Fort Worth Zoning Ordinance § 4.1300 LOW INTENSITY MIXED-USE (“MU-1”) DISTRICT.
§ 4.1300 LOW INTENSITY MIXED-USE (“MU-1”) DISTRICT.
(a) Purpose and intent. It is the purpose and intent of the Low Intensity Mixed-Use (MU-1) District to provide areas in which a variety of housing types exist among neighborhood-serving commercial and institutional uses. The MU-1 District is designed to accommodate and encourage compact, walkable development forms that are more land-efficient, cost-effective, and revenue positive for the City than low density, single-use developments. In addition to the purpose statements above, the intent of the MU-1 District is to:
(1) Promote a pedestrian-oriented urban form. In contrast to conventional zoning standards that place a primary emphasis on the regulation of land uses, mixed-use development standards and guidelines focus on promoting a walkable, urban form of development, consistent with the surrounding areas historic urban development patterns. The focus on form promotes buildings that conform to tested urban design principles.
(2) Require excellence in design of the public realm and of buildings that front public spaces. The most successful and memorable urban environments are those in which walking down the street is appealing. Streets, plazas, parks, and other public spaces should be comfortable and inviting, and buildings fronting those spaces should be active and visually interesting at the pedestrian level.
(3) Encourage creativity, architectural diversity, and exceptional design. Mixed-use is intended to promote high quality design, and the development review process for mixed-use projects is intended to promote flexibility. Standards, as well as the development review process, are intended to support creativity and exceptional design while discouraging uniformity.
(4) Promote sustainable development that minimizes negative impacts on natural resources. Creating walkable, higher density residential districts surrounding mixed-use districts supports sustainable development by providing an alternative to low density development in peripheral areas. In accordance with sustainable development principles, the mixed-use buildings and public spaces should be designed to minimize negative impacts on air and water quality and promote innovation in environmental design.
(5) Promote walkability. Walkable communities are desirable places to live, work, and play. Walkable communities give higher priority to pedestrian activity by creating streetscapes that are safe, comfortable, interesting, and that accommodate a wide range of transportation modes and users. To foster walkability, development patterns should promote a mix of land uses and density, have an emphasis on the placement and orientation of buildings, have properly placed parking, place a high value on the design of quality streetscapes, provide access to transit, and provide unimpeded pedestrian connections to multiple destinations and open space.
(6) Maximize connectivity and access. In order for people to feel comfortable walking, pedestrian access and connectivity among uses and amenities, including transit facilities, is essential. Connectivity and access can be accomplished by creating smaller blocks or by providing access through blocks via publicly accessible alleys, pathways, paseos, and pedestrian boulevards. Sidewalks should form a continuous network connected by frequent, safe street crossing.
(7) Promote affordable housing and mixed income communities. Design a mix of housing based on geographic growth projections and the needs of current and future residents to accommodate families, single occupants, the elderly and those with disabilities. Access to transportation and services should be a key factor in the future distribution and allocation of affordable housing.
(b) Review procedures for development.
(1) General requirements. Projects should conform to all mixed-use standards. Staff may also refer an administrative case or a case that does not require waivers to the UDC for failure to meet the Purpose and Intent of the ordinance.
(2) General rule allowing waiver or modification of standards.
a. Director or designee. The Director or designee is authorized to grant modifications to certain development standards with a maximum modification up to 10% increase or decrease for the following development standards:
1. Setbacks for additions to existing structures.
2. Bufferyard width.
3. Primary entrance separation.
4. Fenestration.
b. Urban Design Commission. Unless otherwise limited by this section, the Urban Design Commission (UDC), may waive or modify any individual development standards through the issuance of a Certificate of Appropriateness, if the UDC finds that the proposed development is consistent with the intent statements of the MU-1 District but does not conform to certain development standards. A Certificate of Appropriateness shall expire if a building permit is not received within two years of the approval of the Certificate of Appropriateness.
c. Board of Adjustment. Any waiver of basic property development related to building heights, setbacks and bulk require a variance to the Board of Adjustment after a recommendation from the Urban Design Commission.
d. Zoning Commission/City Council. Any zoning proposal requesting a Planned Development "PD" zoning district that uses the MU-1 District as the base zoning, inclusive of any waivers from MU-1 design standards, must receive a recommendation from the Urban Design Commission prior to a public hearing by the Zoning Commission or the City Council.
