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Form a Business

CODE FOR MUNICIPAL COURTS; TRIALS AND PROCEEDINGS INCIDENT THERETO

K.S.A. ch. 12, art. 45
in effect

K.S.A. 12-4501 Plea of not guilty; trial; time; continuance.

12-4501. Plea of not guilty; trial; time; continuance. An accused person entering a plea of not guilty, or for whom the court entered a plea of not guilty, shall be tried on the earliest practical day set by the court, unless trial is continued for good cause: Provided, That an accused person in custody shall be tried on the earliest day that the municipal court convenes, unless trial is continued upon motion of the accused person and for good cause. L. 1973, ch. 61, § 12-4501; April 1, 1974. Attorney General's Opinions: Driving under influence of alcohol; imposition by municipal courts for subsequent violations. 82-155. City may charter out and assess reasonable costs against defendant who requests trial and is convicted. 2002-21. The Uniform Mandatory Disposition of Detainers Act and the Agreement on Detainers do not apply to ordinance violations. 2002-48. CASE ANNOTATIONS 1. Cited; the right to a speedy trial is applicable to criminal cases appealed to district courts from municipal court convictions. City of Overland Park v. Fricke, 226 Kan. 496, 499, 601 P.2d 1130. 2. Cited in holding appeal to district court from municipal court must comply with K.S.A. 22-3609. City of Overland Park v. Barron, 234 Kan. 522, 525, 672 P.2d 1100 (1983). 3. Time limit for prosecution in municipal court is more stringent than in district court. City of Shawnee v. Patch, 33 Kan. App. 2d 560, 105 P.3d 727 (2005).

K.S.A. 12-4502 Trial.

12-4502. Trial. All trials in municipal court shall be to the municipal judge or the municipal judge pro tem. L. 1973, ch. 61, § 12-4502; April 1, 1974. Source or prior law: 13-616, 14-808. Law Review and Bar Journal References: "Municipal Corporations—Home Rule—City Ordinance Concerning Weapon Control Is Within the Scope of the Kansas Home Rule Amendment," 24 K.L.R. 421, 431 (1976). Attorney General's Opinions: City may charter out and assess reasonable costs against defendant who requests trial and is convicted. 2002-21.

K.S.A. 12-4503 Same; order of presentation.

12-4503. Same; order of presentation. The order of trial shall be: (a) Opening statement of prosecution, unless waived; (b) evidence by the prosecution; (c) opening statement of accused person, unless waived; (d) evidence by the accused person, unless waived; (e) rebuttal evidence, unless waived; and (f) closing arguments, unless waived. L. 1973, ch. 61, § 12-4503; April 1, 1974. Cross References to Related Sections: See similar provisions in code of criminal procedure, 22-3414. Law Review and Bar Journal References: Provision patterned after code of criminal procedure to simplify and unify court procedures, "A New Procedure For Municipal Courts," Wallace M. Buck, Jr., 42 J.B.A.K. 7, 11 (1973).

K.S.A. 12-4504 Evidence.

12-4504. Evidence. The rules of evidence prescribed in the code of civil procedure shall apply to this code. L. 1973, ch. 61, § 12-4504; April 1, 1974. Law Review and Bar Journal References: Provision patterned after code of criminal procedure to simplify and unify court procedures, "A New Procedure For Municipal Courts," Wallace M. Buck, Jr., 42 J.B.A.K. 7, 11 (1973). Attorney General's Opinions: Search warrants; use in municipal courts. 86-148.

K.S.A. 12-4505 Amendments to complaint.

12-4505. Amendments to complaint. Amendments to the complaint may be permitted by the court before trial. Once the trial commences, the court may permit a complaint to be amended before judgment, if no additional or different offense is charged, and if substantial rights of the accused person are not prejudiced. L. 1973, ch. 61, § 12-4505; April 1, 1974. CASE ANNOTATIONS 1. Cited; incorporating statute in ordinance by reference and "or any amendments thereto" meets requirements of K.S.A. 12-3010. City of Overland Park v. McLaughlin, 10 Kan. App. 2d 537, 538, 704 P.2d 997 (1985).

K.S.A. 12-4506 Joinder of two or more accused persons.

12-4506. Joinder of two or more accused persons. Where two (2) or more persons are separately or jointly accused by a complaint of a violation of an ordinance arising out of the same general state of circumstances, such persons may be tried separately or jointly: Provided, That where an accused person, so requests, he or she shall be tried separately. L. 1973, ch. 61, § 12-4506; April 1, 1974. Cross References to Related Sections: Provisions of section broader than provisions in code of criminal procedure, section 22-3204. Law Review and Bar Journal References: Mentioned in "A New Procedure For Municipal Courts," Wallace M. Buck, Jr., 42 J.B.A.K. 7, 11 (1973).

K.S.A. 12-4507 Judgment.

