Sexual Exploitation

Utah Code tit. 76, ch. 76-5b, pt. 76-5b-P2

in effect

Utah Code § 76-5b-201 Sexual exploitation of a minor -- Offenses.

76-5b-201. Sexual exploitation of a minor -- Offenses. (1) Terms defined in Section 76-1-101.5 apply to this section. (2) An actor commits sexual exploitation of a minor when the actor knowingly possesses, views, accesses with the intent to view, or maintains access with the intent to view, child sexual abuse material. (3) (a) A violation of Subsection (2) is a second degree felony. (b) It is a separate offense under this section: (i) for each minor depicted in the child sexual abuse material; and (ii) for each time the same minor is depicted in different child sexual abuse material. (4) For a charge of violating this section, it is an affirmative defense that: (a) the defendant: (i) did not solicit the child sexual abuse material from the minor depicted in the child sexual abuse material; (ii) is not more than two years older than the minor depicted in the child sexual abuse material; and (iii) upon request of a law enforcement agent or the minor depicted in the child sexual abuse material, removes from an electronic device or destroys the child sexual abuse material and all copies of the child sexual abuse material in the defendant's possession; and (b) the child sexual abuse material does not depict an offense under Chapter 5, Part 4, Sexual Offenses, other than Section 76-5-417, 76-5-418, 76-5-419, or 76-5-420. (5) In proving a violation of this section in relation to an identifiable minor, proof of the actual identity of the identifiable minor is not required. (6) The following are not criminally or civilly liable under this section when acting in good faith compliance with Section 77-4-201: (a) an entity or an employee, director, officer, or agent of an entity when acting within the scope of employment, for the good faith performance of: (i) reporting or data preservation duties required under federal or state law; or (ii) implementing a policy of attempting to prevent the presence of child sexual abuse material on tangible or intangible property, or of detecting and reporting the presence of child sexual abuse material on the property; (b) a law enforcement officer, a civilian employee of a law enforcement agency, or an independent contractor who is contracted with a law enforcement agency, acting within the scope of a criminal investigation; (c) an employee of a court who may be required to view child sexual abuse material during the course of and within the scope of the employee's employment; (d) a juror who may be required to view child sexual abuse material during the course of the individual's service as a juror; (e) an attorney or employee of an attorney who is required to view child sexual abuse material during the course of a judicial process and while acting within the scope of employment; (f) an employee of the Department of Health and Human Services who is required to view child sexual abuse material within the scope of the employee's employment; (g) an employee, independent contractor, or designated interviewer of a Children's Justice Center, who is required to view child sexual abuse material within the scope of the employee's, independent contractor's, or designated interviewer's scope of employment or assignment; (h) an attorney who is required to view child sexual abuse material within the scope of the attorney's responsibility to represent the Department of Health and Human Services, including the divisions and offices within the Department of Health and Human Services. Amended by Chapter 173, 2025 General Session Amended by Chapter 223, 2025 General Session Amended by Chapter 320, 2025 General Session

Utah Code § 76-5b-201.1 Aggravated sexual exploitation of a minor.

76-5b-201.1. Aggravated sexual exploitation of a minor. (1) Terms defined in Section 76-1-101.5 apply to this section. (2) An actor commits aggravated sexual exploitation of a minor if the actor: (a) knowingly distributes or produces child sexual abuse material; or (b) is the minor's parent or legal guardian and knowingly consents to or permits the minor to be sexually exploited as described in Subsection (2)(a) or Section 76-5b-201. (3) (a) Except as provided in Subsection (3)(b), a violation of Subsection (2) is a first degree felony. (b) If an actor is under 18 years old at the time of the offense, a violation of Subsection (2) is a second degree felony. (4) It is a separate offense under this section: (a) for each minor depicted in the child sexual abuse material; and (b) for each time the same minor is depicted in different child sexual abuse material. (5) In proving a violation of this section in relation to an identifiable minor, proof of the actual identity of the identifiable minor is not required. (6) The following are not criminally or civilly liable under this section when acting in good faith compliance with Section 77-4-201: (a) an entity or an employee, director, officer, or agent of an entity when acting within the scope of employment, for the good faith performance of: (i) reporting or data preservation duties required under federal or state law; or (ii) implementing a policy of attempting to prevent the presence of child sexual abuse material on tangible or intangible property, or of detecting and reporting the presence of child sexual abuse material on the property; (b) a law enforcement officer, a civilian employee of a law enforcement agency, or an independent contractor who is contracted with a law enforcement agency, acting within the scope of a criminal investigation; (c) an employee of a court who may be required to view child sexual abuse material during the course of and within the scope of the employee's employment; (d) a juror who may be required to view child sexual abuse material during the course of the individual's service as a juror; (e) an attorney or employee of an attorney who is required to view child sexual abuse material during the course of a judicial process and while acting within the scope of employment; (f) an employee of the Department of Health and Human Services who is required to view child sexual abuse material within the scope of the employee's employment; (g) an employee, independent contractor, or designated interviewer of a Children's Justice Center, who is required to view child sexual abuse material within the scope of the employee's, independent contractor's, or designated interviewer's scope of employment or assignment; or (h) an attorney who is required to view child sexual abuse material within the scope of the attorney's responsibility to represent the Department of Health and Human Services, including the divisions and offices within the Department of Health and Human Services. Amended by Chapter 223, 2025 General Session Amended by Chapter 320, 2025 General Session

