NOTARIES PUBLIC AND COMMISSIONERS OF FOREIGN DEEDS

KRS tit. XXXVIII, ch. 423

in effect

KRS 423.110 Recognition of notarial acts performed outside this state

423.110. Recognition of notarial acts performed outside this state For the purposes of KRS 423.110 to 423.190, "notarial acts" means acts which the laws and regulations of this state authorize notaries public of this state to perform, including the administering of oaths and affirmations, taking proof of execution and acknowledgments of instruments, and attesting documents. Notarial acts may be performed outside this state for use in this state with the same effect as if performed by a notary public of this state by the following persons authorized pursuant to the laws and regulations of other governments in addition to any other person authorized by the laws and regulations of this state: (1) A notary public authorized to perform notarial acts in the place in which the act is performed; (2) A judge, clerk, or deputy clerk of any court of record in the place in which the notarial act is performed; (3) An officer of the foreign service of the United States, a consular agent, or any other person authorized by regulation of the United States Department of State to perform notarial acts in the place in which the act is performed; (4) A commissioned officer in active service with the Armed Forces of the United States and any other person authorized by regulation of the Armed Forces to perform notarial acts if the notarial act is performed for one (1) of the following or his dependents: a merchant seaman of the United States, a member of the Armed Forces of the United States, or any other person serving with or accompanying the Armed Forces of the United States; (5) Any other person authorized to perform notarial acts in the place in which the act is performed; or (6) A person, either a resident or a nonresident of Kentucky, who is appointed by the Governor of Kentucky to perform notarial acts in or outside this state covering writings prepared for recordation in this state. Effective: July 15, 1982 History: Amended 1982 Ky. Acts ch. 144, sec. 1, effective July 15, 1982. -- Amended 1976 Ky. Acts ch. 65, sec. 1. -- Created 1970 Ky. Acts ch. 131, sec. 1, effective July 1, 1970.

KRS 423.130 Certificate of person taking acknowledgment

423.130. Certificate of person taking acknowledgment The person taking an acknowledgment shall certify that: (1) The person acknowledging appeared before him and acknowledged he executed the instrument; and (2) The person acknowledging was known to the person taking the acknowledgment or that the person taking the acknowledgment had satisfactory evidence that the person acknowledging was the person described in and who executed the instrument. Effective: July 1, 1970 History: Created 1970 Ky. Acts ch. 131, sec. 3, effective July 1, 1970.

KRS 423.140 Recognition of certificate of acknowledgment

423.140. Recognition of certificate of acknowledgment The form of a certificate of acknowledgment used by a person whose authority is recognized under KRS 423.110 shall be accepted in this state if: (1) The certificate is in a form prescribed by the laws or regulations of this state; (2) The certificate is in a form prescribed by the laws or regulations applicable in the place in which the acknowledgment is taken; or (3) The certificate contains the words "acknowledged before me," or their substantial equivalent. Effective: July 1, 1970 History: 1970 Ky. Acts ch. 131, sec. 4, effective July 1, 1970.

KRS 423.150 Certificate of acknowledgment

423.150. Certificate of acknowledgment The words "acknowledged before me" mean: (1) That the person acknowledging appeared before the person taking the acknowledgment; (2) That he acknowledged he executed the instrument; (3) That, in the case of: (a) A natural person, he executed the instrument for the purposes therein stated; (b) A corporation, the officer or agent acknowledged he held the position or title set forth in the instrument and certificate, he signed the instrument on behalf of the corporation by proper authority, and the instrument was the act of the corporation for the purpose therein stated; (c) A partnership, the partner or agent acknowledged he signed the instrument on behalf of the partnership by proper authority and he executed the instrument as the act of the partnership for the purpose therein stated; (d) A person acknowledging as principal by an attorney in fact, he executed the instrument by proper authority as the act of the principal for the purposes therein stated; (e) A person acknowledging as a public officer, trustee, administrator, guardian, or other representative, he signed the instrument by proper authority and he executed the instrument in the capacity and for the purposes therein stated; and (4) That the person taking the acknowledgment either knew or had satisfactory evidence that the person acknowledging was the person named in the instrument or certificate. Effective: July 1, 1970 History: Created 1970 Ky. Acts ch. 131, sec. 5, effective July 1, 1970.

KRS 423.160 Short forms of acknowledgment

423.160. Short forms of acknowledgment The forms of acknowledgment set forth in this section may be used and are sufficient for their respective purposes under any law of this state. The forms shall be known as "Statutory Short Forms of Acknowledgment" and may be referred to by that name. The authorization of the forms in this section does not preclude the use of other forms. (1) For an individual acting in his own right: State of _______________ County of _____________ The foregoing instrument was acknowledged before me this (date) by (name of person acknowledged). (Signature of person taking acknowledgment) (Title or rank) (Serial number, if any) (2) For a corporation: State of ________________ County of ______________ The foregoing instrument was acknowledged before me this (date) by (name of officer or agent, title of officer or agent) of (name of corporation acknowledging) a (state or place of incorporation) corporation, on behalf of the corporation. (Signature of person taking acknowledgment) (Title or rank) (Serial number, if any) (3) For a partnership: State of ________________ County of ______________ The foregoing instrument was acknowledged before me this (date) by (name of acknowledging partner or agent), partner (or agent) on behalf of (name of partnership), a partnership. (Signature of person taking acknowledgment) (Title or rank) (Serial number, if any) (4) For an individual acting as principal by an attorney-in-fact: State of ________________ County of ______________ The foregoing instrument was acknowledged before me this (date) by (name of attorney- in-fact) as attorney-in-fact on behalf of (name of principal). (Signature of person taking acknowledgment) (Title or rank) (Serial number, if any) (5) By any public officer, trustee, or personal representative: State of ________________ County of ______________ The foregoing instrument was acknowledged before me this (date) by (name and title of position). (Signature of person taking acknowledgment) (Title or rank) (Serial number, if any) Effective: July 1, 1970 History: Created 1970 Ky. Acts ch. 131, sec. 6, effective July 1, 1970.

KRS 423.170 Acknowledgments not affected by KRS 423.110 to 423.190

423.170. Acknowledgments not affected by KRS 423.110 to 423.190 A notarial act performed prior to July 1, 1970, is not affected by KRS 423.110 to 423.190. KRS 423.110 to 423.190 provide an additional method of proving notarial acts. Nothing in KRS 423.110 to 423.190 diminishes or invalidates the recognition accorded to notarial acts by other laws or regulations of this state. Effective: July 1, 1970 History: Created 1970 Ky. Acts ch. 131, sec. 7, effective July 1, 1970.

KRS 423.180 Uniformity of interpretation

423.180. Uniformity of interpretation KRS 423.110 to 423.190 shall be so interpreted as to make uniform the laws of those states which enact it. Effective: July 1, 1970 History: Created 1970 Ky. Acts ch. 131, sec. 8, effective July 1, 1970.

KRS 423.190 Short title

423.190. Short title KRS 423.110 to 423.190 may be cited as the "Uniform Recognition of Acknowledgments Act." Effective: July 1, 1970 History: Created 1970 Ky. Acts ch. 131, sec. 9, effective July 1, 1970.

KRS 423.200 Admission of documents to the public record

423.200. Admission of documents to the public record Notwithstanding any other provision of law, any certificate of an acknowledgment given and certified as provided by KRS 423.300 to 423.455 or as provided by those sections and other provisions of law, together with the instrument acknowledged, may be admitted to the public record provided for the type of instrument so acknowledged, and any instrument required to be sworn to or affirmed in order to be recorded may be admitted to record upon a jurat recognized under the provisions of KRS 423.300 to 423.455. Effective: January 1, 2020 History: Amended 2019 Ky. Acts ch. 86, sec. 37, effective January 1, 2020. -- Created 1972 Ky. Acts ch. 170, sec. 1, effective March 25, 1972.