(3) Conceptual Land Use Plan. To facilitate compliance with the MU-1 District regulations, a conceptual land use plan must be submitted to the Director of designee for review and approval prior to submitting permit applications. The conceptual land use plan must include the following:
a. The anticipated location of proposed streets, sidewalks and walkways, building footprints, parking areas, landscaped areas and features, and open space. A change of 5% or greater in land uses to an approved conceptual land use plan will require a new project review and approval prior to permitting.
b. The conceptual land use plan shall illustrate the proposed location of land uses on the site, using the following land use categories:
1. All residential (single-family, one-or-two-family attached, multi-family, etc.) Leasing offices in multifamily developments shall count towards residential use calculations.
2. Commercial/industrial.
3. Institutional/dedicated public parks (e.g. hospitals, schools, churches, government buildings, dedicated public parks and the likes).
4. Mixed-use buildings (a mix of residential and non-residential within the same building, meeting the percentage requirements defined in subsection (d)(7)a.
c. Parking facilities and private open spaces shall be classified the same as the primary land use they serve.
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(4) Proximity test. Developments that are 90% or greater residential uses must perform a proximity test to ensure a mix of uses in the surrounding area. No development that comprises 90% or greater residential uses shall be permitted unless the Director, determines one of the following:
a. The residential land use category within a 1,320-foot radius of the proposed project site boundary, shall not occupy greater than 70% of the total land area. The proposed development shall be included in the calculation of this percentage. The land use area percentages shall be based on the current land uses and calculated using land use information obtained from the applicable tax appraisal district, site visits, or property research; or
b. There are demonstratable unique site conditions (e.g. adjacency to natural features, freight yards, etc.) make compliance with the conditions of section i above impractical in certain areas of the development site.
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(c) Uses. In the MU-1 District, no building or land use shall be used and no building shall be hereafter erected, reconstructed, altered or enlarged, nor shall a Certificate of Occupancy be issued, except in accordance with the use table in Chapter 4, Article 12, and the supplemental standards of Chapter 5. Residential, commercial, and institutional uses may occupy the same building lot.
(1) Building types. The following non-exhaustive list of conceptual building illustrations demonstrate the recommended building forms for the MU-1 District. Additional building types and configurations that comply with the intent and regulations of the MU-1 district are encouraged. All intent statements are addressed through development standards set out in § 4.1300 (d) through (h).
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a. General commercial. A development type with nonresidential uses. Ground story spaces are flexible enough to accommodate a variety of nonresidential uses. Upper stories are used for offices and/or other types of compatible nonresidential uses.
b. Mixed-use shopfront. A development type with ground-story retail and upper-story residential and/or office uses.
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c. Apartment/condominium. Multifamily residential development type that often shares a common entrance. Primary entrances are prominent and street-facing. An elevated ground floor for residential uses is recommended to improve privacy. Parking for an apartment/condominium building is allowed on the side or rear of the building, but the preferred method is at the rear of the building or within a parking structure. A townhouse form shall be considered an apartment/condominium when the homes are on one platted lot and not on individually platted lots with ground floor separate entrances to each unit.
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d. One-family attached (townhouse). A two- or three-story building with two or more attached dwelling units consolidated into a single structure and platted into individual lots. An elevated ground floor for residential uses is recommended to improve privacy. A townhouse form is regarded as an apartment/condominium when on one platted lot and not individually platted lots with ground floor separate entrances to each unit.
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e. Manor house. A building that has the appearance of a conventional single-family dwelling with three to five attached dwelling units consolidated in a single structure. Dwelling units within a building may be situated either wholly or partially over or under other dwelling units.
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f. Two-family attached (duplex). A building with two dwelling units on an individual lot separated by a shared common wall. Dwelling units within a building may be situated either wholly or partially over or under other dwelling units.
(d) Development standards.
(1) General yard development standards. Development shall be exempt from Chapter 6, Article 1, §§ 6.101(b), 6.101(c), 6.101(d), and 6.101(f).
(2) Setbacks. The chart below represents the minimum and maximum setbacks for buildings and structures within a MU-1 District.
Requirement | Distance
1. Primary street (min./max.) | 0'/20'
2. Side street (min./max.) | 0'/20'
3. Rear yard (min.) | 5'
4. *Common lot line (min.) | 0'
*Subject to building code spacing requirements
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a. Buildings on corner lots shall not exceed the maximum front yard setback on primary and side streets.
b. Buildings may exceed the maximum 20-foot setback if angled, perpendicular, or parallel parking on private property meets the conditions of subsection (e)(3)a. In these situations, the front yard setback shall be measured from the curb instead of the property line, and the setback shall be no greater than 20 feet.
c. Campus developments. Interior buildings constructed as part of a campus development may be set back from the property line more than 20 feet if at least 50% of the public street frontage on each block face within the development contains buildings within the maximum setback of 20 feet. Interior buildings setback farther than 20 feet may not be constructed until the 50% requirement has been satisfied.
