Sec. 9.34. - Unlawful Emission of Air Pollution Contaminants.
(1) Emission of Particulate Matter. It shall be unlawful to cause or to allow the emission of particular matter in excess of the maximum allowable emission rate listed below:
PARTICULATE MATTER EMISSION SCHEDULE
Source | Capacity Rating in Pounds Steam Per Hr. | Maximum Allowable Emission at Operating Conditions (a) (lbs. particulate per 1000 lbs. gas)
A. Fuel Burning Equipment:
1. Pulverized coal (includes cyclone furnaces) | 0—1,000,000 Over 1,000,000 | See Table 2 for maximum emission limit Apply to Commission for specific emission limit
2. Other modes of firing coal (other than pulverized) | 0—100,000 100,001—300,000 Over 300,000 | 0.65 0.65—0.45 (b) Apply to Commission for specific emission limit
3. Wood (sawdust, shavings, hogged, other) where heat input of wood fuel 75% of total heat input | 0.50
All other combination fuel burning equipment which uses wood as one of the fuels | Apply to Commission for specific emission limit
Source | Rating in lbs. waste per hour | Maximum Allowable Emission at Operating Conditions (a) (lbs. particulate per 1000 lbs. gas)
B. Incinerators:
1. Residential apartments, commercial and industrial (c), (d) | 0—100 Over 100 | 0.65 0.30
2. Municipal | All | 0.30
3. Pathological (d) | 0.20
4. Manure drying or incineration | 0.20
C. Steel Manufacturing:
1. Open hearth furnaces | 0.10
2. Basic oxygen furnaces | 0.10
3. Electric furnaces | 0.10
4. Sintering plants | 0.20
5. Blast furnaces | 0.15
6. Heating and reheating furnaces | 0.30
Source | Total Plant Melt Rate in Tons/Hr. | Maximum Allowable Emission at Operating Conditions (a) (lbs. particulate per 1000 lbs. gas)
D. Ferrous Cupola Operations:
1. Production cupolas | 0—10 10—20 Over 20 | 0.40 0.25 0.15
2. Jobbing cupolas | 0.40
3. Electric arc melting | 0.10
4. Sand handling | 0.10
E. Chemical and Mineral Kilns | 0.20
F. Asphalt Paving Plants | 0.30
G. Cement Manufacture
(up to 15,000 barrels per day kiln capacity):
1. Kiln-wet or dry process | 0.25
2. Clinker coolers | 0.30
3. Grinding, crushing and other material handling | 0.15
Note: A maximum allowable emission listing shall be applied for to the Commission for all kiln installations which will result in a total plant kiln capacity in excess of 15,000 barrels of cement per day.
Source | Gas Flow Rate (SCFM) | Maximum Allowable Emission at Operating Conditions (a) (lbs. particulate per 1000 lbs. gas)
H. Iron Ore Pelletizing:
1. Grate kilns and traveling grates | Greater than 600,000 | Apply to Commission for specific Commission limit
300,001—600,000 100,000—300,000 less than 100,000 | 0.10 0.25 0.20
Notes:
(a) Fuel burning and refuse incineration limitation shall be calculated to fifty (50) percent excess air.
(b) Emission limitations for specific ratings are determined by linear interpolation between the ranges shown.
(c) These emission limitations do not apply to domestic incinerators (defined as having not over five (5) cubic feet of storage capacity).
(d) Afterburner or approved equivalent is mandatory.
(e) Differentiation between jobbing and production foundries. Cupolas used in a jobbing foundry are the same as those used in a production foundry and will vary in size only according to the quantity of iron melted per hour. However, the cupolas in a jobbing foundry will be run intermittently just long enough at one time to pour the molds that are ready on the foundry floor, job. This might be for a two- to four-hour period per day for any number of days per week. Production foundry cupolas will melt continuously to pour a succession of molds that are constantly being prepared to reserve this continuous flow of iron. This would become eight (8) hours, sixteen (16) hours, or twenty-four (24) hours per day for any number of days per week.
2. The maximum allowable emission rate listed by the Michigan Air Pollution Control Commission on its own initiative or by application. A new listed value shall be based upon the control results achievable with the application of the best technically feasible, practical equipment available. This applies only to sources not assigned to a specific emission limit in item 1.
3. The maximum allowable emission rate specified as a condition of a State permit to install or a State permit to operate.
4. The maximum allowable emission rate specified in a voluntary agreement, performance contract, stipulation, and/or an order of the Michigan Air Pollution Control Commission.
5. The maximum allowable emission rate based upon process weight rate shall be as follows:
Table 2
Allowable Rate of Emission Based on Process Weight Rate(a)
;mb=10q;Process Weight Rate | ;mb=10q;Process Weight Rate
lb./hr. | tons/hr. | Rate of emission lb./hr. | lb./hr. | tons/hr. | Rate of emission lb./hr.