12-4507. Judgment. If the accused person is found not guilty, judgment shall be rendered immediately. If the accused person is found guilty, sentence shall be imposed and judgment rendered without unreasonable delay. L. 1973, ch. 61, § 12-4507; L. 1993, ch. 291, § 7; L. 1994, ch. 291, § 9; July 1. Source or prior law: 13-610, 14-813, 15-512. Cross References to Related Sections: See similar provisions in code of criminal procedure, 22-3424. Law Review and Bar Journal References: Provision patterned after code of criminal procedure to simplify and unify court procedures, "A New Procedure For Municipal Courts," Wallace M. Buck, Jr., 42 J.B.A.K. 7, 11 (1973). CASE ANNOTATIONS 1. Cited in holding appeal to district court from municipal court must comply with K.S.A. 22-3609. City of Overland Park v. Barron, 234 Kan. 522, 525, 672 P.2d 1100 (1983).

K.S.A. 12-4508 Same; docket.

12-4508. Same; docket. When a judgment is rendered, the municipal judge or clerk of the municipal court shall enter such judgment on the docket; however, the omission of this duty shall not affect the validity of the judgment. L. 1973, ch. 61, § 12-4508; April 1, 1974. Source or prior law: 13-605, 14-804, 15-504. CASE ANNOTATIONS 1. Cited in holding appeal to district court from municipal court must comply with K.S.A. 22-3609. City of Overland Park v. Barron, 234 Kan. 522, 525, 672 P.2d 1100 (1983).

K.S.A. 12-4509 Sentence; possible disposition.

12-4509. Sentence; possible disposition. (a) Whenever a person is found guilty of the violation of an ordinance, the municipal judge may: (1) Release the person without imposition of sentence; (2) release the person on probation after the imposition of sentence, without imprisonment or the payment of a fine or a portion thereof, subject to conditions imposed by the court as provided in subsection (e); (3) impose such sentence of fine or imprisonment, or both, as authorized for the ordinance violation; or (4) impose a sentence of house arrest as provided in K.S.A. 21-6609 , and amendments thereto. (b) In addition to or in lieu of any other sentence authorized by law, whenever a person is found guilty of the violation of an ordinance and there is evidence that the act constituting the violation of the ordinance was substantially related to the possession, use or ingestion of cereal malt beverage or alcoholic liquor by such person, the judge may order such person to attend and satisfactorily complete an alcohol or drug education or training program certified by the chief judge of the judicial district or licensed by the secretary for aging and disability services. (c) Except as provided in subsection (d), in addition to or in lieu of any other sentence authorized by law, whenever a person is convicted of having violated, while under 21 years of age, an ordinance prohibiting an act prohibited by K.S.A. 21-5701 through 21-5717 , and amendments thereto, or K.S.A. 8-1599 , 41-719 or 41-727 , and amendments thereto, the municipal judge shall order such person to submit to and complete an alcohol and drug evaluation by a community-based alcohol and drug safety action program certified pursuant to K.S.A. 8-1008 , and amendments thereto, and to pay a fee not to exceed the fee established by that statute for such evaluation. If the judge finds that the person is indigent, the fee may be waived. (d) If the person is 18 or more years of age but less than 21 years of age and is convicted of a violation of K.S.A. 41-727 , and amendments thereto, involving cereal malt beverage, the provisions of subsection (c) are permissive and not mandatory. (e) In addition to any other sentence authorized by law, whenever a person is convicted of any criminal offense, the municipal judge shall determine whether the defendant committed a domestic violence offense as defined in K.S.A. 21-5111 , and amendments thereto, and shall sentence the defendant pursuant to K.S.A. 22-4616 , and amendments thereto. (f) The court may impose any conditions of probation or suspension of sentence that the court deems proper, including, but not limited to, requiring that the defendant: (1) Avoid such injurious or vicious habits, as directed by the court or the probation officer; (2) avoid such persons or places of disreputable or harmful character, as directed by the court or the probation officer; (3) report to the probation officer as directed; (4) permit the probation officer to visit the defendant at home or elsewhere; (5) work faithfully at suitable employment insofar as possible; (6) remain within the state unless the court grants permission to leave; (7) pay a fine or costs, applicable to the ordinance violation, in one or several sums and in the manner as directed by the court; (8) support the defendant's dependents; (9) reside in a residential facility located in the community and participate in educational counseling, work and other correctional or rehabilitative programs; (10) perform community or public service work for local governmental agencies, private corporations organized not-for-profit, or charitable or social service organizations performing services for the community; (11) perform services under a system of day fines whereby the defendant is required to satisfy fines, costs or reparation or restitution obligations by performing services for a period of days determined by the court on the basis of ability to pay, standard of living, support obligations and other factors; (12) make reparation or restitution to the aggrieved party for the damage or loss caused by the defendant's crime, in an amount and manner determined by the court and to the person specified by the court; or (13) reimburse the city, in accordance with any order made under subsection (g), for all or a part of the reasonable expenditures by the city to provide counsel and other defense services to the defendant. (g) In addition to or in lieu of any other sentence authorized by law, whenever a person is found guilty of the violation of an ordinance the judge may order such person to reimburse the city for all or a part of the reasonable expenditures by the city to provide counsel and other defense services to the defendant. In determining the amount and method of payment of such sum, the court shall take account of the financial resources of the defendant and the nature of the burden that payment of such sum will impose. A defendant who has been required to pay such sum and who is not willfully in default in the payment thereof may at any time petition the court which sentenced the defendant to waive payment of such sum or of any unpaid portion thereof. If it appears to the satisfaction of the court that payment of the amount due will impose manifest hardship on the defendant or the defendant's immediate family, the court may waive payment of all or part of the amount due or modify the method of payment. L. 1973, ch. 61, § 12-4509; L. 1977, ch. 117, § 1; L. 1989, ch. 95, § 3; L. 1996, ch. 194, § 1; L. 1999, ch. 57, § 2; L. 2009, ch. 32, § 22; L. 2011, ch. 100, § 2; L. 2012, ch. 162, § 14; L. 2014, ch. 115, § 6; July 1. Cross References to Related Sections: Juvenile traffic offenders, see 8-2117. See similar provision in code of criminal procedure, 21-4603. See similar provision in code of criminal procedure, 21-6604. Law Review and Bar Journal References: Provision patterned after code of criminal procedure to simplify and unify court procedures, "A New Procedure For Municipal Courts," Wallace M. Buck, Jr., 42 J.B.A.K. 7, 11 (1973). "Survey of Kansas Law: Criminal Law and Procedure," Keith G. Meyer, 27 K.L.R. 391, 392 (1979). Attorney General's Opinions: Municipal court jurisdiction. 83-79. Liability for costs in criminal cases. 84-25. Sentencing; authorized dispositions; sentencing; probation; costs; home rule powers. 92-90. Expunged municipal court records may be released to "criminal justice agency" having legitimate need for such. 2002-14. CASE ANNOTATIONS 1. Whether municipal judge has authority to order defendant to reimburse city for appointed counsel examined. City of Dodge City v. Anderson, 20 Kan. App. 2d 272, 274, 886 P.2d 901 (1994).

