USC Subpart A

USC Subpart A
in effect

26 U.S.C. § 991 Taxation of a domestic international sales corporation

For purposes of the taxes imposed by this subtitle upon a DISC (as defined in section 992(a)), a DISC shall not be subject to the taxes imposed by this subtitle.

26 U.S.C. § 992 Requirements of a domestic international sales corporation

(a) Definition of “DISC” and “former DISC”(1) DISCFor purposes of this title, the term “DISC” means, with respect to any taxable year, a corporation which is incorporated under the laws of any State and satisfies the following conditions for the taxable year:(A) 95 percent or more of the gross receipts (as defined in section 993(f)) of such corporation consist of qualified export receipts (as defined in section 993(a)), (B) the adjusted basis of the qualified export assets (as defined in section 993(b)) of the corporation at the close of the taxable year equals or exceeds 95 percent of the sum of the adjusted basis of all assets of the corporation at the close of the taxable year, (C) such corporation does not have more than one class of stock and the par or stated value of its outstanding stock is at least $2,500 on each day of the taxable year, and (D) the corporation has made an election pursuant to subsection (b) to be treated as a DISC and such election is in effect for the taxable year. (2) Status as DISC after having filed a return as a DISCThe Secretary shall prescribe regulations setting forth the conditions under and the extent to which a corporation which has filed a return as a DISC for a taxable year shall be treated as a DISC for such taxable year for all purposes of this title, notwithstanding the fact that the corporation has failed to satisfy the conditions of paragraph (1). (3) “Former DISC”For purposes of this title, the term “former DISC” means, with respect to any taxable year, a corporation which is not a DISC for such year but was a DISC in a preceding taxable year and at the beginning of the taxable year has undistributed previously taxed income or accumulated DISC income. (b) Election(1) Election(A) An election by a corporation to be treated as a DISC shall be made by such corporation for a taxable year at any time during the 90–day period immediately preceding the beginning of the taxable year, except that the Secretary may give his consent to the making of an election at such other times as he may designate. (B) Such election shall be made in such manner as the Secretary shall prescribe and shall be valid only if all persons who are shareholders in such corporation on the first day of the first taxable year for which such election is effective consent to such election. (2) Effect of electionIf a corporation makes an election under paragraph (1), then the provisions of this part shall apply to such corporation for the taxable year of the corporation for which made and for all succeeding taxable years and shall apply to each person who at any time is a shareholder of such corporation for all periods on or after the first day of the first taxable year of the corporation for which the election is effective. (3) Termination of election(A) RevocationAn election under this subsection made by any corporation may be terminated by revocation of such election for any taxable year of the corporation after the first taxable year of the corporation for which the election is effective. A termination under this paragraph shall be effective with respect to such election—(i) for the taxable year in which made, if made at any time during the first 90 days of such taxable year, or (ii) for the taxable year following the taxable year in which made, if made after the close of such 90 days, and for all succeeding taxable years of the corporation. Such termination shall be made in such manner as the Secretary shall prescribe by regulations. (B) Continued failure to be DISCIf a corporation is not a DISC for each of any 5 consecutive taxable years of the corporation for which an election under this subsection is effective, the election shall be terminated and not be in effect for any taxable year of the corporation after such 5th year. (c) Distributions to meet qualification requirements(1) In generalSubject to the conditions provided by paragraph (2), a corporation which for a taxable year does not satisfy a condition specified in paragraph (1)(A) (relating to gross receipts) or (1)(B) (relating to assets) of subsection (a) shall nevertheless be deemed to satisfy such condition for such year if it makes a pro rata distribution of property after the close of the taxable year to its shareholders (designated at the time of such distribution as a distribution to meet qualification requirements) with respect to their stock in an amount which is equal to—(A) if the condition of subsection (a)(1)(A) is not satisfied, the portion of such corporation’s taxable income attributable to its gross receipts which are not qualified export receipts for such year, (B) if the condition of subsection (a)(1)(B) is not satisfied, the fair market value of those assets which are not qualified export assets on the last day of such taxable year, or (C) if neither of such conditions is satisfied, the sum of the amounts required by subparagraphs (A) and (B). (2) Reasonable cause for failureThe conditions under paragraph (1) shall be deemed satisfied in the case of a distribution made under such paragraph—(A) if the failure to meet the requirements of subsection (a)(1)(A) or (B), and the failure to make such distribution prior to the date on which made, are due to reasonable cause; and (B) the corporation pays, within the 30–day period beginning with the day on which such distribution is made, to the Secretary, if such corporation makes such distribution after the 15th day of the 9th month after the close of the taxable year, an amount determined by multiplying (i) the amount equal to 4½ percent of such distribution, by (ii) the number of its taxable years which begin after the taxable year with respect to which such distribution is made and before such distribution is made. For purposes of this title, any payment made pursuant to this paragraph shall be treated as interest. (3) Certain distributions made within 8½ months after close of taxable year deemed for reasonable causeA distribution made on or before the 15th day of the 9th month after the close of the taxable year shall be deemed for reasonable cause for purposes of paragraph (2)(A) if—(A) at least 70 percent of the gross receipts of such corporation for such taxable year consist of qualified export receipts, and (B) the adjusted basis of the qualified export assets held by the corporation on the last day of each month of the taxable year equals or exceeds 70 percent of the sum of the adjusted basis of all assets held by the corporation on such day. (d) Ineligible corporationsThe following corporations shall not be eligible to be treated as a DISC—(1) a corporation exempt from tax by reason of section 501, (2) a personal holding company (as defined in section 542), (3) a financial institution to which section 581 applies, (4) an insurance company subject to the tax imposed by subchapter L, (5) a regulated investment company (as defined in section 851(a)), or (6) an S corporation. (e) Coordination with personal holding company provisions in case of certain produced film rentsIf—(1) a corporation (hereinafter in this subsection referred to as “subsidiary”) was established to take advantage of the provisions of this part, and (2) a second corporation (hereinafter in this subsection referred to as “parent”) throughout the taxable year owns directly at least 80 percent of the stock of the subsidiary, then, for purposes of applying subsection (d)(2) and section 541 (relating to personal holding company tax) to the subsidiary for the taxable year, there shall be taken into account under section 543(a)(5) (relating to produced film rents) any interest in a film acquired by the parent and transferred to the subsidiary as if such interest were acquired by the subsidiary at the time it was acquired by the parent.