KRS 423.300 Definitions for KRS 423.300 to 423.455

423.300. Definitions for KRS 423.300 to 423.455 As used in KRS 423.300 to 423.455: (1) "Acknowledgment" means a declaration by an individual before a notarial officer that the individual has signed a record for the purpose stated in the record and, if the record is signed in a representative capacity, that the individual signed the record with proper authority and signed it as the act of the individual or entity identified in the record; (2) "Acknowledged before me" or "appears before me" means being in: (a) The same physical location as another individual person and close enough to see, hear, communicate with, and exchange credentials with that person; or (b) A different physical location from another person but able to see, hear, and communicate with that person by means of communication technology; (3) "Communication technology" means an electronic device or process that: (a) Allows a notary public and a remotely located individual to communicate with each other simultaneously by sight and sound; and (b) When necessary and consistent with other applicable law, facilitates communication with a remotely located individual with a vision, hearing, or speech impairment; (4) "Credential" means a non-expired record issued by a government which bears an individual's photo and which evidences an individual's identity; (5) "Credential analysis" means a process or service that meets the standards adopted under KRS 423.355(7) and 423.415 by which a third person provides confidence as to the validity of a government-issued identification credential through review of public and proprietary data sources; (6) "Dynamic knowledge-based authentication assessment" means an identity assessment that is based on a set of questions formulated from public or private data sources for which the signer of an electronic record has not provided a prior answer; (7) "Electronic" means relating to technology having electrical, digital, magnetic, wireless, optical, electromagnetic, or similar capabilities; (8) "Electronic notarization" means a notarial act performed with respect to an electronic record by means of communication technology that meets the standards adopted under KRS 423.355(7) and 423.415; (9) "Electronic signature" means an electronic symbol, sound, or process attached to or logically associated with a record and executed or adopted by an individual with the intent to sign the record; (10) "Foreign state" means a jurisdiction other than the United States, a state, or a federally recognized Indian tribe; (11) "Identity proofing" means, in the use of communication technology, a process or service that meets standards adopted under KRS 423.355(7) and 423.415 by which a third person provides confidence as to the identity of an individual through review of personal information from public or proprietary data sources; (12) "In a representative capacity" means acting as: (a) An authorized officer, agent, partner, trustee, or other representative for a person other than an individual; (b) A public officer, personal representative, guardian, or other representative, in the capacity stated in a record; (c) An agent or attorney-in-fact for a principal; or (d) An authorized representative of another in any other capacity; (13) "Notarial act" means an act, whether performed with respect to a tangible or electronic record, that a notarial officer may perform under KRS 423.310 and any other law of the Commonwealth; (14) "Notarial officer" means a notary public or other individual authorized to perform a notarial act; (15) "Notary public" means an individual commissioned to perform a notarial act by the Secretary of State. This term does not include other notarial officers who may perform a notarial act in this state; (16) "Official stamp" means a physical image affixed to or embossed on a tangible record or an electronic image attached to or logically associated with an electronic record, including an official notary seal; (17) "Online notary public" means a notary public who has registered with the Secretary of State, pursuant to any standards and rules adopted under KRS 423.390 and 423.415, to perform electronic notarizations under KRS 423.300 to 423.455; (18) "Outside the United States" means a location outside the geographic boundaries of the United States, Puerto Rico, the United States Virgin Islands, and any territory, insular possession, or other location subject to the jurisdiction of the United States; (19) "Person" means an individual, corporation, business trust, statutory trust, estate, trust, partnership, limited liability company, association, joint venture, public corporation, government or governmental subdivision, agency, or instrumentality, or any other legal or commercial entity; (20) "Record" means information that is inscribed on a tangible medium or that is stored in an electronic or other medium and is retrievable in perceivable form; (21) "Remotely located individual" means an individual who is not in the physical presence of the notary public who performs a notarial act or is appearing remotely before the notary; (22) "Remote presentation" means transmission to an online notary public through communication technology of an image of a government-issued identification credential that is of sufficient quality to enable the online notary public to identify the individual seeking the online notary public's services and to perform credential analysis; (23) "Sign" means, with present intent to authenticate or adopt a record, to: (a) Execute or adopt a tangible symbol; or (b) Attach to or logically associate with the record an electronic symbol, sound, or process; (24) "Signature" means a tangible symbol or an electronic signature that evidences the signing of a record; (25) "Stamping device" means: (a) A physical device capable of affixing to or embossing on a tangible record an official stamp; or (b) An electronic device or process capable of attaching to or logically associating with an electronic record an official stamp; (26) "State" means a state of the United States, the District of Columbia, Puerto Rico, the United States Virgin Islands, or any territory or insular possession subject to the jurisdiction of the United States; and (27) "Verification on oath or affirmation" means a declaration, made by an individual on oath or affirmation before a notarial officer, that a statement in a record is true. Effective: January 1, 2020 History: Created 2019 Ky. Acts ch. 86, sec. 1, effective January 1, 2020.

KRS 423.305 Application of KRS 423.300 to 423.455

423.305. Application of KRS 423.300 to 423.455 KRS 423.300 to 423.455 applies to a notarial act performed on or after January 1, 2020. Effective: January 1, 2020 History: Created 2019 Ky. Acts ch. 86, sec. 2, effective January 1, 2020.

KRS 423.310 Notarial acts -- Tangible and electronic records -- Online notary -- Prohibited acts -- Tangible copy of electronic record

423.310. Notarial acts -- Tangible and electronic records -- Online notary -- Prohibited acts -- Tangible copy of electronic record (1) A notarial officer may perform the following notarial acts: (a) Take acknowledgments; (b) Administer oaths and affirmations; (c) Take verifications of statements on oath or affirmation; (d) Certify that a copy of any document, other than a document that is recorded or in the custody of any federal, state, or local governmental agency, office, or court, is a true copy; (e) Certify depositions of witnesses; (f) Make or note a protest of a negotiable instrument; (g) Witness or attest signatures; and (h) Perform any notarial act authorized by a law of the Commonwealth other than KRS 423.300 to 423.455. (2) A notary public may perform any of the notarial acts listed in subsection (1) of this section with respect to tangible records and electronic records. (3) Upon registration with the Secretary of State, an online notary may perform any of the notarial acts listed in subsection (1) of this section as an electronic notarization. (4) A notarial officer shall not perform a notarial act with respect to a record to which the notarial officer or the notarial officer's spouse or other member of the notarial officer's immediate family is a party, or in which any of those individuals has a direct beneficial interest. A notarial act performed in violation of this subsection is voidable. (5) A notarial officer may certify that a tangible copy of an electronic record is an accurate copy of the electronic record. Effective: January 1, 2020 History: Created 2019 Ky. Acts ch. 86, sec. 3, effective January 1, 2020.

KRS 423.315 Determination of individual’s identity and signature -- Protest of negotiable instrument

423.315. Determination of individual’s identity and signature -- Protest of negotiable instrument A notarial officer who takes an acknowledgment of a record, takes a verification of a statement on oath or affirmation, or witnesses or attests to a signature, shall determine, from personal knowledge or satisfactory evidence of the identity of the individual, that the individual appearing before the notarial officer has the identity claimed and that the signature on the record is the signature of the individual. A notarial officer who makes or notes a protest of a negotiable instrument shall determine the matters as set forth in KRS 355.3-505(2). Effective: January 1, 2020 History: Created 2019 Ky. Acts ch. 86, sec. 4, effective January 1, 2020.