Note: A campus development is defined as a unified group of buildings and/or facilities located on a contiguous parcel and operated as a place of worship, school, or hospital.
(3) Minimum height single-use. One (1) story at a minimum of 18 feet total as measured from the top of the finished slab at grade level to the top of the highest wall facade.
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Note: Development in the MU-1 District is exempt from § 6.100. An unroofed and unenclosed roof top terrace, and the enclosed stairwell or elevator that strictly provides access to the terrace, shall not be included in the measurement of the total building height. Refer to §§ 5.136 and 5.137 Telecommunication Antenna and Towers.
a. For sloped sites, average grade is determined by calculating the average of the highest and lowest elevation along natural or the improved grade (whichever is more restrictive) along the front of the building parallel to the primary street setback line.
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b. Where a lot of slopes downward from the front property line, one story that is additional to the specified maximum number of stories may be built on the lower rear portion of the lot.
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(4) Maximum height general.
Building Floor | Maximum Height in Feet
Ground floor | 20 feet
Additional floors above ground floor | 15 feet per floor
Apartment/condominiums top floor | 20 feet
(5) Maximum height single- use. Three stories as measured from the top of the finished slab at grade level to the top of the highest wall top plate.
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(6) Minimum residential units per acre. None, except when a residential mixed-use project is located within 1,320 feet of an entrance to an existing or approved passenger rail station or stop: 20.
(7) Maximum residential units per acre.
Maximum Building Height and Use | Maximum Units Per Acre
3 stories, single use with surface parking | 40 units/acre
3 stories, single use with structure parking | 50 units/acre
4 stories, single use, with height bonus (structured parking or open space) | 60 units/acre
4 stories, single use, with height bonuses (structured parking and open space) | 70 units/acre
5 stories, single use, with height bonuses (structured parking and open space) | 70 units/acre
5 stories, mixed-use | 80 units/acre
(8) Height bonus options. Height bonuses can be utilized cumulatively but shall not allow for heights beyond the established five story maximum. When adjacent to a one-or-two family district, all height bonuses must adhere to the transitional height plane requirements, see subsection (f)(1)d.
a. Mixed-use building. A maximum of five stories provided that;
1. Residential uses account for no less than 20% of a building's gross floor area, and;
2. Office, eating and entertainment, and/or retail sales and service use account for no less than 10% of the building's gross floor area.
3. Live/work units may count toward the mixed-use requirement however, only the commercial square footage and its required restroom space of the unit shall count toward the calculation. All live/work units require a commercial certificate of occupancy (CO).
(i) Not exceed 3,000 square feet.
(ii) Maintain between 10% and 50% commercial space.
(iii) Not exceed five onsite employees who do not live in the unit.
(iv) Maintain adjacency between commercial and exterior entry.
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b. Structured parking. The intent of allowing a height bonus of structured parking is to locate and design surface parking lots, individual garages, and large parking garages so as to reduce their visual impact or to create public amenities or both (e.g., through aesthetic or environmental features).
1. One additional story of height shall be permitted if providing structured parking for the project. Structured parking is intended to provide 100% of all off-street parking for the height bonus.
2. One-and-two family residential garages shall not be included in a determination of the applicability of the structured parking height bonus.
c. Open space. One additional story of height shall be permitted if providing a publicly accessible pocket park that adhere to the following standards.
Note: Utilizing the open space height bonus does not exempt a development from applicable park dedication fees.
1. Use criteria.
(i) Pocket parks must provide a community benefit such as: play activity for children, relaxing spaces to enjoy lunch or meet friends, interactive artwork, pet-friendly areas, or small event and garden space.
2. Location.
(i) Pocket parks must front public streets and be publicly accessible.
Note: Refer to subsection (h)(5), Development Standards Applicable to Privately Owned Streets and Drives with Public Access Easements.
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3. Size.
(i) Two thousand five hundred (2,500) square feet minimum.
(ii) One (1) acre maximum.
4. Green space.
(i) Pocket parks shall provide a minimum of 20% ground level green space. Additional ground area may be impervious provided the space is structured for recreation, including, but not limited to sculpture gardens, basketball courts, or tennis courts.
(ii) All pocket parks require tree planting. Tree planting requirement may be waived for areas that are designed for structured recreation.
5. Seating.
(i) A minimum of one linear foot of seating shall be required for every 300 square feet of gross open space.
6. Fencing.
(i) Fencing for pocket parks must conform to subsection (h)(2) and must remain open to the public during daylight hours.
7. Maintenance.
(i) Pocket parks that are privately owned and maintained must be publicly accessible or:
(ii) Must be dedicated in perpetuity as public open space through the recording of a public use easement and have an established long-term maintenance agreement with the Park and Recreation Department.
