USC Chapter 74

26 U.S.C. § 7121 Closing agreements

(a) AuthorizationThe Secretary is authorized to enter into an agreement in writing with any person relating to the liability of such person (or of the person or estate for whom he acts) in respect of any internal revenue tax for any taxable period. (b) FinalityIf such agreement is approved by the Secretary (within such time as may be stated in such agreement, or later agreed to) such agreement shall be final and conclusive, and, except upon a showing of fraud or malfeasance, or misrepresentation of a material fact—(1) the case shall not be reopened as to the matters agreed upon or the agreement modified by any officer, employee, or agent of the United States, and (2) in any suit, action, or proceeding, such agreement, or any determination, assessment, collection, payment, abatement, refund, or credit made in accordance therewith, shall not be annulled, modified, set aside, or disregarded.

26 U.S.C. § 7122 Compromises

(a) AuthorizationThe Secretary may compromise any civil or criminal case arising under the internal revenue laws prior to reference to the Department of Justice for prosecution or defense; and the Attorney General or his delegate may compromise any such case after reference to the Department of Justice for prosecution or defense. (b) RecordWhenever a compromise is made by the Secretary in any case, there shall be placed on file in the office of the Secretary the opinion of the General Counsel for the Department of the Treasury or his delegate, with his reasons therefor, with a statement of—(1) The amount of tax assessed, (2) The amount of interest, additional amount, addition to the tax, or assessable penalty, imposed by law on the person against whom the tax is assessed, and (3) The amount actually paid in accordance with the terms of the compromise. Notwithstanding the foregoing provisions of this subsection, no such opinion shall be required with respect to the compromise of any civil case in which the unpaid amount of tax assessed (including any interest, additional amount, addition to the tax, or assessable penalty) is less than $50,000. However, such compromise shall be subject to continuing quality review by the Secretary. (c) Rules for submission of offers-in-compromise(1) Partial payment required with submission(A) Lump-sum offers(i) In generalThe submission of any lump-sum offer-in-compromise shall be accompanied by the payment of 20 percent of the amount of such offer. (ii) Lump-sum offer-in-compromiseFor purposes of this section, the term “lump-sum offer-in-compromise” means any offer of payments made in 5 or fewer installments. (B) Periodic payment offers(i) In generalThe submission of any periodic payment offer-in-compromise shall be accompanied by the payment of the amount of the first proposed installment. (ii) Failure to make installment during pendency of offerAny failure to make an installment (other than the first installment) due under such offer-in-compromise during the period such offer is being evaluated by the Secretary may be treated by the Secretary as a withdrawal of such offer-in-compromise. (2) Rules of application(A) Use of paymentThe application of any payment made under this subsection to the assessed tax or other amounts imposed under this title with respect to such tax may be specified by the taxpayer. (B) Application of user feeIn the case of any assessed tax or other amounts imposed under this title with respect to such tax which is the subject of an offer-in-compromise to which this subsection applies, such tax or other amounts shall be reduced by any user fee imposed under this title with respect to such offer-in-compromise. (C) Waiver authorityThe Secretary may issue regulations waiving any payment required under paragraph (1) in a manner consistent with the practices established in accordance with the requirements under subsection (d)(3). (3) Exception for low-income taxpayersParagraph (1), and any user fee otherwise required in connection with the submission of an offer-in-compromise, shall not apply to any offer-in-compromise with respect to a taxpayer who is an individual with adjusted gross income, as determined for the most recent taxable year for which such information is available, which does not exceed 250 percent of the applicable poverty level (as determined by the Secretary). (d) Standards for evaluation of offers(1) In generalThe Secretary shall prescribe guidelines for officers and employees of the Internal Revenue Service to determine whether an offer-in-compromise is adequate and should be accepted to resolve a dispute. (2) Allowances for basic living expenses(A) In generalIn prescribing guidelines under paragraph (1), the Secretary shall develop and publish schedules of national and local allowances designed to provide that taxpayers entering into a compromise have an adequate means to provide for basic living expenses. (B) Use of schedulesThe guidelines shall provide that officers and employees of the Internal Revenue Service shall determine, on the basis of the facts and circumstances of each taxpayer, whether the use of the schedules published under subparagraph (A) is appropriate and shall not use the schedules to the extent such use would result in the taxpayer not having adequate means to provide for basic living expenses. (3) Special rules relating to treatment of offersThe guidelines under paragraph (1) shall provide that—(A) an officer or employee of the Internal Revenue Service shall not reject an offer-in-compromise from a low-income taxpayer solely on the basis of the amount of the offer, (B) in the case of an offer-in-compromise which relates only to issues of liability of the taxpayer—(i) such offer shall not be rejected solely because the Secretary is unable to locate the taxpayer’s return or return information for verification of such liability; and (ii) the taxpayer shall not be required to provide a financial statement, and (C) any offer-in-compromise which does not meet the requirements of subparagraph (A)(i) or (B)(i), as the case may be, of subsection (c)(1) may be returned to the taxpayer as unprocessable. (e) Administrative reviewThe Secretary shall establish procedures—(1) for an independent administrative review of any rejection of a proposed offer-in-compromise or installment agreement made by a taxpayer under this section or section 6159 before such rejection is communicated to the taxpayer; and (2) which allow a taxpayer to appeal any rejection of such offer or agreement to the Internal Revenue Service Independent Office of Appeals. (f) Deemed acceptance of offer not rejected within certain periodAny offer-in-compromise submitted under this section shall be deemed to be accepted by the Secretary if such offer is not rejected by the Secretary before the date which is 24 months after the date of the submission of such offer. For purposes of the preceding sentence, any period during which any tax liability which is the subject of such offer-in-compromise is in dispute in any judicial proceeding shall not be taken into account in determining the expiration of the 24-month period. (g) Frivolous submissions, etc.Notwithstanding any other provision of this section, if the Secretary determines that any portion of an application for an offer-in-compromise or installment agreement submitted under this section or section 6159 meets the requirement of clause (i) or (ii) of section 6702(b)(2)(A), then the Secretary may treat such portion as if it were never submitted and such portion shall not be subject to any further administrative or judicial review.