KRS 423.320 Personal appearance before notarial officer

423.320. Personal appearance before notarial officer If a notarial act relates to a statement made in or a signature executed on a record, the individual making the statement or executing the signature shall appear personally before the notarial officer. Effective: January 1, 2020 History: Created 2019 Ky. Acts ch. 86, sec. 5, effective January 1, 2020.

KRS 423.325 Personal knowledge and satisfactory evidence of identity -- Use of communication technology -- Additional information

423.325. Personal knowledge and satisfactory evidence of identity -- Use of communication technology -- Additional information (1) A notarial officer has personal knowledge of the identity of an individual appearing before the officer if the individual is personally known to the officer through dealings sufficient to provide reasonable certainty that the individual has the identity claimed. (2) A notarial officer has satisfactory evidence of the identity of an individual appearing before the officer if the officer can identify the individual by means of one (1) of the following credentials: (a) A non-expired passport, driver’s license, or government-issued identification card; (b) Another current form of government identification issued to an individual, which contains the signature and a photograph of the individual, and is satisfactory to the notarial officer; or (c) If the means presented in paragraphs (a) and (b) of this subsection are unavailable, verification on oath or affirmation of a credible witness personally appearing before the notarial officer and known to the notarial officer or whom the notarial officer can identify on the basis of a current passport, driver’s license, or government-issued identification card. (3) Notwithstanding subsection (2) of this section, in performing an electronic notarization, an online notary public has satisfactory evidence of the identity of an individual appearing before the online notary public if the online notary public can identify the individual through the use of communication technology that meets the requirements of this section and the administrative regulations promulgated by the Secretary of State under KRS 423.355(7) and 423.415, and by the following: (a) The online notary public's personal knowledge of the individual; or (b) Each of the following: 1. Remote presentation by the individual of a government-issued identification credential specified in this section that contains the signature and photograph of the individual; 2. Credential analysis of the identification credential described by subparagraph 1. of this paragraph; and 3. Identity proofing of the individual, which may include a dynamic knowledge-based authentication assessment; or (c) A valid public key certificate that complies with the administrative regulations promulgated by the Secretary of State pursuant to KRS 423.415. (4) A notarial officer may require an individual to provide additional information or identification credentials necessary to assure the notarial officer of the identity of the individual. Effective: January 1, 2020 History: Created 2019 Ky. Acts ch. 86, sec. 6, effective January 1, 2020.

KRS 423.330 Refusal to perform notarial act

423.330. Refusal to perform notarial act (1) A notarial officer may refuse to perform a notarial act if the officer is not satisfied that: (a) The individual executing the record is competent or has the capacity to execute the record; or (b) The individual’s signature is knowingly and voluntarily made. (2) A notarial officer may refuse to perform a notarial act unless refusal is prohibited by law other than KRS 423.300 to 423.455. Effective: January 1, 2020 History: Created 2019 Ky. Acts ch. 86, sec. 7, effective January 1, 2020.

KRS 423.335 Signature by proxy

423.335. Signature by proxy If an individual is physically unable to sign a record, the individual may direct another individual, other than the notarial officer, to sign the individual’s name on the record by proxy, in the presence of two (2) witnesses unaffected by the record, one (1) of whom may be the individual who signs, by proxy, on behalf of the individual physically unable to sign. Both witnesses shall sign their own names beside the proxy signature, and the notarial officer shall insert "Signature affixed by (name of proxy signer) at the direction of (name of individual) and in the presence of (names and addresses of the two witnesses)" or words of similar import. Effective: January 1, 2020 History: Created 2019 Ky. Acts ch. 86, sec. 8, effective January 1, 2020.

KRS 423.340 Who may perform notarial act -- Effect of signature and title -- Powers of county clerk

423.340. Who may perform notarial act -- Effect of signature and title -- Powers of county clerk (1) A notarial act may be performed in this state by: (a) A notary public of this state; or (b) A county clerk of this state. (2) The signature and title of an individual performing a notarial act in this state are prima facie evidence that the signature is genuine and that the individual holds the designated title. (3) The signature and title of a notarial officer described in this section conclusively establishes the authority of the notarial officer to perform the notarial act. (4) A county clerk shall have the powers of a notarial officer in the exercise of the official functions of the office of clerk within his or her county, and the official actions of the county clerk shall not require the witness or signature of a notary public. Effective: January 1, 2020 History: Created 2019 Ky. Acts ch. 86, sec. 9, effective January 1, 2020.

KRS 423.345 Effect of notarial act performed in another state, under authority of tribe, or under authority of federal law

423.345. Effect of notarial act performed in another state, under authority of tribe, or under authority of federal law (1) (a) A notarial act performed in another state has the same effect under the law of this state as if performed by a notarial officer of this state, if the act performed in that state is performed by: 1. A notary public of that state; 2. A judge, clerk, or deputy clerk of a court of that state; or 3. Any other individual authorized by the law of that state to perform the notarial act. (b) The signature and title of an individual performing a notarial act in another state are prima facie evidence that the signature is genuine and that the individual holds the designated title. (c) The signature and title of a notarial officer described in paragraph (a) or (b) of this subsection conclusively establish the authority of the officer to perform the notarial act. (2) (a) A notarial act performed in another state has the same effect under the law of this state if the act performed is: 1. By a notary public of this state; and 2. In a civil action or legal proceeding originating in this state. (b) The signature and title of an individual performing a notarial act in another state are prima facie evidence that the signature is genuine and that the individual holds the designated title. (c) The signature and title of a notarial officer described in paragraph (a) or (b) of this subsection shall conclusively establish the authority of the officer to perform the notarial act. (3) (a) A notarial act performed under the authority and in the jurisdiction of a federally recognized Indian tribe has the same effect as if performed by a notarial officer of this state, if the act performed in the jurisdiction of the tribe is performed by: 1. A notary public of the tribe; 2. A judge, clerk, or deputy clerk of a court of the tribe; or 3. Any other individual authorized by the law of the tribe to perform the notarial act. (b) The signature and title of an individual performing a notarial act under the authority and in the jurisdiction of a federally recognized Indian tribe are prima facie evidence that the signature is genuine and that the individual holds the designated title. (c) The signature and title of a notarial officer described in paragraph (a) or (b) of this subsection conclusively establish the authority of the notarial officer to perform the notarial act. (4) (a) A notarial act performed under the authority of federal law has the same effect under the law of this state as if performed by a notarial officer of this state, if the act performed under federal law is performed by: 1. A judge, clerk, or deputy clerk of a court; 2. An individual in military service or performing duties under the authority of military service who is authorized to perform notarial acts under federal law; 3. An individual designated a notarizing officer by the United States Department of State for performing notarial acts overseas; or 4. Any other individual authorized by federal law to perform the notarial act. (b) The signature and title of an individual acting under federal authority and performing a notarial act are prima facie evidence that the signature is genuine and that the individual holds the designated title. (c) The signature and title of an officer described in paragraph (a) or (b) of this subsection conclusively establish the authority of the officer to perform the notarial act. Effective: June 29, 2023 History: Amended 2023 Ky. Acts ch. 156, sec. 1, effective June 29, 2023. -- Created 2019 Ky. Acts ch. 86, sec. 10, effective January 1, 2020.

