Juvenile Court Proceedings

Utah Code tit. 78A, ch. 78A-6, pt. 78A-6-P3a

in effect

Utah Code § 78A-6-350 Venue -- Dismissal without adjudication on merits.

78A-6-350. Venue -- Dismissal without adjudication on merits. (1) Notwithstanding Title 78B, Chapter 3a, Venue for Civil Actions, a proceeding for a minor's case in the juvenile court shall be commenced in the court of the district in which: (a) except as provided in Section 80-6-1001.2, for a proceeding under Title 80, Chapter 6, Juvenile Justice: (i) the minor is living or found; or (ii) the alleged offense occurred; or (b) for any other proceeding, the minor is living or found. (2) If a party seeks to transfer a case to another district after a petition has been filed in the juvenile court, the juvenile court may transfer the case in accordance with the Utah Rules of Juvenile Procedure. (3) The dismissal of a petition in one district where the dismissal is without prejudice and where there has been no adjudication upon the merits may not preclude refiling within the same district or another district where there is venue for the case. Amended by Chapter 194, 2024 General Session

Utah Code § 78A-6-351 Summons -- Service and process -- Issuance and contents -- Notice to absent parent or guardian -- Emergency medical or surgical treatment -- Compulsory process for attendance of witnesses when authorized.

78A-6-351. Summons -- Service and process -- Issuance and contents -- Notice to absent parent or guardian -- Emergency medical or surgical treatment -- Compulsory process for attendance of witnesses when authorized. (1) (a) After a petition is filed in the juvenile court, the juvenile court shall promptly issue a summons, unless the juvenile court directs that a further investigation is needed. (b) A summons is not required for a person who: (i) appears voluntarily; or (ii) files a written waiver of service with the clerk of the court at or before the hearing. (2) A summons under Subsection (1)(a) shall contain: (a) the name of the court; (b) the title of the proceedings; and (c) except for a published summons, a brief statement of the substance of the allegations in the petition. (3) A published summons shall state: (a) that a proceeding concerning the minor is pending in the court; and (b) an adjudication will be made. (4) (a) A summons under Subsection (1)(a) shall require: (i) a minor to appear personally in the juvenile court at a time and place stated; or (ii) if a person who has physical custody of the minor, for the person to: (A) appear personally; and (B) bring the minor before the court at a time and place stated. (b) If the minor is a child and a person summoned is not the parent or guardian of the minor, the juvenile court shall issue the summons to the minor's parent or guardian, as the case may be, notifying the parent or guardian of the pendency of the case and of the time and place set for the hearing. (5) A summons may be issued requiring the appearance of any other person whose presence the juvenile court finds necessary. (6) If it appears to the juvenile court that the welfare of the minor or of the public requires that the minor be taken into temporary custody under Section 80-6-201 or protective custody under Section 80-2a-202, and it does not conflict with Section 80-6-202, the court may by endorsement upon the summons direct that the person serving the summons take the minor into custody at once. (7) (a) Upon the sworn testimony of one or more reputable physicians, the juvenile court may order emergency medical or surgical treatment that is immediately necessary for a minor for whom a petition has been filed pending the service of summons upon the minor's parent, guardian, or custodian. (b) If the juvenile court orders emergency medical or surgical treatment: (i) if a petition for delinquency has been filed under Section 80-6-305, Subsection 80-6-706(4) shall apply to the juvenile court's decision to order treatment; (ii) if a petition has been filed under Section 80-3-201, Subsection 80-3-109(3) shall apply to the juvenile court's decision to order treatment; or (iii) if a petition has been filed under Section 80-4-201, Subsection 80-4-108(4) shall apply to the juvenile court's decision to order treatment. (8) (a) A minor is entitled to the issuance of compulsory process for the attendance of witnesses on the minor's own behalf. (b) A minor's parent or guardian is entitled to the issuance of compulsory process for the attendance of witnesses on the parent's or guardian's own behalf or on behalf of the minor. (c) A guardian ad litem or a juvenile probation officer is entitled to compulsory process for the attendance of witnesses on behalf of the minor. (9) Service of summons and process and proof of service shall be made in the manner provided in the Utah Rules of Juvenile Procedure. (10) (a) Service of summons or process shall be made by the sheriff of the county where the service is to be made, or by the sheriff's deputy. (b) Notwithstanding Subsection (10)(a), upon request of the juvenile court, service shall be made by any other peace officer or by another suitable person selected by the court. (11) Service of summons in the state shall be made personally, by delivering a copy to the person summoned, except that the parents of a child living together at the parents' usual place of abode may both be served by personal delivery with one copy of the summons for each parent. (12) (a) If the juvenile court makes a written finding that the juvenile court has reason to believe that personal service of the summons will be unsuccessful, or will not accomplish notification within a reasonable time after issuance of the summons, the juvenile court may order service by registered mail, with a return receipt to be signed by the addressee only, to be addressed to the last-known address of the person to be served in the state. (b) Service is complete upon return to the juvenile court of the signed receipt. (13) (a) If the child's parent or guardian required to be summoned under Subsection (4) cannot be found within the state, the fact of the child's presence within the state shall confer jurisdiction on the juvenile court in proceedings in a child's case as to any absent parent or guardian when: (i) the address of the parent or guardian is known, due notice is given by sending the parent or guardian a copy of the summons by registered mail with a return receipt to be signed by the addressee only, or by personal service outside the state, as provided in the Utah Rules of Juvenile Procedure; or (ii) the address or whereabouts of the parent or guardian outside the state cannot after diligent inquiry be ascertained, due notice is given by publishing a summons: (A) in a newspaper having general circulation in the county in which the proceeding is pending once a week for four successive weeks; or (B) in accordance with Section 45-1-101 for four weeks. (b) (i) If service is by registered mail under Subsection (13)(a)(i), service is complete upon return to the juvenile court of the signed receipt. (ii) If service is by publication under Subsection (13)(a)(ii), service is complete on the day of the last publication. (c) Service of summons as provided in this Subsection (13) shall vest the court with jurisdiction over the parent or guardian served in the same manner and to the same extent as if the person served was served personally within the state. (14) (a) In the case of service in the state, service completed not less than 48 hours before the time set in the summons for the appearance of the person served, shall be sufficient to confer jurisdiction. (b) In the case of service outside the state, service completed not less than five days before the time set in the summons for appearance of the person served, shall be sufficient to confer jurisdiction. (15) Computation of periods of time under this chapter and Title 80, Utah Juvenile Code, shall be made in accordance with Utah Rules of Juvenile Procedure, Rule 4. Amended by Chapter 334, 2022 General Session