Utah Code § 76-5b-202 Sexual exploitation of a vulnerable adult -- Offenses.

76-5b-202. Sexual exploitation of a vulnerable adult -- Offenses. (1) Terms defined in Section 76-1-101.5 apply to this section. (2) An actor commits sexual exploitation of a vulnerable adult if the actor: (a) (i) (A) knowingly produces, possesses, or possesses with intent to distribute material that the actor knows is vulnerable adult sexual abuse material; or (B) intentionally distributes or views material that the actor knows is vulnerable adult sexual abuse material; and (ii) the vulnerable adult who appears in, or is depicted in, the vulnerable adult sexual abuse material lacks capacity to consent to the conduct described in Subsection (2)(a); or (b) is a vulnerable adult's legal guardian and knowingly consents to, or permits the vulnerable adult to be, sexually exploited as described in Subsection (2)(a). (3) (a) A violation of Subsection (2) is a third degree felony. (b) It is a separate offense under this section: (i) for each vulnerable adult depicted in the vulnerable adult sexual abuse material; and (ii) for each time the same vulnerable adult is depicted in different vulnerable adult sexual abuse material. (4) It is an affirmative defense to a charge of violating this section that no vulnerable adult was actually depicted in the visual depiction or used in producing or advertising the visual depiction. (5) In proving a violation of this section in relation to an identifiable vulnerable adult, proof of the actual identity of the identifiable vulnerable adult is not required. (6) This section may not be construed to impose criminal or civil liability on: (a) any entity or an employee, director, officer, or agent of an entity, when acting within the scope of employment, for the good faith performance of: (i) reporting or data preservation duties required under any federal or state law; or (ii) implementing a policy of attempting to prevent the presence of vulnerable adult sexual abuse material on any tangible or intangible property, or of detecting and reporting the presence of vulnerable adult sexual abuse material on the property; or (b) any law enforcement officer acting within the scope of a criminal investigation. Amended by Chapter 231, 2023 General Session

Utah Code § 76-5b-203 Distribution of an intimate image -- Penalty.