KRS 423.350 Effect of notarial act performed under authority of foreign state or international governmental organization -- Establishing authority of officer and genuineness of signature

423.350. Effect of notarial act performed under authority of foreign state or international governmental organization -- Establishing authority of officer and genuineness of signature (1) In this section, "foreign state" means a government other than the United States, a state, or a federally recognized Indian tribe. (2) If a notarial act is performed under the authority and in the jurisdiction of a foreign state or constituent unit of the foreign state or is performed under the authority of a multinational or international governmental organization, the act has the same effect under the law of this state as if performed by a notarial officer of this state. (3) If the title of office and indication of authority to perform notarial acts in a foreign state appears in a digest of foreign law or in a list customarily used as a source for that information, the authority of an officer with that title to perform notarial acts is conclusively established. (4) The signature and official stamp of an individual holding an office described in subsection (3) of this section are prima facie evidence that the signature is genuine and the individual holds the designated title. (5) An apostille in the form prescribed by the Hague Convention of October 5, 1961, and issued by a foreign state party to the Convention conclusively establishes that the signature of the notarial officer is genuine and that the officer holds the indicated office. (6) A consular authentication issued by an individual designated by the United States Department of State as a notarizing officer for performing notarial acts overseas and attached to the record with respect to which the notarial act is performed conclusively establishes that the signature of the notarial officer is genuine and that the officer holds the indicated office. Effective: January 1, 2020 History: Created 2019 Ky. Acts ch. 86, sec. 11, effective January 1, 2020.

KRS 423.355 Online notary public -- Electronic notarization -- Refusal to perform notarial act -- Use of communication technology -- Registration -- Administrative regulations -- Application of state law

423.355. Online notary public -- Electronic notarization -- Refusal to perform notarial act -- Use of communication technology -- Registration -- Administrative regulations -- Application of state law (1) An online notary public: (a) Shall be commissioned as a notary public pursuant to KRS 423.300 to 423.455 and has the powers and duties of a traditional notary public as provided by KRS 423.300 to 423.455; (b) May perform notarial acts as provided by KRS 423.300 to 423.455 in addition to performing electronic notarizations; and (c) May, upon registration with the Secretary of State as an online notary public pursuant to KRS 423.390, perform electronic notarizations authorized under this section. (2) An online notary public may perform an electronic notarization provided the online notary public is physically located in this state while performing the notarial act and if: (a) The online notary public has: 1. Personal knowledge of the identity of the individual pursuant to KRS 423.325; or 2. Satisfactory evidence of the identity of the individual pursuant to KRS 423.325(3); and (b) At the time of electronic notarization: 1. The individual appearing before the online notary public is located within this state, or elsewhere within the geographic boundaries of a state of the United States; or 2. The individual is located outside the United States and: a. The individual confirms to the online notary public that the record is to be filed with or relates to a matter before a court, governmental entity, public official, or other entity located in the territorial jurisdiction of the United States, or relates to property located in the United States, or relates to a transaction substantially connected to the United States; and b. To the online notary public's actual knowledge, the act of making the statement or signing the record is not prohibited by the jurisdiction in which the individual is located. (3) In addition to the authority of a notary public to refuse to perform a notarial act pursuant to KRS 423.330, a notary public may refuse to perform a notarial act under this section if the notary public is not satisfied that a notarial act performed would conform with subsection (2)(b)2. of this section. (4) If a notarial act involves a statement made in or a signature executed on an electronic record by an individual by means of communication technology, the certificate of notarial act required by KRS 423.360 shall indicate that the individual making the statement or signing the record appeared before the online notary public by means of communication technology. (5) For each electronic notarization, the online notary public shall: (a) Include, in addition to the journal entries required under KRS 423.380, an indication of whether an individual making a statement or executing a signature which is the subject of the notarial act appeared before the online notary public in the notary's physical presence or by means of communication technology; (b) Create a complete recording of the conference session containing the audio- video communication between the online notary public and individual appearing before the online notary public, in accordance with the standards adopted under subsection (7) of this section and KRS 423.415; and (c) Maintain the recording described by paragraph (b) of this subsection for at least ten (10) years after the date of the applicable transaction or proceeding or for the period of retention of a notary public's journal pursuant to KRS 423.380, whichever is longer. (6) Before an online notary public performs any electronic notarizations under this section, the online notary public shall register with the Secretary of State pursuant to KRS 423.390. (7) The Secretary of State may promulgate administrative regulations regarding the performance of electronic notarizations. The administrative regulations may: (a) Prescribe the means of performing a notarial act involving communication technology; (b) Establish standards for communication technology and the process of credential analysis and identity proofing; (c) Establish procedures for the requirements of providers of communication technology; and (d) Establish standards and requirements for the retention of a video and audio copy of the performance of a notarial act. (8) Regardless of the physical location of the individual at the time of the notarial act, the validity of an electronic notarization performed by an online notary public commissioned in this state shall be determined by applying the laws of this state. (9) An online notary public shall take reasonable steps to ensure that: (a) Any registered device or credential used to create an electronic signature is current and has not been revoked or terminated by the device's or credential's issuing or registering authority; (b) The audio-video communication used in an electronic notarization is secure from unauthorized interception or use; (c) A backup exists for all information pertaining to an electronic notarization required to be kept by administrative regulations promulgated pursuant to subsection (7) of this section and KRS 423.415; and (d) The backup described by paragraph (c) of this subsection is secure from unauthorized use. Effective: January 1, 2020 History: Created 2019 Ky. Acts ch. 86, sec. 12, effective January 1, 2020.

KRS 423.360 Certificate of notarial act

423.360. Certificate of notarial act (1) A notarial act shall be evidenced by a certificate. The certificate shall: (a) Be executed contemporaneously with the performance of the notarial act; (b) Be signed and dated by the notarial officer and, if the notarial officer is a notary public, be signed in the same manner as on file with the Secretary of State; (c) Identify the jurisdiction in which the notarial act is performed; (d) Contain the title of office and name of the notarial officer; and (e) If the notarial officer is a notary public, indicate the commission number and date of expiration, if there is an expiration date, of the officer's commission. (2) If a notarial act is performed regarding a tangible record by a notarial officer, including a notary public, the certificate shall contain the information specified in paragraphs (b), (c), and (d) of subsection (1) of this section, along with the additional information in paragraph (e) of subsection (1) of this section, if the certificate is completed by a notary public. An official stamp may be affixed to or embossed on the certificate. If a notarial act regarding an electronic record is performed by a notarial officer, the certificate shall contain the information specified in paragraphs (b), (c), and (d) of subsection (1) of this section, along with the additional information in paragraph (e) of subsection (1) of this section if the certificate is completed by a notary public. An official stamp may be attached to or logically associated with the certificate. (3) A certificate of a notarial act is sufficient if it meets the requirements of subsections (1) and (2) of this section and: (a) Is in a short form set forth in KRS 423.365; (b) Is in a form otherwise permitted by the laws of this state; (c) Is in a form permitted by the law applicable in the jurisdiction in which the notarial act was performed; or (d) Sets forth the actions of the notarial officer and the actions are sufficient to meet the requirements of the notarial act as provided in KRS 423.300 to 423.455 or other law of this state other than KRS 423.300 to 423.455. (4) By executing a certificate of a notarial act, a notarial officer certifies that the officer has complied with the requirements and made the determinations specified in KRS 423.300 to 423.455. (5) A notarial officer may not affix the officer’s signature to, or logically associate it with, a certificate until the notarial act has been performed. (6) If a notarial act is performed regarding a tangible record, a certificate shall be part of, or securely attached to, the record. If a notarial act is performed regarding an electronic record, the certificate shall be affixed to, or logically associated with, the electronic record. If the Secretary of State has established standards pursuant to KRS 423.415 for attaching, affixing, or logically associating the certificate, the process shall conform to the standards. Effective: January 1, 2020 History: Created 2019 Ky. Acts ch. 86, sec. 13, effective January 1, 2020.

KRS 423.365 Short-form certificate

423.365. Short-form certificate The Secretary of State shall promulgate short-form certificates for notarial acts which shall contain space for the information required by KRS 423.360(1) and (2), and include a space to indicate the manner of notarization of the document. Effective: January 1, 2020 History: Created 2019 Ky. Acts ch. 86, sec. 14, effective January 1, 2020.

