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Form a Business

LOCAL RESIDENTIAL HOUSING

K.S.A. ch. 12, art. 52
in effect

K.S.A. 12-5219 Title of act.

12-5219. Title of act. This act may be referred to as the "local residential housing finance law." L. 1982, ch. 60, § 1; April 22.

K.S.A. 12-5220 Legislative findings; declaration of necessity.

12-5220. Legislative findings; declaration of necessity. It is hereby found and declared that there exists within the state of Kansas a serious shortage of decent, safe and sanitary housing which persons and families of low and moderate income can afford. It is hereby further declared that: (a) Such shortage is injurious to the safety, health and welfare of the citizens and residents of this state; (b) the cost of financing such additional housing is a major and substantial factor affecting the supply and availability of decent, safe and sanitary housing within the financial means of persons and families of low and moderate income; (c) the shortage of such housing is not transitory and self-curing and the resources of private enterprise are not adequate to provide necessary additional decent, safe and sanitary housing which will be within the financial resources of persons and families of low and moderate income; (d) the construction of additional residential housing is closely correlated with general economic activity and the availability of residential housing which persons of low and moderate income can afford will assist materially in promoting and maintaining full employment and promoting the economic development of the state of Kansas and of cities and counties within the state; (e) it is necessary and in the best interests of the state and of the cities and counties in the state: (1) To provide for and promote the public health, safety and welfare; (2) to encourage the expansion of industrial and commercial activities and the economic development of the state's cities and counties; and (3) to assist persons and families of low and moderate income in acquiring, owning and occupying decent, safe and sanitary housing which they can afford; (f) an adequate supply of decent, safe and sanitary residential housing is essential to the promotion of increased productivity of the residents of the cities and counties of the state, for retaining existing industry and commercial activities near or within the cities and counties in the state, and for attracting additional industry and commercial activities to the cities and counties in the state, thereby enhancing the economic development of the state; (g) in order to remedy the existing shortage of residential housing within the financial means of persons and families of low and moderate income and to realize the social, economic and other benefits which will result therefrom, it is necessary and desirable to provide for the implementation of public programs designed to provide alternative means of financing the acquisition, rehabilitation, improvement and purchase of safe, decent and sanitary housing by persons and families of low and moderate income; (h) it is necessary and desirable that the state's cities and counties be authorized to issue revenue bonds to provide funds necessary, in whole or in part, to reduce the costs of financing the acquisition, rehabilitation, improvement and purchase of safe, decent and sanitary housing by persons and families of low and moderate income; (i) the implementation of such programs and the issuance of revenue bonds pursuant to this act are in the public interest and constitute essential governmental functions of cities and counties of the state. L. 1982, ch. 60, § 2; L. 1983, ch. 71, § 1; May 5.

K.S.A. 12-5221 Definitions.

12-5221. Definitions. Whenever used in this act, the following words and terms shall have the following respective meanings unless different meanings clearly appear from the context: (a) "Bonds" means any revenue bonds or notes authorized under this act and payable as provided hereunder. (b) "City" means any city organized and existing under the laws of the state of Kansas. (c) "Condominium" means any condominium as defined in K.S.A. 58-3102 . (d) "County" means any county in the state of Kansas. (e) "Solar energy system" means any solar energy system as defined in subsection (a) of K.S.A. 79-32,169 , and amendments thereto. (f) "Governing body" means the city council or city commission of a city or the board of county commissioners of a county. (g) "Home" (1) means (A) a one- to four-family residence; (B) a condominium; (C) a manufactured home, as defined by K.S.A. 58-4202 , and amendments thereto; or (D) a mobile home, as defined by K.S.A. 58-4202 , and amendments thereto, having a permanent foundation which may not be removed intact from the land; and (2) consists of the land and improvements thereon, located within a city or county and which is either owned and occupied or is owned and is to be occupied by the mortgagor, and in the case of a two- to four-family residence, one unit of the residence shall be either owned and occupied or is owned and is to be occupied by the mortgagor. (h) "Home mortgage loan" means an interest-bearing loan to a mortgagor evidenced by a promissory note and secured by a mortgage, purchased or originated in accordance with this act: (1) Made for the purpose of acquiring a home; or (2) made for the purpose of acquiring and rehabilitating a home; or (3) made for the purpose of paying the costs of rehabilitating or improving a home. No city or county shall fix or establish any minimum home value for the purpose of limiting loan eligibility for a home mortgage loan under the provisions of this act. (i) "Lender" means any lending institution participating in a residential housing finance plan as the originator of home mortgage loans or as a servicing agent for home mortgage loans. (j) "Lending institution" means any bank, bank holding company, credit union, trust company, savings bank, national banking association, savings and loan association, building and loan association, mortgage banker or other financial institution which customarily provides service or otherwise aids in the financing of home mortgages, or any holding company for any of the foregoing. (k) "Mortgagor" means any person of low and moderate income who has received or qualifies to receive a home mortgage loan on a home. (l) "Ordinance" means an ordinance adopted and approved by the governing body of a city or a resolution adopted and approved by the board of county commissioners of a county. (m) "Person" means a natural person or a trust for the benefit of a natural person. (n) "Persons of low and moderate income" means a person or family, consisting of one or more persons all of whom occupy or will occupy the home, whose aggregate gross income including the gross income of any cosigner or guarantor of the promissory note made in connection with the making of a home mortgage loan shall not exceed a maximum amount to be established by the city or county subject to the limitations provided herein, and determined in accordance with appropriate criteria, rules and regulations, approved by the governing body of a city or county in connection with the implementation of a residential housing finance plan. (o) "Residential housing finance plan" means a program implemented under this act by a city or county to assist persons of low and moderate income in acquiring safe, decent and sanitary housing which they can afford. Such plan shall include provisions allowing each lending institution with an office located within the limits of the issuing city or county, or any city or county signatory to a cooperative agreement, pursuant to K.S.A. 12-5231 , and amendments thereto, an equal opportunity to participate in accordance with standards and requirements established by such city or county. L. 1982, ch. 60, § 3; L. 1983, ch. 71, § 2; L. 1991, ch. 33, § 27; July 1.

K.S.A. 12-5222 Powers of cities and counties.