K.S.A. 12-4510 Same; imprisonment; fine.

12-4510. Same; imprisonment; fine. When a sentence of imprisonment is pronounced, the municipal judge or the clerk of the municipal court shall prepare and deliver to the chief of police a copy of the entry of judgment, duly certified by such judge or clerk, which shall be sufficient authority to such chief of police to execute the sentence and confine the accused person to jail for the time specified, or until further order of the court. When a fine is levied as punishment, the municipal judge or clerk of the municipal court shall issue a statement setting forth the amount of the fine and the manner of payment. Failure to pay in the manner specified may constitute contempt of court. L. 1973, ch. 61, § 12-4510; April 1, 1974. Cross References to Related Sections: See similar provision in code of criminal procedure, 21-4601 et seq. Attorney General's Opinions: Municipal court jurisdiction. 83-79. Driving under the influence of alcohol or drugs; sentencing. 92-2. Municipal court judge can order attorney to represent indigent defendant where incarceration is likely; may punish for direct contempt but not indirect contempt. 2002-37. CASE ANNOTATIONS 1. Defendant's uncounseled misdemeanor conviction included in criminal history score; imprisonment was for contempt, not for conviction. State v. Long, 41 Kan. App. 2d 477, 203 P.3d 45 (2009).

K.S.A. 12-4511 Parole.

12-4511. Parole. The municipal judge may parole any person confined to jail as a result of a conviction of a violation of a city ordinance. The judge may set such conditions and restrictions as the judge sees fit to impose for a term of parole not exceeding two years and may at any time discharge such person for good cause shown. The term of parole ordered by the court is subject to renewal and extension for additional periods not exceeding an additional two years for any misdemeanor case upon the municipal court's finding that the defendant has not yet successfully completed the conditions imposed therein within the original term of such parole. After notice and hearing, the municipal judge may revoke such parole for violation of conditions by directing the chief of police to execute the sentence and again confine the accused person to jail for the time specified by the court, which shall not exceed the initial jail sentence imposed, less the time served. L. 1973, ch. 61, § 12-4511; L. 2004, ch. 80, § 1; July 1. Source or prior law: 12-1103, 12-1104, 12-1106, 15-512. Law Review and Bar Journal References: Provision patterned after code of criminal procedure to simplify and unify court procedures, "A New Procedure For Municipal Courts," Wallace M. Buck, Jr., 42 J.B.A.K. 7, 11 (1973). "A Comment on Kansas' New 'Drunk Driving' Law," Joseph Brian Cox and Donald G. Strole, 51 J.K.B.A. 230, 241 (1982). Attorney General's Opinions: DUI; prohibition on parole until minimum sentence served. 84-23. Driving under the influence; ignition interlock device. 93-139. CASE ANNOTATIONS 1. Conviction reversed; city ordinance providing for mandatory sentencing with no probation violates Code of Procedure for Municipal Courts and is void. City of Junction City v. Griffin, 226 Kan. 516, 517, 518, 601 P.2d 684. Opinion withdrawn on rehearing: Code held to be nonuniform and subject to cities' power of home rule. City of Junction City v. Griffin, 227 Kan. 332, 607 P.2d 459.