76-5b-203. Distribution of an intimate image -- Penalty. (1) (a) As used in this section: (i) "Intimate image" means any visual depiction, photograph, film, video, recording, picture, or computer or computer-generated image, picture, or video, whether made or produced by electronic, mechanical, or other means, that depicts: (A) exposed human male or female genitals or pubic area, with less than an opaque covering; (B) a female breast with less than an opaque covering, or any portion of the female breast below the top of the areola; or (C) the individual engaged in any sexually explicit conduct. (ii) "Sexually explicit conduct" means actual or simulated: (A) sexual intercourse, including genital-genital, oral-genital, anal-genital, or oral-anal, whether between individuals of the same or opposite sex; (B) masturbation; (C) bestiality; (D) sadistic or masochistic activities; (E) exhibition of the genitals, pubic region, buttocks, or female breast of any individual; (F) visual depiction of nudity or partial nudity; (G) fondling or touching of the genitals, pubic region, buttocks, or female breast; or (H) visual depiction of defecation or urination for the purpose of causing sexual arousal of any individual. (iii) "Simulated sexually explicit conduct" means a feigned or pretended act of sexually explicit conduct that duplicates, within the perception of an average person, the appearance of an actual act of sexually explicit conduct. (iv) "Single criminal episode" means the same as that term is defined in Section 76-1-401. (b) Terms defined in Section 76-1-101.5 apply to this section. (2) (a) An actor commits the offense of distribution of an intimate image if: (i) the actor knowingly or intentionally distributes to a third party, or knowingly duplicates or copies an intimate image of an individual who is 18 years old or older and knows or should know that the distribution, duplication or copying would cause a reasonable person to suffer emotional distress or harm; (ii) the actor has not received consent from the individual depicted in the image to distribute the intimate image; (iii) the intimate image was created by or provided to the actor under circumstances in which the individual depicted in the image has a reasonable expectation of privacy; and (iv) except as provided in Subsection (2)(b), actual emotional distress or harm is caused to the individual depicted in the image as a result of the distribution. (b) Subsection (2)(a)(iv) is not an element of the offense described in Subsection (2)(a) if: (i) the individual depicted in the intimate image was the victim of a crime; (ii) the intimate image was provided to law enforcement as part of an investigation or prosecution of a crime committed against the victim; (iii) the intimate image was distributed without a legitimate law enforcement or investigative purpose by an individual who had access to the intimate image due to the individual's association with the investigation or prosecution described in Subsection (2)(b)(ii); and (iv) the victim is incapacitated or deceased. (3) (a) A violation of Subsection (2) is a class A misdemeanor. (b) Notwithstanding Subsection (3)(a), a violation of Subsection (2) is a third degree felony on a second or subsequent conviction for an offense under this section that does not arise from a single criminal episode. (4) This section does not apply to: (a) except as provided in Section 76-5b-203.5: (i) lawful practices of law enforcement agencies; (ii) prosecutorial agency functions; (iii) the reporting of a criminal offense; (iv) court proceedings or any other judicial proceeding; or (v) lawful and generally accepted medical practices and procedures; (b) an intimate image if the individual portrayed in the image voluntarily allows public exposure of the image; (c) an intimate image that is portrayed in a lawful commercial setting; or (d) an intimate image that is related to a matter of public concern or interest. (5) (a) This section does not apply to an Internet service provider or interactive computer service, as defined in 47 U.S.C. Sec. 230(f)(2), a provider of an electronic communications service as defined in 18 U.S.C. Sec. 2510, a telecommunications service, information service, or mobile service as defined in 47 U.S.C. Sec. 153, including a commercial mobile service as defined in 47 U.S.C. Sec. 332(d), or a cable operator as defined in 47 U.S.C. Sec. 522, if: (i) the distribution of an intimate image by the Internet service provider occurs only incidentally through the provider's function of: (A) transmitting or routing data from one person to another person; or (B) providing a connection between one person and another person; (ii) the provider does not intentionally aid or abet in the distribution of the intimate image; and (iii) the provider does not knowingly receive from or through a person who distributes the intimate image a fee greater than the fee generally charged by the provider, as a specific condition for permitting the person to distribute the intimate image. (b) This section does not apply to a hosting company, as defined in Section 76-5c-401, if: (i) the distribution of an intimate image by the hosting company occurs only incidentally through the hosting company's function of providing data storage space or data caching to a person; (ii) the hosting company does not intentionally engage, aid, or abet in the distribution of the intimate image; and (iii) the hosting company does not knowingly receive from or through a person who distributes the intimate image a fee greater than the fee generally charged by the provider, as a specific condition for permitting the person to distribute, store, or cache the intimate image. (c) A service provider, as defined in Section 76-5c-401, is not negligent under this section if it complies with Section 76-5c-402. Amended by Chapter 173, 2025 General Session Amended by Chapter 320, 2025 General Session

Utah Code § 76-5b-203.5 Misuse of intimate image during a criminal action.

76-5b-203.5. Misuse of intimate image during a criminal action. (1) (a) As used in this section: (i) "Criminal action" means the same as that term is defined in Section 77-1-3. (ii) "Intimate image" means the same as that term is defined in Section 76-5b-203. (b) Terms defined in Section 76-1-101.5 apply to this section. (2) An actor commits misuse of an intimate image during a criminal action if the actor: (a) obtains access to an intimate image in the course of a criminal action; and (b) intentionally displays, duplicates, copies, or shares the intimate image, unless: (i) displaying, duplicating, copying, or sharing the intimate image is done solely for the purpose of the adjudication, defense, prosecution or investigation of a criminal matter involving the intimate image; (ii) each individual who is the subject of the intimate image gives written permission to display, duplicate, copy, or share the intimate image; or (iii) the intimate image was not created by or provided to the actor under circumstances in which the depicted individual has a reasonable expectation of privacy. (3) A violation of Subsection (2) is: (a) a class A misdemeanor for a first offense; or (b) a third degree felony for each subsequent offense. (4) Nothing in this section precludes an agency that employs an individual who is involved in a criminal action from establishing internal policies for an individual's violation of this section. Amended by Chapter 181, 2022 General Session

Utah Code § 76-5b-204 Sexual extortion.