26 U.S.C. § 993 Definitions and special rules

(a) Qualified export receipts(1) General ruleFor purposes of this part, except as provided by regulations under paragraph (2), the qualified export receipts of a corporation are—(A) gross receipts from the sale, exchange, or other disposition of export property, (B) gross receipts from the lease or rental of export property, which is used by the lessee of such property outside the United States, (C) gross receipts for services which are related and subsidiary to any qualified sale, exchange, lease, rental, or other disposition of export property by such corporation, (D) gross receipts from the sale, exchange, or other disposition of qualified export assets (other than export property), (E) dividends (or amounts includible in gross income under section 951) with respect to stock of a related foreign export corporation (as defined in subsection (e)), (F) interest on any obligation which is a qualified export asset, (G) gross receipts for engineering or architectural services for construction projects located (or proposed for location) outside the United States, and (H) gross receipts for the performance of managerial services in furtherance of the production of other qualified export receipts of a DISC. (2) Excluded receiptsThe Secretary may under regulations designate receipts from the sale, exchange, lease, rental, or other disposition of export property, and from services, as not being receipts described in paragraph (1) if he determines that such sale, exchange, lease, rental, or other disposition, or furnishing of services—(A) is for ultimate use in the United States; (B) is accomplished by a subsidy granted by the United States or any instrumentality thereof; (C) is for use by the United States or any instrumentality thereof where the use of such export property or services is required by law or regulation. For purposes of this part, the term “qualified export receipts” does not include receipts from a corporation which is a DISC for its taxable year in which the receipts arise and which is a member of a controlled group (as defined in paragraph (3)) which includes the recipient corporation. (3) Definition of controlled groupFor purposes of this part, the term “controlled group” has the meaning assigned to the term “controlled group of corporations” by section 1563(a), except that the phrase “more than 50 percent” shall be substituted for the phrase “at least 80 percent” each place it appears therein, and section 1563(b) shall not apply. (b) Qualified export assetsFor purposes of this part, the qualified export assets of a corporation are—(1) export property (as defined in subsection (c)); (2) assets used primarily in connection with the sale, lease, rental, storage, handling, transportation, packaging, assembly, or servicing of export property, or the performance of engineering or architectural services described in subparagraph (G) of subsection (a)(1) or managerial services in furtherance of the production of qualified export receipts described in subparagraphs (A), (B), (C), and (G) of subsection (a)(1); (3) accounts receivable and evidences of indebtedness which arise by reason of transactions of such corporation or of another corporation which is a DISC and which is a member of a controlled group which includes such corporation described in subparagraph (A), (B), (C), (D), (G), or (H), of subsection (a)(1); (4) money, bank deposits, and other similar temporary investments, which are reasonably necessary to meet the working capital requirements of such corporation; (5) obligations arising in connection with a producer’s loan (as defined in subsection (d)); (6) stock or securities of a related foreign export corporation (as defined in subsection (e)); (7) obligations issued, guaranteed, or insured, in whole or in part, by the Export-Import Bank of the United States or the Foreign Credit Insurance Association in those cases where such obligations are acquired from such Bank or Association or from the seller or purchaser of the goods or services with respect to which such obligations arose; (8) obligations issued by a domestic corporation organized solely for the purpose of financing sales of export property pursuant to an agreement with the Export-Import Bank of the United States under which such corporation makes export loans guaranteed by such bank; and (9) amounts (other than reasonable working capital) on deposit in the United States that are utilized during the period provided for in, and otherwise in accordance with, regulations prescribed by the Secretary to acquire other qualified export assets. (c) Export property(1) In generalFor purposes of this part, the term “export property” means property—(A) manufactured, produced, grown, or extracted in the United States by a person other than a DISC, (B) held primarily for sale, lease, or rental, in the ordinary course of trade or business, by, or to, a DISC, for direct use, consumption, or disposition outside the United States, and (C) not more than 50 percent of the fair market value of which is attributable to articles imported into the United States. In applying subparagraph (C), the fair market value of any article imported into the United States shall be its appraised value, as determined by the Secretary under section 402 of the Tariff Act of 1930 (19 U.S.C. 1401a) in connection with its importation. (2) Excluded propertyFor purposes of this part, the term “export property” does not include—(A) property