WATER SUPPLY AND DISTRIBUTION

Philadelphia Code tit. 4, pt. P, ch. 6

in effect

Philadelphia Code Subcode P, § 601 GENERAL

SECTION 601 GENERAL * * * 601.5 Rehabilitation of piping systems. Where pressure piping systems are rehabilitated using an epoxy lining system, such lining system shall comply with ASTM F2831. * * *

Philadelphia Code Subcode P, § 602 WATER REQUIRED

SECTION 602 WATER REQUIRED * * * P-602.1.1 Separate water connection. A building having plumbing fixtures installed and intended for human habitation, occupancy or use on premises abutting on a street, alley, or easement in which there is a public water main shall have a separate connection to the public water main. Where located on the same deeded property and maintained under the same ownership, multiple buildings shall not be prohibited from connecting to a common private water distribution pipe that connects to the public water main provided that the common private water distribution pipe is not placed underneath any building or structure and is connected after the existing water meter. P-602.1.1.1 Non-residential. Non-residential buildings and other structures on the same deeded property and maintained under the same ownership shall be permitted to connect to a common water supply. P-602.1.1.2 Residential. Where one building stands in the rear of another building on the same deeded property and maintained under the same ownership, and a separate water supply cannot be provided for the rear building through an alley, yard or other open public space, the water supply of the front building shall be permitted to serve the rear building, provided the water supply of the front building is of adequate size and in suitable condition to serve both front and rear buildings. * * * 602.3 Individual water supply. Where a potable public water supply is not available, individual sources of potable water supply shall be utilized. P-602.3.1 Sources. Dependent on geological and soil conditions and the amount of rainfall, individual water supplies are of the following types type: drilled well. well, driven well, dug well, bored well, spring, stream or cistern. Surface bodies of water and land cisterns shall not be sources of individual water supply unless properly treated by approved means to prevent contamination. Individual water supplies shall be constructed and installed in accordance with the applicable state and local laws. Where such laws do not address all of the requirements set forth in NGWA-01, individual water supplies shall comply with NGWA-01 for those requirements not addressed by state and local laws. Note: Each well’s water quality requires approval by the Department of Public Health. * * * P-602.4 Private water distribution pipes. Repairs to Existing Private water distribution pipe materials shall be in accordance with Section 605. New or extended water distribution pipes may not cross any adjoining property lines except private water infrastructure designed in accordance with Section P-614. * * *

