) vary a limited liability company's capacity under subsection (a) of section 34-243h, to sue and be sued in its own name; (3) vary any requirement, procedure or other provision of sections 34-243 to 34-283d, inclusive, pertaining to: (A) Registered agents; or (B) the Secretary of the State, including provisions pertaining to records authorized or required to be delivered to the Secretary of the State for filing under sections 34-243 to 34-283d, inclusive; (4) vary the provisions of section 34-247c; (5) alter or eliminate the duty of loyalty or the duty of care, except as provided in subsection (d) of this section; (6) eliminate the implied contractual obligation of good faith and fair dealing under subsection (d) of section 34-255h, except that the operating agreement may prescribe the standards, if not manifestly unreasonable, by which the performance of the obligation is to be measured; (7) relieve or exonerate a person from liability for conduct involving bad faith, wilful or intentional misconduct, or knowing violation of law; (8) unreasonably restrict the duties and rights under section 34-255i, except that the operating agreement may impose reasonable restrictions on the availability and use of information obtained under said section and may define appropriate remedies, including liquidated damages, for a breach of any reasonable restriction on use; (9) vary the causes of dissolution specified in subdivisions (4) and (5) of subsection (a) of section 34-267; (10) vary the requirement to wind up the company's activities and affairs as specified in subsections (a) and (e) of section 34-267a and subdivision (1) of subsection (b) of section 34-267a; (11) unreasonably restrict the right of a member to maintain an action under sections 34-271 to 34-271e, inclusive; (12) vary the provisions of section 34-271d, except that the operating agreement may provide that the company may not have a special litigation committee; (13) vary the required contents of a plan of merger under subsection (b) of section 34-279h or, a plan of interest exchange under section 34-279m; or (14) except as provided in section 34-243e and subsection (b) of section 34-243f, restrict the rights under sections 34-243 to 34-283d, inclusive, of a person other than a member or manager. (d) Subject to subdivision (7) of subsection (c) of this section, without limiting other terms that may be included in an operating agreement, the following rules apply: (1) The operating agreement may: (A) Specify the method by which a specific act or transaction that would otherwise violate the duty of loyalty may be authorized or ratified by one or more disinterested persons after full disclosure of all material facts; and (B) alter the prohibition on making a distribution under subdivision (2) of subsection (a) of section 34-255d so that the prohibition requires only that the company's total assets not be less than the sum of its total liabilities. (2) To the extent the operating agreement of a member-managed limited liability company expressly relieves a member of a responsibility that the member otherwise would have under sections 34-243 to 34-283d, inclusive, and imposes the responsibility on one or more other members, the operating agreement also may eliminate or limit any fiduciary duty of the member relieved of the responsibility which would have pertained to the responsibility. (3) If not manifestly unreasonable, the operating agreement may: (A) Alter or eliminate the aspects of the duty of loyalty set forth in subsections (b) and (i) of section 34-255h; (B) identify specific types or categories of activities that do not violate the duty of loyalty; (C) alter the duty of care, but may not authorize conduct involving bad faith, wilful or intentional misconduct, or knowing violation of law; and (D) alter or eliminate any other fiduciary duty. (e) The court shall decide as a matter of law whether a term of an operating agreement is manifestly unreasonable under subdivision (6) of subsection (c) of this section or subdivision (3) of subsection (d) of this section. The court: (1) Shall make its determination as of the time the challenged term became part of the operating agreement and by considering only circumstances existing at that time; and (2) may invalidate the term only if, in light of the purposes, activities and affairs of the limited liability company, it is readily apparent that: (A) The objective of the term is unreasonable; or (B) the term is an unreasonable means to achieve the term's objective. (P.A. 16-97, S. 5.) History: P.A. 16-97 effective July 1, 2017.

Conn. Gen. Stat. § 34-243e Operating agreement: Effect on limited liability company and person becoming member. Formation of agreement that becomes operating agreement.

34-243e. Operating agreement: Effect on limited liability company and person becoming member. Formation of agreement that becomes operating agreement. (a) A limited liability company is bound by and may enforce the operating agreement, whether or not the company has itself manifested assent to the operating agreement. (b) A person that becomes a member of a limited liability company is deemed to assent to the operating agreement. (c) Two or more persons intending to become the initial members of a limited liability company may make an agreement providing that upon the formation of the company the agreement will become the operating agreement. One person intending to become the initial member of a limited liability company may assent to terms providing that upon the formation of the company the terms will become the operating agreement. (P.A. 16-97, S. 6.) History: P.A. 16-97 effective July 1, 2017.