Utah Code § 78A-6-352 Appearances -- Parents, guardian, or custodian to appear with minor or child -- Failure to appear -- Warrant of arrest, when authorized -- Parent's, guardian's, or custodian's employer to grant time off -- Appointment of guardian ad litem.

78A-6-352. Appearances -- Parents, guardian, or custodian to appear with minor or child -- Failure to appear -- Warrant of arrest, when authorized -- Parent's, guardian's, or custodian's employer to grant time off -- Appointment of guardian ad litem. (1) If a person is required to appear in a proceeding in the juvenile court and the person fails, without reasonable cause, to appear before the juvenile court, the juvenile court may issue a bench warrant to produce the person in court. (2) If a child is required to appear in juvenile court, the child's parent, guardian, or custodian shall appear with the child in the juvenile court, unless the child's parent, guardian, or custodian is excused by the juvenile court. (3) (a) A child's parent, guardian, or custodian may request permission from the parent's, guardian's, or custodian's employer to leave the workplace for the purpose of attending court if the parent, guardian, or custodian is notified by the juvenile court that the child is required to appear before the court. (b) An employer must grant the parent, guardian, or custodian permission to leave the workplace with or without pay if the parent, guardian, or custodian requests permission at least seven days in advance or within 24 hours of the parent, guardian, or custodian receiving notice of the hearing. (4) (a) If a parent, guardian, custodian or other person to whom a child is released, signed a written promise to appear and bring the child to juvenile court under Section 80-6-203 and fails to appear and bring the child to the juvenile court on the date set in the promise or, if the date was to be set, after notification by the juvenile court, a warrant may be issued for the apprehension of the parent, guardian, custodian, or other person. (b) A willful failure to perform the promise described in Subsection (4)(a) is a class B misdemeanor if, at the time of the execution of the promise, the promisor is given a copy of the promise that clearly states a failure to appear and have the child appear as promised is a class B misdemeanor. (5) (a) A juvenile court shall make every effort to ensure the presence of the parent, guardian, or custodian of a child at all hearings through the use of a warrant of arrest, if necessary, or by other means. (b) A juvenile court may appoint a guardian ad litem whenever necessary for the welfare of a child, regardless of whether the child's parent or guardian is present at the juvenile court proceedings. (6) A juvenile court may issue a warrant for a child's parent, guardian, or custodian if: (a) a summons is issued but cannot be served; (b) it appears to the juvenile court that the person to be served will not obey the summons; or (c) serving the summons will be ineffectual. Renumbered and Amended by Chapter 261, 2021 General Session

Utah Code § 78A-6-353 Contempt -- Penalty -- Enforcement of fine, fee, or restitution.