K.S.A. 12-4512 Judgment set aside, when.

12-4512. Judgment set aside, when. The municipal judge, on motion of the accused person or on his or her own motion, shall set aside a judgment if the complaint does not charge a violation of a city ordinance, or if the court was without jurisdiction of the offense. The motion for setting aside the judgment shall be made within ten (10) days after the finding of guilty, or within such further time as the court may fix during the ten-day period. L. 1973, ch. 61, § 12-4512; April 1, 1974. Cross References to Related Sections: See similar provision in code of criminal procedure, 22-3502, 22-3503. Law Review and Bar Journal References: Provision patterned after code of criminal procedure to simplify and unify court procedures, "A New Procedure For Municipal Courts," Wallace M. Buck, Jr., 42 J.B.A.K. 7, 11 (1973).

K.S.A. 12-4513 Correction of errors.

12-4513. Correction of errors. The municipal judge may correct an illegal sentence at any time. Clerical mistakes in judgments or orders may be corrected by the court at any time. L. 1973, ch. 61, § 12-4513; April 1, 1974. Cross References to Related Sections: See similar provisions in code of criminal procedure, 22-3504. Law Review and Bar Journal References: Provision patterned after code of criminal procedure to simplify and unify court procedures, "A New Procedure For Municipal Courts," Wallace M. Buck, Jr., 42 J.B.A.K. 7, 11 (1973).

K.S.A. 12-4516 Expungement of certain convictions, arrest records and diversion agreements.