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(9) Applicability. Where existing buildings are affected by a rezoning to a Mixed-Use district, certain MU-1 standards will apply to subsequent or redevelopment of the building, depending on the extent of the improvement. The following table describes changes in intensity based on the uses as defined by the Institute of Traffic Engineers (ITE) trip generation and changes that increase the structure footprint or usable area. Usable area includes a change of use of any outdoor area from what was not a usable, occupiable area prior to the change.
| 0% to 15% Increase | >15% but <30% Increase | >30% Increase
Sidewalk | Required if existing sidewalks are substandard as determined by TPW | Required if existing sidewalks are substandard as determined by TPW | Required if existing sidewalks are substandard as determined by TPW
Enhanced Landscaping | Does Not Apply; Street Trees shall be installed if not existing | Applies; Street Trees shall be installed as part of the total points if not existing | Applies; Street Trees shall be installed as part of the total points if not existing
Setbacks | Does Not Apply | Applies in new footprint | Applies in new footprint
Fenestration | Does Not Apply | Applies in new footprint or any areas of the existing building being modified | Applies in new footprint or any areas of the existing building being modified
Entrances | Does Not Apply | Applies in new footprint | Applies in new footprint
Urban Forestry | Does Not Apply unless new or expanded parking lots are provided | Applies in new footprint including any new or expanded parking lots | Applies in new footprint including any new or expanded parking lots
(e) Off-street parking and loading.
(1) Commercial and mixed-use parking.
Location | Requirement as a Percentage of Parking Requirement Listed in Section 6.201(B)
Minimum | Maximum**
Project not located within 250 feet of a one- or two-family zoned property | None* | 100%
Project located within 250 feet of a one- or two- family zoned property | 75% | 100%
Project located within 1,320 feet of an existing or approved passenger rail station or stop | 50% | 100%
*Residential uses as part of a mixed-use building shall provide required parking as listed in the residential parking table
**For mixed-use buildings and projects, the maximum parking requirement shall be the sum of the individual requirements for all uses.
(2) Residential parking.
Building Type/Use | Requirement | Proximity to Rail Station If the Development is Within 1,320 feet of a Rail Transit Station:
Townhouse | 2 spaces per dwelling unit.See subsection (e)(5) for location requirements. | 1 space per dwelling unit.See subsection (e)(5) for location requirements.
Duplex and Manor House (2+ units) | 2 spaces per dwelling unit; Plus, 1 space per bedroom over three bedrooms per dwelling unit.See subsection (e)(4) for location requirements for duplexes. | 1 space per dwelling unit; Plus, 1 space per bedroom over three bedrooms per dwelling unit.See subsection (e)(4) for location requirements for duplexes.
Apartment/Condominium | *0.75 to 1 space required per bedroom;Plus, 2 spaces per 500 square feet of leasing office and/or social rooms | *0.5 to 1 space required per bedroom; Plus, 2 spaces per 500 square feet of leasing office and/or social rooms.
*All partial spaces are rounded up.
(3) Other off-street parking and loading standards.
Note: These requirements supersede the parking requirements of § 6.201(b). All other requirements of Chapter 6, Article 2 apply.
a. Surface parking shall not be permitted between a building front and the street, provided however, angled, perpendicular or parallel parking that is designed to function as on-street parking shall be permitted if it meets the following three conditions:
1. The city's Traffic Engineer determines that the parking does not adversely affect public safety or circulation and satisfies the conditions described in § 22-175d of the City Code.
2. Each parking space is located adjacent to and is directly accessible from a public street or publicly accessible private street, and
3. Surface parking permitted between a building front and the street (on-street parking) and the required pedestrian walkway shall be either dedicated as public right-of-way or be included in a public access easement recorded in the real property records of the county. The front yard setback shall be measured from the curb instead of the property line, and the setback shall be no greater than 20 feet.
b. The required off-street parking for any use may be located off-site, on property within 500 feet of the subject site.
c. Adjacent on-street parking may be applied toward the minimum parking requirements only when it is located completely out of the travel lanes, provided; however, this shall not reduce the pertinent maximum parking limitations.
d. Joint use parking facilities may be used to meet minimum parking requirements in accordance with the following:
1. The total number of spaces shall not exceed the sum of the maximum spaces allowed for all individual uses sharing the facility.
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2. There must be two or more uses on the same site, or on separate sites that are able to share the same parking spaces because their parking demands occur at different times.