12-5222. Powers of cities and counties. In addition to powers which a city or county may have, cities and counties shall have all powers necessary to accomplish the purposes of this act including, but not limited to, the following: (a) To acquire, and to contract and enter into advance commitments to acquire, home mortgage loans owned by lending institutions at such prices and upon such other terms and conditions determined by such city or county or such other person as it may designate as its agent; (b) to make and execute contracts with lending institutions for the origination and servicing of home mortgage loans on behalf of a city or county and to pay the reasonable value of services rendered in accordance with such contracts; (c) to make loans to lenders to enable such lenders to make home mortgage loans in accordance with this act; (d) to establish, by rules or regulations, by ordinances relating to any issuance of bonds or in any financing documents relating to such issuance, such standards and requirements applicable to the purchase of home mortgage loans or the origination of home mortgage loans or loans to lenders as such city or county deems necessary or desirable to effectuate the public purposes of this act; (e) to issue its bonds to defray, in whole or in part: (1) The costs of acquiring or originating home mortgage loans or making loans to lenders in order to enable them to make home mortgage loans for homes to be occupied by mortgagors; (2) the costs of studies and surveys, insurance premiums, underwriting fees, legal, accounting and marketing services incurred in connection with the issuance and sale of such bonds, including amounts required to establish reasonably necessary bond and interest reserve accounts, and trustee, custodian and rating agency fees; and (3) such other costs as are reasonably related to the foregoing; (f) to authorize the sale or other disposition of any home mortgage loan, in whole or in part, upon such terms, at such prices and times, and from time to time, as may be necessary to assure that the revenues and receipts to be derived with respect to the home mortgage loans, together with any insurance proceeds, funds held in reserve accounts and earnings thereon, shall produce and provide revenues and receipts at least sufficient to provide for the prompt payment of the principal of, redemption premiums, if any, and interest at maturity of all bonds issued pursuant to this act; (g) to pledge any revenues and receipts to be received from or in connection with any home mortgage loans to the punctual payment of bonds authorized under this act, and the interest and redemption premiums, if any, thereon; (h) to mortgage, pledge or grant security interests in any home mortgage loans, notes or other property in favor of the holder or holders of bonds issued therefor; (i) to issue its bonds for the purpose of refunding one or more times, in whole or in part, bonds theretofore issued by such municipality pursuant to the constitution or laws of the state of Kansas to finance the origination or acquisition of mortgage loans for one to four family residences; (j) to appoint or designate a bank or trust company either within or without the state to serve as trustee or custodian for the benefit of the bondholders and to delegate and assign thereto, insofar as it may lawfully do so, its rights, duties and responsibilities with respect to carrying out and enforcing the terms and provisions of its residential housing finance plan; (k) to provide for and authorize the use and disposition of any funds remaining in the possession of the city or county, or trustee or custodian designated by such city or county, following payment and retirement of any bonds issued pursuant to this act; and (l) to make and execute contracts and other instruments necessary or convenient to the exercise of any of the powers granted herein. L. 1982, ch. 60, § 4; L. 1983, ch. 71, § 3; L. 1986, ch. 86, § 1; L. 1991, ch. 62, § 1; April 25.

K.S.A. 12-5224 Bonds; adoption of ordinance; interest rate; terms and conditions.

12-5224. Bonds; adoption of ordinance; interest rate; terms and conditions. The exercise of any or all powers granted by this act shall be authorized and the bonds shall be authorized to be issued under this act for the purposes set forth in this act, by an ordinance or resolution adopted by the governing body of a city or county and shall take effect immediately upon adoption and publication once in the official newspaper of such city or county. Any such ordinance or resolution shall set forth a finding and declaration: (a) Of the public purpose therefor; and (b) that such ordinance or resolution is adopted pursuant to this act, which finding and declaration shall be conclusive evidence of the existence and sufficiency of the public purpose and of the power to carry out and give effect to such public purposes. The bonds shall bear interest at such rate or rates, may be payable at such times, may be in one or more series, may bear such date or dates, may mature at such time or times not exceeding 40 years from their respective dates, may be payable in such medium of payment at such place or places, may carry such registration privileges, may be subject to such terms of redemption at such premiums, may be executed in such manner, may contain such terms, covenants and conditions and may be in such form, either coupon or registered, as the governing body shall provide. The bonds may be sold at public or private sale, in such manner, at such prices and upon such terms as may be authorized by the governing body. Pending the preparation of definitive bonds, interim receipts or certificates in such form and with such provisions as may be authorized by the governing body, may be issued to the purchaser or purchasers of bonds sold pursuant to this act. The bonds and interim receipts or certificates shall be deemed to be securities and negotiable instruments within the meaning and for all purposes of the uniform commercial code. L. 1982, ch. 60, § 6; L. 1983, ch. 71, § 4; May 5.

K.S.A. 12-5225 Ordinance authorizing issuance of bonds; covenants.

12-5225. Ordinance authorizing issuance of bonds; covenants. Any ordinance authorizing the issuance of the bonds under this act may contain covenants regarding (a) the use and disposition of the revenues and receipts from any home mortgage loans for which the bonds are to be issued, including the creation and maintenance of such reasonable and adequate reserves as the governing body may determine; (b) the insurance to be carried on any home mortgage loan or bonds and the use and disposition of the proceeds of such insurance; (c) the appointment of one or more state or national banks or trust companies within or without the state, having the necessary trust powers, as trustee or custodian for the benefit of the bondholders, paying agent or bond registrar; (d) the investment of any funds held by such trustee or custodian; (e) the maximum interest rate payable on any home mortgage loan; and (f) the terms and conditions upon which the holders of the bonds or any portion thereof, or any trustees therefor, are entitled to the appointment of a receiver by a court of competent jurisdiction, and the terms and conditions may provide that the receiver may take possession of the home mortgage loans or any part thereof and maintain, sell or otherwise dispose of such home mortgage loans, prescribe other payments and collect, receive and apply all income and revenues thereafter derived therefrom. An ordinance authorizing the issuance of bonds under this act may provide that payment of the principal of and interest on any bonds issued under this act shall be secured by a mortgage, pledge, security interest, insurance agreement or indenture of trust of or with respect to such home mortgage loans and a lien upon the revenues and receipts derived therefrom or from any notes or other obligations of lending institutions, with respect to which the bonds are issued. Such mortgage, pledge, security interest, insurance agreement or indenture of trust may contain such covenants and agreements as may be necessary or appropriate to safeguard the interests of the holders of the bonds and shall be executed in the manner authorized by the ordinance authorizing the bonds. The provisions of this act and any such ordinance and any such mortgage, pledge, security interest, insurance agreement or indenture of trust shall constitute a contract with the holder or holders of the bonds and continue in effect until the principal of, the interest on, and the redemption premiums, if any, on the bonds have been fully paid or provision made for the payment thereof, and the duties of the city or county and its corporate authorities and officers under this act and any such ordinance and any such mortgage, pledge, security interest, insurance agreement or indenture of trust shall be enforceable as provided therein by any bondholder by mandamus, foreclosure of any such mortgage, pledge, security interest or indenture of trust or other appropriate suit, action or proceeding in any court of competent jurisdiction; provided the ordinance or any mortgage, pledge, security interest, insurance agreement or indenture of trust under which the bonds are issued may provide that all such remedies and rights to enforcement may be vested in a trustee, with full power of appointment, for the benefit of all the bondholders, which trustee shall be subject to the control of such number of holders or owners of any outstanding bonds as provided therein. L. 1982, ch. 60, § 7; L. 1983, ch. 71, § 5; May 5.