78A-6-353. Contempt -- Penalty -- Enforcement of fine, fee, or restitution. (1) An individual who willfully violates or refuses to obey any order of the juvenile court may be proceeded against for contempt of court. (2) If a juvenile court finds an individual who is 18 years old or older in contempt of court, the juvenile court may impose sanctions on the individual in accordance with Title 78B, Chapter 6, Part 3, Contempt. (3) Except as otherwise provided in Subsection (4), if a juvenile court finds a child in contempt of court, the juvenile court may: (a) place the child on probation in accordance with Section 80-6-702; (b) order the child to detention, or an alternative to detention, in accordance with Section 80-6-704; or (c) require the child to pay a fine or fee in accordance with Section 80-6-709. (4) (a) The juvenile court may only order a child to secure detention under Subsection (3)(b) for no longer than 72 hours, excluding weekends and legal holidays. (b) The juvenile court may not suspend all or part of an order to secure detention upon compliance with conditions imposed by the juvenile court. (c) The juvenile court may not enforce a disposition under Subsection (3)(c) through an order for detention, a community-based program, or secure care. (5) On the sole basis of a child's absence from placement, a juvenile court may not hold a child in contempt under this section if the child: (a) is in the legal custody of the Division of Child and Family Services; and (b) is missing, has been abducted, or has run away. Amended by Chapter 256, 2024 General Session

Utah Code § 78A-6-354 Hearings -- Minors cases heard separately from adult cases -- Minor or parents or custodian heard separately -- Continuance of hearing.

78A-6-354. Hearings -- Minors cases heard separately from adult cases -- Minor or parents or custodian heard separately -- Continuance of hearing. (1) A hearing for a minor's case shall be held before the juvenile court without a jury and may be conducted in an informal manner. (2) (a) A minor's case under Title 80, Chapter 3, Abuse, Neglect, and Dependency Proceedings, Chapter 4, Termination and Restoration of Parental Rights, and Chapter 6, Juvenile Justice, shall be heard separately from any adult case. (b) The minor or the minor's parent or guardian may be heard separately when considered necessary by the juvenile court. (c) A hearing may be continued to a date specified by court order. Renumbered and Amended by Chapter 261, 2021 General Session

Utah Code § 78A-6-355 Exchange of information with agency or institution having legal custody.

78A-6-355. Exchange of information with agency or institution having legal custody. (1) If legal custody of a minor is vested in an institution or agency, the juvenile court shall transmit, with the court order, copies of the social study, any clinical reports, and other information pertinent to the care and treatment of the minor to the institution or agency with legal custody of the minor. (2) The institution or agency shall give the juvenile court any information concerning the minor that the juvenile court may at any time require. Renumbered and Amended by Chapter 261, 2021 General Session

Utah Code § 78A-6-356 Child support obligation when custody of a child is vested in an individual or institution.