KRS 423.370 Stamp

423.370. Stamp A notary public commissioned pursuant to KRS 423.300 to 423.455 is not required to use a stamp. If a notary public chooses to use a stamp, the notary public shall have an official stamp which shall: (1) Include the notary public’s name, title, jurisdiction, commission number, and expiration date; and (2) Be capable of being copied together with the record to which it is affixed or attached or with which it is logically associated. Effective: January 1, 2020 History: Created 2019 Ky. Acts ch. 86, sec. 15, effective January 1, 2020.

KRS 423.375 Security of stamping device -- Rendering unusable when no longer valid -- Lost or stolen device

423.375. Security of stamping device -- Rendering unusable when no longer valid -- Lost or stolen device (1) A notary public is responsible for the security of the notary public’s stamping device and may not allow another individual to use the device to perform a notarial act. On resignation from, or the revocation or expiration of, the notary public’s commission, or on the expiration of the date set forth in the stamping device, if any, the notary public shall disable the stamping device by destroying, defacing, damaging, erasing, or securing it against use in a manner that renders it unusable. On the death or adjudication of incompetency of a notary public, the notary public’s personal representative or guardian or any other person knowingly in possession of the stamping device shall render it unusable by destroying, defacing, damaging, erasing, or securing it against use in a manner that renders it unusable. (2) If a notary public’s stamping device is lost or stolen, the notary public or the notary public’s personal representative or guardian shall notify promptly the Secretary of State on discovering that the device is lost or stolen. Effective: January 1, 2020 History: Created 2019 Ky. Acts ch. 86, sec. 16, effective January 1, 2020.

KRS 423.380 Journal of online notary public -- Entries -- Audio-visual recording -- Lost or stolen journal -- Retention and transmission -- Custodian

423.380. Journal of online notary public -- Entries -- Audio-visual recording -- Lost or stolen journal -- Retention and transmission -- Custodian (1) An online notary public shall maintain a journal in which the online notary public chronicles all electronic notarizations that the online notary public performs. The online notary public shall retain the journal for ten (10) years after the performance of the last electronic notarization chronicled in the journal. (2) The journal shall be created in an electronic format. An online notary public may maintain more than one (1) journal to chronicle electronic notarizations. The journal shall be maintained in an electronic format in a permanent, tamper-evident electronic format complying with administrative regulations promulgated pursuant to KRS 423.415. (3) An entry in a journal shall be made contemporaneously with performance of the notarial act and contain the following information: (a) The date and time of the notarial act; (b) A brief description of the record, if any, and type of notarial act as authorized in KRS 423.310; (c) The full name and address of each individual for whom the notarial act is performed; (d) If identity of the individual is based on personal knowledge, a statement to that effect; (e) If identity of the individual is based on satisfactory evidence, a brief description of the method of identification and the identification and the means used as well as the date of issuance and expiration of any identification credential presented; and (f) The fee, if any, charged by the online notary public. (4) If a notarial act involves the use of communication technology, the notary public shall retain the audio-visual recording of the performance of the notarial act in compliance with both KRS 423.355(7) and the administrative regulations promulgated pursuant to KRS 423.415. (5) If a notary public’s journal is lost or stolen, the notary public promptly shall notify the Secretary of State on discovering that the journal is lost or stolen. (6) On resignation from, or the revocation or suspension of, a notary public’s commission, the notary public shall retain the notary public’s journal in accordance with subsection (1) of this section. (7) On the death or adjudication of incompetency of a current or former notary public, the notary public’s personal representative or guardian or any other person knowingly in possession of the journal shall transmit it to the Secretary of State or otherwise as directed in administrative regulations promulgated by the Secretary of State pursuant to KRS 423.415. (8) A notary public may designate a custodian to do any of the following: (a) Maintain the journal required under subsection (1) of this section; or (b) Retain an audio or visual recording of a notarial act required under subsection (4) of this section. Effective: January 1, 2020 History: Created 2019 Ky. Acts ch. 86, sec. 17, effective January 1, 2020.

KRS 423.385 Registration regarding electronic records and notarizations -- Tamper- evident technology -- Standards -- Tangible copy of electronic record

423.385. Registration regarding electronic records and notarizations -- Tamper- evident technology -- Standards -- Tangible copy of electronic record (1) A notary public shall register with the Secretary of State pursuant to KRS 423.390 if the notary public intends to perform notarial acts: (a) With respect to electronic records where the individual will appear before the notary in the notary's physical presence; or (b) As an online notary public to perform electronic notarizations by means of communication technology. (2) A notary public may select one (1) or more tamper-evident technologies to perform notarial acts in the physical presence of the individual signer with respect to electronic records, or to perform electronic notarizations. A person may not require a notary public to perform any notarial act with a technology that the notary public has not selected. (3) If the Secretary of State has established standards respecting technology to perform notarial acts in the physical presence of the individual signer with respect to electronic records, or to perform electronic notarizations, the technology chosen by the notary public shall conform to those standards. (4) A tangible copy of an electronic record containing a notarial certificate may be accepted as satisfying any requirement that a record accepted for recording be an original, if the notarial officer executing the notarial certificate certifies that the tangible copy is an accurate copy of the electronic record. Effective: January 1, 2020 History: Created 2019 Ky. Acts ch. 86, sec. 18, effective January 1, 2020.

KRS 423.390 Commission as notary public -- Requirements -- Oath and filing -- Surety bond -- Change of information -- Renewal of commission -- Administrative regulations -- Registration