K.S.A. 12-5226 Bonds; signatures of officers; validity.

12-5226. Bonds; signatures of officers; validity. The bonds shall bear the manual or facsimile signatures of such officers of a city or county as may be designated in the ordinance authorizing such bonds and such signatures shall constitute the valid and binding signatures of such officers, notwithstanding that before the delivery thereof and payment therefor any or all of the persons whose signatures appear thereon have ceased to be officers of such city or county. The validity of the bonds shall not be dependent on nor affected by the validity or regularity of any proceedings relating to the home mortgage loans acquired or made from proceeds of the bonds. The ordinance authorizing the bonds may provide that the bonds shall contain a recital that they are issued pursuant to this act, which recital shall be conclusive evidence of their validity and of the regularity of their issuance. L. 1982, ch. 60, § 8; April 22.

K.S.A. 12-5227 Pledge of bonds.

12-5227. Pledge of bonds. Any pledge made to secure bonds shall be valid and binding from the time when the pledge is made. The revenues and receipts or property or interests in property pledged and thereafter received by a city or county, trustee or custodian shall immediately be subject to the lien of such pledge without any physical delivery thereof or further act, and the lien of any such pledge shall be valid and binding as against all parties having claims of any kind in tort, contract or otherwise against such city or county, trustee or custodian, irrespective of whether the parties have notice thereof. Neither the ordinance, nor any other instrument by which a pledge is created, need be recorded. L. 1982, ch. 60, § 9; April 22.

K.S.A. 12-5228 Payment of bonds; bonded debt limitations inapplicable.

12-5228. Payment of bonds; bonded debt limitations inapplicable. All bonds issued under and pursuant to this act shall be limited obligations of the city or county issuing the same, payable solely from the revenues and receipts derived from the home mortgage loans or from any notes or other obligations of persons with respect to which such bonds are issued and secured by a mortgage, pledge, security interest, insurance agreement or indenture of trust of or with respect to such home mortgage loans. No city or county shall have any right or authority to levy taxes to pay any of the principal of, redemption premium, if any, or interest on any bonds issued pursuant to this act or any judgment against a city or county on account thereof. No holder of any bonds issued under this act shall have the right to compel any exercise of the taxing power of a city or county to pay the bonds, the interest or redemption premium, if any, thereon, and the bonds shall not constitute an indebtedness of such city or county, or a loan of the faith and credit thereof, within the meaning of any constitutional or statutory provision, nor shall the bonds be construed to create any moral obligation on the part of such city or county to provide for the payment of such bonds. It shall be plainly stated on the face of each bond that it has been issued under the provisions of this act and that it does not constitute an indebtedness of the city or county, or a loan of the faith and credit thereof, within the meaning of any constitutional or statutory provisions. Bonds may be issued pursuant to this act without regard to any statutory limitations of bonded indebtedness and shall not be included in computing the total bonded indebtedness of any city or county within the meaning of other statutes limiting such bonded indebtedness. L. 1982, ch. 60, § 10; April 22.

K.S.A. 12-5229 Same; no personal liability.

12-5229. Same; no personal liability. Neither the members of the governing body of a city or county, nor any official or employee thereof, nor any person executing bonds issued under this act shall be liable personally for payment of the bonds or the interest or redemption premium, if any, thereon or be subject to any personal liability or accountability by reason of the issuance thereof. L. 1982, ch. 60, § 11; April 22.

K.S.A. 12-5230 Bonds tax exempt.

12-5230. Bonds tax exempt. Any bond issued under the provisions of this act, together with the interest thereon and income therefrom, shall be exempt from all taxes levied by the state of Kansas or any political or taxing subdivision thereof. L. 1982, ch. 60, § 12; April 22.

K.S.A. 12-5231 Interlocal cooperation; limitations.

12-5231. Interlocal cooperation; limitations. (a) One or more cities or one or more counties or cities and counties may join together or cooperate with one another in the exercise, either jointly or otherwise, of any one or more of the powers conferred upon cities and counties under this act. Such joint or cooperative action shall be taken only in accordance with and pursuant to a written agreement entered into between or among such cooperating cities or counties in such form approved by the governing bodies thereof. (b) In no event, however, shall any county or counties engage in any act or exercise any of the authority or powers conferred by this act within, or with respect to any property located within, the corporate boundaries of any city in the absence of an agreement with such city. L. 1982, ch. 60, § 13; L. 1983, ch. 71, § 6; May 5. Law Review and Bar Journal References: "Cooperation By Contract: Interlocal Agreements", Theresa Marcel Nuckols, 59 J.K.B.A. No. 3, 25 (1990).

K.S.A. 12-5232 Bonds as legal investments.

12-5232. Bonds as legal investments. Notwithstanding any other provision of law, bonds issued pursuant to this act shall be legal investments for all trust funds, insurance companies, savings and loan associations, investment companies and banks, both savings and commercial, and shall be legal investments for executors, administrators, trustees and all other fiduciaries. Such bonds shall be legal investments for state school funds and for any funds which may be invested in county, municipal or school district bonds, and such bonds shall be deemed to be securities which may properly and legally be deposited with, and received by, any state or municipal officer or by any agency or political subdivision of the state for any purpose for which the deposit of bonds or obligations of the state is now, or may hereafter, be authorized by law, including deposits to secure public funds. L. 1982, ch. 60, § 14; April 22.

K.S.A. 12-5233 Powers of cities and counties; federally assisted housing.