Conn. Gen. Stat. § 34-243f Operating agreement: Effect on third parties and relationship to records effective on behalf of limited liability company.

34-243f. Operating agreement: Effect on third parties and relationship to records effective on behalf of limited liability company. (a) An operating agreement may specify that its amendment requires the approval of a person that is not a party to the agreement or the satisfaction of a condition. An amendment is ineffective if its adoption does not include the required approval or satisfy the specified condition. (b) The obligations of a limited liability company and its members to a person in the person's capacity as a transferee or a person dissociated as a member are governed by the operating agreement. Subject only to a court order issued under subdivision (2) of subsection (b) of section 34-259b to effectuate a charging order, an amendment to the operating agreement made after a person becomes a transferee or is dissociated as a member: (1) Is effective with regard to any debt, obligation or other liability of the limited liability company or its members to the person in the person's capacity as a transferee or person dissociated as a member; and (2) is not effective to the extent the amendment imposes a new debt, obligation or other liability on the transferee or person dissociated as a member. (c) If a record delivered by a limited liability company to the Secretary of the State for filing becomes effective and contains a provision that would be ineffective under subsection (c) of section 34-243d or subdivision (3) of subsection (d) of section 34-243d if contained in the operating agreement, the provision is ineffective in the record. (d) Subject to subsection (c) of this section, if a record delivered by a limited liability company to the Secretary of the State for filing becomes effective and conflicts with a provision of the operating agreement: (1) The agreement prevails as to members, persons dissociated as members, transferees and managers; and (2) the record prevails as to other persons to the extent they reasonably rely on the record. (P.A. 16-97, S. 7.) History: P.A. 16-97 effective July 1, 2017.

Conn. Gen. Stat. § 34-243g Nature, purpose and duration of limited liability company.

34-243g. Nature, purpose and duration of limited liability company. (a) A limited liability company is an entity distinct from its member or members. (b) A limited liability company may have any lawful purpose, regardless of whether for profit. (c) A limited liability company has perpetual duration. (P.A. 16-97, S. 8.) History: P.A. 16-97 effective July 1, 2017.

Conn. Gen. Stat. § 34-243h Powers and purposes. Restrictions.

34-243h. Powers and purposes. Restrictions. (a) A limited liability company has the capacity to sue and be sued in its own name and the power to do all things necessary or convenient to carry on its activities and affairs. (b) A limited liability company may be formed under sections 34-243 to 34-283d, inclusive, for the transaction of any business or the promotion of any purpose which may be lawfully carried on by a limited liability company except that of a Connecticut bank as defined in section 36a-2. (c) Except as provided in this subsection, a limited liability company may be formed to render professional services, provided: (1) Each member of the limited liability company must be licensed or otherwise authorized by law in this state or any other jurisdiction to render such professional services; (2) the limited liability company will render only one specific type of professional services and services ancillary to such professional services and may not engage in any business other than the rendering of professional services for which it was formed to render and services ancillary to such professional services; and (3) the limited liability company may render its professional services in this state only through its members, managers, employees and agents who are licensed or otherwise legally authorized to render such professional services within this state. A limited liability company that will render professional services by licensed or certified alcohol and drug counselors may only be formed pursuant to subdivision (2) of subsection (d) of this section. (d) A limited liability company may be formed to render professional services rendered by members of two or more of the following professions: (1) Psychology, marital and family therapy, social work, nursing and psychiatry; (2) medicine and surgery, occupational therapy, social work, and alcohol and drug counseling; and (3) medicine and surgery, and chiropractic; provided (A) each member of the limited liability company must be licensed or otherwise authorized by law in this state or any other jurisdiction to render any of the types of professional services specified in subdivision (1), (2) or (3) of this subsection, (B) the limited liability company will render only the types of professional services specified in subdivision (1), (2) or (3) of this subsection and services ancillary to them and may not engage in any business other than the rendering of professional services for which it was formed to render and services ancillary to them, and (C) the limited liability company may render its professional services in this state only through its members, managers, employees and agents who are licensed or otherwise legally authorized to render any of the types of professional services specified in subdivision (1), (2) or (3) of this subsection within this state. (e) The name of a limited liability company formed on or after July 1, 2017, to render professional services shall contain the words “professional limited liability company” or the abbreviation “P.L.L.C.” or “PLLC”, “Limited” may be abbreviated as “Ltd.”, and “company” may be abbreviated as “Co.”. (f) No limited liability company formed under the provisions of sections 34-243 to 34-283d, inclusive, shall have power to transact in this state the business of a telegraph company, gas, electric, electric distribution or water company, or cemetery corporation, or of any company, except a telephone company, requiring the right to take and condemn lands or to occupy the public highways of this state. (g) No limited liability company may be formed under the provisions of sections 34-243 to 34-283d, inclusive, for the purpose of transacting the business of an insurance company or a surety or indemnity company, unless (1) it is an affiliate of an insurance company chartered by, incorporated, organized or constituted within or under the laws of this state; and (2) at the time of the filing of its certificate of organization, there is also filed a certificate issued by the Insurance Commissioner, pursuant to section 33-646, authorizing the formation of the limited liability company. No limited liability company formed under the provisions of sections 34-243 to 34-283d, inclusive, shall have power to transact in this state the business of any insurance company or a surety or indemnity company until it has procured a license from the Insurance Commissioner in accordance with the provisions of section 38a-41. (h) Nothing in sections 34-243 to 34-283d, inclusive, shall be construed to authorize a limited liability company formed under said sections to transact any business except in compliance with any laws of this state regulating or otherwise applying to the same. The provisions of sections 34-243 to 34-283d, inclusive, shall govern all limited liability companies, except that where by law special provisions are made in the case of a designated class or classes of limited liability companies governing the limited liability company procedure thereof in any respect, limiting or extending the powers thereof, conditioning action upon the approval of any agency of the state or otherwise prescribing the conduct of such limited liability companies, such procedure, power, action or conduct shall be governed by such special provisions whether or not such limited liability companies are formed under said sections. (i) Nothing in this section shall prohibit the formation of a limited liability company under sections 34-243 to 34-283d, inclusive, for the transaction of any business or for the promotion of any purpose in any other state if not prohibited by the laws thereof. (P.A. 16-97, S. 9; P.A. 17-108, S. 26.) History: P.A. 16-97 effective July 1, 2017; P.A. 17-108 amended Subsec. (g)(2) by replacing “certificate of formation” with “certificate of organization”, effective July 1, 2017.