12-4516. Expungement of certain convictions, arrest records and diversion agreements. (a) (1) Except as provided in subsections (b), (c), (d), (e) and (f), any person who has been convicted of a violation of a city ordinance of this state may petition the convicting court for the expungement of such conviction and related arrest records if three or more years have elapsed since the person: (A) Satisfied the sentence imposed; or (B) was discharged from probation, parole or a suspended sentence. (2) Except as provided in subsections (b), (c), (d), (e) and (f), any person who has fulfilled the terms of a diversion agreement based on a violation of a city ordinance of this state may petition the court for the expungement of such diversion agreement and related arrest records if three or more years have elapsed since the terms of the diversion agreement were fulfilled. (b) Any person convicted of a violation of any ordinance that is prohibited by either K.S.A. 12-16,134 (a) or (b), and amendments thereto, and which was adopted prior to July 1, 2014, or who entered into a diversion agreement in lieu of further criminal proceedings for such violation, may petition the convicting court for the expungement of such conviction or diversion agreement and related arrest records. (c) Any person convicted of the violation of a city ordinance which would also constitute a violation of K.S.A. 21-3512 , prior to its repeal, or a violation of K.S.A. 21-6419 , and amendments thereto, or who entered into a diversion agreement in lieu of further criminal proceedings for such violation, may petition the convicting court for the expungement of such conviction or diversion agreement and related arrest records if: (1) One or more years have elapsed since the person satisfied the sentence imposed or the terms of a diversion agreement or was discharged from probation, parole, conditional release or a suspended sentence; and (2) such person can prove they were acting under coercion caused by the act of another. For purposes of this subsection, "coercion" means: Threats of harm or physical restraint against any person; a scheme, plan or pattern intended to cause a person to believe that failure to perform an act would result in bodily harm or physical restraint against any person; or the abuse or threatened abuse of the legal process. (d) No person may petition for expungement until five or more years have elapsed since the person satisfied the sentence imposed or the terms of a diversion agreement or was discharged from probation, parole, conditional release or a suspended sentence, if such person was convicted of the violation of a city ordinance which would also constitute: (1) Vehicular homicide, as defined by K.S.A. 21-3405 , prior to its repeal, or K.S.A. 21-5406 , and amendments thereto; (2) driving while the privilege to operate a motor vehicle on the public highways of this state has been canceled, suspended or revoked, as prohibited by K.S.A. 8-262 , and amendments thereto; (3) perjury resulting from a violation of K.S.A. 8-261a , and amendments thereto; (4) a violation of the provisions of K.S.A. 8-142 Fifth, and amendments thereto, relating to fraudulent applications; (5) any crime punishable as a felony wherein a motor vehicle was used in the perpetration of such crime; (6) failing to stop at the scene of an accident and perform the duties required by K.S.A. 8-1602 , 8-1603 , prior to its repeal, or 8-1604 , and amendments thereto; (7) a violation of the provisions of K.S.A. 40-3104 , and amendments thereto, relating to motor vehicle liability insurance coverage; or (8) a violation of K.S.A. 21-3405b , prior to its repeal. (e) (1) No person may petition for expungement until five or more years have elapsed since the person satisfied the sentence imposed or the terms of a diversion agreement or was discharged from probation, parole, conditional release or a suspended sentence, if such person was convicted of a first violation of a city ordinance which would also constitute a first violation of K.S.A. 8-1567 , and amendments thereto. (2) No person may petition for expungement until 10 or more years have elapsed since the person satisfied the sentence imposed or was discharged from probation, parole, conditional release or a suspended sentence, if such person was convicted of a second or subsequent violation of a city ordinance which would also constitute a second or subsequent violation of K.S.A. 8-1567 , and amendments thereto. (3) The provisions of this subsection shall apply to all violations committed on or after July 1, 2006. (f) There shall be no expungement of convictions or diversions for a violation of a city ordinance which would also constitute a violation of K.S.A. 8-2,144 , and amendments thereto. (g) (1) When a petition for expungement is filed, the court shall set a date for a hearing of such petition and shall cause notice of such hearing to be given to the prosecuting attorney and the arresting law enforcement agency. The petition shall state the: (A) Defendant's full name; (B) full name of the defendant at the time of arrest, conviction or diversion, if different than the defendant's current name; (C) defendant's sex, race and date of birth; (D) crime for which the defendant was arrested, convicted or diverted; (E) date of the defendant's arrest, conviction or diversion; and (F) identity of the convicting court, arresting law enforcement agency or diverting authority. (2) A municipal court may prescribe a fee to be charged as costs for a person petitioning for an order of expungement pursuant to this section. (3) Any person who may have relevant information about the petitioner may testify at the hearing. The court may inquire into the background of the petitioner and shall have access to any reports or records relating to the petitioner that are on file with the secretary of corrections or the prisoner review board. (h) At the hearing on the petition, the court shall order the petitioner's arrest record, conviction or diversion expunged if the court finds that: (1) The petitioner has not been convicted of a felony in the past two years and no proceeding involving any such crime is presently pending or being instituted against the petitioner; (2) the circumstances and behavior of the petitioner warrant the expungement; and (3) the expungement is consistent with the public welfare. (i) When the court has ordered an arrest record, conviction or diversion expunged, the order of expungement shall state the information required to be contained in the petition. The clerk of the court shall send a certified copy of the order of expungement to the Kansas bureau of investigation which shall notify the federal bureau of investigation, the secretary of corrections and any other criminal justice agency which may have a record of the arrest, conviction or diversion. If the case was appealed from municipal court, the clerk of the district court shall send a certified copy of the order of expungement to the municipal court. The municipal court shall order the case expunged once the certified copy of the order of expungement is received. After the order of expungement is entered, the petitioner shall be treated as not having been arrested, convicted or diverted of the crime, except that: (1) Upon conviction for any subsequent crime, the conviction that was expunged may be considered as a prior conviction in determining the sentence to be imposed; (2) the petitioner shall disclose that the arrest, conviction or diversion occurred if asked about previous arrests, convictions or diversions: (A) In any application for licensure as a private detective, private detective agency, certification as a firearms trainer pursuant to K.S.A. 75-7b21 , and amendments thereto, or employment as a detective with a private detective agency, as defined by K.S.A. 75-7b01 , and amendments thereto; as security personnel with a private patrol operator, as defined by K.S.A. 75-7b01 , and amendments thereto; or with an institution, as defined in K.S.A. 76-12a01 , and amendments thereto, of the Kansas department for aging and disability services; (B) in any application for admission, or for an order of reinstatement, to the practice of law in this state; (C) to aid in determining the petitioner's qualifications for employment with the Kansas lottery or for work in sensitive areas within the Kansas lottery as deemed appropriate by the executive director of the Kansas lottery; (D) to aid in determining the petitioner's qualifications for executive director of the Kansas racing and gaming commission, for employment with the commission or for work in sensitive areas in parimutuel racing as deemed appropriate by the executive director of the commission, or to aid in determining qualifications for licensure or renewal of licensure by the commission; (E) to aid in determining the petitioner's qualifications for the following under the Kansas expanded lottery act: (i) Lottery gaming facility manager or prospective manager, racetrack gaming facility manager or prospective