12-5233. Powers of cities and counties; federally assisted housing. The powers conferred by this act are in addition and supplemental to, and the limitations imposed by this act shall not affect, the powers conferred upon municipalities under the provisions of the constitution or laws of the state of Kansas. Home mortgage loans may be acquired, purchased and financed, and bonds may be issued under this act for such purposes, notwithstanding that any other law may provide for the acquisition, purchase and financing of like home mortgage loans, or the issuance of bonds for like purposes, and such home mortgage loans may be made upon such terms and conditions and contain such provisions as the governing body of the city or county determines consistent with the provisions of this act notwithstanding and without regard to the requirements, restrictions, limitations or other provisions contained in any law or any other resolution. Nothing in this act shall be deemed or construed to prohibit the exercise of the powers conferred upon municipalities in connection with the financing of federally assisted housing for persons of low and moderate income. L. 1982, ch. 60, § 15; L. 1983, ch. 71, § 7; May 5.

K.S.A. 12-5234 Severability.

12-5234. Severability. The provisions of this act are severable and if any of its provisions, or any sentence, clause or paragraph, or the application thereof to any person or circumstance shall be held unconstitutional or invalid by any court of competent jurisdiction, the decision of such court shall not affect or impair any of the remaining provisions or the application thereof to persons or circumstances other than those as to which the same is held invalid. L. 1982, ch. 60, § 16; April 22.

K.S.A. 12-5235 Act liberally construed.

12-5235. Act liberally construed. This act is necessary for the health, welfare and safety of the state, its municipalities and its inhabitants; therefore, it shall be liberally construed to effect its purposes. L. 1982, ch. 60, § 17; April 22.

K.S.A. 12-5241 Citation of act.

12-5241. Citation of act. The provisions of K.S.A. 12-5241 through 12-5256 , and amendments thereto, and K.S.A. 2025 Supp. 12-5244a , and amendments thereto, shall be known and may be cited as the Kansas reinvestment housing incentive district act. L. 1998, ch. 66, § 1; L. 2023, ch. 68, § 2; May 4.

K.S.A. 12-5242 Reinvestment housing incentives; definitions.

12-5242. Reinvestment housing incentives; definitions. Except as otherwise provided, as used in K.S.A. 12-5241 through 12-5251 , and amendments thereto, and K.S.A. 12-5252 through 12-5258 , and amendments thereto: (a) "City" means the city of Topeka or any city incorporated in accordance with Kansas law: (1) With a population of less than 60,000, as certified to the secretary of state by the director of the division of the budget on the previous July 1 in accordance with K.S.A. 11-201 , and amendments thereto; (2) for the purposes of a project subject to K.S.A. 2025 Supp. 12-5244a , and amendments thereto, with a population of 60,000 or more, as certified to the secretary of state by the director of the budget on the previous July 1 in accordance with K.S.A. 11-201 , and amendments thereto, except the city of Topeka; or (3) for purposes of a project as defined in K.S.A. 12-5249 (a)(11), and amendments thereto, within a qualified census tract, "city" includes any city with a qualified census tract located within the city. (b) "City housing authority" means any agency of a city created pursuant to the municipal housing law, K.S.A. 17-2337 et seq., and amendments thereto. (c) "Corporation" means the Kansas housing resources corporation. (d) "County" means any county organized in accordance with K.S.A. 18-101 et seq., and amendments thereto: (1) With a population of less than 85,000, as certified to the secretary of state by the director of the division of the budget on the previous July 1 in accordance with K.S.A. 11-201 , and amendments thereto; or (2) for purposes of a project as defined in K.S.A. 12-5249 (a)(11), and amendments thereto, within a qualified census tract, "county" includes any county with a qualified census tract located within the county. (e) "Developer" means the person, firm or corporation responsible under an agreement with the governing body to develop housing or related public facilities in a district. (f) "District" means a reinvestment housing incentive district established in accordance with this act. (g) "Governing body" means the board of county commissioners of any county or the mayor and council, mayor and commissioners or board of commissioners, as the laws affecting the organization and status of cities affected may provide. (h) "Housing development activities" means the construction or rehabilitation of infrastructure necessary to support construction of new residential dwellings and the actual construction of such residential dwellings, if such construction is conducted by a city housing authority. (i) "Secretary" means the secretary of commerce of the state of Kansas. (j) "Qualified census tract" means an economically distressed urban area that is a qualified census tract as defined and designated by the United States department of housing and urban development. (k) "Real property taxes" means and includes all taxes levied on an ad valorem basis upon land and improvements thereon. (l) "Taxing subdivision" means the county, the city, the unified school district, and any other taxing subdivision levying real property taxes, the territory or jurisdiction of which includes any currently existing or subsequently created reinvestment housing incentive district. L. 1998, ch. 66, § 2; L. 2003, ch. 154, § 7; L. 2008, ch. 92, § 1; L. 2009, ch. 143, § 5; L. 2021, ch. 43, § 1; L. 2022, ch. 85, § 21; L. 2023, ch. 68, § 3; May 4. Cross References to Related Sections: Definition of "city" and "county," see also 12-5257.

K.S.A. 12-5243 Purpose of act.

12-5243. Purpose of act. It is hereby declared to be the purpose of this act to encourage the development and renovation of housing in cities and counties of Kansas by authorizing cities and counties to assist directly in the financing of public improvements that will support such housing in areas of Kansas that experience a shortage of housing. L. 1998, ch. 66, § 3; L. 2023, ch. 68, § 4; May 4.

K.S.A. 12-5244 Creation of incentive districts generally; resolution of required findings; review by secretary of commerce.

12-5244. Creation of incentive districts generally; resolution of required findings; review by secretary of commerce. (a) The governing body of any city or county is hereby authorized to designate reinvestment housing incentive districts within such city or county. Any city governing body may designate one or more such districts in such city, and any county governing body may designate one or more such districts in any part of the unincorporated territory of such county. Prior to making such a designation, the governing body shall conduct a housing needs analysis to determine what, if any, housing needs exist within its community. After conducting the analysis, the governing body shall adopt a resolution containing a legal description of the proposed district, a map depicting the existing parcels of real estate in the proposed district, and a statement of the following findings and determinations: (1) There is a shortage of quality housing of various price ranges in the city or county despite the best efforts of public and private housing developers; (2) the shortage of quality housing can be expected to persist and that additional financial incentives are necessary in order to encourage the private sector to construct or renovate housing in such city or county; (3) the shortage of quality housing is a substantial deterrent to the future economic growth and development of such city or county; and (4) the future economic well-being of the city or county depends on the governing body providing additional incentives for the construction or renovation of quality housing in such city or county. (b) The resolution containing the findings contained in subsection (a) shall be published at least once in the official newspaper of the city or county. (c) Upon publication of the resolution as provided in subsection (b), the governing body shall send a certified copy of the resolution to the secretary, requesting that the secretary review the resolution and advise the governing body whether the secretary agrees with the findings contained therein. If the secretary advises the governing body in writing that the secretary agrees with each of the findings of the governing body, the governing body may proceed to establish the district as set forth in this act. If the secretary fails to agree with the findings, the secretary shall advise the governing body in writing of the specific reasons therefor. L. 1998, ch. 66, § 4; L. 2023, ch. 68, § 5; May 4.