Conn. Gen. Stat. § 34-243i Effective date. Application to existing relationships.

34-243i. Effective date. Application to existing relationships. (a) Except as provided in subsection (b) of this section, on and after July 1, 2017, sections 34-243 to 34-283d, inclusive, govern all limited liability companies. (b) For purposes of applying the provisions of sections 34-243 to 34-283d, inclusive, to a limited liability company formed before July 1, 2017: (1) The company's articles of organization are deemed to be the company's certificate of organization; and (2) for purposes of applying the provisions of subdivision (14) of section 34-243a and subject to subsection (d) of section 34-243f, language in the company's articles of organization designating the company's management structure operates as if that language were in the operating agreement. (P.A. 16-97, S. 10.) History: P.A. 16-97 effective July 1, 2017.

Conn. Gen. Stat. § 34-243j Supplemental principles of law.

34-243j. Supplemental principles of law. Unless displaced by particular provisions of sections 34-243 to 34-283d, inclusive, the principles of law and equity supplement sections 34-243 to 34-283d, inclusive. (P.A. 16-97, S. 11.) History: P.A. 16-97 effective July 1, 2017.

Conn. Gen. Stat. § 34-243k Permitted name.

34-243k. Permitted name. (a) The name of a limited liability company shall contain the words “limited liability company” or the abbreviation “L.L.C.” or “LLC”. “Limited” may be abbreviated as “Ltd.”, and “company” may be abbreviated as “Co.”. (b) Except as provided in subsection (d) of this section, the name of a limited liability company, and the name under which a foreign limited liability company may register to do business in this state, shall be distinguishable on the records of the Secretary of the State from any: (1) Name of an existing person whose formation required the filing of a record by the Secretary of the State and which is not at the time administratively dissolved and which has not at the time filed a certificate of dissolution with the Secretary of the State; (2) name under which a person is registered to do business in this state by the filing of a record by the Secretary of the State; (3) name reserved under section 34-243l or other law of this state providing for the reservation of a name by the filing of a record by the Secretary of the State; and (4) name registered under section 34-243m or other law of this state providing for the registration of a name by the filing of a record by the Secretary of the State. (c) If a person consents in a record to the use of its name and submits an undertaking in a form satisfactory to the Secretary of the State to change its name to a name that is distinguishable on the records of the Secretary of the State from any name in any category of names in subsection (b) of this section, the name of the consenting person may be used by the person to which the consent was given. (d) Except as provided in subsection (e) of this section, in determining whether a name is the same as or not distinguishable on the records of the Secretary of the State from the name of another person, words, phrases or abbreviations indicating a type of person, such as “corporation”, “corp.”, “incorporated”, “Inc.”, “professional corporation”, “P.C.”, “PC”, “Limited”, “Ltd.”, “limited partnership”, “professional limited liability company”, “P.L.L.C.”, “PLLC”, “limited liability partnership”, “L.L.P.”, or “LLP” may not be taken into account. (e) A person may consent in a record to the use of a name that is not distinguishable on the records of the Secretary of the State from its name except for the addition of a word, phrase or abbreviation indicating the type of person as provided in subsection (d) of this section. In such a case, the person need not change its name pursuant to subsection (b) of this section. (f) The name of a limited liability company or foreign limited liability company may not contain language stating or implying that the limited liability company or the foreign limited liability company is organized for a purpose other than permitted by subsection (b) of section 34-243h. (g) A limited liability company or foreign limited liability company may use a name that is not distinguishable from a name described in subsection (b) of this section if the company delivers to the Secretary of the State a certified copy of a final judgment of a court of competent jurisdiction establishing the right of the company to use the name in this state. (P.A. 16-97, S. 12.) History: P.A. 16-97 effective July 1, 2017.