76-5b-204. Sexual extortion. (1) (a) As used in this section: (i) "Adult" means an individual 18 years old or older. (ii) "Child" means an individual under 18 years old. (iii) "Counterfeit intimate image" means the same as that term is defined in Section 76-5b-205. (iv) "Intimate image" means the same as that term is defined in Section 76-5b-203. (v) "Sexually explicit conduct" means the same as that term is defined in Section 76-5b-203. (vi) "Simulated sexually explicit conduct" means the same as that term is defined in Section 76-5b-203. (b) Terms defined in Section 76-1-101.5 apply to this section. (2) An actor commits the offense of sexual extortion if the actor: (a) with an intent to coerce a victim to engage in sexual contact, in sexually explicit conduct, or in simulated sexually explicit conduct, or to produce, provide, or distribute an image, video, or other recording of any individual naked or engaged in sexually explicit conduct: (i) communicates, by any means, a threat: (A) to the victim's person, property, or reputation; or (B) to distribute an intimate image or counterfeit intimate image of the victim; or (ii) after a request from the victim or a third party acting at the direction of the victim: (A) declines to delete an intimate image or counterfeit intimate image of the victim from the actor's possession; or (B) declines to remove or retract from an account managed by the actor on any website, application, or other electronic sharing platform, an intimate image or counterfeit intimate image of the victim previously posted or shared on the website, application, or other electronic sharing platform; (b) knowingly causes a victim to engage in sexual contact, in sexually explicit conduct, or in simulated sexually explicit conduct, or to produce, provide, or distribute any image, video, or other recording of any individual naked or engaged in sexually explicit conduct: (i) by communicating, through any means, a threat: (A) to the victim's person, property, or reputation; or (B) to distribute an intimate image or counterfeit intimate image of the victim; or (ii) by declining, after receiving a request from the victim or a third party acting at the direction of the victim: (A) to delete an intimate image or counterfeit intimate image of the victim from the actor's possession; or (B) to remove or retract from an account managed by the actor on any website, application, or other electronic sharing platform, an intimate image or counterfeit intimate image of the victim previously posted or shared on the website, application, or other electronic sharing platform; or (c) with intent to obtain a thing of value from a victim or compel the victim to do any act or refrain from doing any act against the victim's will: (i) communicates, by any means, a threat to distribute an intimate image or counterfeit intimate image of the victim; or (ii) after a request from the victim or a third party acting at the direction of the victim: (A) declines to delete an intimate image or counterfeit intimate image of the victim from the actor's possession; or (B) declines to remove or retract from an account managed by the actor on any website, application, or other electronic sharing platform, an intimate image or counterfeit intimate image of the victim previously posted or shared on the website, application, or other electronic sharing platform. (3) (a) If the actor is an adult, a violation of Subsection (2) is a third degree felony with a mandatory fine of not less than $5,000. (b) If the actor is a child, a violation of Subsection (2) is a class A misdemeanor. (4) Upon a conviction for a violation of Subsection (2), the court shall order the imposition of at least the applicable minimum fine amount described in Subsection (3)(a) and may not waive or suspend the fine. (5) An actor commits a separate offense under this section: (a) for each victim the actor subjects to the offense described in Subsection (2); and (b) for each separate time the actor subjects a victim to the offense described in Subsection (2). (6) This section does not preclude an actor from being charged and convicted of a separate criminal act if the actor commits the separate criminal act while the actor violates or attempts to violate this section. (7) An interactive computer service, as defined in 47 U.S.C. Sec. 230, is not subject to liability under this section related to content provided by a user of the interactive computer service. (8) This section does not apply if: (a) an actor and another individual are discussing an agreement regarding the mutual deletion or removal of intimate images of the individual in the actor's possession or control and intimate images of the actor in the individual's possession or control; (b) the actor received the intimate images from the individual described in Subsection (8)(a) with the individual's consent; (c) the actor is not threatening to distribute the intimate images of the individual; and (d) there is no agreement for the exchange of any goods, services, or other consideration, or any other action by the actor or individual, except for the mutual deletion or removal of the intimate images. Amended by Chapter 330, 2026 General Session

Utah Code § 76-5b-204.1 Aggravated sexual extortion.