K.S.A. 12-5244a Creation of incentive districts in certain cities; limitations.

12-5244a. Creation of incentive districts in certain cities; limitations. (a) The governing body of any city that satisfies the definition of such term under K.S.A. 12-5242 (a)(2), and amendments thereto, is hereby authorized to designate reinvestment housing incentive districts within such city subject to the limitations of this section. Such city shall be subject to the provisions of K.S.A. 12-5244 through 12-5252 , and amendments thereto. (b) (1) The governing body of a city establishing a reinvestment housing incentive district under this section shall not: (A) Designate more than 100 units within such district as for-sale units in one year or more than 100 units within such district as for-rent units in one year; and (B) designate more than 50 units within such district associated with a single project as for-sale units in one year or more than 50 units within such district associated with a single project as for-rent units in one year. (2) Units designated as for-sale units may be redesignated as for-rent units by the governing body if such units have not been sold within six months after the certificate of occupancy is granted. (3) The governing body may designate for-sale and for-rent units for succeeding years as part of a proposed multi-phased, multi-year development plan adopted pursuant to K.S.A. 12-5246 , and amendments thereto. (c) The average size of each residence constructed per project within a reinvestment housing incentive district established under this section shall not exceed 1,650 square feet. The square footage shall be calculated excluding any garage area or other exterior area, such as porches, patios or unattached storage buildings. (d) The provisions of this section shall be a part of and supplemental to the Kansas reinvestment housing incentive district act. L. 2023, ch. 68, § 1; May 4.

K.S.A. 12-5245 Same; adoption of development or redevelopment plan; contents; hearing, notice.

12-5245. Same; adoption of development or redevelopment plan; contents; hearing, notice. (a) Upon receipt of the approval of the secretary as provided in K.S.A. 12-5244 (c), and amendments thereto, the governing body may proceed with the establishment of the district. Before doing so, the governing body shall adopt a plan for the development or redevelopment of housing and public facilities in the proposed district. Such plan may include plans for one or more projects, and the length of any individual project shall not exceed 25 years. The plan shall include, but not be limited to, the following: (1) The legal description and map required by K.S.A. 12-5244 (a), and amendments thereto; (2) the existing assessed valuation of the real estate in the proposed district, listing the land and improvement values separately; (3) a list of the names and addresses of the owners of record of all real estate parcels within the proposed district; (4) a description of the housing and public facilities project or projects that are proposed to be constructed or improved in the proposed district, and the location thereof; (5) a listing of the names, addresses and specific interests in real estate in the proposed district of the developers responsible for development of the housing and public facilities in the proposed district; (6) the contractual assurances, if any, the governing body has received from such developer or developers, guaranteeing the financial feasibility of specific housing tax incentive projects in the proposed district; and (7) a comprehensive analysis of the feasibility of providing housing tax incentives in the district, as provided in this act, that shows the public benefits derived from such district will exceed the costs and that the income therefrom, together with other sources of funding, will be sufficient to pay for the public improvements that may be undertaken in such district. If other sources of public or private funds are to be used to finance the improvements, they shall be identified in the analysis. (b) Prior to the adoption of the plan and designation of the district, the governing body shall adopt a resolution stating that the governing body is considering such action. The resolution shall provide notice that a public hearing will be held to consider the adoption of the plan and the designation of the district and contain the following elements: (1) The date, hour and place of the public hearing; (2) the contents of subsection (a)(1) through (4); (3) a summary of the contractual assurances by the developer and comprehensive feasibility analysis; (4) a statement that the plan is available for inspection at the office of the clerk of the city or county at normal business hours; and (5) a statement inviting members of the public to review the plan and attend the public hearing on the date announced in the resolution. (c) The date fixed for the public hearing shall be not less than 30 nor more than 70 days following the date of the adoption of the resolution. The resolution shall be published at least once in the official newspaper of the city or county, with the final publication being not less than one week or more than two weeks preceding the date fixed for the public hearing. (d) A certified copy of the resolution shall be delivered to the planning commission of the city or county and the board of education of any school district levying taxes on property within the proposed district. If the resolution is adopted by a city governing body, a certified copy also shall be delivered to the board of county commissioners of the county. If the resolution is adopted by a county governing body, it also shall be delivered to the governing body of any city located within three miles of such proposed district. L. 1998, ch. 66, § 5; L. 2019, ch. 60, § 7; July 1.

K.S.A. 12-5246 Same; nullification of plan, when.

12-5246. Same; nullification of plan, when. (a) At the public hearing, a representative of the city or county shall present the proposed plan for the development or renovation of housing in the proposed district. Each project proposed for the district shall be identified and explained. At the hearing the developer or developers that have contracted with the city to undertake such project shall be identified and present in person or through such developer's representative. Following the presentation, all interested persons shall be given an opportunity to be heard. The governing body for good cause shown may recess such hearing to a time and date certain, which shall be fixed in the presence of persons in attendance at the hearing. (b) Upon the conclusion of the public hearing, the governing body may adopt the plan for the district and may establish the district by ordinance or, in the case of any county, by resolution. The boundaries of such district shall not include any area not designated in the notice required by K.S.A. 12-5245 . Any addition of area to the district or any substantial change to the plan shall be subject to the same procedure for public notice and hearing as required for the initial establishment of the district. (c) The ordinance or resolution establishing the district shall be null and void if, within 30 days following the conclusion of the hearing: (1) The board of education levying taxes on such property determines by resolution that the proposed district will have an adverse effect on such school district; (2) the governing body of any city located within three miles of * district proposed to be established by a county determines by ordinance that the proposed district will have an adverse effect on such city; or (3) the board of county commissioners of the county in which a city governing body proposes to establish such a district determines by resolution that the proposed district will have an adverse effect on such county. L. 1998, ch. 66, § 6; L. 2008, ch. 92, § 2; April 24. Revisor's Note: * The word "the" should have been included.