Conn. Gen. Stat. § 34-243l Reservation of name.

34-243l. Reservation of name. (a) A person may reserve the exclusive use of a name that complies with section 34-243k by delivering an application to the Secretary of the State for filing. The application shall state the name and address of the applicant and the name to be reserved. If the Secretary of the State finds that the name is available, the Secretary of the State shall reserve the name for the applicant's exclusive use for a period of one hundred twenty days. (b) The owner of a reserved name may transfer the reservation to another person by delivering to the Secretary of the State a signed notice in a record of the transfer which states the name and address of the person to which the reservation is being transferred. (P.A. 16-97, S. 13.) History: P.A. 16-97 effective July 1, 2017.

Conn. Gen. Stat. § 34-243m Registration of name.

34-243m. Registration of name. (a) A foreign limited liability company that is not registered to do business in this state under sections 34-275 to 34-275i, inclusive, may register its name, or an alternate name adopted pursuant to section 34-275e, if the name is distinguishable on the records of the Secretary of the State from the names that are not available under section 34-243k. (b) To register its name or an alternate name adopted pursuant to section 34-275e, a foreign limited liability company shall deliver to the Secretary of the State for filing an application stating the company's name, the jurisdiction and date of its formation, and any alternate name adopted pursuant to section 34-275e. If the Secretary of the State finds that the name applied for is available, the Secretary of the State shall register the name for the applicant's exclusive use. (c) The registration of a name under this section is effective for one year after the date of registration. (d) A foreign limited liability company whose name registration is effective may renew the registration for successive one-year periods by delivering, not earlier than ninety days before the expiration of the registration, to the Secretary of the State for filing a renewal application that complies with this section. When filed, the renewal application renews the registration for a succeeding one-year period. (e) A foreign limited liability company whose name registration is effective may register as a foreign limited liability company under the registered name or consent in a signed record to the use of that name by another person that is not an individual. (P.A. 16-97, S. 14.) History: P.A. 16-97 effective July 1, 2017.

Conn. Gen. Stat. § 34-243n Registered agent.