76-5b-204.1. Aggravated sexual extortion. (1) (a) As used in this section: (i) "Adult" means an individual 18 years old or older. (ii) "Child" means an individual under 18 years old. (iii) "Position of special trust" means the same as that term is defined in Section 76-5-404.1. (b) Terms defined in Section 76-1-101.5 apply to this section. (2) An actor commits aggravated sexual extortion when, in conjunction with the offense described in Subsection 76-5b-204(2), any of the following circumstances have been charged and admitted or found true in the action for the offense: (a) the victim is a child or vulnerable adult; (b) the offense was committed by the use of a dangerous weapon or by violence, intimidation, menace, fraud, or threat of physical harm, or was committed during the course of a kidnapping; (c) the victim suffered bodily injury or severe psychological injury during, or as a result of, the offense; (d) the actor was a stranger to the victim, or became a friend of the victim, for the purpose of committing the offense; (e) the actor, before sentencing for the offense, was previously convicted of any sexual offense; (f) the actor occupied a position of special trust in relation to the victim; (g) the actor encouraged, aided, allowed, or benefited from: (i) acts of prostitution or sexual acts by the victim with any other individual; (ii) a sexual performance by the victim before any other individual; or (iii) human trafficking or human smuggling; or (h) the actor caused the penetration, however slight, of the genital or anal opening of the victim by any part or parts of the human body, or by any other object. (3) (a) If the actor is an adult: (i) a violation of Subsection (2) in which the victim is a child or a vulnerable adult is a first degree felony with a mandatory fine of not less than $20,000; (ii) a violation of Subsection (2)(c) in which the victim is an adult who is not a vulnerable adult is a first degree felony with a mandatory fine of not less than $20,000; or (iii) a violation of Subsection (2)(b), (d), (e), (f), (g), or (h) in which the victim is an adult who is not a vulnerable adult is a second degree felony with a mandatory fine of not less than $10,000. (b) If the actor is a child, a violation of Subsection (2) is a third degree felony if there is more than a two-year age gap between the actor and the victim. (4) Upon a conviction for a violation of Subsection (2), the court shall order the imposition of at least the applicable minimum fine amount described in Subsection (3)(a) and may not waive or suspend the fine. (5) This section does not preclude an actor from being charged and convicted of a separate criminal act if the actor commits the separate criminal act while the actor violates or attempts to violate this section. (6) An interactive computer service, as defined in 47 U.S.C. Sec. 230, is not subject to liability under this section related to content provided by a user of the interactive computer service. Enacted by Chapter 330, 2026 General Session

Utah Code § 76-5b-205 Unlawful distribution of a counterfeit intimate image -- Penalty.

76-5b-205. Unlawful distribution of a counterfeit intimate image -- Penalty. (1) (a) As used in this section: (i) "Child" means an individual under 18 years old. (ii) "Counterfeit intimate image" means any visual depiction, photograph, film, video, recording, picture, or computer or computer-generated image , picture, or video, whether made or produced by electronic, mechanical, or other means, that has been edited, manipulated, generated, or altered to depict the likeness of an identifiable individual and purports to, or is made to appear to, depict that individual's: (A) exposed human male or female genitals or pubic area, with less than an opaque covering; (B) a female breast with less than an opaque covering, or any portion of the female breast below the top of the areola; or (C) the individual engaged in any sexually explicit conduct or simulated sexually explicit conduct. (iii) "Sexually explicit conduct" means the same as that term is defined in Section 76-5b-203. (iv) "Simulated sexually explicit conduct" means the same as that term is defined in Section 76-5b-203. (v) "Single criminal episode" means the same as that term is defined in Section 76-1-401. (b) Terms defined in Section 76-1-101.5 apply to this section. (2) (a) An actor commits the offense of unlawful distribution of a counterfeit intimate image if the actor knowingly or intentionally distributes a counterfeit intimate image that the actor knows or should reasonably know would cause a reasonable person to suffer emotional or physical distress or harm, if: (i) the actor has not received consent from the depicted individual to distribute the counterfeit intimate image; and (ii) the counterfeit intimate image was created or provided by the actor without the knowledge and consent of the depicted individual. (b) An actor who is 18 years old or older commits aggravated unlawful distribution of a counterfeit intimate image if, in committing the offense described in Subsection (2)(a), the individual depicted in the counterfeit intimate image is a child. (3) (a) (i) A violation of Subsection (2)(a) that is knowing or intentional is a class A misdemeanor. (ii) Notwithstanding Subsection (3)(a)(i), a violation of Subsection (2)(a) that is knowing or intentional is a third degree felony on a second or subsequent conviction for an offense under this section that does not arise from a single criminal episode. (b) (i) A violation of Subsection (2)(b) that is knowing or intentional is a third degree felony. (ii) Notwithstanding Subsection (3)(b)(i), a violation of Subsection (2)(b) that is knowing or intentional is a second degree felony on a second or subsequent conviction for an offense under this section that does not arise from a single criminal episode. (c) This section does not apply to an actor who engages in conduct that constitutes a violation of this section to the extent that the actor is chargeable, for the same conduct, under Section 76-5b-201, sexual exploitation of a minor, or Section 76-5b-201.1, aggravated sexual exploitation of a minor. (4) This section does not apply to: (a) (i) lawful practices of law enforcement agencies; (ii) prosecutorial agency functions; (iii) the reporting of a criminal offense; (iv) court proceedings or any other judicial proceeding; or (v) lawful and generally accepted medical practices and procedures; (b) a counterfeit intimate image if the individual depicted in the image voluntarily allows public exposure of the image; (c) a counterfeit intimate image that is portrayed in a lawful commercial setting; or (d) a counterfeit intimate image that is related to a matter of public concern or interest or protected by the First Amendment to the United States Constitution or Article I, Sections 1 and 15 of the Utah Constitution. (5) (a) This section does not apply to an Internet service provider or interactive computer service, as defined in 47 U.S.C. Sec. 230(f)(2), a provider of an electronic communications service as defined in 18 U.S.C. Sec. 2510, a telecommunications service, information service, or mobile service as defined in 47 U.S.C. Sec. 153, including a commercial mobile service as defined in 47 U.S.C. Sec. 332(d), or a cable operator as defined in 47 U.S.C. Sec. 522, if: (i) the distribution of a counterfeit intimate image by the Internet service provider occurs only incidentally through the provider's function of: (A) transmitting or routing data from one person to another person; or (B) providing a connection between one person and another person; (ii) the provider does not intentionally aid or abet in the distribution of the counterfeit intimate image; and (iii) the provider does not knowingly receive from or through a person who distributes the counterfeit intimate image a fee greater than the fee generally charged by the provider, as a specific condition for permitting the person to distribute the counterfeit intimate image. (b) This section does not apply to a hosting company, as defined in Section 76-5c-401, if: (i) the distribution of a counterfeit intimate image by the hosting company occurs only incidentally through the hosting company's function of providing data storage space or data caching to a person; (ii) the hosting company does not intentionally engage, aid, or abet in the distribution of the counterfeit intimate image; (iii) the hosting company does not knowingly receive from or through a person who distributes the counterfeit intimate image a fee greater than the fee generally charged by the provider, as a specific condition for permitting the person to distribute, store, or cache the counterfeit intimate image; and (iv) the hosting company immediately removes the counterfeit intimate image upon notice from a law enforcement agency, prosecutorial agency, or the individual purportedly depicted in the counterfeit intimate image. (c) A service provider, as defined in Section 76-5c-401, is not negligent under this section if it complies with Section 76-5c-402. Amended by Chapter 173, 2025 General Session