K.S.A. 12-5247 Acquisition of property; exercise of power of eminent domain prohibited; sale or lease to developer; relocation assistance payments.

12-5247. Acquisition of property; exercise of power of eminent domain prohibited; sale or lease to developer; relocation assistance payments. (a) Any governing body that has established a reinvestment housing incentive district as provided in this act may purchase or otherwise acquire real property; however, the property may not be acquired through the exercise of the power of eminent domain. Relocation assistance payments shall be provided by the city or county in accordance with the provisions of K.S.A. 12-1777 , and amendments thereto, to any tenants required to be relocated as a result of the acquisition of such property for any project in the district. (b) Any property acquired by a city or county under this act may be sold or leased to any developer, in accordance with the reinvestment housing incentive plan and under such conditions as shall have been agreed to prior to the adoption of the plan. The city or county and the developer may agree to any additional terms and conditions, but if the developer requests to be released from any obligations agreed to and embodied in the plan, such release shall constitute a substantial change and subject to the requirements provided in K.S.A. 12-5246 (b), and amendments thereto. L. 1998, ch. 66, § 7; L. 2023, ch. 68, § 6; May 4.

K.S.A. 12-5248 Same; issuance of special obligation bonds; payment; procedure for issuance; tax exempt status; limitations.

12-5248. Same; issuance of special obligation bonds; payment; procedure for issuance; tax exempt status; limitations. (a) (1) Any city or county that has established a housing incentive district as provided in this act may issue special obligation bonds to finance the implementation of the plan adopted for the district by the governing body. The special obligation bonds shall be made payable, both as to principal and interest: (A) From property tax increments allocated to, and paid into a special fund of the city or county under the provisions of K.S.A. 12-5250 (b), and amendments thereto; (B) from revenues of the city or county derived from or held in connection with the implementation of the project or projects in the district; (C) from any private sources, contributions or other financial assistance from the state or federal government; (D) from any financial sureties or other guarantees provided by the developer; (E) from a pledge of any other lawfully available city or county revenue sources, including, but not limited to: (i) A portion of all increased franchise fees collected from utilities and other businesses using public rights-of-way within the district; or (ii) a portion of the sales and use tax revenues received by the city or county and collected pursuant to K.S.A. 12-187 , and amendments thereto; or (F) by any combination of these methods. The city or county may pledge the revenue to the repayment of the special obligations bonds prior to, simultaneously with, or subsequent to the issuance of the special obligation bonds. (2) Bonds issued under this subsection shall not be general obligations of the city or county, nor in any event shall they give rise to a charge against the general credit or taxing powers of the city or county, or be payable out of any funds or properties other than any of those set forth in this subsection. The bonds shall state such information on their face. (3) The bonds issued under the provisions of this subsection shall be special obligations of the city or county and are declared to be negotiable instruments. The bonds shall be executed by the mayor and clerk of the city or, in the case of counties, by the chairman of the board of county commissioners and clerk of the county, and shall be sealed with the corporate seal of the city or the seal of the county. All details pertaining to the issuance of the special obligation bonds shall be determined by ordinance of the city or resolution of the county. All special obligation bonds issued pursuant to this act shall be exempt from all state taxes. The special obligation bonds shall contain none of the recitals set forth in K.S.A. 10-112 , and amendments thereto. The special obligation bonds shall contain the following recitals: The authority under which the special obligation bonds are issued; that they are in conformity with the provisions, restrictions and limitations thereof; and that the special obligation bonds and the interest thereon are to be paid from the money and revenue received as provided in paragraph (1). (4) The maximum maturity on bonds issued to finance projects pursuant to this act shall not exceed 25 years. (5) Any city or county issuing special obligation bonds under the provisions of this act may refund all or part of the issue pursuant to the provisions of K.S.A. 10-116a , and amendments thereto. (b) In the event the city or county shall default in the payment of any special obligation bonds as authorized pursuant to subsection (a)(1), no public funds shall be used to pay the holders thereof except as otherwise specifically authorized in this act. (c) Any and all terms, conditions, exclusions and limitations that are otherwise applicable to bonds issued by authority of K.S.A. 12-1774 , and amendments thereto, shall also be applicable to bonds issued pursuant to this section. L. 1998, ch. 66, § 8; L. 2010, ch. 44, § 11; L. 2019, ch. 60, § 8; July 1.

K.S.A. 12-5249 Use of special obligation bond proceeds; limitations on use.

12-5249. Use of special obligation bond proceeds; limitations on use. (a) Any city or county that has established a reinvestment housing incentive district may use the proceeds of special obligation bonds issued under K.S.A. 12-5248 , and amendments thereto, or any uncommitted funds derived from those sources of revenue set forth in K.S.A. 12-5248 (a)(1), and amendments thereto, to implement specific projects identified within the reinvestment housing incentive district plan including, without limitation: (1) Acquisition of property within the specific project area or areas as provided in K.S.A. 12-5247 , and amendments thereto; (2) payment of relocation assistance; (3) site preparation; (4) sanitary and storm sewers and lift stations; (5) drainage conduits, channels and levees; (6) street grading, paving, graveling, macadamizing, curbing, guttering and surfacing; (7) street lighting fixtures, connection and facilities; (8) underground gas, water, heating, and electrical services and connections located within the public right-of-way; (9) sidewalks; (10) water mains and extensions; (11) renovation of buildings or other structures more than 25 years of age primarily for residential use located in a central business district or in a business or commercial district within a qualified census tract as approved by the secretary of commerce. Certification of the age of the building or other structure shall be submitted to the secretary by the governing body of the city or county with the resolution as provided by K.S.A. 12-5244 , and amendments thereto. Eligible residential improvements shall include only improvements made to the second or higher floors of a building or other structure. Improvements for commercial purposes shall not be eligible; and (12) renovation or construction of residential dwellings, multi-family units or buildings or other structures exclusively for residential use located on existing lots if: (A) The infrastructure, including streets, sewer, water and utilities, has been in existence for at least 10 years; or (B) the existing lot has been subject to any tax assessment levied pursuant to chapter 12, article 6a or chapter 19, article 27 of the Kansas Statutes Annotated, and amendments thereto, because such lot is located in an improvement district established pursuant to chapter 12, article 6a or chapter 19, article 27 of the Kansas Statutes Annotated, and amendments thereto. (b) None of the proceeds from the sale of special obligation bonds issued under K.S.A. 12-5248 , and amendments thereto, shall be used for the construction of buildings or other structures to be owned by or to be leased to any developer of a residential housing project within the district, except for buildings or other structures located in a central business district or in a business or commercial district within a qualified census tract as approved by the secretary of commerce. L. 1998, ch. 66, § 9; L. 2021, ch. 43, § 2; L. 2022, ch. 85, § 22; L. 2023, ch. 68, § 7; May 4.