100 | 0.05 | 0.55 | 16,000 | 8.00 | 16.5
200 | 0.10 | 0.88 | 18,000 | 9.00 | 17.9
400 | 0.20 | 1.40 | 20,000 | 10.00 | 19.2
600 | 0.30 | 1.83 | 30,000 | 15.00 | 25.2
800 | 0.40 | 2.22 | 40,000 | 20.00 | 30.5
1,000 | 0.50 | 2.58 | 50,000 | 25.00 | 35.4
1,500 | 0.75 | 3.38 | 60,000 | 30.00 | 40.0
2,000 | 1.00 | 4.10 | 70,000 | 35.00 | 41.3
2,500 | 1.25 | 4.76 | 80,000 | 40.00 | 42.5
3,000 | 1.50 | 5.38 | 90,000 | 45.00 | 43.6
3,500 | 1.75 | 5.95 | 100,000 | 50.00 | 44.6
4,000 | 2.00 | 6.52 | 120,000 | 60.00 | 46.3
5,000 | 2.50 | 7.58 | 140,000 | 70.00 | 47.8
6,000 | 3.00 | 8.56 | 160,000 | 80.00 | 49.0
7,000 | 3.50 | 9.49 | 200,000 | 100.00 | 51.2
8,000 | 4.00 | 10.4 | 1,000,000 | 500.00 | 69.0
9,000 | 4.50 | 11.2 | 2,000,000 | 1,000.00 | 77.6
10,000 | 5.00 | 12.0 | 6,000,000 | 3,000.00 | 92.7
12,000 | 6.00 | 13.6
(a)
Interpolation of the data in this table for process weight rates up to 60,000 lb./hr. shall be accomplished by use of the equation E = 4. 10P 0.67 and interpolation and extrapolation of the data for process weight rates in excess of 60,000 lb./hr. shall be accomplished by use of the equation E = 55.0 P 0.11 -40, where E = rate of emission in lb./hr. and P = process weight in tons/hr.
Process weight—The total amount of all material introduced into an industrial operation, including solid fuels, but excluding liquid fuels and gaseous fuels when these are used as fuels and air introduced for purposes of combustion.
Process weight rate—For continuous or long-term operation: The total process weight for the entire period of operation or for a typical portion thereof, divided by the number of hours of such period or portion thereof. For batch operations: The total process weight for a period which covers a complete operation or an integral number of cycles, divided by the hours of actual process operation during such period.
(2) Standards for Density of Emission. Emission of a visible air contaminant having a density darker than No. 1.0 of the Ringleman Chart or having more than a twenty (20) percent opacity shall be prohibited except where the presence of uncombined water vapor is the only reason for failure of air emissions to meet the requirements of this Article.
A visible air contaminant of a density not darker than No. 2 of the Ringleman Chart or not more than forty (40) percent opacity may be emitted for not more than three (3) minutes in any sixty-minute period, but this emission shall not be permitted on more than three (3) occasions during any twenty-four-hour period.
(3) Measuring Density. The density of an air contaminant shall be measured at the point of emission or the nearest observable point on the plume.
(4) Grading Visible Emissions.
(a) Darkness of a visible emission of an air contaminant shall be graded by using the Ringleman Chart or by means of a device or technique which results in a measurement of equal or better accuracy.
(b) Opacity of a visible emission of an air contaminant shall be graded by observers trained and certified by the State of Michigan Air Quality Control Division, Department of Natural Resources, using a device or technique approved by and on file with the Michigan Air Pollution Control Commission.
(5) Diluting and Concealing of Emissions. The concealing and/or diluting of air contaminants which, prior to diluting or concealing, do not comply with the standards herein expressed, shall be prohibited. This shall not apply to the control of odors.
(6) Air Contaminant or Water Vapor, When Prohibited. No person shall cause or permit the emission of an air contaminant or water vapor including an air contaminant whose emission is not otherwise prohibited by this Article, or an air contaminant or water vapor which reacts or may react with any other air contaminant or natural air, and which causes or will cause detriment to the safety, health, welfare or comfort of any person, or which causes or will cause damage to property or business.
(7) Open Burning. Open burning shall be prohibited, except as provided herein and in Section 9.35 of this Article.
(a) The following exemptions shall be allowed provided they do not violate any other Sections of this Chapter.
(i) The burning of wood, charcoal, coke or other accepted fuels for the preparing of food in an approved container or utensil while being used in a safe and sanitary manner.
(ii) The use of approved gaseous or liquid fired salamanders commonly employed in conjunction with building and construction operations when being used in accordance with accepted safety standards.
(iii) Roofers, tinners, plumbers, or others pursuing a business requiring the use of fire or for the purpose of boiling tar, pitch or oil used in the regular course of an appropriate business or trade, and while being used in a safe and sanitary manner.
(iv) Open burning for Fire Department and/or Civil Defense purposes shall be permitted only under the following conditions:
a. The area is adequately protected by Fire Department personnel.
b. The fire will be of short duration.
c. The ambient air, at time of burning is relatively free of pollutants.
d. The Fire Department Chief submits to the Manager written authorization for such burning.