78A-6-356. Child support obligation when custody of a child is vested in an individual or institution. (1) As used in this section: (a) "Office" means the Office of Recovery Services. (b) "State custody" means that a child is in the custody of a state department, division, or agency, including secure care. (2) Under this section, a juvenile court may not issue a child support order against an individual unless: (a) the individual is served with notice that specifies the date and time of a hearing to determine the financial support of a specified child; (b) the individual makes a voluntary appearance; or (c) the individual submits a waiver of service. (3) Except as provided in Subsection (11), when a juvenile court places a child in state custody or if the guardianship of the child has been granted to another party and an agreement for a guardianship subsidy has been signed by the guardian, the juvenile court: (a) shall order the child's parent, guardian, or other obligated individual to pay child support for each month the child is in state custody or cared for under a grant of guardianship; (b) shall inform the child's parent, guardian, or other obligated individual, verbally and in writing, of the requirement to pay child support in accordance with Title 81, Chapter 6, Child Support, and Title 81, Chapter 7, Payment and Enforcement of Spousal and Child Support; and (c) may refer the establishment of a child support order to the office. (4) When a juvenile court chooses to refer a case to the office to determine support obligation amounts in accordance with Title 81, Chapter 6, Child Support, the juvenile court shall: (a) make the referral within three working days after the day on which the juvenile court holds the hearing described in Subsection (2)(a); and (b) inform the child's parent, guardian, or other obligated individual of: (i) the requirement to contact the office within 30 days after the day on which the juvenile court holds the hearing described in Subsection (2)(a); and (ii) the penalty described in Subsection (6) for failure to contact the office. (5) Liability for child support ordered under Subsection (3) shall accrue: (a) except as provided in Subsection (5)(b), beginning on day 61 after the day on which the juvenile court holds the hearing described in Subsection (2)(a) if there is no existing child support order for the child; or (b) beginning on the day the child is removed from the child's home, including time spent in detention or sheltered care, if the child is removed after having been returned to the child's home from state custody. (6) (a) If the child's parent, guardian, or other obligated individual contacts the office within 30 days after the day on which the court holds the hearing described in Subsection (2)(a), the child support order may not include a judgment for past due support for more than two months. (b) Notwithstanding Subsections (5) and (6)(a), the juvenile court may order the liability of support to begin to accrue from the date of the proceeding referenced in Subsection (3) if: (i) the court informs the child's parent, guardian, or other obligated individual, as described in Subsection (4)(b), and the parent, guardian, or other obligated individual fails to contact the office within 30 days after the day on which the court holds the hearing described in Subsection (2)(a); and (ii) the office took reasonable steps under the circumstances to contact the child's parent, guardian, or other obligated individual within 30 days after the last day on which the parent, guardian, or other obligated individual was required to contact the office to facilitate the establishment of a child support order. (c) For purposes of Subsection (6)(b)(ii), the office is presumed to have taken reasonable steps if the office: (i) has a signed, returned receipt for a certified letter mailed to the address of the child's parent, guardian, or other obligated individual regarding the requirement that a child support order be established; or (ii) has had a documented conversation, whether by telephone or in person, with the child's parent, guardian, or other obligated individual regarding the requirement that a child support order be established. (7) In collecting arrears, the office shall comply with Section 26B-9-219 in setting a payment schedule or demanding payment in full. (8) (a) Unless a court orders otherwise, the child's parent, guardian, or other obligated individual shall pay the child support to the office. (b) The clerk of the juvenile court, the office, or the department and the department's divisions shall have authority to receive periodic payments for the care and maintenance of the child, such as social security payments or railroad retirement payments made in the name of or for the benefit of the child. (9) An existing child support order payable to a parent or other individual shall be assigned to the department as provided in Section 26B-9-111. (10) (a) Subsections (4) through (9) do not apply if legal custody of a child is vested by the juvenile court in an individual. (b) (i) If legal custody of a child is vested by the juvenile court in an individual, the court may order the child's parent, guardian, or other obligated individual to pay child support to the individual in whom custody is vested. (ii) In the same proceeding, the juvenile court shall inform the child's parent, guardian, or other obligated individual, verbally and in writing, of the requirement to pay child support in accordance with Title 81, Chapter 6, Child Support, and Title 81, Chapter 7, Payment and Enforcement of Spousal and Child Support. (11) The juvenile court may not order an individual to pay child support for a child in state custody if: (a) the individual's only form of income is a government-issued disability benefit; (b) the benefit described in Subsection (11)(a) is issued because of the individual's disability, and not the child's disability; and (c) the individual provides the juvenile court and the office evidence that the individual meets the requirements of Subsections (11)(a) and (b). (12) (a) The child's parent or another obligated individual is not responsible for child support for the period of time that the child is removed from the child's home by the Division of Child and Family Services if: (i) the juvenile court finds that there were insufficient grounds for the removal of the child; and (ii) the child is returned to the home of the child's parent or guardian based on the finding described in Subsection (12)(a)(i). (b) If the juvenile court finds insufficient grounds for the removal of the child under Subsection (12)(a), but that the child is to remain in state custody, the juvenile court shall order that the child's parent or another obligated individual is responsible for child support beginning on the day on which it became improper to return the child to the home of the child's parent or guardian. (13) After the juvenile court or the office establishes an individual's child support obligation ordered under Subsection (3), the office shall waive the obligation without further order of the juvenile court if: (a) the individual's child support obligation is established in accordance with a low income table described in Title 81, Chapter 6, Part 3, Child Support Tables; or (b) the individual's only source of income is a means-tested, income replacement payment of aid, including: (i) cash assistance provided under Title 35A, Chapter 3, Part 3, Family Employment Program; or (ii) cash benefits received under General Assistance, social security income, or social security disability income. Amended by Chapter 426, 2025 General Session