K.S.A. 12-5250 Same; taxation within district; collection and distribution.

12-5250. Same; taxation within district; collection and distribution. (a) All taxable tangible property located within a district established in accordance with this act shall be assessed and taxed for ad valorem tax purposes pursuant to law in the same manner that such property would be assessed and taxed if located outside such district, and all ad valorem taxes levied on such property shall be paid to and collected by the county treasurer in the same manner as other taxes are paid and collected. Except as otherwise provided in this section, the county treasurer shall distribute such taxes as may be collected in the same manner as if such property were located outside the district. Each district established under the provisions of this act shall constitute a separate taxing unit for the purpose of the computation and levy of taxes. (b) Beginning with the first payment of taxes that are levied following the date of the approval of any district in accordance with this act, and amendments thereto, real property taxes received by the county treasurer resulting from taxes which are levied subject to the provisions of this act by and for the benefit of a taxing subdivision on property located within such district constituting a separate taxing unit under the provisions of this section, shall be divided as follows: (1) From the taxes levied each year subject to the provisions of this act by or for each taxing subdivisions upon property located within a district constituting a separate taxing unit under the provisions of this act, the county treasurer first shall allocate and pay to each such taxing subdivision all of the real property taxes collected which are produced from that portion of the current assessed valuation of such real property located within such separate taxing unit which is equal to the total assessed value of such real property on the date of the establishment of the district. (2) Any real property taxes produced from that portion of the current assessed valuation of real property within a district and constituting a separate taxing unit under the provisions of this section in excess of an amount equal to the total assessed value of such real property on the effective date of the establishment of the district shall be allocated and paid by the county treasurer to the treasurer as follows: (A) In districts established by a city, the amount shall be paid to the treasurer of the city and deposited in a special fund of the city to pay the cost of housing projects in the district including the payment of principal of and interest on any special obligation bonds issued by such city to finance, in whole or in part, such housing project. (B) In districts established by a county, the amount shall be deposited by the county treasurer in a special fund of the county to pay the cost of housing projects in the district including the payment of principal of and interest on any special obligation bonds issued by such county to finance, in whole or in part, such housing project. If such special obligation bonds and interest thereon have been paid before the completion of a project, the city or county may continue to use such moneys for any purpose authorized by this act until such time as the project is completed, but for not to exceed 25 years from the date of the establishment of the district. When such special obligation bonds and interest thereon have been paid and the project is completed, all moneys thereafter received from real property taxes within such district shall be allocated and paid to the respective taxing subdivisions in the same manner as are other ad valorem taxes. (c) Notwithstanding any other provision of law, it is hereby stated that is an object of all ad valorem taxes levied by or for the benefit of any taxing subdivision on taxable tangible real property located within any district created pursuant to this act, that such taxes may be applied and allocated to and when collected paid into a special fund of a city or county pursuant to the procedures and limitations of this act to pay the cost of a project including principal of and interest on special obligation bonds issued by such city or county to finance, in whole or in part, such project. L. 1998, ch. 66, § 10; L. 2019, ch. 60, § 9; July 1.

K.S.A. 12-5251 Same; transmission of documents to taxing subdivision officials; certification of increased valuation.

12-5251. Same; transmission of documents to taxing subdivision officials; certification of increased valuation. (a) After the adoption by the governing body of a plan which contains the provisions required by K.S.A. 12-5251*, the clerk of the city or county shall transmit a copy of the description of the land within the district, a copy of the ordinance or resolution adopting the plan and a map or plat indicating the boundaries of the district, to the clerk, appraiser and treasurer of the county in which the district is located and to the governing bodies of any taxing subdivision which levy taxes upon any property in the district. Such documents shall be transmitted as promptly as practicable following the adoption or modification of the plan, but in any event, on or before the January 1 st next following the adoption or modification of the plan. (b) The appraiser of any county in which a district is authorized by a city or county shall certify the amount of such increase in assessed valuation of real and personal property within the district to the county clerk on or before July 1 of each year. L. 1998, ch. 66, § 11; July 1. Revisor's Note: * The reference to 12-5251 should be to 12-5245.

K.S.A. 12-5252 Exemption from certain requirements for cities in a county under a federal or state disaster declaration.

12-5252. Exemption from certain requirements for cities in a county under a federal or state disaster declaration. (a) Any city that prior to July 1, 2013, is located, in whole or in part, within the boundaries of a county designated by the United States federal emergency management agency under major disaster declaration FEMA-1711-DR or FEMA-1699, as eligible to receive individual or public assistance from the United States federal government that desires to designate a reinvestment housing incentive district pursuant to this act or such county shall be exempt from the provisions of K.S.A. 12-5244 (c), and amendments thereto, and may adopt a plan for a designated reinvestment housing incentive district without the approval of the secretary and without conducting a public hearing on such proposed plan. (b) For any city in a county declared by the governor to be a state of disaster after January 1, 2008, or such county if the governor finds that such disaster resulted in the destruction of a significant amount of residential housing in such city or county the governor may designate such city or county to exercise the exemption authorized by subsection (a) for a period of five years from the date of the declaration of a state of disaster. (c) Nothing in this section shall be construed so as to exempt a city or county from any other requirement set forth in this act, or to limit any of the rights, duties and privileges of a city or county under any other provisions of this act. L. 2008, ch. 92, § 3; L. 2023, ch. 68, § 8; May 4.

K.S.A. 12-5256 Rural housing incentives state housing trust fund; expenditures; transfers from the state economic development initiatives fund; purposes of loans or grants; report to legislature.