34-243n. Registered agent. (a) Each limited liability company and each registered foreign limited liability company shall designate and maintain a registered agent in this state. The designation of a registered agent is an affirmation of fact by the limited liability company or registered foreign limited liability company that the agent has consented to serve as agent. (b) The registered agent for a limited liability company shall be a: (1) Natural person who is a resident of this state; (2) Corporation formed under the laws of this state; (3) Foreign corporation that has procured a certificate of authority to transact business or conduct its affairs in this state; (4) Limited liability company; (5) Registered foreign limited liability company; (6) Registered limited liability partnership organized under the laws of this state; (7) Registered limited liability partnership that is not organized under the laws of this state and that has procured a certificate of authority to transact business or conduct its affairs in this state; (8) Statutory trust organized under the laws of this state; or (9) Statutory trust that is not organized under the laws of this state and that has procured a certificate of registration to transact business or conduct its affairs in this state. (c) The registered agent for a registered foreign limited liability company shall be: (1) The Secretary of the State and his or her successors in office; (2) A natural person who is a resident of this state; (3) A corporation formed under the laws of this state; (4) A foreign corporation that has procured a certificate of authority to transact business or conduct its affairs in this state; (5) A limited liability company; (6) A registered foreign limited liability company; (7) A registered limited liability partnership organized under the laws of this state; (8) A registered limited liability partnership that is not organized under the laws of this state and that has procured a certificate of authority to transact business or conduct its affairs in this state; (9) A statutory trust organized under the laws of this state; or (10) A statutory trust that is not organized under the laws of this state and that has procured a certificate of registration to transact business or conduct its affairs in this state. (d) A limited liability company's or a registered foreign limited liability company's registered agent shall be appointed by filing with the Secretary of the State a written appointment in such form as the Secretary of the State shall prescribe setting forth: (1) The name of the limited liability company or registered foreign limited liability company; (2) the name of the registered agent; and (3) (A) if the registered agent is a natural person, the business and residence addresses thereof; (B) if the registered agent is an entity organized under the laws of this state, the address of the principal office thereof; or (C) if the registered agent is an entity that is not organized under the laws of this state, the address of the principal office thereof in this state, if any. In each case set forth in subparagraph (A), (B) or (C) of subdivision (3) of this subsection, the address shall include the street and number or other particular designation. Each written appointment shall also be signed by, if other than the Secretary of the State, the registered agent therein appointed. (e) A registered agent for a limited liability company or registered foreign limited liability company shall have a place of business in this state. (f) The only duties under sections 34-243 to 34-283d, inclusive, of a registered agent that has complied with sections 34-243 to 34-283d, inclusive, are: (1) To forward to the limited liability company or registered foreign limited liability company at the address most recently supplied to the agent by the limited liability company or registered foreign limited liability company any process, notice or demand pertaining to the limited liability company or registered foreign limited liability company that is served on or received by the agent; (2) if the registered agent resigns, to provide the notice required by subsection (c) of section 34-243p to the limited liability company or registered foreign limited liability company at the address most recently supplied to the agent by the limited liability company or registered foreign limited liability company; and (3) if the registered agent changes its name or address, to provide the notice required by section 34-243q. (P.A. 16-97, S. 15.) History: P.A. 16-97 effective July 1, 2017.

Conn. Gen. Stat. § 34-243o Change of registered agent or address for registered agent by limited liability company.

34-243o. Change of registered agent or address for registered agent by limited liability company. (a) A limited liability company or registered foreign limited liability company may change the address of its registered agent or appoint a new registered agent by delivering to the Secretary of the State for filing a change of address of agent certificate or a change of agent certificate containing all of the following: (1) The name of the limited liability company or registered foreign limited liability company; (2) if the address of the registered agent is to be changed, the information required by subsection (f) of section 34-243n; and (3) if a new registered agent is to be appointed, the information required by subdivisions (2) and (3) of subsection (d) of section 34-243n, which change of agent certificate must be signed by, if other than the Secretary of the State, the registered agent appointed in the certificate. (b) The members or managers of a limited liability company need not approve the delivery to the Secretary of the State for filing of a: (1) Change of address of agent certificate or a change of agent certificate under this section; or (2) similar filing changing the registered agent or registered office, if any, of the limited liability company in any other jurisdiction. (c) A change of agent certificate filed under this section designating a new registered agent is an affirmation of fact by the limited liability company or registered foreign limited liability company that the agent has consented to serve. (P.A. 16-97, S. 16.) History: P.A. 16-97 effective July 1, 2017.

Conn. Gen. Stat. § 34-243p Resignation of registered agent.

34-243p. Resignation of registered agent. (a) A registered agent may resign as an agent for a limited liability company or registered foreign limited liability company by delivering to the Secretary of the State for filing a certificate of resignation that states: (1) The name of the limited liability company or registered foreign limited liability company; (2) the name of the agent; (3) that the agent resigns from serving as registered agent for the limited liability company or registered foreign limited liability company; and (4) the address of the limited liability company or registered foreign limited liability company to which the agent will send the notice required by subsection (c) of this section. (b) A certificate of resignation takes effect on the earlier of: (1) The thirty-first day after the day on which it is filed by the Secretary of the State; or (2) the date a new registered agent is designated for the limited liability company or registered foreign limited liability company. (c) A registered agent shall immediately furnish to the limited liability company or registered foreign limited liability company notice in a record of the date on which the certificate of resignation was filed. (d) When a certificate of resignation takes effect, the registered agent ceases to have responsibility under sections 34-243 to 34-283d, inclusive, for any matter thereafter tendered to it as agent for the limited liability company or registered foreign limited liability company. The resignation does not affect any contractual rights the limited liability company or registered foreign limited liability company has against the agent or that the agent has against the limited liability company or registered foreign limited liability company. (P.A. 16-97, S. 17; P.A. 17-108, S. 27.) History: P.A. 16-97 effective July 1, 2017; P.A. 17-108 deleted former Subsec. (e) re resignation of registered agent whether or not limited liability company or registered foreign limited liability company is in good standing, effective July 1, 2017.