26 U.S.C. § 7123 Appeals dispute resolution procedures

(a) Early referral to appeals proceduresThe Secretary shall prescribe procedures by which any taxpayer may request early referral of 1 or more unresolved issues from the examination or collection division to the Internal Revenue Service Independent Office of Appeals. (b) Alternative dispute resolution procedures(1) MediationThe Secretary shall prescribe procedures under which a taxpayer or the Internal Revenue Service Independent Office of Appeals may request non-binding mediation on any issue unresolved at the conclusion of—(A) appeals procedures; or (B) unsuccessful attempts to enter into a closing agreement under section 7121 or a compromise under section 7122. (2) ArbitrationThe Secretary shall establish a pilot program under which a taxpayer and the Internal Revenue Service Independent Office of Appeals may jointly request binding arbitration on any issue unresolved at the conclusion of—(A) appeals procedures; or (B) unsuccessful attempts to enter into a closing agreement under section 7121 or a compromise under section 7122. (c) Administrative appeal relating to adverse determination of tax-exempt status of certain organizations(1) In generalThe Secretary shall prescribe procedures under which an organization which claims to be described in section 501(c) may request an administrative appeal (including a conference relating to such appeal if requested by the organization) to the Internal Revenue Service Independent Office of Appeals of an adverse determination described in paragraph (2). (2) Adverse determinationsFor purposes of paragraph (1), an adverse determination is described in this paragraph if such determination is adverse to an organization with respect to—(A) the initial qualification or continuing qualification of the organization as exempt from tax under section 501(a) or as an organization described in section 170(c)(2), (B) the initial classification or continuing classification of the organization as a private foundation under section 509(a), or (C) the initial classification or continuing classification of the organization as a private operating foundation under section 4942(j)(3).

26 U.S.C. § 7124 Cross references

For criminal penalties for concealment of property, false statement, or falsifying and destroying records, in connection with any closing agreement, compromise, or offer of compromise, see section 7206.