3. The following documentation must be submitted in writing as part of the building permit application or site plan review:
(i) The names and addresses of the uses and of the owners or tenants that are sharing the parking;
(ii) The location and number of parking spaces that are being shared;
(iii) An analysis showing that the peak parking demands for the different uses occur at different times, and that the parking area will supply at least the minimum number of required spaces for each use during its respective peak parking times; and,
(iv) A legal instrument such as an easement or deed restriction that guarantees access to the joint parking for all uses.
e. Uses located in historically significant buildings shall be exempt from off-street parking requirements pursuant to § 6.201(b)(3). For the purpose of this exemption, historically significant buildings shall include those determined by the Historic Preservation Officer to be eligible, based on the applicable criteria, for:
1. Listing in the National Register of Historic Places; or
2. Local designation as either Historic and Cultural Landmark ("HC") or Highly Significant Endangered ("HSE").
f. Maximum surface parking lot frontage.
Intent: The intent of enforcing a maximum surface parking lot frontage is to establish a prominent and continuous street wall that promotes a multimodal, pedestrian-friendly environment while reducing the visual dominance and negative pedestrian impacts of large, street-facing surface parking lots.
1. The percentage of parking lot frontage along any street shall not exceed the following maximums:
(i) Forty percent (40%) of the development site's total frontage length along a project's primary streets; and
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(ii) Seventy percent (70%) of the development site's total frontage length along a project's side streets.
2. Parking lot frontage measurements shall include the combined frontage length of any paved and/or drivable surface that functions as part of a parking lot's circulation, such as, but not limited to, drive aisles and parking spaces.
(4) Parking location for two-family dwellings.
a. All parking shall be located behind the front building line.
b. Garage doors that face the street must be located a minimum of 20 feet behind any front wall plane of a structure facing a publicly accessible ROW.
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(5) Parking location for one-family attached (townhouse, rowhouse).
a. Garages must be placed entirely to the rear of the primary structure and accessed through the use of a rear driveway or alley.
b. Garage doors must face the rear driveway or alley.
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(6) Bicycle parking. Must comply with § 6.204 of the Zoning Ordinance.
(f) Buffers, landscaping, and pedestrian lighting.
(1) Bufferyard and supplemental building setback.
a. For the purpose of this section, the MU-1 District shall be considered a nonresidential district.
b. When building a two-unit attached dwelling (duplex) within the MU-1 District, a bufferyard and supplemental setback is not required when adjacent to a one-or-two family district.
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c. All uses within the MU-1 district adjacent to a one- or two-family district, other than the uses listed in item b. above, must conform to the supplemental building setback and bufferyard width standards required for the Neighborhood Commercial ("E") District, as described in § 6.300(c) Area Requirements. See § 6.300(d) through (i) for bufferyard requirements.
d. All uses within the MU-1 district adjacent to a one-or two-family district must use a transitional height plane of 45 degrees to portions of a building above three stories or 45 feet, whichever is less starting from the property line of the one-or-two-family district.
1. Any portion of a building three stories must be set back so that the building does not encroach beyond the transitional height plane.
2. These supplemental building setbacks and transitional height plane requirements shall not apply to buildings adjacent to one-or-two-family districts that serve as public open space, such as parks and drainage ways.
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(2) Enhanced landscaping and pedestrian lighting. Street trees and pedestrian-scaled lighting are required along all public rights-of-way in the MU-1 district, see subsection (h)(5). Adherence to the landscape ordinance, § 6.301 is encouraged, except as here-in provided.
a. The Director, or their designee, may administratively approve any modifications to streetscape requirements caused by mature trees, utility conflicts, fire hydrants, shallow underground utilities, curb cuts or any other obvious impediment, which could prevent the planting of a tree.
b. Street trees.
1. Trees must be planted within a planting strip or flush with the sidewalk surface using tree grates as follows:
(i) Tree grates must be adjustable to allow for tree growth and securely attached. Inner rings must be easily removed with an Allen wrench.
(ii) Tree grate openings shall not exceed 3/8 of an inch.
2. Exceptions.
(i) In the event that infrastructure prevents the use of at-grade planting, a raised planter or crushed stone may be used if approved by the Director or designee.
(ii) Other techniques to provide the street trees will be considered on a case-by-case basis and may be approved by the Director or their designee, or the Director or designee may send the matter to the Urban Design Commission for consideration and decision.
3. Spacing.
CANOPY SIZE | SPACING (ON CENTER)
Small/Medium Canopy | 25-30 ft.
Large Canopy | 35-40 ft.
4. If there are no street trees existing on the project's block face, then spacing is measured from the end of the block beginning 40 feet from the curb intersection to accommodate public open space easement requirements.
c. Pedestrian-scaled lighting.
1. New public and private development must provide pedestrian lights within the roadside's street tree/furniture zone.
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2. Required spacing. Pedestrian lights must be located approximately at the midpoint between two trees and spaced a maximum of 60 feet apart.