Conn. Gen. Stat. § 34-243q Change of name or address by registered agent.

34-243q. Change of name or address by registered agent. (a) If a registered agent changes its name or address, the agent shall, not later than thirty days after such change, deliver to the Secretary of the State for filing a certificate of change that states: (1) The name of the agent as currently shown in the records of the Secretary of the State for the company or foreign company; (2) if the name of the agent has changed, its new name; and (3) if the address of the agent has changed, its new address. (b) A registered agent shall, not later than thirty days after such certificate of change is filed, furnish notice to the represented limited liability company or registered foreign limited liability company of the filing by the Secretary of the State of the certificate of change and the changes made by the certificate. (P.A. 16-97, S. 18.) History: P.A. 16-97 effective July 1, 2017.

Conn. Gen. Stat. § 34-243r Service of process, notice or demand.

34-243r. Service of process, notice or demand. (a) A limited liability company or registered foreign limited liability company may be served with any process, notice or demand required or permitted by law by any proper officer or other person lawfully empowered to make service leaving a true and attested copy with (1) such company's registered agent, or in the case of an agent who is a natural person, at his or her usual place of abode in this state, or (2) a manager or member of such company, or at his or her usual place of abode in this state. (b) When the Secretary of the State and the Secretary of the State's successors in office have been appointed a foreign limited liability company's agent for service of process, the foreign limited liability company may be served by any proper officer or other person lawfully empowered to make service leaving two true and attested copies of such process together with the required fee at the office of the Secretary of the State or depositing the same in the United States mail, by registered or certified mail, postage prepaid, addressed to said office. The Secretary of the State shall file one copy of such process and keep a record of the date and hour of such receipt, and, within two business days after such service, forward by registered or certified mail the other copy of such process to the foreign limited liability company at the address of the office designated in the application for registration filed pursuant to subdivision (4) of section 34-275b. Service so made shall be effective as of the date and hour received by the Secretary of the State as shown on the Secretary of the State's records. (c) If a limited liability company or registered foreign limited liability company ceases to have a registered agent, or if its registered agent cannot with reasonable diligence be served by any proper officer or other person lawfully empowered to make service, the company or foreign company may be served by registered or certified mail, return receipt requested, or by similar commercial delivery service, addressed to the company or foreign company at its principal office or its mailing address. The address of the principal office or its mailing address shall be as shown on the company's or foreign company's most recent annual report filed by the Secretary of the State. Service is effected under this subsection on the earliest of: (1) The date the company or foreign company receives the mail or delivery by the commercial delivery service; (2) the date shown on the return receipt, if signed by the company or foreign company; or (3) five days after its deposit with the United States Postal Service, or with the commercial delivery service, if correctly addressed and with sufficient postage or payment. (d) If process, notice or demand cannot be served on a limited liability company or registered foreign limited liability company pursuant to subsection (a) or (b) of this section, service may be made by any proper officer or other person lawfully empowered to make service handing a copy to (1) the manager of such company, or (2) the individual in charge of any regular place of business or activity of the company or foreign company if the individual served is not a plaintiff in the action. (e) Service of process, notice or demand on a registered agent shall be in a written record. (f) Service of process, notice or demand may be made by other means under law other than the provisions of sections 34-243 to 34-283d, inclusive. (P.A. 16-97, S. 19; P.A. 19-41, S. 3; P.A. 25-78, S. 11.) History: P.A. 16-97 effective July 1, 2017; P.A. 19-41 amended Subsec. (a) by replacing “serving its registered agent” with “any proper officer or other person lawfully empowered to make service leaving a true and attested copy with such company's registered agent, or at his or her usual place of abode in this state”, amended Subsecs. (c) and (d) by adding “any proper officer or other person lawfully empowered to make service” and made technical changes; P.A. 25-78 amended Subsec. (a) by redesignating existing provision re service on company's registered agent as Subdiv. (1) and amended same by adding “in the case of an agent who is a natural person,” service permitted at usual place of abode in this state, added Subdiv. (2) re service on member or manager of company at usual place of abode in this state, amended Subsec. (c) adding reference to mailing address of principal office and amended Subsec. (d) by redesignating existing provision re handing a copy to individual in charge as Subdiv. (2) and adding Subdiv. (1) re handing a copy to “the manager of such company”.

Conn. Gen. Stat. § 34-243s Delivery of record.