leased or rented by a DISC for use by any member of a controlled group (as defined in subsection (a)(3)) which includes the DISC, (B) patents, inventions, models, designs, formulas, or processes, whether or not patented, copyrights (other than films, tapes, records, or similar reproductions, for commercial or home use), goodwill, trademarks, trade brands, franchises, or other like property, (C) products of a character with respect to which a deduction for depletion is allowable (including oil, gas, coal, or uranium products) under section 613 or 613A, (D) products the export of which is prohibited or curtailed under section 7(a) 11 See References in Text note below. of the Export Administration Act of 1979 to effectuate the policy set forth in paragraph (2)(C) of section 3 1 of such Act (relating to the protection of the domestic economy), or (E) any unprocessed timber which is a softwood. Subparagraph (C) shall not apply to any commodity or product at least 50 percent of the fair market value of which is attributable to manufacturing or processing, except that subparagraph (C) shall apply to any primary product from oil, gas, coal, or uranium. For purposes of the preceding sentence, the term “processing” does not include extracting or handling, packing, packaging, grading, storing, or transporting. For purposes of subparagraph (E), the term “unprocessed timber” means any log, cant, or similar form of timber. (3) Property in short supplyIf the President determines that the supply of any property described in paragraph (1) is insufficient to meet the requirements of the domestic economy, he may by Executive order designate the property as in short supply. Any property so designated shall be treated as property not described in paragraph (1) during the period beginning with the date specified in the Executive order and ending with the date specified in an Executive order setting forth the President’s determination that the property is no longer in short supply. (d) Producer’s loans(1) In generalAn obligation, subject to the rules provided in paragraphs (2) and (3), shall be treated as arising out of a producer’s loan if—(A) the loan, when added to the unpaid balance of all other producer’s loans made by the DISC, does not exceed the accumulated DISC income at the beginning of the month in which the loan is made; (B) the obligation is evidenced by a note (or other evidence of indebtedness) with a stated maturity date not more than 5 years from the date of the loan; (C) the loan is made to a person engaged in the United States in the manufacturing, production, growing, or extraction of export property determined without regard to subparagraph (C) or (D) of subsection (c)(2), (referred to hereinafter as the “borrower”); and (D) at the time of such loan it is designated as a producer’s loan. (2) LimitationAn obligation shall be treated as arising out of a producer’s loan only to the extent that such loan, when added to the unpaid balance of all other producer’s loans to the borrower outstanding at the time such loan is made, does not exceed an amount determined by multiplying the sum of—(A) the amount of the borrower’s adjusted basis determined at the beginning of the borrower’s taxable year in which the loan is made, in plant, machinery, and equipment, and supporting production facilities in the United States; (B) the amount of the borrower’s property held primarily for sale, lease, or rental, to customers in the ordinary course of trade or business, at the beginning of such taxable year; and (C) the aggregate amount of the borrower’s research and experimental expenditures (within the meaning of section 174) in the United States during all preceding taxable years beginning after December 31, 1971, by the percentage which the borrower’s receipts, during the 3 taxable years immediately preceding the taxable year (but not including any taxable year commencing prior to 1972) in which the loan is made, from the sale, lease, or rental outside the United States of property which would be export property (determined without regard to subparagraph (C) or (D) of subsection (c)(2)) if held by a DISC is of the gross receipts during such 3 taxable years from the sale, lease, or rental of property held by such borrower primarily for sale, lease, or rental to customers in the ordinary course of the trade or business of such borrower. (3) Increased investment requirementAn obligation shall be treated as arising out of a producer’s loan in a taxable year only to the extent that such loan, when added to the unpaid balance of all other producer’s loans to the borrower made during such taxable year, does not exceed an amount equal to—(A) the amount by which the sum of the adjusted basis of assets described in paragraph (2)(A) and (B) on the last day of the taxable year in which the loan is made exceeds the sum of the adjusted basis of such assets on the first day of such taxable year; plus (B) the aggregate amount of the borrower’s research and experimental expenditures (within the meaning of section 174) in the United States during such taxable year. (4) Special limitation in the case of domestic film maker(A) In generalIn the case of a borrower who is a domestic film maker and who incurs an obligation to a DISC for the making of a film, and such DISC is engaged in the trade or business of selling, leasing, or renting films which are export property, the limitation described in paragraph (2) may be determined (to the extent