423.390. Commission as notary public -- Requirements -- Oath and filing -- Surety bond -- Change of information -- Renewal of commission -- Administrative regulations -- Registration (1) An individual qualified under subsection (2) of this section may apply to the Secretary of State for a commission as a notary public. The applicant shall comply with and provide the information required by administrative regulations promulgated by the Secretary of State and be accompanied by payment of the specified fee. (2) An applicant for a commission as a notary public shall: (a) Be at least eighteen (18) years of age; (b) Be a citizen or permanent legal resident of the United States; (c) Be a resident of or have a place of employment or practice in the county within this Commonwealth where the application is made; (d) Be able to read and write English; (e) Not be disqualified to receive a commission under KRS 423.395; (f) Submit to the Secretary of State any application forms, information, disclosures, and verifications as are required by administrative regulations promulgated by the Secretary of State; (g) Submit to the Secretary of State proof of having obtained the requisite surety bond required under subsection (4) of this section; (h) Take an oath of office as set forth in in subsection (4) of this section; and (i) Submit a fee payment, as specified in KRS 423.430, made payable to the State Treasurer. (3) On compliance with this section, the Secretary of State shall issue a commission as a notary public to an applicant for a term of four (4) years. The Secretary of State shall assign a unique commission number to each notary public, which same commission number shall continue to be assigned to the notary public in the event of the renewal or later issuance of another commission to the same individual notary public. (4) Within thirty (30) days of receiving a notary public commission from the Secretary of State, the applicant shall appear in person to take an oath of office, submit an assurance in the form of a surety bond, and file the commission, all of which shall take place before the county clerk listed in the commission application. The applicant shall pay fees to the county clerk for filing the assurance and administering the oath as set forth in KRS 64.012. (5) The assurance required by this section shall be in the amount of one thousand dollars ($1,000) and shall be issued by a surety or other entity licensed or authorized to do business in this state. The assurance shall cover acts performed during the term of the notary public's commission and shall be in the form prescribed by the Secretary of State. If a notary public violates the law with respect to notaries public in this state, the surety or issuing entity is liable under the assurance. The surety or issuing entity shall give thirty (30) days' notice to the Secretary of State before canceling the assurance or of the assurance's expiration if such expiration is prior to the date of expiration of the notary's commission. A notary public may perform notarial acts in this state only during the period that a valid assurance is on file with the county clerk. (6) A notarial officer may perform a notarial act in any county of the Commonwealth after filing the commission and assurance and taking the oath required by this section, and for so long as the notary public's commission and surety bond are valid and in effect. (7) If, at any time during his or her period of commission under this section, or period of registration under subsection (10) of this section, a notary public changes his or her mail or electronic mail address, county of residence, name, signature, electronic signature, or the technology or device used to perform notarial acts or to maintain his or her journal or to render electronic documents tamper-evident, the notary public shall, within ten (10) days after making the change, submit to the Secretary of State the changed information upon the form and containing all information required by the Secretary of State, along with a fee payment, as specified in KRS 423.430, payable to the State Treasurer. (8) (a) Prior to the expiration of his or her commission period, a notary public may apply to the Secretary of State to renew his or her commission, and shall comply with the qualifications, renewal application filings, and other requirements then applicable to obtaining an original commission from the Secretary of State. The application for commission renewal shall be accompanied by a fee payment, as specified in KRS 423.430, made payable to the State Treasurer. (b) If approved, the Secretary of State shall issue a renewed commission to the notary public for an additional four (4) year term, using the same commission number as the notary public's original commission and indicating the new commission expiration date. (c) Pursuant to the procedures set forth in subsections (4) and (5) of this section, the commission along with the required assurance shall be filed with the county clerk listed in the renewal application, and a new oath of office administered by the county clerk and new fees paid by the notary public to the county clerk, as determined by KRS 64.012. (d) A renewed commission shall be valid and effective only upon compliance with this subsection. A notary public shall have no authority to perform notarial acts during any period between the expiration of his or her current commission and the effective date of any renewal commission. (9) A commission to act as a notary public shall authorize the notary public to perform notarial acts. The commission shall not provide the notary public with any immunity or benefit conferred by the law of this state on public officials or employees. (10) Before performing an initial notarial act with respect to electronic records, or before performing an initial online notarial act, a notary public shall first register with the Secretary of State. The notary public shall: (a) At the time of registration, be a commissioned notary public in this Commonwealth who has complied with the requirements set forth in subsections (1) to (8) of this section, and who has complied with all applicable notarial requirements set forth in this chapter; (b) Register with the Secretary of State by submitting an electronic registration pursuant to this subsection; (c) Pay to the Secretary of State a registration fee payment, as specified in KRS 423.430, which is in addition to the commission application fee required to be a notarial officer in this state and any fees required to be paid to the county clerk to file a commission and assurance and to take an oath pursuant to KRS 62.010; (d) Submit to the Secretary of State any registration forms, information, disclosures, and verifications required by administrative regulations promulgated by the Secretary of State; and (e) Submit to the Secretary of State with the registration proof satisfactory to the Secretary of State that the registrant has satisfied the requirement to post an assurance as a notary public, as set forth in subsections (4) and (5) of this section. (11) The Secretary of State shall promulgate administrative regulations to establish forms and procedures applicable to the registrations governed by subsection (10) of this section, and shall obtain at least the following information in connection with each registration: (a) The registrant's commission number and full legal name as it appears on the registrant's commission, and the name to be used for registration, if different; (b) The county in this state in which the registrant resides or has his or her place of employment or practice; (c) The electronic mail and resident address of the registrant; (d) Whether the registrant is registering to perform one (1) or both of the following: 1. Notarial acts with respect to electronic records in which the individual will appear before the notary in the notary's physical presence; or 2. As an online notary public to perform electronic notarizations; (e) A description of the technologies or devices that the registrant intends to use to perform notarial acts with respect to electronic records or electronic notarizations, to maintain the journal required by KRS 423.380, and to render electronic records tamper-evident after a notarial act is completed, each of which technologies or devices shall comply with any standards established by the Secretary of State; (f) The digital certification of the registrant; and (g) Any other information, evidence, disclosures, or declarations required or deemed beneficial by the Secretary of State pursuant to any administrative regulations promulgated by the Secretary of State. (12) The Secretary of State may reject a registration if the applicant fails to comply with any provision of KRS 423.300 to 423.455. (13) Thirty (30) days after compliance with all registration requirements and payment of the required registration fee, a notary public will be registered with the Secretary of State to perform notarial acts in the physical presence of an individual signer with respect to electronic records, or to perform electronic notarizations as an online notary public, or as both. (14) The Secretary of State may at any time cancel the registration of a notary public to perform notarial acts with respect to electronic records, or as an online notary public to perform electronic notarizations, if the notary public fails to comply with any of the requirements of KRS 423.300 to 423.455 or based upon any of the grounds for revocation or suspension of a notary public's commission. (15) Registration of a notary public under this section is suspended by operation of law when the notary public is no longer commissioned as a notary public in this state. If the commission of a notary public has expired or been revoked or suspended, the Secretary of State shall immediately notify the notary public in writing that his or her registration under this section will be suspended by operation of law until he or she is appointed as a notary public in this Commonwealth. Effective: January 1, 2020 History: Created 2019 Ky. Acts ch. 86, sec. 19, effective January 1, 2020.

KRS 423.395 Denial, revocation, or limitation of commission -- Other remedies

423.395. Denial, revocation, or limitation of commission -- Other remedies (1) The Secretary of State may deny, refuse to renew, revoke, suspend, or impose a condition on a commission as notary public for any act or omission that demonstrates the individual lacks the honesty, integrity, competence, or reliability to act as a notary public, including: (a) Failure to comply with KRS 423.300 to 423.455; (b) A fraudulent, dishonest, or deceitful misstatement or omission in the application for a commission as a notary public submitted to the Secretary of State; (c) A conviction of the applicant or notary public of any felony or a crime involving fraud, dishonesty, or deceit; (d) A finding against, or admission of liability by, the applicant or notary public in any legal proceeding or disciplinary action based on the applicant’s or notary public’s fraud, dishonesty, or deceit; (e) Failure by the notary public to discharge any duty required of a notary public, whether by KRS 423.300 to 423.455, administrative regulations promulgated by the Secretary of State, or any federal or state law; (f) Use of false or misleading advertising or representation by the notary public representing that the notary has a duty, right, or privilege that the notary does not have; (g) Violation by the notary public of an administrative regulation of the Secretary of State regarding a notary public; (h) Denial, refusal to renew, revocation, or suspension of a notary public commission in another state; or (i) Failure of the notary public to maintain an assurance. (2) The authority of the Secretary of State to deny, refuse to renew, suspend, revoke, or impose conditions on a commission as a notary public does not prevent a person from seeking and obtaining other criminal or civil remedies provided by law. Effective: January 1, 2020 History: Created 2019 Ky. Acts ch. 86, sec. 20, effective January 1, 2020.

KRS 423.400 Electronic database of notaries public -- County clerk to record filing and oath

423.400. Electronic database of notaries public -- County clerk to record filing and oath (1) The Secretary of State shall maintain an electronic database of notaries public: (a) Through which a person may verify the authority of a notary public to perform notarial acts; and (b) Which indicates whether a notary public has registered with the Secretary of State in order to perform notarial acts on electronic records or to act as an online notary public. (2) Each county clerk who files a notary public's assurance and administers the oath of office to a notary public shall promptly record the fact and date in the database described in subsection (1) of this section. Effective: January 1, 2020 History: Created 2019 Ky. Acts ch. 86, sec. 21, effective January 1, 2020.

