55-9-203. Attachment and enforceability of security interest; proceeds; supporting obligations; formal requisites
(a) A security interest attaches to collateral when it becomes enforceable against the debtor with respect to the collateral, unless an agreement expressly postpones the time of attachment.
(b) Except as otherwise provided in Subsections (c) through (i) of this section, a security interest is enforceable against the debtor and third parties with respect to the collateral only if:
(1) value has been given;
(2) the debtor has rights in the collateral or the power to transfer rights in the collateral to a secured party; and
(3) one of the following conditions is met:
(A) the debtor has signed a security agreement that provides a description of the collateral and, if the security interest covers timber to be cut, a description of the land concerned;
(B) the collateral is not a certificated security and is in the possession of the secured party under Section 55-9-313 NMSA 1978 pursuant to the debtor's security agreement;
(C) the collateral is a certificated security in registered form and the security certificate has been delivered to the secured party under Section 55-8-301 NMSA 1978 pursuant to the debtor's security agreement;
(D) the collateral is controllable accounts, controllable electronic records, controllable payment intangibles, deposit accounts, electronic documents, electronic money, investment property or letter-of-credit rights, and the secured party has control under Section 55-7-106, 55-9-104, 55-9-105A, 55-9-106, 55-9-107 or 55-9-107A NMSA 1978 pursuant to the debtor's security agreement; or
(E) the collateral is chattel paper and the secured party has possession and control under Section 55-9-314A NMSA 1978 pursuant to the debtor's security agreement.
(c) Subsection (b) of this section is subject to Section 55-4-210 NMSA 1978 on the security interest of a collecting bank, Section 55-5-118 NMSA 1978 on the security interest of a letter-of-credit issuer or nominated person, Section 55-9-110 NMSA 1978 on a security interest arising under Chapter 55, Article 2 or 2A NMSA 1978 and Section 55-9-206 NMSA 1978 on security interests in investment property.
(d) A person becomes bound as debtor by a security agreement entered into by another person if, by operation of law other than Chapter 55, Article 9 NMSA 1978 or by contract:
(1) the security agreement becomes effective to create a security interest in the person's property; or
(2) the person becomes generally obligated for the obligations of the other person, including the obligation secured under the security agreement, and acquires or succeeds to all or substantially all of the assets of the other person.
(e) If a new debtor becomes bound as debtor by a security agreement entered into by another person:
(1) the agreement satisfies Paragraph (3) of Subsection (b) of this section with respect to existing or after-acquired property of the new debtor to the extent the property is described in the agreement; and
(2) another agreement is not necessary to make a security interest in the property enforceable.
(f) The attachment of a security interest in collateral gives the secured party the rights to proceeds provided by Section 55-9-315 NMSA 1978 and is also attachment of a security interest in a supporting obligation for the collateral.
(g) The attachment of a security interest in a right to payment or performance secured by a security interest or other lien on personal or real property is also attachment of a security interest in the security interest, mortgage or other lien.
(h) The attachment of a security interest in a securities account is also attachment of a security interest in the security entitlements carried in the securities account.
(i) The attachment of a security interest in a commodity account is also attachment of a security interest in the commodity contracts carried in the commodity account.
1978 Comp., § 55-9-203, enacted by Laws 2001, ch. 139, § 13; 2005, ch. 144, § 95; 2023, ch. 142, § 50.