(v) Prescribed burning shall be permitted only under the following conditions:
a. The State of Michigan department with responsibility for environmental protection determines that the prescribed burn would not violate state statute or state administrative rule or regulation, and provides a statement in writing that such burning, as proposed, would not violate state statute or state administrative rule or regulation.
b. A certified prescribed burn manager provides the Grand Rapids Fire Department, administrative office, a copy of the prescription for Fire Department approval no later than 30 days in advance of the earliest planned burn date contained in the prescription.
c. The Grand Rapids Fire Chief or his or her designee approves the parameters for the date of the burn and the time period during the day that the burn will occur giving consideration to other planned events within the City during the period in question, as well as Fire Department resources available to provide fire suppression and complaint response services.
d. A prescription shall be on-site at the location of the burn and available for inspection by a representative of the Manager or of the Fire Department.
e. A certified prescribed burn manager is present on the site of the prescribed burn with a copy of the prescription, from ignition of the prescribed burn until a minimum of 30 minutes after the burn is extinguished, to watch for re-kindles.
f. The Air Quality Index is described to be "Good" to "Moderate" immediately prior to the prescribed burning.
g. The Michigan Department of Environmental Quality has not issued an Ozone Action Day advisory.
h. A certified prescribed burn manager shall notify the Grand Rapids Fire Department, Central Dispatch, as follows:
(1) One hour prior to the proposed start of the prescribed burn;
(2) At the start of the prescribed burn;
(3) When crews have left the burn site; and
(4) If the burn is cancelled.
i. Mandatory prescription requirements shall include all of the following:
(1) A copy of the written statement from the State of Michigan described in paragraph (7)(a)(v)a. above.
(2) The stand or site description, to include the landowner's name and mailing address and the legal description of the treatment area.
(3) The acreage to be treated.
(4) A map of the area to be burned indicating special concerns located within 1 mile of the treatment area. Special concerns include, but are not limited to, all of the following:
(i) Adjacent landowners;
(ii) Power lines;
(iii) Utilities;
(iv) Roads;
(v) Residences;
(vi) Schools;
(vii) Hospitals;
(viii) Nursing homes; and
(ix) Public facilities, in general.
(5) The personnel and equipment to be used to conduct the burn.
(6) The land management objectives of the burn.
(7) The type of vegetation or fuel model CFFDRS to be burned and the amount of fuel to be consumed in either tons/acre or percent of the available fuel load.
(8) A listing of all the alternatives to prescribed burning considered by the landowner, including a description of the reasons why prescribed burning was chosen, rather than the alternatives, as a method of meeting the planned fire or land management objectives.
(9) The operational plan of the burn procedure, including, but not limited to, the following:
(i) Fire breaks to be used to confine the burn to the prescribed area;
(ii) Ignition plan, smoke management plan, and fire containment strategy;
(iii) Provisions for the safety of the individuals conducting the burn;
(iv) Provisions for the protection of power lines, pipelines, and other utilities within the burn area;
(v) A contingency plan to control and suppress burns occurring outside the prescribed area and if the burn does not progress as expected. The contingency plan shall include necessary supporting resources and emergency contact information;
(vi) Weather parameters, including but not limited to surface wind speed, direction, relative humidity, temperature, and fine fuel moisture thresholds;
(vii) Expected fire behavior factors, including burn technique, flame length, and rate of spread; and
(viii) The criteria the certified prescribed burn manager will use for making go/no-go burn decisions.
(10) Time and date prescription was prepared.
(11) Time parameters for the burn, including the parameters for the date of the burn and the time period during the day that the burn will occur.
(12) Evaluation of the anticipated smoke impacts and a plan to mitigate these impacts.
(13) Signature and certification number of the certified prescribed burn manager.
(14) Signature of the landowner(s) for whom the burn is to be conducted, or a designee.
(15) Identify all individuals and organizations to be notified or the prescribed burn and the notification plan.
j. Fire suppression and complaint response costs incurred by the City shall be the responsibility of the certified prescribed burn manager.
k. The landowner or prescribed burn manager shall provide the City with the types and amounts of insurance required, and approved, by the City, upon recommendation of its Insurance Agent of Record, naming the City and its officers, employees, and agents as Additional Insured.
(b) Smoking, smoldering incinerators or any burning of garbage or refuse that smolders or gives off nauseous odors is prohibited.
(8) Fugitive Dust. It shall be prohibited to handle and/or transport any material and/or substance in such a manner which causes said material and/or substance to be discharged into the ambient air.
(9) Outdoor Fuel Burning Equipment, as defined in Sec. 9.32 of this Chapter, shall be prohibited.
(Ord. No. 67-51, 10-17-67; Ord. No. 78-16, 3-14-78; Ord. No. 78-86, 12-5-78; Ord. No. 2007-08, § 2, 1-23-07; Ord. No. 2009-02, §§ 4, 5, 1-27-09; Ord. No. 2016-57, § 3, 8-23-16; Ord. No. 2019-12, § 1, 4-9-19)