manager, licensee or certificate holder; or (ii) an officer, director, employee, owner, agent or contractor thereof; (F) upon application for a commercial driver's license under K.S.A. 8-2,125 through 8-2,142 , and amendments thereto; (G) to aid in determining the petitioner's qualifications to be an employee of the state gaming agency; (H) to aid in determining the petitioner's qualifications to be an employee of a tribal gaming commission or to hold a license issued pursuant to a tribal-state gaming compact; (I) in any application for registration as a broker-dealer, agent, investment adviser or investment adviser representative all as defined in K.S.A. 17-12a102 , and amendments thereto; (J) in any application for employment as a law enforcement officer, as defined in K.S.A. 22-2202 or 74-5602 , and amendments thereto; (K) for applications received on and after July 1, 2006, to aid in determining the petitioner's qualifications for a license to carry a concealed weapon pursuant to the personal and family protection act, K.S.A. 75-7c01 et seq., and amendments thereto; or (L) for applications received on and after July 1, 2016, to aid in determining the petitioner's qualifications for a license to act as a bail enforcement agent pursuant to K.S.A. 75-7e01 through 75-7e09 and K.S.A. 50-6,141 , and amendments thereto; (3) the court, in the order of expungement, may specify other circumstances under which the arrest, conviction or diversion is to be disclosed; and (4) the conviction may be disclosed in a subsequent prosecution for an offense which requires as an element of such offense a prior conviction of the type expunged. (j) Whenever a person is convicted of an ordinance violation, pleads guilty and pays a fine for such a violation, is placed on parole or probation or is granted a suspended sentence for such a violation, the person shall be informed of the ability to expunge the arrest records or conviction. Whenever a person enters into a diversion agreement, the person shall be informed of the ability to expunge the diversion. (k) Subject to the disclosures required pursuant to subsection (i), in any application for employment, license or other civil right or privilege, or any appearance as a witness, a person whose arrest records, conviction or diversion of an offense has been expunged under this statute may state that such person has never been arrested, convicted or diverted of such offense. (l) Whenever the record of any arrest, conviction or diversion has been expunged under the provisions of this section or under the provisions of any other existing or former statute, the custodian of the records of arrest, conviction, diversion and incarceration relating to that crime shall not disclose the existence of such records, except when requested by: (1) The person whose record was expunged; (2) a private detective agency or a private patrol operator, and the request is accompanied by a statement that the request is being made in conjunction with an application for employment with such agency or operator by the person whose record has been expunged; (3) a court, upon a showing of a subsequent conviction of the person whose record has been expunged; (4) the secretary for aging and disability services, or a designee of the secretary, for the purpose of obtaining information relating to employment in an institution, as defined in K.S.A. 76-12a01 , and amendments thereto, of the Kansas department for aging and disability services of any person whose record has been expunged; (5) a person entitled to such information pursuant to the terms of the expungement order; (6) a prosecuting attorney, and such request is accompanied by a statement that the request is being made in conjunction with a prosecution of an offense that requires a prior conviction as one of the elements of such offense; (7) the supreme court, the clerk or disciplinary administrator thereof, the state board for admission of attorneys or the state board for discipline of attorneys, and the request is accompanied by a statement that the request is being made in conjunction with an application for admission, or for an order of reinstatement, to the practice of law in this state by the person whose record has been expunged; (8) the Kansas lottery, and the request is accompanied by a statement that the request is being made to aid in determining qualifications for employment with the Kansas lottery or for work in sensitive areas within the Kansas lottery as deemed appropriate by the executive director of the Kansas lottery; (9) the governor or the Kansas racing and gaming commission, or a designee of the commission, and the request is accompanied by a statement that the request is being made to aid in determining qualifications for executive director of the commission, for employment with the commission, for work in sensitive areas in parimutuel racing as deemed appropriate by the executive director of the commission or for licensure, renewal of licensure or continued licensure by the commission; (10) the Kansas racing and gaming commission, or a designee of the commission, and the request is accompanied by a statement that the request is being made to aid in determining qualifications of the following under the Kansas expanded lottery act: (A) Lottery gaming facility managers and prospective managers, racetrack gaming facility managers and prospective managers, licensees and certificate holders; and (B) their officers, directors, employees, owners, agents and contractors; (11) the state gaming agency, and the request is accompanied by a statement that the request is being made to aid in determining qualifications: (A) To be an employee of the state gaming agency; or (B) to be an employee of a tribal gaming commission or to hold a license issued pursuant to a tribal-state gaming compact; (12) the Kansas securities commissioner, or a designee of the commissioner, and the request is accompanied by a statement that the request is being made in conjunction with an application for registration as a broker-dealer, agent, investment adviser or investment adviser representative by such agency and the application was submitted by the person whose record has been expunged; (13) the attorney general, and the request is accompanied by a statement that the request is being made to aid in determining qualifications for a license to: (A) Carry a concealed weapon pursuant to the personal and family protection act; or (B) act as a bail enforcement agent pursuant to K.S.A. 75-7e01 through 75-7e09 and K.S.A. 50-6,141 , and amendments thereto; (14) the Kansas sentencing commission; (15) the Kansas commission on peace officers' standards and training and the request is accompanied by a statement that the request is being made to aid in determining certification eligibility as a law enforcement officer pursuant to K.S.A. 74-5601 et seq., and amendments thereto; or (16) a law enforcement agency and the request is accompanied by a statement that the request is being made to aid in determining eligibility for employment as a law enforcement officer as defined by K.S.A. 22-2202 , and amendments thereto. L. 1978, ch. 120, § 27; L. 1980, ch. 102, § 1; L. 1981, ch. 158, § 1; L. 1982, ch. 139, § 1; L. 1985, ch. 48, § 13; L. 1985, ch. 78, § 5; L. 1987, ch. 292, § 22; L. 1988, ch. 315, § 1; L. 1989, ch. 38, § 45; L. 1995, ch. 251, § 9; L. 1996, ch. 256, § 10; L. 1998, ch. 131, § 4; L. 2004, ch. 154, § 55; L. 2006, ch. 32, § 19; L. 2006, ch. 171, § 1; L. 2007, ch. 110, § 56; L. 2008, ch. 162, § 1; L. 2011, ch. 105, § 24; L. 2012, ch. 16, § 1; L. 2013, ch. 120, § 10; L. 2014, ch. 97, § 9; L. 2015, ch. 71, § 3; L. 2016, ch. 93, § 3; L. 2017, ch. 70, § 2; L. 2018, ch. 106, § 20; July 1. Revisor's Note: Section was also amended by L. 2011, ch. 30, § 102, but that version was repealed by L. 2011, ch. 105, § 36. Cross References to Related Sections: Expungement of certain convictions of crimes, see 21-4619. Expungement, defined, see 21-3110a, 21-5111. Law Review and Bar Journal References: "Survey of Kansas Law: Criminal Law and Procedure," Keith G. Meyer, 27 K.L.R. 391, 396, 397 (1979). "The New Kansas Expungement Laws," Keith Meyer, 2 J.K.T.L.A. No. 5, 22, 24, 25 (1979). "Kansas Diversion: Defendant's Remedies and Prosecutorial Opportunities," Joseph Brian Cox, 20 W.L.J. 344, 348, 362 (1981). "Expungement: Lies That Can Hurt You in and out of Court," Steven K. O'Hern, 27 W.L.J. 574, 578, 586, 589, 598 (1988). "Packing Heat: The Personal and Family Protection Act," Mary D. Feighny, 76 J.K.B.A. No. 4, 21 (2007). Attorney General's Opinions: Expungement of certain convictions; time requirements. 89-58. Municipal diversion is a "conviction" for purposes of enhanced punishment regardless whether diversion was expunged. 2001-48. Expunged municipal court records may be released to "criminal justice agency" having legitimate need for such. 2002-14. CASE ANNOTATIONS 1. Person precluded from being candidate for sheriff even if DUI conviction expunged. Chamberlain v. Buhrman, 250 Kan. 277, 278, 279, 825 P.2d 168 (1992).