provided under regulations prescribed by the Secretary) on the basis of—(i) the sum of the amounts described in subparagraphs (A), (B), and (C) thereof plus reasonable estimates of all such amounts to be incurred at any time by the borrower with respect to films which are commenced within the taxable year in which the loan is made, and (ii) the percentage which, based on the experience of producers of similar films, the annual receipts of such producers from the sale, lease, or rental of such films outside the United States is of the annual gross receipts of such producers from the sale, lease, or rental of such films. (B) Domestic film makerFor purposes of this paragraph, a borrower is a domestic film maker with respect to a film if—(i) such borrower is a United States person within the meaning of section 7701(a)(30), except that with respect to a partnership, all of the partners must be United States persons, and with respect to a corporation, all of its officers and at least a majority of its directors must be United States persons; (ii) such borrower is engaged in the trade or business of making the film with respect to which the loan is made; (iii) the studio, if any, used or to be used for the taking of photographs and the recording of sound incorporated into such film is located in the United States; (iv) the aggregate playing time of portions of such film photographed outside the United States does not or will not exceed 20 percent of the playing time of such film; and (v) not less than 80 percent of the total amount paid or to be paid for services performed in the making of such film is paid or to be paid to persons who are United States persons at the time such services are performed or consists of amounts which are fully taxable by the United States. (C) Special rules for application of subparagraph (B)(v)For purposes of clause (v) of subparagraph (B)—(i) there shall not be taken into account any amount which is contingent upon receipts or profits of the film and which is fully taxable by the United States (within the meaning of clause (ii)); and (ii) any amount paid or to be paid to a United States person, to a non-resident alien individual, or to a corporation which furnishes the services of an officer or employee to the borrower with respect to the making of a film, shall be treated as fully taxable by the United States only if the total amount received by such person, individual, officer, or employee for services performed in the making of such film is fully included in gross income for purposes of this chapter. (e) Related foreign export corporationIn determining whether a corporation (hereinafter in this subsection referred to as “the domestic corporation”) is a DISC—(1) Foreign international sales corporationA foreign corporation is a related foreign export corporation if—(A) stock possessing more than 50 percent of the total combined voting power of all classes of stock entitled to vote is owned directly by the domestic corporation, (B) 95 percent or more of such foreign corporation’s gross receipts for its taxable year ending with or within the taxable year of the domestic corporation consists of qualified export receipts described in subparagraphs (A), (B), (C), and (D) of subsection (a)(1) and interest on any obligation described in paragraphs (3) and (4) of subsection (b), and (C) the adjusted basis of the qualified export assets (described in paragraphs (1), (2), (3), and (4) of subsection (b)) held by such foreign corporation at the close of such taxable year equals or exceeds 95 percent of the sum of the adjusted basis of all assets held by it at the close of such taxable year. (2) Real property holding companyA foreign corporation is a related foreign export corporation if—(A) stock possessing more than 50 percent of the total combined voting power of all classes of stock entitled to vote is owned directly by the domestic corporation, and (B) its exclusive function is to hold real property for the exclusive use (under a lease or otherwise) of the domestic corporation. (3) Associated foreign corporationA foreign corporation is a related foreign export corporation if—(A) less than 10 percent of the total combined voting power of all classes of stock entitled to vote of such foreign corporation is owned (within the meaning of section 1563 (d) and (e)) by the domestic corporation or by a controlled group of corporations (within the meaning of section 1563) of which the domestic corporation is a member, and (B) the ownership of stock or securities in such foreign corporation by the domestic corporation is determined (under regulations prescribed by the Secretary) to be reasonably in furtherance of a transaction or transactions giving rise to qualified export receipts of the domestic corporation. (f) Gross receiptsFor purposes of this part, the term “gross receipts” means the total receipts from the sale, lease, or rental of property held primarily for sale, lease, or rental in the ordinary course of trade or business, and gross income from all other sources. In the case of commissions on the sale, lease, or rental of property, the amount taken into account for purposes of this part as gross receipts shall be the gross receipts on the sale, lease, or rental of the property on which such commissions arose. (g) United States definedFor purposes of this part, the term “United States” includes the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico and the possessions of the United States.