Utah Code § 78A-6-357 New hearings -- Modification of order or decree -- Requirements for changing or terminating custody, probation, or protective supervision.

78A-6-357. New hearings -- Modification of order or decree -- Requirements for changing or terminating custody, probation, or protective supervision. (1) If a party seeks a new hearing after an adjudication under Title 80, Utah Juvenile Code, Rule 48 of the Utah Rules of Juvenile Procedure shall govern the matter of granting a new hearing. (2) (a) Except as provided in Subsection (3), a juvenile court may modify or set aside any order or decree made by the juvenile court. (b) A modification of an order placing a minor on probation may not: (i) include an order under Section 80-3-405, 80-6-703, 80-6-704, or 80-6-705; or (ii) extend supervision over a minor, except in accordance with Section 80-6-712. (3) (a) A parent or guardian of a child whose legal custody has been transferred by the juvenile court to an individual, agency, or institution may petition the juvenile court for restoration of custody or other modification or revocation of the juvenile court's order or decree, except as provided in Subsections (3)(b), (c), and (d) and for a transfer of legal custody for secure care. (b) A parent or guardian may only petition the juvenile court under Subsection (3)(a) on the ground that a change of circumstances has occurred that requires modification or revocation in the best interest of the child or the public. (c) A parent may not file a petition after the parent's parental rights have been terminated in accordance with Title 80, Chapter 4, Termination and Restoration of Parental Rights. (d) Except as provided in Subsection (3)(e), a parent may not file a petition for restoration of custody under this section during the existence of a permanent guardianship established for the child under Subsection 80-3-405(2)(d). (e) (i) A parent may file a petition to modify an order of permanent custody and guardianship only if: (A) the order granted permanent custody and guardianship to the child's other parent; and (B) the petitioning parent can demonstrate that a substantial and material change of circumstance has occurred. (ii) A parent shall file a petition to modify an order of permanent custody and guardianship in the district court, if: (A) the juvenile court ordered a parent to file the order in a pending district court case under Subsection 80-3-405(2)(d)(iv); or (B) a case involving custody, support, or parent-time relating to the child who is the subject of the juvenile court's order is filed in district court subsequent to the juvenile court issuing the permanent custody and guardianship order. (iii) A parent may file a petition in accordance with Subsection (3)(e)(i) regardless of when the order granting permanent custody and guardianship to the child's other parent was entered, if the substantial and material change of circumstance described in Subsection (3)(e)(i) has occurred since the permanent custody and guardianship order was entered. (4) (a) An individual, agency, or institution vested with legal custody of a child may petition the juvenile court for a modification of the custody order on the ground that the change is necessary for the welfare of the child or in the public interest. (b) The juvenile court shall proceed upon the petition in accordance with this section. (5) Notice of hearing is required in any case in which the effect of modifying or setting aside an order or decree may be to make any change in the minor's legal custody under Section 80-3-405 or 80-6-703. (6) (a) Upon the filing of a petition under Subsection (3)(a), the juvenile court shall make a preliminary investigation. (b) After the preliminary investigation described in Subsection (6)(a), the juvenile court: (i) may dismiss the petition if the juvenile court finds the alleged change of circumstances, if proved, would not affect the decree; or (ii) shall conduct a hearing, if the juvenile court finds that further examination of the facts is needed, or if the juvenile court on the juvenile court's own motion determines that the juvenile court's order or decree should be reviewed. (c) Notice of the hearing described in Subsection (6)(b)(ii) shall be given to all interested persons. (d) At a hearing under Subsection (6)(b)(ii), the juvenile court may enter an order continuing, modifying, or terminating the juvenile court's order or decree. (7) Notice of an order terminating probation or protective supervision of a child shall be given to: (a) the child's parent; (b) the child's guardian; (c) the child's custodian; and (d) if appropriate, to the child. (8) Notice of an order terminating probation or protective supervision of a minor who is at least 18 years old shall be given to the minor. Amended by Chapter 59, 2026 General Session

Utah Code § 78A-6-358 Period of effect for a judgment, decree, or order by a juvenile court.