K.S.A. 12-4516a Expungement of city ordinance violations; disclosure limited upon filing of petition.

12-4516a. Expungement of city ordinance violations; disclosure limited upon filing of petition. (a) Any person who has been arrested on a violation of a city ordinance of this state may petition the court for the expungement of such arrest record. (b) When a petition for expungement is filed, the court shall set a date for hearing on such petition and shall cause notice of such hearing to be given to the prosecuting attorney and the arresting law enforcement agency. When a petition for expungement is filed, the official court file shall be separated from the other records of the court, and shall be disclosed only to a judge of the court and members of the staff of the court designated by a judge of the district court, the prosecuting attorney, the arresting law enforcement agency, or any other person when authorized by a court order, subject to any conditions imposed by the order. The petition shall state: (1) The petitioner's full name; (2) the full name of the petitioner at the time of arrest, if different than the petitioner's current name; (3) the petitioner's sex, race and date of birth; (4) the crime for which the petitioner was arrested; (5) the date of the petitioner's arrest; and (6) the identity of the arresting law enforcement agency. A municipal court may prescribe a fee to be charged as costs for a person petitioning for an order of expungement pursuant to this section, except that no fee shall be charged to a person who was arrested as a result of being a victim of identity theft under K.S.A. 21-4018 , prior to its repeal, or K.S.A. 21-6107 , and amendments thereto. Any person who may have relevant information about the petitioner may testify at the hearing. The court may inquire into the background of the petitioner. (c) At the hearing on a petition for expungement, the court shall order the arrest record and subsequent court proceedings, if any, expunged upon finding: (1) The arrest occurred because of mistaken identity; (2) a court has found that there was no probable cause for the arrest; (3) the petitioner was found not guilty in court proceedings; (4) the arrest was for a violation of any ordinance that is prohibited by either K.S.A. 12-16,134 (a) or (b), and amendments thereto, and which was adopted prior to July 1, 2014; or (5) the expungement would be in the best interests of justice and: (A) Charges have been dismissed; or (B) no charges have been or are likely to be filed. (d) When the court has ordered expungement of an arrest record and subsequent court proceedings, if any, the order shall state the information required to be stated in the petition and shall state the grounds for expungement under subsection (c). The clerk of the court shall send a certified copy of the order to the Kansas bureau of investigation which shall notify the federal bureau of investigation, the secretary of corrections and any other criminal justice agency which may have a record of the arrest. If an order of expungement is entered, the petitioner shall be treated as not having been arrested. (e) If the ground for expungement is as provided in subsection (c)(5), the court shall determine whether, in the interest of public welfare, the records should be available for any of the following purposes: (1) In any application for employment as a detective with a private detective agency, as defined by K.S.A. 75-7b01 , and amendments thereto; as security personnel with a private patrol operator, as defined by K.S.A. 75-7b01 , and amendments thereto; or with an institution, as defined in K.S.A. 76-12a01 , and amendments thereto, of the Kansas department for aging and disability services; (2) in any application for admission, or for an order of reinstatement, to the practice of law in this state; (3) to aid in determining the petitioner's qualifications for employment with the Kansas lottery or for work in sensitive areas within the Kansas lottery as deemed appropriate by the executive director of the Kansas lottery; (4) to aid in determining the petitioner's qualifications for executive director of the Kansas racing commission, for employment with the commission or for work in sensitive areas in parimutuel racing as deemed appropriate by the executive director of the commission, or to aid in determining qualifications for licensure or renewal of licensure by the commission; (5) in any application for a commercial driver's license under K.S.A. 8-2,125 through 8-2,142 , and amendments thereto; (6) to aid in determining the petitioner's qualifications to be an employee of the state gaming agency; (7) to aid in determining the petitioner's qualifications to be an employee of a tribal gaming commission or to hold a license issued pursuant to a tribal-state gaming compact; or (8) in any other circumstances which the court deems appropriate. (f) The court shall make all expunged records and related information in such court's possession, created prior to, on and after July 1, 2011, available to the Kansas bureau of investigation for the purposes of: (1) Completing a person's criminal history record information within the central repository in accordance with K.S.A. 22-4701 et seq., and amendments thereto; or (2) providing information or documentation to the federal bureau of investigation, in connection with the national instant criminal background check system, to determine a person's qualification to possess a firearm. (g) Subject to any disclosures required under subsection (e), in any application for employment, license or other civil right or privilege, or any appearance as a witness, a person whose arrest records have been expunged as provided in this section may state that such person has never been arrested. (h) Whenever a petitioner's arrest records have been expunged as provided in this section, the custodian of the records of arrest, incarceration due to arrest or court proceedings related to the arrest, shall not disclose the arrest or any information related to the arrest, except as directed by the order of expungement or when requested by the person whose arrest record was expunged. L. 1998, ch. 131, § 2; L. 2001, ch. 69, § 1; L. 2006, ch. 149, § 5; L. 2011, ch. 30, § 103; L. 2011, ch. 100, § 3; L. 2014, ch. 97, § 10; L. 2015, ch. 100, § 4; July 1. Revisor's Note: Section was also amended by L. 2011, ch. 30, § 103, but that version was repealed by L. 2011, ch. 100, § 22. Cross References to Related Sections: Expungement, defined, see 21-3110a, 21-5111. Attorney General's Opinions: Expunged municipal court records may be released to "criminal justice agency" having legitimate need for such. 2002-14.