26 U.S.C. § 994 Inter-company pricing rules

(a) In generalIn the case of a sale of export property to a DISC by a person described in section 482, the taxable income of such DISC and such person shall be based upon a transfer price which would allow such DISC to derive taxable income attributable to such sale (regardless of the sales price actually charged) in an amount which does not exceed the greatest of—(1) 4 percent of the qualified export receipts on the sale of such property by the DISC plus 10 percent of the export promotion expenses of such DISC attributable to such receipts, (2) 50 percent of the combined taxable income of such DISC and such person which is attributable to the qualified export receipts on such property derived as the result of a sale by the DISC plus 10 percent of the export promotion expenses of such DISC attributable to such receipts, or (3) taxable income based upon the sale price actually charged (but subject to the rules provided in section 482). (b) Rules for commissions, rentals, and marginal costingThe Secretary shall prescribe regulations setting forth—(1) rules which are consistent with the rules set forth in subsection (a) for the application of this section in the case of commissions, rentals, and other income, and (2) rules for the allocation of expenditures in computing combined taxable income under subsection (a)(2) in those cases where a DISC is seeking to establish or maintain a market for export property. (c) Export promotion expensesFor purposes of this section, the term “export promotion expenses” means those expenses incurred to advance the distribution or sale of export property for use, consumption, or distribution outside of the United States, but does not include income taxes. Such expenses shall also include freight expenses to the extent of 50 percent of the cost of shipping export property aboard airplanes owned and operated by United States persons or ships documented under the laws of the United States in those cases where law or regulations does not require that such property be shipped aboard such airplanes or ships.