Utah Code § 76-5b-206 Failure to report child sexual abuse material by a computer technician.

76-5b-206. Failure to report child sexual abuse material by a computer technician. (1) (a) As used in this section, "computer technician" means an individual who in the course and scope of the individual's employment for compensation installs, maintains, troubleshoots, upgrades, or repairs computer hardware, software, personal computer networks, or peripheral equipment. (b) Terms defined in Sections 76-1-101.5 and 76-5b-103 apply to this section. (2) An actor commits failure to report child sexual abuse material by a computer technician if: (a) the actor is a computer technician; (b) in the actor's course of employment for compensation the actor views an image on a computer or other electronic device that: (i) is child sexual abuse material, apparent child sexual abuse material, or obscene child sexual abuse material; (ii) appears to be child sexual abuse material, apparent child sexual abuse material, or obscene child sexual abuse material; or (iii) the actor reasonably believes is child sexual abuse material, apparent child sexual abuse material, or obscene child sexual abuse material; and (c) the actor willfully fails to immediately report the finding of the image to: (i) a state or local law enforcement agency; (ii) the Cyber Tip Line at the National Center for Missing and Exploited Children; or (iii) an employee designated by the employer of the computer technician in accordance with Subsection (7). (3) A violation of Subsection (2) is a class B misdemeanor. (4) The identity of the computer technician who reports an image that is or appears to be child sexual abuse material, apparent child sexual abuse material, or obscene child sexual abuse material shall be confidential, except as necessary for the criminal investigation and the judicial process. (5) (a) If a computer technician makes or does not make a report under this section and is acting in good faith, the technician is immune from any criminal or civil liability related to reporting or not reporting the image. (b) Good faith described in Subsection (5)(a) may be presumed from a computer technician's previous course of conduct when the computer technician has made appropriate reports. (6) It is a defense to prosecution under this section that the computer technician did not report the image because the computer technician reasonably believed the image did not depict an individual younger than 18 years old. (7) (a) An employer of a computer technician may implement a procedure that requires: (i) the computer technician report an image as is required under Subsection (2) to an employee designated by the employer to receive the report of the image; and (ii) the designated employee to immediately forward the report provided by the computer technician to an agency described in Subsection (2)(c)(i). (b) Compliance by the computer technician and the designated employee with the reporting process under Subsection (7)(a) is compliance with the reporting requirement of Subsection (2)(c) and establishes immunity under Subsection (5)(a). (8) This section does not apply to an internet service provider or interactive computer service, as defined in 47 U.S.C. Sec. 230(f)(2), a provider of an electronic communications service as defined in 18 U.S.C. Sec. 2510, a telecommunications service, information service, or mobile service as defined in 47 U.S.C. Sec. 153, including a commercial mobile service as defined in 47 U.S.C. Sec. 332(d), or a cable operator as defined in 47 U.S.C. Sec. 522, if the provider reports the image in compliance with 18 U.S.C. 2258A or a successor federal statute that requires reporting by a provider of an image of child sexual abuse material, apparent child sexual abuse material, or obscene child sexual abuse material. Amended by Chapter 358, 2026 General Session