KRS 423.405 Unauthorized actions

423.405. Unauthorized actions (1) A commission as a notary public does not authorize an individual to engage in the practice of law. (2) A notary public shall not engage in false or deceptive advertising. (3) A notary public, other than an attorney licensed to practice law in this state, shall not advertise or represent that the notary public may assist persons in drafting legal records, give legal advice, or otherwise engage in the unauthorized practice of law as defined by rule of the Supreme Court. (4) Except as otherwise allowed by law, a notary public shall not withhold access to or possession of an original record provided by a person that seeks performance of a notarial act by the notary public. Effective: January 1, 2020 History: Created 2019 Ky. Acts ch. 86, sec. 22, effective January 1, 2020.

KRS 423.410 Validity of notarial act

423.410. Validity of notarial act Except as otherwise provided in KRS 423.310(4), the failure of a notarial officer to perform a duty or meet a requirement specified in KRS 423.300 to 423.455 does not invalidate a notarial act performed by the notarial officer. The validity of a notarial act does not prevent an aggrieved person from seeking to invalidate the record or transaction that is the subject of the notarial act or from seeking other remedies based on other laws of this state. This section does not validate a purported notarial act performed by an individual who does not have the authority to perform notarial acts. Effective: January 1, 2020 History: Created 2019 Ky. Acts ch. 86, sec. 23, effective January 1, 2020.

KRS 423.415 Administrative regulations

423.415. Administrative regulations The Secretary of State may promulgate administrative regulations to implement KRS 423.300 to 423.455. Promulgated administrative regulations regarding the performance of notarial acts with respect to electronic records or electronic notarizations shall not require, or accord greater legal status or effect to, the implementation or application of a specific technology or technical specification. The administrative regulations may: (1) Prescribe the manner of performing notarial acts regarding tangible and electronic records; (2) Establish requirements for notarial training or education as a condition of obtaining or renewing a commission or before registering to perform notarial acts with respect to electronic records or to perform electronic notarizations; (3) Include provisions to ensure that any change to or tampering with a record bearing a certificate of a notarial act is self-evident; (4) Include provisions to ensure integrity in the creation, transmittal, storage, or authentication of electronic records or signatures; (5) Prescribe the process of granting, renewing, conditioning, denying, suspending, or revoking a notary public commission and assuring the trustworthiness of an individual holding a commission as notary public; (6) Include provisions to prevent fraud or mistake in the performance of notarial acts; and (7) Establish the process for approving and accepting surety bonds and other forms of assurance under KRS 423.390. Effective: January 1, 2020 History: Created 2019 Ky. Acts ch. 86, sec. 24, effective January 1, 2020.

KRS 423.420 Commission in effect on January 1, 2020 -- Renewal -- Registration as online notary public

423.420. Commission in effect on January 1, 2020 -- Renewal -- Registration as online notary public (1) A commission as a notary public in effect on January 1, 2020, shall continue until its date of expiration. A notary public who applies to renew a commission as a notary public on or after January 1, 2020, shall be subject to and comply with KRS 423.300 to 423.455. A notary public, in performing notarial acts after January 1, 2020, shall comply with KRS 423.300 to 423.455. (2) An existing commission as a notary public does not constitute authority to act as an online notary public. Registration pursuant to KRS 423.390, and compliance with KRS 423.300 to 423.455, is required before a notary public with an existing commission may act as an online notary public. Effective: January 1, 2020 History: Created 2019 Ky. Acts ch. 86, sec. 25, effective January 1, 2020.

KRS 423.425 Validity of notarial act performed before January 1, 2020

423.425. Validity of notarial act performed before January 1, 2020 KRS 423.300 to 423.455 does not affect the validity or effect of a notarial act performed before January 1, 2020. Effective: January 1, 2020 History: Created 2019 Ky. Acts ch. 86, sec. 26, effective January 1, 2020.

KRS 423.430 Fees

423.430. Fees (1) For a notarial act relating to a tangible or electronic record, or for an electronic notarization, a notary public may charge a fee: (a) In compliance with KRS 64.300; and (b) Which has been clearly disclosed to the person requesting the service in advance. (2) Compensation for services provided by a notary public which do not constitute notarial acts is not governed by this section. (3) The Secretary of State may charge the following fees in relation to notaries public: (a) Application for a commission or renewal as a notary public........................$10 (b) Issuance of a replacement commission upon loss or destruction of the original..........................................................................................................$10 (c) Update to commission or registration information upon a change of name or address or other specified information..........................................................$10 (d) Issuance of an electronic certificate of authority or apostille....................................................................................$5 per document (4) In accordance with KRS 64.012, county clerks may assess fees for services required to fulfill obligations set forth in KRS 423.300 to 423.455. Effective: January 1, 2020 History: Created 2019 Ky. Acts ch. 86, sec. 27, effective Januay 1, 2020.

KRS 423.435 Electronic record or paper printout relating to real property deemed to be lawfully recorded or filed

423.435. Electronic record or paper printout relating to real property deemed to be lawfully recorded or filed (1) If an electronic record or paper printout of an electronic record relating to real property located in this state contains an acknowledgment performed by electronic means, notwithstanding any omission or error in the certificate of acknowledgment or failure of the record to show an acknowledgment in compliance with applicable law, upon the record being recorded with the county clerk of the county in which the real property is located or filed with the Secretary of State: (a) The electronic record or paper printout of an electronic record shall be deemed to be lawfully recorded or filed; and (b) All persons, including without limitation any creditor, encumbrancer, mortgagee, subsequent purchaser for valuable consideration, or any other subsequent transferee thereof or of any interest therein, are deemed to have notice of its contents. (2) For the purposes of this section, a record is deemed to comply with all applicable requirements upon the recording by the county clerk of the county in which the real property is located or the filing of the record with the Secretary of State, as required by law. Effective: January 1, 2020 History: Created 2019 Ky. Acts ch. 86, sec. 28, effective January 1, 2020.

KRS 423.440 Presumption of proper notarization -- Immunity of county clerk

423.440. Presumption of proper notarization -- Immunity of county clerk (1) A writing or record that appears on its face to have been properly notarized in accordance with KRS 423.300 to 423.455 shall be presumed to have been notarized properly and may be recorded by the clerk. (2) A writing or record notarized outside this state by a notary public or other person referenced in KRS 423.345 or 423.350 that appears on its face to be properly notarized shall be presumed to have been notarized properly in accordance with the laws and regulations of the jurisdiction in which the document was notarized. (3) The county clerk shall be immune from suit arising from any acts or omissions relating to recording records that have been notarized by electronic means as set forth in KRS 423.300 to 423.455 unless the clerk was grossly negligent or engaged in willful misconduct. Effective: January 1, 2020 History: Created 2019 Ky. Acts ch. 86, sec. 29, effective January 1, 2020.

KRS 423.445 Application of Uniform Electronic Transactions Act

423.445. Application of Uniform Electronic Transactions Act (1) KRS 423.300 to 423.455 are to be construed and applied in a manner consistent with KRS 369.101 to 369.120. In accordance with KRS 369.105, nothing in KRS 423.300 to 423.455 shall affirmatively require any person to create, generate, send, communicate, receive, store, or otherwise process or use electronic records or complete a transaction using electronic means, and in accordance with KRS 369.118, nothing shall require any governmental agency to send and accept electronic records and electronic signatures to and from other persons, or to otherwise create, generate, communicate, store, process, use, and rely upon electronic records and electronic signatures, except as may be otherwise required by law. (2) A requirement that a record or a signature associated with a record be notarized, acknowledged, verified, witnessed, or made under oath is satisfied by a paper printout of an electronic record bearing an electronic signature of the person authorized to perform that act and all other information required to be included pursuant to KRS 369.111. (3) In accordance with KRS 369.118, a governmental agency that accepts paper printouts of electronic records may establish rules, procedures, or requirements governing this acceptance. Effective: January 1, 2020 History: Created 2019 Ky. Acts ch. 86, sec. 30, effective January 1, 2020.