3. Pedestrian-scaled lighting style must be approved by the Transportation and Public Works Department (TPW) and be consistent with other pedestrian lights on the same block.
4. If there are no pedestrian lights existing on the project's block face, then the spacing is measured from the end of the block. If pedestrian-scaled lights exist, then spacing is measured from existing lights.
d. Section 6.301(h) "Landscape Area Required" does not apply to developments in the MU-l district provided however, the following are applicable in MU-1:
1. All landscaped areas must be located outside the perimeter of the footprint of a building or structure;
2. Protected by wheel stops, curbs or other physical barriers where adjacent to vehicle use areas;
3. Be covered with grass, organic mulch, live ground cover, decorative paving, sidewalk furniture or other decorative elements;
4. Landscaped bioretention areas are encouraged for natural drainage channels to reduce runoff and increase infiltration;
5. When there is a front yard setback of at least five feet, front yard landscaping is required for areas outside the ground level patios, parkways, and pedestrian walkways. Front yard landscaping must adhere to the shrub and native plans as listed in Table A of § 6.301(h), as well as other applicable regulations described or referenced within the MU-1 regulations.
e. Irrigation. An irrigation system must be installed to provide total water coverage to all plant materials installed pursuant to § 6.301 (i) Irrigation.
(3) Landscaping in parking and driveway areas.
Intent: The MU-1 district is intended to create a public environment in which pedestrian safety, interest, and comfort are paramount. Therefore, parking areas that front public streets and pedestrian pathways shall be screened to minimize pedestrians' view of parked vehicles and the impact of vehicle headlights.
a. Parking lots and driveways that are located adjacent and parallel to a public street must be screened from the public right-of-way with landscaping, berms, fences, or walls a minimum of 3 feet in height measured from parking lot grade to a maximum of four feet in height.
b. Landscape islands, linear landscaping strips, bio-swales, or rain gardens must be required in parking lots with 12 or more spaces. All landscape islands and strips shall have at least one tree.
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c. Every parking space is required to be not more than 60 feet from a large canopy tree or 40 feet from a medium canopy tree, planted within a median, strip or island, measured from the trunk at planting.
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d. Required size of landscape islands and linear landscaping strips containing trees:
1. Within parking lots with non-porous surfaces: 130 square feet; eight feet minimum width.
2. Planted in structured soil: 64 square feet; eight feet minimum width. The use of approved structural soil shall be limited to landscape islands and adjacent walkways and parking area necessary for proper tree growth. Structural soils must not be used for fire lanes in parking lots.
3. Within parking lots with approved porous surfaces for parking areas excluding fire lanes: 16 square feet. Tree trunks should be protected by wheel stops or other physical barriers excluding curbs.
e. Linear landscaping strips are encouraged in lieu of landscaping islands where possible.
(4) Urban forestry.
a. Developments with surface parking lots must provide 40% canopy coverage over new, expanded, or reconstructed surface parking.
b. Submission of applicable urban forestry plans for review shall comply with § 6.302 (g), Urban Forestry Plan/Permits.
(g) Facade design standards.
(1) Parking structure facades.
a. Facade design. All parking structure facades that face a public space must be designed to incorporate architectural elements and materials that complement the adjacent building or buildings in the area.
b. Ground level screening. Screening must be incorporated to minimize the visual impact of garages and parked cars at the pedestrian level. Landscaping, including trees and shrubs, may be utilized for screening purposes but must screen at least 50% of pedestrian level parking garage facades immediately upon installation, with species selected to eventually provide a full 100% screening.
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c. Parking structure openings. Parking structure vehicle access facing public and private streets, excluding alleys, shall not exceed 25 feet along the same frontage.
1. For multifamily buildings less than 150 feet in width, the parking structure opening, the parking structure, or both combined, shall not exceed 50% of the ground floor street facade, with the remaining facade for occupiable space.
2. For multifamily buildings 150 feet or more in width, the parking structure opening, the parking structure, or both combined, shall not exceed 25% of ground floor street facade, with the remaining facade for occupiable space.
d. The property owner is responsible for maintaining all required landscaping in good health and condition and the removal of any litter that has accumulated in landscaped areas. Any dead, unhealthy, damaged or missing landscaping and screening must be replaced with landscaping and screening that conforms to this subsection within 90 days (or within 180 days where weather concerns would jeopardize the health of plant materials).
(2) Facade variation.
a. Each new building facade that is greater than 50 feet in width and is oriented to a publicly accessible street or open space must incorporate each of the following scaling elements. For building facades less than 50 feet in width, a minimum of two elements are required.
1. Expression of building structural elements such as:
(i) Floors (banding, belt courses, etc. not less than one inch deep and four inches wide).