Utah Code § 76-5b-207 Possession of apparent child sexual abuse material.

76-5b-207. Possession of apparent child sexual abuse material. (1) Terms defined in Sections 76-1-101.5 and 76-5b-103 apply to this section. (2) An actor commits possession of apparent child sexual abuse material if the actor intentionally or knowingly possesses, views, accesses with intent to view, or maintains access with intent to view apparent child sexual abuse material. (3) A violation of Subsection (2) is a second degree felony. (4) It is a separate offense under this section: (a) for each minor depicted in the apparent child sexual abuse material; and (b) for each time the same minor is depicted in different apparent child sexual abuse material. (5) For a charge of violating this section, it is an affirmative defense that: (a) the defendant: (i) is not more than two years older than the minor depicted in the apparent child sexual abuse material; and (ii) upon request of a law enforcement officer removes from an electronic device or destroys the apparent child sexual abuse material and all copies of the apparent child sexual abuse material in the defendant's possession; and (b) the apparent child sexual abuse material does not depict an offense under Chapter 5, Part 4, Sexual Offenses. (6) In proving a violation of this section, proof that the minor depicted in the apparent child sexual abuse material is a real minor that exists is not required. (7) The following are not criminally or civilly liable under this section when acting in good faith compliance with Section 77-4-201: (a) an entity or an employee, director, officer, or agent of an entity when acting within the scope of employment, for the good faith performance of: (i) reporting or data preservation duties required under federal or state law; or (ii) implementing a policy of attempting to prevent the presence of apparent child sexual abuse material on tangible or intangible property, or of detecting and reporting the presence of apparent child sexual abuse material on the property; (b) a law enforcement officer, a civilian employee of a law enforcement agency, or an independent contractor who is contracted with a law enforcement agency, acting within the scope of a criminal investigation; (c) an employee of a court who may be required to view apparent child sexual abuse material during the course of and within the scope of the employee's employment; (d) a juror who may be required to view apparent child sexual abuse material during the course of the individual's service as a juror; (e) an attorney or employee of an attorney who is required to view apparent child sexual abuse material during the course of a judicial process and while acting within the scope of employment; (f) an employee of the Department of Health and Human Services who is required to view apparent child sexual abuse material within the scope of the employee's employment; (g) an employee, independent contractor, or designated interviewer of a Children's Justice Center, who is required to view apparent child sexual abuse material within the scope of the employee's, independent contractor's, or designated interviewer's scope of employment or assignment; or (h) an attorney who is required to view apparent child sexual abuse material within the scope of the attorney's responsibility to represent the Department of Health and Human Services, including the divisions and offices within the Department of Health and Human Services. Enacted by Chapter 358, 2026 General Session

Utah Code § 76-5b-208 Distribution or production of apparent child sexual abuse material.