12-5256. Rural housing incentives state housing trust fund; expenditures; transfers from the state economic development initiatives fund; purposes of loans or grants; report to legislature. (a) All expenditures from the state housing trust fund made for the purposes of K.S.A. 12-5253 through 12-5255 , and amendments thereto, shall be made in accordance with appropriation acts upon warrants of the director of accounts and reports issued pursuant to vouchers approved by the president of the Kansas housing resources corporation. (b) (1) On July 1, 2024 and July 1, 2026, the director of accounts and reports shall transfer $2,000,000 from the state economic development initiatives fund to the state housing trust fund established by K.S.A. 74-8959 , and amendments thereto. (2) Notwithstanding the provisions of K.S.A. 74-8959 , and amendments thereto, to the contrary, during fiscal year 2025, fiscal year 2026 and fiscal year 2027, moneys in the state housing trust fund shall be used solely for the purpose of loans or grants to cities or counties for infrastructure or housing development in rural areas. During such fiscal years, on or before January 13, 2025, January 12, 2026, January 11, 2027, and January 10, 2028, the president of the Kansas housing resources corporation shall submit a report concerning the activities of the state housing trust fund to the house of representatives committee on appropriations and the senate committee on ways and means. L. 2008, ch. 92, § 7; L. 2009, ch. 124, § 136; L. 2009, ch. 144, § 82; L. 2010, ch. 165, § 142; L. 2011, ch. 118, § 177; L. 2012, ch. 175, § 152; L. 2013, ch. 136, § 263; L. 2014, ch. 142, § 111; L. 2015, ch. 104, § 234; L. 2017, ch. 104, § 228; L. 2019, ch. 68, § 167; L. 2020, ch. 5, § 158; L. 2021, ch. 98, § 172; L. 2022, ch. 81, § 177; L. 2023, ch. 82, § 173; L. 2024, ch. 88, § 181; L. 2025, ch. 117, § 195; April 25.

K.S.A. 12-5259 Kansas rural home loan guarantee act; citation.

12-5259. Kansas rural home loan guarantee act; citation. The provisions of K.S.A. 12-5259 through 12-5263 , and amendments thereto, shall be known and may be cited as the Kansas rural home loan guarantee act. L. 2022, ch. 85, § 15; July 1.

K.S.A. 12-5260 Same; definitions.

12-5260. Same; definitions. As used in the Kansas rural home loan guarantee act: (a) "Act" means the Kansas rural home loan guarantee act; (b) "corporation" means the Kansas housing resources corporation; (c) "financial institution" means any bank, trust company, savings bank, credit union, savings and loan association or any other lending institution that is approved by the corporation; (d) "loan" means a transaction with a financial institution to provide the owner financing for the construction or renovation of a single-family home in a rural county; and (e) "rural county" means any county in this state with a population of less than 10,000, as certified to the secretary of state pursuant to K.S.A. 11-201 , and amendments thereto, on July 1 of the preceding year. L. 2022, ch. 85, § 16; July 1.

K.S.A. 12-5261 Same; loan guarantees; lending standards; administration by Kansas housing resources corporation; rules and regulations.

12-5261. Same; loan guarantees; lending standards; administration by Kansas housing resources corporation; rules and regulations. (a) The corporation is hereby authorized to enter into agreements with financial institutions to provide loan guarantees against risk of default for rural housing loans in accordance with the provisions of this act. Except as provided in K.S.A. 12-5262 , and amendments thereto, for payment for a loan guarantee for which the state housing trust fund is liable, no claim against the state under this act shall be paid by the state, the corporation or any other state agency other than pursuant to an appropriation act of the legislature after such claim has been filed with and considered by the joint committee on special claims against the state. (b) Eligible financial institutions shall apply all usual lending standards to determine the creditworthiness of eligible rural home loan borrowers. The financial institution originating the loan shall be responsible for monitoring the loan and, in case of any default, working with the borrower to obtain the collateral for the loan. The financial institution shall be in the first position and the state in second position to recover on the loan. (c) The corporation shall administer the provisions of this act and shall adopt rules and regulations for the implementation or administration of this act including the development of an application process. The loan guarantee agreement with the corporation shall include reporting requirements and financial standards that are appropriate for the type of loan for the borrower. The corporation may enter into contracts that the corporation deems necessary for the implementation or administration of this act. The corporation may impose fees and charges as may be necessary to recover costs incurred for the administration of this act. L. 2022, ch. 85, § 17; July 1.

K.S.A. 12-5262 Same; backing by state housing trust fund; eligible costs; limitations; fees and charges.

12-5262. Same; backing by state housing trust fund; eligible costs; limitations; fees and charges. (a) Notwithstanding the provisions of K.S.A. 12-5256 or 74-8959 , and amendments thereto, to the contrary, each agreement entered into by the corporation to guarantee against default on a loan transaction shall be backed by the state housing trust fund and shall receive prior approval by the corporation or the corporation's designee. (b) Each loan transaction eligible for a guarantee under this act shall be for the construction or renovation of a single-family home in a rural county. Eligible costs may include land and building purchases, renovation and new construction costs, equipment and installation costs, predevelopment costs that may be capitalized, financing, capitalized interest during construction and consultant fees that do not include staff costs. (c) The portion of the loan guaranteed by the corporation under this act shall be for the amount of the loan that exceeds 80% of the appraised value of the home. No loan amount above 125% of the appraised value of the home shall be guaranteed by the corporation under this act. The loan amount guaranteed by the corporation under this act shall not exceed $100,000 per home. (d) The total amount of loans guaranteed by the corporation under this act shall not exceed $2,000,000. (e) All fees and charges imposed by the corporation and other moneys received by the corporation under this act shall be remitted to the state treasurer in accordance with K.S.A. 75-4215 , and amendments thereto. Upon receipt of each such remittance, the state treasurer shall deposit the entire amount in the state treasury to the credit of the state housing trust fund. L. 2022, ch. 85, § 18; July 1.

K.S.A. 12-5263 Same; annual report to certain legislative committees.

12-5263. Same; annual report to certain legislative committees. Beginning with the 2023 regular session of the legislature, the corporation shall prepare an annual report of the Kansas rural home loan guarantee act activity, including new loans, loan repayment status and other relevant information regarding activities under this act and shall submit such report at the beginning of each regular session of the legislature to the house of representatives committee on appropriations, or to the appropriate budget committee, and the senate committee on ways and means, or to the appropriate subcommittee thereof or to the successors of such committees. L. 2022, ch. 85, § 19; July 1.
Source: Kansas Office of Revisor of Statutes (ksrevisor.gov)URL: https://www.ksrevisor.gov/statutes/ksa_ch12.htmlFetched: 10/20/2026

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