Philadelphia Code Subcode P, § 605 MATERIALS, JOINTS AND CONNECTIONS

SECTION 605 MATERIALS, JOINTS AND CONNECTIONS P-605.1 Soil and ground water. The installation of a water service or water distribution pipe or water-supply pipes shall be prohibited in soil and ground water contaminated with solvents, fuels, organic compounds or other detrimental materials causing permeation, corrosion, degradation or structural failure of the piping material. Where detrimental conditions are suspected, a chemical analysis of the soil and ground water conditions shall be required to ascertain the acceptability of the water service or water distribution piping material for the specific installation. Where detrimental conditions exist, approved alternative materials or routing shall be required * * * P-605.3 Water service distribution pipe. Water service distribution pipe shall conform to NSF 61 and shall conform to one of the standards listed in Table 605.3. Water service distribution pipe or tubing, installed underground and outside of the structure, shall have a working pressure rating of not less than 160 psi (1100 kPa) at 73.4ºF (23ºC). Where the water pressure exceeds 160 psi (1100 kPa), piping material shall have a working pressure rating not less than the highest available pressure. Water service distribution piping materials not third-party certified for water distribution supply shall terminate at or before the full open valve located at the entrance to the structure. Ductile iron water service distribution piping shall be cement mortar lined in accordance with AWWA C104/A21.4. Any water distribution pipe serving or located within occupancies other than one-and two-family dwellings and apartments shall be metallic piping in accordance with this section and listed on Table P-605.3. All water service piping from the City water main tap to the curb stop shall conform to the regulations as set forth by the Philadelphia Water Department. Exception: Pipes 3 inches and larger shall be ductile iron to the meter. TABLE P-605.3 WATER SERVICE DISTRIBUTION PIPE * * * P-605.4 Water distribution supply pipe. Water distribution supply pipe and tubing shall conform to NSF 61 and shall conform to one of the standards listed in Table 605.4. Hot water distribution supply pipe and tubing shall have a pressure rating of not less than 100 psi (690 kPa) at 180ºF (82ºC). Any water supply piping supplying or located within occupancies other than one- and two-family dwellings and apartments shall be metallic piping in accordance with this section. TABLE P-605.4 WATER DISTRIBUTION SUPPLY PIPE * * * P-605.4.1 High rise materials. Metallic piping shall be installed in buildings with an occupied floor located more than 75 feet (22,860 mm) above the lowest level of fire department vehicle access. Exception: Nonmetallic piping may be used within demised individual residential dwelling units located within buildings with an occupied floor located more than 75 feet (22,860 mm) and not more than 150 feet (45,720 mm) above the lowest level of fire department vehicle access. * * * P-605.5 Fittings. Pipe fittings shall be approved for installation with the piping material installed and shall comply with the applicable standards listed in Table 605.5. Pipe fittings utilized in water supply systems shall also comply with NSF 61. Ductile and gray iron pipe and pipe fittings utilized in water service distribution piping systems shall be cement mortar lined in accordance with AWWA C104/A21.4. * * * P-605.6 Flexible water connectors. Flexible water connectors shall be prohibited. Exception: In one- and two-family dwellings, flexible water connectors where exposed to continuous pressure shall conform to ASME A112.18.6/CSA B125.6. Access shall be provided to all flexible water connectors. * * * 605.13 Copper tubing. Joints between copper or copper-alloy tubing and fittings shall comply with Sections 605.13.1 through 605.13.7. * * * P-605.13.5 Press-connect joints. Press-connect joints shall conform to one of the standards indicated in Table 605.5, and shall be installed in accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions. Cut tube ends shall be reamed to the full inside diameter of the tube end. Joint surfaces shall be cleaned. The tube shall be fully inserted into the press-connect fitting. Press-connect joints shall be pressed with a tool certified by the manufacturer. Press-connect joints shall be limited to above ground installations only. * * * P-605.13.7 Push-fit joints. Push-fit joints shall conform to ASSE 1061 and shall be installed in accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions and limited to above ground installations only. 605.14 CPVC plastic. Joints between CPVC plastic pipe and fittings shall comply with Sections 605.14.1 through 605.14.4. * * * P-605.14.4 Push-fit joints. Push-fit joints shall conform to ASSE 1061 and shall be installed in accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions and limited to above ground installations only. * * *

Philadelphia Code Subcode P, § 607 HOT WATER SUPPLY SYSTEM

SECTION 607 HOT WATER SUPPLY SYSTEM * * * 607.2 Hot or tempered water supply to fixtures. The developed length of hot or tempered water piping, from the source of hot water to the fixtures that require hot or tempered water, shall not exceed 50 feet (15 240 mm). Recirculating system piping and heat-traced piping shall be considered to be sources of hot or tempered water. * * * P-607.2.1 Circulation systems and heat trace systems for maintaining heated water temperature in distribution supply systems. For Group R2, R3 and R4 occupancies that are three stories or less in height above grade plane, the installation of heated water circulation and temperature maintenance systems shall be in accordance with Section R403.5.1 of the International Energy Conservation Code. For other than Group R2, R3 and R4 occupancies that are three stories or less in height above grade plane, the installation of heated water circulation and heat trace systems shall be in accordance with Section C404.6 of the International Energy Conservation Code. * * * P-607.2.1.2 Demand recirculation controls for distribution supply systems. A water distribution supply system having one or more recirculation pumps that pump water from a heated water supply pipe back to the heated water source through a cold water supply pipe shall be a demand recirculation water system. Pumps shall have controls that comply with both of the following: 1. The control shall start the pump upon receiving a signal from the action of a user of a fixture or appliance, sensing the presence of a user of a fixture, or sensing the flow of hot or tempered water to a fixture fitting or appliance. 2. The control shall limit the temperature of the water entering the cold water piping to 104°F (40°C). * * * P-607.3 Thermal expansion control. Where a storage water heater is supplied with cold water that passes through a check valve, pressure reducing valve or backflow preventer, a thermal expansion control device shall be connected to the water heater cold water supply pipe at a point that is downstream of all check valves, pressure reducing valves and backflow preventers. Thermal expansion tanks shall be sized in accordance with the tank manufacturer’s instructions and shall be sized such that the pressure in the water distribution supply system shall not exceed that required by Section 604.8. * * *