78A-6-358. Period of effect for a judgment, decree, or order by a juvenile court. (1) A judgment, order, or decree of the juvenile court is no longer in effect after a minor is 21 years old, except: (a) for an order of commitment to the Utah State Developmental Center or to the custody of the Division of Substance Abuse and Mental Health; (b) for an adoption under Subsection 78A-6-103(2)(a)(xiv) or (xv); (c) for an order permanently terminating the rights of a parent, guardian, or custodian under Title 80, Chapter 4, Termination and Restoration of Parental Rights; (d) for a permanent order of custody and guardianship under Subsection 80-3-405(2)(d); (e) an order establishing parentage under Subsection 78A-6-104(1)(a)(i); and (f) as provided in Subsection (2). (2) If the juvenile court enters a judgment or order for a minor for whom the juvenile court has extended continuing jurisdiction over the minor's case until the minor is 25 years old under Section 80-6-605, the juvenile court's judgment or order is no longer in effect after the minor is 25 years old. Amended by Chapter 426, 2025 General Session

Utah Code § 78A-6-359 Appeals.

78A-6-359. Appeals. (1) An appeal to the Court of Appeals may be taken from any order, decree, or judgment of the juvenile court. (2) (a) An appeal of right from an order, decree, or judgment by a juvenile court related to a proceeding under Title 80, Chapter 3, Abuse, Neglect, and Dependency Proceedings, Title 80, Chapter 4, Termination and Restoration of Parental Rights, and Title 81, Chapter 13, Adoption, shall be filed within 15 days after the day on which the juvenile court enters the order, decree, or judgment. (b) A notice of appeal must be signed by appellant's counsel, if any, and by appellant, unless the appellant is a child or state agency. (c) If an appellant fails to timely sign a notice of appeal, the appeal shall be dismissed. (3) An order for a disposition from the juvenile court shall include the following information: (a) notice that the right to appeal described in Subsection (2)(a) is time sensitive and must be taken within 15 days after the day on which the juvenile court enters the order, decree, or judgment appealed from; (b) the right to appeal within the specified time limits; (c) the need for the signature of the parties on a notice of appeal in an appeal described in Subsection (2)(a); and (d) the need for each party to maintain regular contact with the party's counsel and to keep the party's counsel informed of the party's whereabouts. (4) If a party is not present in the courtroom, the juvenile court shall provide a statement containing the information provided in Subsection (3) to the party at the party's last known address. (5) The juvenile court shall inform each party's counsel at the conclusion of the proceedings that, if an appeal is filed, appellate counsel must represent the party throughout the appellate process unless appellate counsel is not appointed under the Utah Rules of Appellate Procedure, Rule 55. (6) During the pendency of an appeal under Subsection (2)(a), a party shall maintain regular contact with the party's appellate counsel, if any, and keep the party's appellate counsel informed of the party's whereabouts. (7) (a) In all other appeals of right, the appeal shall be taken within 30 days after the day on which the juvenile court enters the order, decree, or judgment. (b) A notice of appeal under Subsection (7)(a) must be signed by appellant's counsel, if any, or by appellant. (8) The attorney general shall represent the state in all appeals under this chapter and Title 80, Chapter 3, Abuse, Neglect, and Dependency Proceedings, Title 80, Chapter 4, Termination and Restoration of Parental Rights, and Title 80, Chapter 6, Juvenile Justice. (9) Unless the juvenile court stays the juvenile court's order, the pendency of an appeal does not stay the order or decree appealed from in a minor's case, unless otherwise ordered by the Court of Appeals, if suitable provision for the care and custody of the minor involved is made pending the appeal. (10) Access to the record on appeal is governed by Title 63G, Chapter 2, Government Records Access and Management Act. Amended by Chapter 426, 2025 General Session

Source: Utah Office of Legislative Research and General Counsel (le.utah.gov)URL: https://le.utah.gov/xcode/Title78A/Chapter6/78A-6-P3a.html?v=C78A-6-P3a_2021050520210901Fetched: 10/26/2026