K.S.A. 12-4517 Conviction of ordinances comparable to class A or B misdemeanor, assault or certain alcohol related offenses; fingerprinting; exceptions; costs.

12-4517. Conviction of ordinances comparable to class A or B misdemeanor, assault or certain alcohol related offenses; fingerprinting; exceptions; costs. (a) (1) Except as provided further, the municipal court judge shall ensure that all persons convicted of violating municipal ordinance provisions that prohibit conduct comparable to a class A or B misdemeanor or assault as defined in K.S.A. 21-5412 (a), and amendments thereto, under a Kansas criminal statute are fingerprinted and processed. The provisions of this section shall not apply to persons convicted of violating municipal ordinance provisions that prohibit the acts prohibited by K.S.A. 8-235 or 40-3104 , and amendments thereto. (2) The municipal court judge shall ensure that all persons arrested or charged with a violation of a city ordinance prohibiting the acts prohibited by K.S.A. 8-2,144 or 8-1567 , and amendments thereto, are fingerprinted and processed at the time of booking or first appearance, whichever occurs first. (b) The municipal court judge shall order the individual to be fingerprinted at an appropriate location as determined by the municipal court judge. Failure of the person to be fingerprinted after court order issued by the municipal judge shall constitute contempt of court. To reimburse the city or other entity for costs associated with fingerprinting, the municipal court judge may assess reasonable court costs, in addition to other court costs imposed by the state or municipality. L. 1994, ch. 291, § 84; L. 2009, ch. 107, § 8; L. 2011, ch. 105, § 25; L. 2012, ch. 172, § 26; L. 2018, ch. 106, § 21; L. 2024, ch. 96, § 2; July 1. Revisor's Note: Section was also amended by L. 2011, ch. 30, § 104, but that version was repealed by L. 2011, ch. 105, § 36. Attorney General's Opinions: Municipal court judge can order attorney to represent indigent defendant where incarceration is likely; may punish for direct contempt but not indirect contempt. 2002-37.
Source: Kansas Office of Revisor of Statutes (ksrevisor.gov)URL: https://www.ksrevisor.gov/statutes/ksa_ch12.htmlFetched: 10/20/2026

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