(ii) Columns (pilasters, piers, quoins, etc. not less than one inch deep and six inches wide).
(iii) Foundation (water tables, rustication).
2. At least two variation in wall plane not less than three feet in depth or projection and not less than two stories in height for multi-story buildings. Such elements could include patterns of door and window openings by utilizing sills, mullions, and other scale providing window elements, and/or more pronounced architectural features such as porches, alcoves, and roof dormers;
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3. Changes in material, material pattern, or noticeable change in color or shade. Each change of material shall involve a minimum one-inch variation in wall plane or noticeable change in color.
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[image omitted; see the official code]
b. New building facades oriented to a publicly accessible street or open space must include differentiation between the first and the upper levels with a canopy, balcony, arcade, or other architectural features.
c. If a project consists of more than one block face, each sequential block of new construction must contain a different building facade to encourage architectural variety within large projects, using the required architectural elements listed in subsection (g)(3)a above and/or other architectural features.
(3) Fenestration.
Intent: Providing fenestration encourages interaction between the pedestrian and the ground-story space. The intent of requiring clear fenestration is to allow pedestrians to view activities inside the building or displays related to those activities.
a. New single use commercial and mixed-use building facades fronting publicly accessible street or open space shall meet the following requirements:
Project Type | Fenestration Requirement
Primary and Secondary Street
Project Type | Fenestration Requirement
Primary and Secondary Street
Mixed-Use and Commercial |
Ground Story (2'-12' above grade) | 40%
Upper Stories | 25%
Residential |
Ground Story (2'-12' above grade) | None
Upper Stories | None
b. Clear glazing shall have a visible transmittance rating of 0.5 or greater to count towards the fenestration requirement.
c. The following alternatives may count towards a portion of the fenestration requirement and can be used in singular or in combination. Alternatives may count no more than 50% of the total fenestration requirement.
Alternative | Percentage of Alternative Counting Towards Total Requirement
Windows at the ground story but outside the 2-12' zone | 40%
Wall mounted or recessed display cases at least 4' high | 40%
Walk-up automated teller machines, video rental or similar kiosk | 40%
Translucent, fritted, patterned, or color glazing | 40%
Energy efficient windows that do not meet the .5 transmittance requirement | 40%
Outdoor dining/seating located between the building and street | 60%
[image omitted; see the official code]
[image omitted; see the official code]
(4) Building materials. Not less than 70% of all new building facades (not including door and window areas) facing publicly accessible streets or open space shall be constructed of the following masonry materials:
a. Stone.
b. Brick.
c. Terra cotta.
d. Patterned pre-cast concrete.
e . Cement piaster stucco.
f. Cement board siding.
g. Cast stone or prefabricated brick panels.
[image omitted; see the official code]
(5) Building entries.
Intent: The intent of building entries is to create a pedestrian-oriented development in which buildings are oriented toward publicly accessible streets and sidewalks.
a. The principle building must have its main entrance from a public sidewalk or plaza, or from a private sidewalk or plaza that is publicly accessible through a public use easement. Interior buildings constructed as part of a campus development are exempt from these requirements (see subsection (d)(4)c, Campus Development).
b. Primary entrances shall not be from a parking lot.
c. Secondary entrances from parking lots are permitted.
d. All public building entrances for commercial developments and primary entrances for residential units must incorporate arcades, roofs, porches, alcoves, or awnings that protect pedestrians from the sun and rain.
[image omitted; see the official code]
[image omitted; see the official code]
e. Residential entries.
1. Apartments, condominiums, and manor houses with street level units must provide individual street-oriented entries for each unit along the primary street frontage.
[image omitted; see the official code]
2. Apartments and condominiums must provide primary entrances at intervals not to exceed 125 linear feet of street- oriented building frontage. Entrance spacing is measured from the edge of door to the edge of the next door.
3. Townhouses must have individual street- oriented entries for each unit.
4. Manor houses must have a single primary entrance.
[image omitted; see the official code]
5. A duplex may have one primary entrance for each unit. Each primary entrance into a duplex must be provided under a shared porch or one of the entrances must be accessed from a side facade of the structure.
f. Commercial entries.
1. Each retail use with exterior ground level exposure along a street or public space shall have an individual public entry from the street or public space.
2. Entrances to corner buildings with ground floor retail uses shall be located at the corner of the primary street.
(h) Other development standards.
(1) Signs. In addition to the development standards in Chapter 6, Article 4, the following provisions apply:
a. In addition to signs allowed in Chapter 6, Article 4, one or more attached project identifier or wayfinding signs may be erected on each facade of the occupied space.
Note: Doors and windows shall be included in the calculation of the facade area.