34-243s. Delivery of record. (a) Except as provided in sections 34-243 to 34-283d, inclusive, permissible means of delivery of a record include delivery by hand, mail, conventional commercial practice and electronic transmission. (b) Delivery to the Secretary of the State is effective only when a record is received by the Secretary of the State. (P.A. 16-97, S. 20.) History: P.A. 16-97 effective July 1, 2017.

Conn. Gen. Stat. § 34-243t Reservation of power to amend or repeal.

34-243t. Reservation of power to amend or repeal. The Connecticut General Assembly has power to amend or repeal all or part of sections 34-243 to 34-283d, inclusive, at any time, and all limited liability companies and foreign limited liability companies subject to sections 34-243 to 34-283d, inclusive, are governed by such amendment or repeal. (P.A. 16-97, S. 21.) History: P.A. 16-97 effective July 1, 2017.

Conn. Gen. Stat. § 34-243u Fees payable to Secretary of the State. Sales tax not imposed.

34-243u. Fees payable to Secretary of the State. Sales tax not imposed. The Secretary of the State shall charge and collect the following fees and remit them to the Treasurer for the use of the state: (a) Fees for filing documents and issuing certificates: (1) Filing an application to reserve a limited liability company name or to cancel a reserved limited liability company name, sixty dollars; (2) filing a transfer of reserved limited liability company name, sixty dollars; (3) filing a certificate of organization, including appointment of registered agent, one hundred twenty dollars; (4) filing a change of address of agent certificate or change of agent certificate, fifty dollars; (5) filing a notice of resignation of registered agent, fifty dollars; (6) filing an amendment to certificate of organization, one hundred twenty dollars; (7) filing a restated certificate of organization, one hundred twenty dollars; (8) filing a certificate of merger, sixty dollars; (9) filing a certificate of interest exchange, sixty dollars; (10) filing a certificate of abandonment, fifty dollars; (11) filing a certificate of reinstatement, one hundred twenty dollars; (12) filing a foreign registration certificate by a foreign limited liability company to transact business in this state, one hundred twenty dollars; (13) filing an application of foreign limited liability company for amended foreign registration certificate, one hundred twenty dollars; (14) filing a certificate of withdrawal of registration under section 34-275h, one hundred twenty dollars; (15) filing an annual report, (A) concerning any year prior to July 1, 2020, twenty dollars, and (B) concerning any year on or after July 1, 2020, eighty dollars; (16) filing an interim notice of change of manager or member, twenty dollars; (17) filing a registration of name or a renewal of registration of name, sixty dollars; (18) filing a statement of correction, one hundred dollars; and (19) filing a transfer of registration, sixty dollars plus the qualification fee. (b) Miscellaneous charges: (1) At the time of any service of process on the Secretary of the State as registered agent of a limited liability company, which amount may be recovered as taxable costs by the party to the suit or action causing such service to be made if such party prevails in the suit or action, the plaintiff in the process so served shall pay fifty dollars; (2) for preparing and furnishing a copy of any document, instrument or paper filed or recorded relating to a limited liability company: For each copy of each such document thereof regardless of the number of pages, forty dollars; for affixing his certification thereto, fifteen dollars; (3) for the issuance of a certificate of legal existence of a domestic or registered foreign limited liability company, fifty dollars; (4) for the issuance of a certificate of legal existence of a domestic or registered foreign limited liability company which certificate may reflect any and all changes of limited liability company names and the dates of filing thereof, fifty dollars; (5) for the issuance of a certificate of legal existence of a domestic limited liability company reflecting certificates effecting fundamental changes to certificate of organization and the date or dates of filing thereof, one hundred dollars; and (6) for other services for which fees are not provided by the general statutes, the Secretary of the State may charge such fees as will, in the judgment of the Secretary of the State, cover the cost of the services provided. (c) The tax imposed under chapter 219 shall not be imposed upon any transaction for which a fee is charged under the provisions of this section. (P.A. 16-97, S. 22; P.A. 17-108, S. 28; P.A. 19-117, S. 345; P.A. 21-201, S. 5.) History: P.A. 16-97 effective July 1, 2017; P.A. 17-108 amended Subsec. (a) by replacing “registration statement” with “registration certificate” in Subdivs. (12) and (13), replacing “statement of withdrawal of foreign limited liability company” with “certificate of withdrawal of registration under section 34-275h” in Subdiv. (14), and replacing “removal of registration” with “renewal of registration” in Subdiv. (17), and amended Subsec. (b) by replacing “certification of legal existence of a domestic limited liability company” with “certificate of legal existence of a domestic or registered foreign limited liability company” in Subdiv. (3), adding “of a domestic or registered foreign limited liability company” in Subdiv. (4), adding “of a domestic limited liability company”, and replacing “articles” with “certificates” in Subdiv. (5), effective July 1, 2017; P.A. 19-117 amended Subsec. (a)(15) by increasing annual report filing fee from $20 to $80 on or after July 1, 2020, effective July 1, 2019; P.A. 21-201 amended Subsec. (a)(15) by adding “concerning any year” re annual report filing fee, effective July 13, 2021.