KRS 423.450 Certificate verifying notary public’s signature -- Electronic certificate of authority

423.450. Certificate verifying notary public’s signature -- Electronic certificate of authority (1) With respect only to notarial acts performed in relation to tangible records, the county clerk of a county in whose office any notary public has so filed his or her signature and surety bond shall when requested subjoin to any certificate of proof or acknowledgment signed by the notary a certificate under his or her hand and seal stating that such notary public's written signature is on file in the clerk's office, and was at the time of taking such proof or acknowledgment duly authorized to take the same, that the clerk is well acquainted with the handwriting of the notary public, and believes that the signature to the proof or acknowledgment is genuine. (2) For all notarial acts performed in relation to electronic records that are transmitted to another state or nation, electronic evidence of the authenticity of the official signature and seal of a notary public of this state, if required, shall be attached to, or logically associated with, the record and shall be in the form of an electronic certificate of authority signed by the Office of the Secretary of State in conformance with any current and pertinent international treaties, agreements, and conventions subscribed to by the United States. (3) An electronic certificate of authority evidences the authenticity of the official signature and seal of an online notary public of this state and shall contain substantially the following: "Certificate of Authority for a Notarial Act I, (name), Secretary of State of the Commonwealth of Kentucky, certify that (name of electronic notary), the person named as a Notary Public in the attached or associated electronic document, was indeed commissioned as a Notary Public for the Commonwealth of Kentucky and authorized to act as such at the time of the document's electronic notarization. To verify this Certificate of Authority for a Notarial Act, I have included herewith my electronic signature this day of , (year). (Electronic signature and seal of the Kentucky Secretary of State)" Effective: January 1, 2020 History: Created 2019 Ky. Acts ch. 86, sec. 31, effective January 1, 2020.

KRS 423.455 Notarial act for remotely located individual facilitated by communication technology -- Certificate -- Retention of audio-visual recording -- Notification of Secretary of State -- Administrative regulations -- Service of process

423.455. Notarial act for remotely located individual facilitated by communication technology -- Certificate -- Retention of audio-visual recording -- Notification of Secretary of State -- Administrative regulations -- Service of process (1) A remotely located individual may comply with KRS 423.320 by appearing before a notary public by means of communication technology. (2) A notary public located in this state may perform a notarial act facilitated by communication technology for a remotely located individual if: (a) The notary public: 1. Has personal knowledge pursuant to KRS 423.325(1) of the identity of the individual; 2. Has satisfactory evidence of the identity of the remotely located individual by oath or affirmation from a credible witness appearing before the notary public under KRS 423.325(2); or 3. Reasonably can identify the individual by at least two (2) different types of identity-proofing processes or services; (b) The notary public is able reasonably to identify a record before the notary public as the same record in which the remotely located individual made a statement or on which the remotely located individual executed a signature; (c) The notary public, or a person acting on behalf of the notary public, creates an audio-visual recording of the performance of the notarial act; and (d) For a remotely located individual who is located outside the United States: 1. The record: a. Is to be filed with or relates to a matter before a court, governmental entity, public official, or other entity subject to the jurisdiction of the United States; or b. Involves property located in the territorial jurisdiction of the United States or a transaction substantially connected with the United States; and 2. The act of making the statement or signing the record is not prohibited by the foreign state in which the remotely located individual is located. (3) If a notarial act is performed pursuant to this section, the certificate of notarial act required by KRS 423.360 and the short-form certificate provided in KRS 423.365 shall indicate that the notarial act was performed by means of communication technology. (4) A short-form certificate provided in KRS 423.365 for a notarial act subject to this section is sufficient if it: (a) Complies with administrative regulations promulgated pursuant to subsection (7)(a) of this section; or (b) Is in the form provided by KRS 423.365 and contains a statement substantially as follows: "This notarial act involved the use of communication technology." (5) A notary public, a guardian, a conservator, or agent of a notary public, or a personal representative of a deceased notary public shall retain the audio-visual recording created under subsection (2)(c) of this section or cause the recording to be retained by a repository designated by or on behalf of the person required to retain the recording. Unless a different period is required by administrative regulations promulgated under subsection (7)(d) of this section, the recording shall be retained for no less than ten (10) years after the recording is made. (6) Before a notary public performs the notary public's initial notarial act under this section, the notary public shall notify the Secretary of State that the notary public will be performing notarial acts facilitated by communication technology and identify the technology. If the Secretary of State has established standards for approval of communication technology or identity proofing under subsection (7) of this section, the communication technology and identity proofing shall conform to those standards. (7) In addition to promulgating administrative regulations under KRS 423.415, the Secretary of State may promulgate administrative regulations regarding performance of a notarial act. The administrative regulations may: (a) Prescribe the means of performing a notarial act involving a remotely located individual using communication technology; (b) Establish standards for communication technology and identity proofing; (c) Establish requirements or procedures to approve providers of communication technology and the process of identity proofing; and (d) Establish standards and a period of the retention of an audio-visual recording created under subsection (2)(c) of this section. (8) Before promulgating administrative regulations governing performance of a notarial act with respect to a remotely located individual, the Secretary of State shall consider: (a) The most recent standards regarding the performance of a notarial act with respect to a remotely located individual promulgated by national standard- setting organizations and the National Association of Secretaries of State; (b) Standards, practices, and customs of other jurisdictions that have laws substantially similar to this section; and (c) The views of governmental officials and entities and other interested persons. (9) By allowing its communication technology or identity proofing technology to facilitate a notarial act for a remotely located individual or by providing storage of the audio-visual recording created under subsection (2)(c) of this section, the provider of the technology appoints the Secretary of State as the provider's agent for service of process in any civil action in this state related to the notarial act. Effective: January 1, 2020 History: Created 2019 Ky. Acts ch. 86, sec. 32, effective January 1, 2020. Legislative Research Commission Note (1/1/2020). Although 2019 Ky. Acts ch. 86, sec. 32, contained a citation to "Section 27 of this Act" (codified as KRS 423.430) in subsection (6) of this statute, it is clear from the context that a reference to subsection (7) of this statute was intended. Similarly, a citation to "Section 27 of this Act" in subsection (7) of this statute was clearly intended to refer to Section 24 (codified as KRS 423.415). These manifest clerical or typographical errors were corrected in codification under the authority of KRS 7.136.

KRS 423.460 Relation of KRS 382.075, 382.076, and 423.300 to 423.455 to Electronic Signatures in Global and National Commerce Act

423.460. Relation of KRS 382.075, 382.076, and 423.300 to 423.455 to Electronic Signatures in Global and National Commerce Act KRS 382.075, 382.076, and 423.300 to 423.455 modify, limit, and supersede the Electronic Signatures in Global and National Commerce Act, 15 U.S.C. secs. 7001 et seq., but do not modify, limit, or supersede Section 101(c) of that act, 15 U.S.C. sec. 7001(c), or authorize electronic delivery of any of the notices described in Section 103(b) of that act, 15 U.S.C. sec. 7003(b). Effective: January 1, 2020 History: Created 2019 Ky. Acts ch. 86, sec. 35, effective January 1, 2020.

KRS 423.465 Conflict between laws

423.465. Conflict between laws In the event of a conflict between the provisions of this chapter and any other law in this state, the provisions of this chapter shall control. Effective: January 1, 2020 History: Created 2019 Ky. Acts ch. 86, sec. 36, effective January 1, 2020.

Source: Kentucky Legislative Research Commission (legislature.ky.gov)URL: https://apps.legislature.ky.gov/law/statutes/chapter.aspx?id=39284Fetched: 10/20/2026