Philadelphia Code Subcode P, § 608 PROTECTION OF POTABLE WATER SUPPLY

SECTION 608 PROTECTION OF POTABLE WATER SUPPLY 608.1 General. A potable water supply system shall be designed, installed and maintained in such a manner so as to prevent contamination from nonpotable liquids, solids or gases being introduced into the potable water supply through cross connections or any other piping connections to the system. Backflow preventer applications shall conform to Table 608.1, except as specifically stated in Sections 608.2 through 608.17.10. P-608.1.1 Backflow containment assemblies required. Backflow containment assemblies shall be installed in all buildings. Exception: Residential buildings with four dwelling units or less. P-608.1.2 Installation of backflow containment assemblies. Installation shall be in accordance with Philadelphia Water Department Regulation 403 and the Philadelphia Water Department Cross Connection Control Manual, as amended. * * * P-608.4 Potable water handling and treatment equipment. Water pumps, filters, softeners, tanks and other appliances and devices that handle or treat potable water to be supplied to the potable water distribution supply system shall be located to prevent contamination from entering the appliances and devices. Overflow, relief valve and waste discharge pipes from such appliances and devices shall terminate through an air gap. * * * 608.9 Identification of nonpotable water systems. Where nonpotable water systems are installed, the piping conveying the nonpotable water shall be identified either by color marking, metal tags or tape in accordance with Sections 608.9.1 through 608.9.2.3. * * * P-608.9.2 Distribution pipe labeling and marking. Non-potable distribution and supply piping shall be purple in color and shall be embossed, or integrally stamped or marked, with the words: “CAUTION: NONPOTABLE WATER – DO NOT DRINK” or the piping shall be installed with a purple identification tape or wrap. Pipe identification shall include the contents of the piping system and an arrow indicating the direction of flow. Hazardous piping systems shall also contain information addressing the nature of the hazard. Pipe identification shall be repeated at intervals not exceeding 25 feet (7620 mm) and at each point where the piping passes through a wall, floor or roof. Lettering shall be readily observable within the room or space where the piping is located. * * * P-608.9.2.3 Identification tape. Where used, identification tape shall be not less than 3 inches (76 mm) wide and have white or black lettering on a purple field stating “CAUTION: NONPOTABLE WATER – DO NOT DRINK.” Identification tape shall be installed on top of nonpotable rainwater distribution and supply pipes, fastened not less than every 10 feet (3048 mm) to each pipe length and run continuously the entire length of the pipe. * * * 608.17 Connections to the potable water system. Connections to the potable water system shall conform to Sections 608.17.1 through 608.17.10. * * * P-608.17.4 Connections to automatic sprinkler systems and standpipe systems. The potable water supply to automatic sprinkler systems and standpipe systems shall be protected against backflow by a double check backflow prevention assembly, a double check fire protection backflow prevention assembly or a reduced pressure principle fire protection backflow prevention assembly. Exceptions: 1. Where systems are installed as a portion of the water distribution supply system in accordance with the requirements of this code and are not provided with a fire department connection, isolation of the water supply system shall not be required. 2. Isolation of the water distribution supply system is not required for deluge, preaction or dry pipe systems. * * * P-608.17.7 Chemical dispensers. Where chemical dispensers connect to the potable water distribution supply system, the water supply system shall be protected against backflow in accordance with Section 608.14.1, 608.14.2, 608.14.5, 608.14.6, or 608.14.8. P-608.17.8 Portable cleaning equipment. Where the portable cleaning equipment connects to the water distribution supply system, the water supply system shall be protected against backflow in accordance with Section 608.14.1, 608.14.2, 608.14.3, 608.14.7 or 608.14.8. * * * 608.18 Protection of individual water supplies. An individual water supply shall be located and constructed so as to be safeguarded against contamination in accordance with Sections 608.18.1 through 608.18.87. P-608.18.1 Well locations. A potable ground water source or pump suction line shall not be located closer to potential sources of contamination than the distances shown in Table 608.18.1. In the event the underlying rock structure is limestone or fragmented shale, the local or state health department shall be consulted on well site location. The distances in Table 608.18.1 constitute minimum separation and shall be increased in areas of creviced rock or limestone, or where the direction of movement of the ground water is from sources of contamination toward the well. Note: All well-water quality requires approval by the Department of Public Health. * * * 608.18.6 Dug or bored well casings. Dug or bored well casings shall be of water-tight concrete, tile or galvanized or corrugated metal pipe extending to not less than 10 feet (3048 mm) below the ground surface. Where the water table is more than 10 feet (3048 mm) below the ground surface, the water-tight casing shall extend below the table surface. Well casings for dug wells or bored wells con- structed with sections of concrete, tile or galvanized or corrugated metal pipe shall be surrounded by 6 inches (152 mm) of grout poured into the hole between the out- side of the casing and the ground and extending not less than 10 feet (3048 mm) below the ground surface. P-608.18.76 Cover. Potable water wells shall be equipped with an overlapping water-tight cover at the top of the well casing or pipe sleeve such that contaminated water or other substances are prevented from entering the well through the annular opening at the top of the well casing, wall or pipe sleeve. Covers shall extend downward not less than 2 inches (51 mm) over the outside of the well casing or wall. A dug well cover shall be provided with a pipe sleeve permitting the withdrawal of the pump suction pipe, cylinder or jet body without disturbing the cover. Where pump sections or discharge pipes enter or leave a well through the side of the casing, the circle of contact shall be water tight. P-608.18.87 Drainage. Potable water wells and springs shall be constructed such that surface drainage will be diverted away from the well or spring. * * *