Conn. Gen. Stat. § 34-243v Taxation.

34-243v. Taxation. A limited liability company formed under sections 34-243 to 34-283d, inclusive, or a foreign limited liability company transacting business in this state pursuant to the provisions of said sections shall be treated, for purposes of taxes imposed by the laws of the state or any political subdivision thereof, in accordance with the classification for federal tax purposes. (P.A. 16-97, S. 23.) History: P.A. 16-97 effective July 1, 2017.

Conn. Gen. Stat. § 34-243w Savings clause.

34-243w. Savings clause. The repeal of sections 34-100 to 34-113, inclusive, 34-119 to 34-124, inclusive, 34-130 to 34-134, inclusive, 34-140 to 34-144, inclusive, 34-150 to 34-152, inclusive, 34-158 to 34-161, inclusive, 34-167 to 34-173, inclusive, 34-179, 34-180, 34-186, 34-187, 34-193 to 34-198, inclusive, 34-206 to 34-216, inclusive, 34-222 to 34-236, inclusive, 34-241 and 34-242 by sections 110 and 111 of public act 16-97 do not affect: (1) The operation of the statute or any action taken under it before its repeal; (2) any ratification, right, remedy, privilege, obligation or liability acquired, accrued or incurred under the statute before its repeal; (3) any violation of the statute, or any penalty, forfeiture or punishment incurred because of the violation, before its repeal; or (4) any proceeding, reorganization or dissolution commenced under the statute before its repeal, and the proceeding, reorganization or dissolution may be completed in accordance with the statute as if it had not been repealed. (P.A. 16-97, S. 24.) History: P.A. 16-97 effective July 1, 2017.

Conn. Gen. Stat. § 34-243x Interrogatories by Secretary of the State.

34-243x. Interrogatories by Secretary of the State. (a) The Secretary of the State may propound to any limited liability company subject to the provisions of sections 34-243 to 34-283d, inclusive, domestic or foreign, and to any member or manager thereof, interrogatories as may be reasonably necessary and proper to enable the Secretary to ascertain whether such limited liability company has complied with the provisions of said sections applicable to such limited liability company. Such interrogatories shall be answered within thirty days after the mailing thereof, or within such additional time as shall be fixed by the Secretary of the State, and the answers thereto shall be full and complete and shall be made in writing and under oath. If such interrogatories are directed to an individual, they shall be answered by such individual, and, if directed to a limited liability company, they shall be answered by any member or manager thereof. (b) Each limited liability company, domestic or foreign, and each member or manager of a limited liability company, domestic or foreign, failing or refusing within the time prescribed by this section to answer truthfully and fully interrogatories duly propounded to such company, member or manager by the Secretary of the State as provided in subsection (a) of this section shall be fined not more than five hundred dollars. (c) Interrogatories propounded by the Secretary of the State and the answers thereto shall not be open to public inspection nor shall the Secretary of the State disclose any facts or information obtained therefrom except insofar as the Secretary's official duty may require the same to be made public or if such interrogatories or the answers thereto are required for evidence in any criminal proceedings or in any other action by this state. (P.A. 24-111, S. 44.) History: P.A. 24-111 effective June 4, 2024 (Revisor's note: A reference to Sec. 34-299 in the introductory phrase in Subsec. (a) was changed editorially by the Revisors to Sec. 34-283d for accuracy and consistency with customary usage).

Conn. Gen. Stat. § 34-243y Powers of Secretary of the State.

34-243y. Powers of Secretary of the State. The Secretary of the State has the power reasonably necessary to perform the duties required of the Secretary by sections 34-243 to 34-283d, inclusive. (P.A. 24-111, S. 43.) History: P.A. 24-111 effective June 4, 2024 (Revisor's note: A reference to Sec. 34-299 was changed editorially by the Revisors to Sec. 34-283d for accuracy and consistency with customary usage).

Conn. Gen. Stat. §§ 34-244 to 34-246

34-244 to 34-246. Reserved for future use.

Source: Connecticut General Assembly (cga.ct.gov)URL: https://www.cga.ct.gov/2026/sup/chap_613a.htmFetched: 10/20/2026