1. Signs may have a total area of 10% of the area of the facade to which the signs are attached, with a maximum aggregate area of 500 square feet per facade.
2. The facade area shall be calculated by multiplying the width times the height, with a maximum calculated height of 15 feet.
3. For structures exceeding 15 feet in height, allowable sign square footage shall be calculated as 0.75 square feet per linear foot of building facade.
(2) Fences, gates, and walls.
a. Complexes with perimeter security fencing along public streets are prohibited.
b. Fences shall not be located in the area between the front building facade and the public street frontage or public open space.
c. Exterior fences and gates that are located along public streets, along private streets or walkways that are publicly accessible through a public use easement, or along publicly accessible open space shall not extend beyond building facades.
d. All fences and walls along public street frontage or public open space that are taller than four feet must be open design.
e. All fences and railings must be architecturally compatible with the character of the building and be constructed of high-quality materials including: wrought iron, composite fencing, treated wood, aluminum, or metal. Chain link, barbed wire, and concertina wire material is prohibited.
[image omitted; see the official code]
[image omitted; see the official code]
f. All walls must be architecturally compatible with the character of the building and constructed of high-quality materials including stone, decorative blocks, brick, cast stone, or stucco over standard concrete masonry blocks.
g. For a private residential patio or yard, or a commercial outdoor dining area, a fence, railing, or low wall may extend beyond the building facade if the following requirements are met:
1. Fences, railings, and walls must not exceed four feet (48") in total height as measured from the ground to the top of the fence, railing and/or the wall however;
2. For elevated residential stoops the total fence, railing and/or wall height must not exceed five feet (60") total.
[image omitted; see the official code]
(3) Service areas screening.
a. Trash and recycling collection, and other similar service areas, must be located to the side or rear of buildings and behind the primary structures on street frontages.
b. All refuse and recycling collection containers for apartments/condominiums must be located on a concrete pad and shall be screened on 3 sides by an opaque fence or wall. The fourth side must be an opaque gate.
c. The design, colors, and materials of screening elements shall be architecturally compatible with the character of the building.
[image omitted; see the official code]
[image omitted; see the official code]
[image omitted; see the official code]
[image omitted; see the official code]
[image omitted; see the official code]
(4) Mechanical equipment screening.
Alternative | Fully Screened from Public Right-of-Way (Alleys excluded) | Permitted Screening Materials
Landscaping | Opaque Wall/Fence | Architectural Screening Elements
Wall-Mounted | • | • | •2 |
Roof-Mounted | •1 | | | •
Ground-Mounted | • | • | •2 |
1 Must be screened from abutting properties and the public street.2 If an opaque wall or fence is provided, it shall be compatible with the principle building in terms of texture, quality, material, and color.
[image omitted; see the official code]
[image omitted; see the official code]
[image omitted; see the official code]
(5) Privately owned streets and drives with public access easements. Private streets and drives with public access easements shall be considered public streets or right-of-way for the purpose of review for compliance with setbacks, pocket parks, parking, screening, enhanced landscaping, facade variations, fenestration, and other MU-1 design requirements normally based on streets.
(6) Drive-in business.
a. Drive-in businesses may be permitted in accordance with the use tables in Chapter 4, Articles 6 and 8, provided that no such use shall be permitted to sell alcoholic beverages for consumption on the premises. In the MU-1 district the following requirements shall apply:
1. Drive-through windows and stacking lanes shall not be located along facades of buildings that face a street, and where possible shall be located to the rear of buildings;
2. Driveways shall not be located within the front yard setback between the building front and the street;
3. The design and location of the facility shall not impede vehicular traffic flow and shall not impede pedestrian movement and safety. To minimize conflicts with vehicular and pedestrian circulation, shared driveways and/or driveways located off of non-arterial streets shall be used, where possible;
4. Architectural elements, landscaping and/ or other screening elements shall be provided to minimize the visual impacts of the drive-through facility; and
5. The design and location of the facility hall be consistent with any design standards or guidelines that may be applicable to the pertinent district.
(Ord. 20159-04-2012, § 1 (Exh. A), passed 4-3-2012; Ord. 21782-07-2015, § 1, passed 7-16-2015, eff. 7-26-2015; Ord. 22810-08-2017, § 1 (Exh. A), passed 8-1-2017, eff. 9-7-2017; Ord. 23648-05-2019, §§ 1-3, 5-11, passed 5-7-2019; Ord. 24030-02-2020, § 22, passed 2-4-2020; Ord. 25189-11-2021, § 1, passed 11-9-2021, eff. 12-16-2021; Ord. 26920-05-2024, § 1, passed 5-14-2024, eff. 7-16-2024)