Philadelphia Code Subcode P, § 609 HEALTH CARE PLUMBING

SECTION 609 HEALTH CARE PLUMBING * * * P-609.2 Water service and distribution for Group I-2, Condition 2 facilities. Hospitals Group I-2, Condition 2 facilities shall have not fewer than two water service pipes and water distribution pipes sized such that with the loss of the largest service pipe, the remaining service pipes will meet the water demand for the entire facility. Each water service shall have a shutoff valve in the building and a shutoff valve at the utility-provided point of connection to the water main or other source of potable water. * * *

Philadelphia Code Subcode P, § 610 DISINFECTION OF POTABLE WATER SYSTEMS

SECTION 610 DISINFECTION OF POTABLE WATER SYSTEMS P-610.1 General. New potable water systems shall be purged of deleterious matter and disinfected prior to utilization. The method to be followed shall be that prescribed by the health authority or water purveyor having jurisdiction or, in the absence of a prescribed method, the procedure described in either AWWA C651 or AWWA C652, or as described in this section. This requirement shall apply to “on-site” or “in-plant” fabrication of a system or to a modular portion of a system. Exception: Analysis and disinfection shall not be required for interior piping or water distribution piping servicing one- and two-family dwellings and townhouses up to three stories in height. * * *

Philadelphia Code § P-603 WATER SERVICE DISTRIBUTION

SECTION P-603 WATER SERVICE DISTRIBUTION P-603.1 Size of water service distribution pipe. The water service distribution pipe shall be sized to supply water to the structure in the quantities and at the pressures required in this code. The water service distribution pipe shall be not less than 3/4 inch (19.1 mm) in diameter. P-603.2 Separation of water service, water distribution piping and, building sewer, building drains, storm sewer or storm drainage piping. Where water service piping is located in the same trench with the building sewer, such sewer shall be constructed of materials listed in Table 702.2. Where the building sewer piping is not constructed of materials listed in Table 702.2, the water service pipe and the building sewer shall be horizontally separated by not less than 5 feet (1524 mm) of undisturbed or compacted earth. Water distribution piping shall be horizontally separated by not less than 5 feet of undisturbed or compacted earth when it is adjacent to nonmetallic pipe material serving building sewers, building drains, storm sewer or storm drainage piping. The water distribution pipe shall be separated not less than 12" vertical and 12" horizontal from the outer edge of building sewers, building drains, storm sewers or storm drainage piping where metallic piping is used. The required separation distance shall not apply where a water service distribution pipe crosses a building sewer pipe, building drains, storm sewer or storm drainage piping, provided that the water service water distribution piping is at least 12" above such pipe and sleeved to a point not less than 5 feet (1524 mm) horizontally from the building sewer, building drains, storm sewer or storm drainage pipe centerline on both sides of such crossing. The sleeve shall be of pipe materials listed in Table 605.3, 702.2 or 702.3. The required separation distance shall not apply where the bottom of the water service pipe, located within 5 feet (1524 mm) of the sewer, is not less than 12 inches (305 mm) above the highest point of the top of the building sewer. P-603.2.1 Water service Water distribution pipe near sources of pollution. Potable water service pipes water distribution pipe shall not be located in, under or above cesspools, septic tanks, septic tank drainage fields or seepage pits. Where soil or ground water causes contaminated conditions for piping, analysis shall be required in accordance with Section P-605.1. P-603.3 Property lines. Water distribution pipes may not cross adjoining property lines except private water infrastructure designed in accordance with Section P-614.