76-5b-208. Distribution or production of apparent child sexual abuse material. (1) Terms defined in Sections 76-1-101.5 and 76-5b-103 apply to this section. (2) An actor commits distribution of apparent child sexual abuse material if the actor intentionally: (a) distributes apparent child sexual abuse material; or (b) produces apparent child sexual abuse material. (3) (a) Except as provided in Subsection (3)(b), a violation of Subsection (2) is a first degree felony. (b) If an actor is under 18 years old at the time the actor commits the offense, a violation of Subsection (2) is a second degree felony. (4) It is a separate offense under this section: (a) for each minor depicted in the apparent child sexual abuse material; and (b) for each time the same minor is depicted in different apparent child sexual abuse material. (5) In proving a violation of this section, proof that the minor depicted in the apparent child sexual abuse material is a real minor that exists is not required. (6) The following are not criminally or civilly liable under this section when acting in good faith compliance with Section 77-4-201: (a) an entity or an employee, director, officer, or agent of an entity when acting within the scope of employment, for the good faith performance of: (i) reporting or data preservation duties required under federal or state law; or (ii) implementing a policy of attempting to prevent the presence of apparent child sexual abuse material on tangible or intangible property, or of detecting and reporting the presence of apparent child sexual abuse material on the property; (b) a law enforcement officer, a civilian employee of a law enforcement agency, or an independent contractor who is contracted with a law enforcement agency, acting within the scope of a criminal investigation; (c) an employee of a court who may be required to view apparent child sexual abuse material during the course of and within the scope of the employee's employment; (d) a juror who may be required to view apparent child sexual abuse material during the course of the individual's service as a juror; (e) an attorney or employee of an attorney who is required to view apparent child sexual abuse material during the course of a judicial process and while acting within the scope of employment; (f) an employee of the Department of Health and Human Services who is required to view apparent child sexual abuse material within the scope of the employee's employment; (g) an employee, independent contractor, or designated interviewer of a Children's Justice Center, who is required to view apparent child sexual abuse material within the scope of the employee's, independent contractor's, or designated interviewer's scope of employment or assignment; or (h) an attorney who is required to view apparent child sexual abuse material within the scope of the attorney's responsibility to represent the Department of Health and Human Services, including the divisions and offices within the Department of Health and Human Services. Enacted by Chapter 358, 2026 General Session

Utah Code § 76-5b-209 Unlawful activity regarding obscene material depicting the sexual abuse of a minor.

76-5b-209. Unlawful activity regarding obscene material depicting the sexual abuse of a minor. (1) Terms defined in Sections 76-1-101.5 and 76-5b-103 apply to this section. (2) Under circumstances not amounting to an offense under Section 76-5b-201 or 76-5b-201.1, an actor commits unlawful activity regarding obscene material depicting the sexual abuse of a minor if the actor intentionally or knowingly: (a) produces obscene child sexual abuse material; (b) distributes obscene child sexual abuse material; (c) receives obscene child sexual abuse material; or (d) possesses obscene child sexual abuse material with the intent to distribute the obscene child sexual abuse material. (3) A violation of Subsection (2) is a second degree felony. (4) For a charge of violating this section, it is an affirmative defense that: (a) the defendant: (i) did not solicit the obscene child sexual abuse material from any minor depicted in the child sexual abuse material; (ii) is not more than two years older than any minor depicted in the obscene child sexual abuse material; and (iii) upon request of a law enforcement officer or any minor depicted in the obscene child sexual abuse material, removes from an electronic device or destroys the obscene child sexual abuse material and all copies of the obscene child sexual abuse material in the defendant's possession; and (b) the obscene child sexual abuse material does not depict an offense under Chapter 5, Part 4, Sexual Offenses. (5) The following are not criminally or civilly liable under this section when acting in good faith compliance with Section 77-4-201: (a) an entity or an employee, director, officer, or agent of an entity when acting within the scope of employment, for the good faith performance of: (i) reporting or data preservation duties required under federal or state law; or (ii) implementing a policy of attempting to prevent the presence of obscene child sexual abuse material on tangible or intangible property, or of detecting and reporting the presence of obscene child sexual abuse material on the property; (b) a law enforcement officer, a civilian employee of a law enforcement agency, or an independent contractor who is contracted with a law enforcement agency, acting within the scope of a criminal investigation; (c) an employee of a court who may be required to view obscene child sexual abuse material during the course of and within the scope of the employee's employment; (d) a juror who may be required to view obscene child sexual abuse material during the course of the individual's service as a juror; (e) an attorney or employee of an attorney who is required to view obscene child sexual abuse material during the course of a judicial process and while acting within the scope of employment; (f) an employee of the Department of Health and Human Services who is required to view obscene child sexual abuse material within the scope of the employee's employment; (g) an employee, independent contractor, or designated interviewer of a Children's Justice Center, who is required to view obscene child sexual abuse material within the scope of the employee's, independent contractor's, or designated interviewer's scope of employment or assignment; or (h) an attorney who is required to view obscene child sexual abuse material within the scope of the attorney's responsibility to represent the Department of Health and Human Services, including the divisions and offices within the Department of Health and Human Services. Enacted by Chapter 358, 2026 General Session

Source: Utah Office of Legislative Research and General Counsel (le.utah.gov)URL: https://le.utah.gov/xcode/Title76/Chapter5B/76-5b-P2.html?v=C76-5b-P2_1800010118000101Fetched: 10/26/2026