Philadelphia Code § P-604 DESIGN OF BUILDING WATER DISTRIBUTION SUPPLY SYSTEM

SECTION P-604 DESIGN OF BUILDING WATER DISTRIBUTION SUPPLY SYSTEM P-604.1 General. The design of the water distribution supply system shall conform to accepted engineering practice. Methods utilized to determine pipe sizes shall be approved. * * * P-604.3 Water distribution supply system design criteria. The water distribution supply system shall be designed, and pipe sizes shall be selected such that under conditions of peak demand, the capacities at the fixture supply pipe outlets shall be not less than shown in Table P-604.3. The minimum flow rate and flow pressure provided to fixtures and appliances not listed in Table P-604.3 shall be in accordance with the manufacturer’s installation instructions. TABLE P-604.3 WATER DISTRIBUTION SUPPLY SYSTEM DESIGN CRITERIA REQUIRED CAPACITY AT FIXTURE SUPPLY PIPE OUTLETS * * * P-604.5 Size of fixture supply. The minimum size of a fixture supply pipe shall be as shown in Table 604.5. The fixture supply pipe shall terminate not more than 30 inches (762 mm) from the point of connection to the fixture. A reduced-size flexible water connector installed between the supply pipe and the fixture shall be of an approved type. The supply pipe shall extend to the floor or wall adjacent to the fixture. The minimum size of individual distribution supply lines utilized in gridded or parallel water supply systems shall be as shown in Table 604.5. A ridged water connector shall be required in all occupancies other than one- and two-family dwellings. * * * P-604.6 Variable street pressures. Where street water main pressures fluctuate, the building water distribution supply system shall be designed for the minimum pressure available. * * * P-604.8 Water pressure-reducing valve or regulator. Where water pressure within a building exceeds 80 psi (552 kPa) static, an approved water pressure-reducing valve conforming to ASSE 1003 or CSA B356 with strainer shall be installed to reduce the pressure in the building water distribution supply piping to not greater than 80 psi (552 kPa) static. Exception: Service lines to sill cocks and outside hydrants, and main supply risers where pressure from the mains is reduced to 80 psi (552 kPa) or less at individual fixtures. * * * P-604.9 Water hammer. The flow velocity of the water distribution supply system shall be controlled to reduce the possibility of water hammer. A water-hammer arrestor shall be installed where quick-closing valves are utilized. Water-hammer arrestors shall be installed in accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions. Water-hammer arrestors shall conform to ASSE 1010. P-604.10 Gridded and parallel water distribution supply system manifolds. Hot water and cold water manifolds installed with gridded or parallel connected individual distribution supply lines to each fixture or fixture fitting shall be designed in accordance with Sections 604.10.1 through 604.10.3. * * *

Philadelphia Code § P-606 INSTALLATION OF THE BUILDING WATER DISTRIBUTION SUPPLY SYSTEM

SECTION P-606 INSTALLATION OF THE BUILDING WATER DISTRIBUTION SUPPLY SYSTEM * * * P-606.7 Labeling of water distribution pipes in bundles. Where water distribution piping is bundled at installation, each pipe in the bundle shall be identified using stenciling or commercially available pipe labels. The identification shall indicate the pipe contents and the direction of flow in the pipe. The interval of the identification markings on the pipe shall not exceed 25 feet (7620 mm). There shall be not less than one identification label on each pipe in each room, space or story.

Philadelphia Code § P-614 PRIVATE WATER INFRASTRUCTURE

SECTION P-614 PRIVATE WATER INFRASTRUCTURE P-614.1 General. The provisions of this section shall govern the materials, design, and construction of Private Water Infrastructure. P-614.1.1 Definitions. The following definitions shall apply to Private Water Infrastructure. MASTER METER. A measuring device owned and maintained by the Philadelphia Water Department used to collect data and indicate water usage from multiple individually metered units in a Condominium or Planned Community. PRIVATE WATER INFRASTRUCTURE PIPE. The pipe that is constructed on private property between the Master Meter and the Private Water Distribution Pipe owned and maintained by the Unit Owner’s Association to serve some or all units within a Condominium or Planned Community. PRIVATE WATER DISTRIBUTION PIPE. For the purposes of this section, this is limited to the section of pipe located between the Private Water Infrastructure Pipe and the individual building. P-614.2 Materials. The Private Water Infrastructure Pipe and Private Water Distribution Pipe shall conform to one of the standards listed in Table 605.3 of this code and the requirements shall be consistent with all materials, joints and connections listed in Section 605. P-614.3 Connections. The Private Water Distribution Pipe for each house or structure shall be connected to the Private Water Infrastructure Pipe separately. A Private Water Infrastructure Pipe used to convey both domestic and fire protection in a single pipe is permitted. P-614.3.1 Shut off valves. Each connection of the Private Water Distribution Pipe to the Private Water Infrastructure Pipe shall have an accessible shut off valve installed no less than 3 feet (914 mm) from the outside of the building wall and in line with the ferrule connection on the Private Water Infrastructure Pipe. P-614.4 Access for repairs. Separation of Private Water, Sanitary Sewer and Storm Sewer Infrastructure placed in the same alignment and at a depth not exceeding 5 feet (1524 mm) shall comply with Section 603.2 of this code. Infrastructure placed at depths greater than 5 feet (1524 mm) shall be horizontally separated at a distance that allows for the approved sheeting and shoring and not less than 2 feet (609 mm). P-614.5 Protection of structures. The Private Water Infrastructure Pipe installed parallel to footings and walls shall not extend into the bearing plane of a footing or wall in accordance with Section 307.5 of this code. Private Water Infrastructure pipe shall not be installed within 5 feet (1524 mm) of any adjoining property line. Private Water Infrastructure Pipe shall not be installed within 3 feet (914 mm) of any parallel building foundation. P-614.6 Fire hydrants. The Private Water Infrastructure Pipe with Fire hydrant connections shall be metered and require backflow protection in accordance with Philadelphia Water Department (PWD) Regulations. The Philadelphia Fire Department shall govern the placement of fire hydrants. PWD may direct the placement of blow-offs and meters on the Private Water Distribution Pipe to ensure water quality. Exception: A master meter on a Private Water Infrastructure Pipe used to convey both domestic and fire protection in a single pipe shall be an acceptable method to meter hydrants. P-614.7 Easement required. Private Water Infrastructure Pipe shall require an easement with a minimum width of 12 foot (3657 mm) and must provide adequate space to replace/ repair the private infrastructure. Minimum vertical drive height clearance of 13 feet 6 inches (4115 mm) or two times the pipe depth to pipe bottom, whichever is greater, shall be provided. The easement shall also provide access to individual private water distribution pipes and valves and allow for shut- offs when necessary. No permanent structures shall be built over or in the easement unless these vertical height clearances are met.

Philadelphia Code § P-615 ABANDONED WATER SUPPLY SYSTEM AND COMPONENTS

SECTION P-615 ABANDONED WATER SUPPLY SYSTEM AND COMPONENTS P-615.1 Discontinuance of water service. Where a property no longer requires a water service connection the owner shall make application to the Philadelphia Water Department for a discontinuance permit. Abandoned water service piping shall be capped or plugged at the curb or shall have the ferrule removed. P-615.2 Abandonment of water distribution piping. Abandoned water distribution piping shall be capped or plugged at the curb line or at the meter pit and properly capped or plugged inside the building or structure at the nearest possible location to the point of entry. P-615.3 Abandoned water supply pipe. Abandoned water supply piping or water supply piping intended to serve future fixtures within a building or structure shall be capped or plugged with a fitting and provided with a valve within two feet of the point of origin of the water supply serving the abandoned piping or future fixture piping so as not to create a dead end or dead leg. Any abandoned water supply piping placed back into service shall be disinfected per Section 610.

Source: City of Philadelphia, The Philadelphia Code and Home Rule Charter (American Legal Publishing, codelibrary.amlegal.com)URL: https://codelibrary.amlegal.com/codes/philadelphia/latest/philadelphia_pa/0-0-0-270798Fetched: 10/27/2026