Municipalities: General Provisions

Conn. Gen. Stat. tit. 7, ch. 97

in effect

Conn. Gen. Stat. § 7-101 Town seal.

7-101. Town seal. Each town shall provide itself with a seal with the name of the town and the state and the word “seal” inscribed thereon and may place thereon any such other suitable inscription or design as it determines. If any town changes any design or inscription upon its seal, a certificate describing such change shall be made and filed by the town clerk of such town with the Secretary of the State. The town clerk shall have the custody of such seal. (1949 Rev., S. 622.)

Conn. Gen. Stat. § 7-101a Protection of municipal officers and municipal employees from damage suits. Reimbursement of defense expenses. Liability insurance. Time limit for filing notice and commencement of action.

7-101a. Protection of municipal officers and municipal employees from damage suits. Reimbursement of defense expenses. Liability insurance. Time limit for filing notice and commencement of action. (a) Each municipality shall protect and save harmless any municipal officer, whether elected or appointed, of any board, committee, council, agency or commission, including any member of a local emergency planning committee appointed from such municipality pursuant to section 22a-601, or any municipal employee, of such municipality from financial loss and expense, including legal fees and costs, if any, arising out of any claim, demand, suit or judgment by reason of alleged negligence, or for alleged infringement of any person's civil rights, on the part of such officer or such employee while acting in the discharge of his duties. (b) In addition to the protection provided under subsection (a) of this section, each municipality shall protect and save harmless any such municipal officer or municipal employee from financial loss and expense, including legal fees and costs, if any, arising out of any claim, demand or suit instituted against such officer or employee by reason of alleged malicious, wanton or wilful act or ultra vires act, on the part of such officer or employee while acting in the discharge of his duties. In the event such officer or employee has a judgment entered against him for a malicious, wanton or wilful act in a court of law, such municipality shall be reimbursed by such officer or employee for expenses it incurred in providing such defense and shall not be held liable to such officer and employee for any financial loss or expense resulting from such act. (c) Each such municipality may insure against the liability imposed by this section in any insurance company organized in this state or in any insurance company of another state authorized to write such insurance in this state or may elect to act as self-insurer of such liability. (d) No action shall be maintained under this section against such municipality or employee unless such action is commenced within two years after the cause of action therefor arose nor unless written notice of the intention to commence such action and of the time when and the place where the damages were incurred or sustained has been filed with the clerk of such municipality within six months after such cause of action has accrued. (e) For the purposes of this section “municipality” means any town, city, borough, consolidated town and city, consolidated town and borough, district, district department of health, or authority established by the general statutes, a special act or local law, ordinance or charter or any public agency. (1971, P.A. 726; P.A. 75-408, S. 1; P.A. 77-399; P.A. 80-403, S. 9, 10; P.A. 89-212, S. 11; 89-378.) History: P.A. 75-408 included both elected and appointed members and included members of councils as well as of board, committees and commissions in indemnification and added claims arising from infringement of civil rights; P.A. 77-399 substituted “municipal officer” for “member” and included officers of agencies and full-time municipal employees, inserted new provisions re protection against alleged malicious, wanton, wilful etc. acts as Subsec. (b), making previous provisions Subsecs. (a) and (c); P.A. 80-403 added Subsec. (d) re limits on notice and commencement of action; P.A. 89-212 amended Subsec. (a) to include members of local emergency planning committees in indemnification; P.A. 89-378 substituted “municipality” for “town, city, borough, consolidated town and city and consolidated town and borough”, added Subsec. (e) defining municipality, extended the protection to part-time employees, and provided for reimbursement to a municipality if a judgment is entered against an officer or employee for a malicious, wanton or wilful act.

Conn. Gen. Stat. § 7-101b Internet web sites.

7-101b. Internet web sites. Notwithstanding the provisions of any municipal charter, special act or home rule ordinance, not later than July 1, 2027, each municipality shall (1) register a “.gov” Internet top-level domain for such municipality with the Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency within the United States Department of Homeland Security, and (2) redirect any existing Internet web site addresses maintained by such municipality to such domain or discontinue the use of such addresses. On and after July 1, 2027, each municipality shall maintain an Internet web site with a “.gov” Internet top-level domain. For the purposes of this section, “municipality” has the same meaning as provided in section 7-479a. (P.A. 25-44, S. 4.) History: P.A. 25-44 effective June 10, 2025.

Conn. Gen. Stat. § 7-102 Signposts.

7-102. Signposts. One or more signposts may be erected and maintained in each town, at such place or places as the selectmen shall designate. (1949 Rev., S. 626; 1957, P.A. 13, S. 10; P.A. 82-327, S. 4.) History: P.A. 82-327 made signpost requirement permissive rather than mandatory and deleted provisions re erection of additional signposts and changes in signposts' locations.

Conn. Gen. Stat. § 7-103 Resignation of municipal officers.

7-103. Resignation of municipal officers. Unless otherwise provided by law, any elected or appointed town, city or borough officer, except the town, city or borough clerk, desiring to resign from his office shall submit his resignation in writing to the town, city or borough clerk, as the case may be; and any such clerk desiring to resign from his office shall submit his resignation in writing to the board of selectmen, the chief executive officer of the city or the chief executive officer of the borough, as the case may be. Any such resignation shall become effective upon the date specified therein or, if no date is so specified, upon the date of its submission. (1955, S. 255d.)

Conn. Gen. Stat. § 7-105 Oath of assessors, board of assessment appeals and tax collectors.

7-105. Oath of assessors, board of assessment appeals and tax collectors. Each person appointed an assessor or elected or appointed a member of the board of assessment appeals or a collector of town taxes in any town shall be sworn before entering upon the duties of the office to which he has been elected or appointed. (1949 Rev., S. 525; 1953, S. 253d; P.A. 95-283, S. 23, 68; P.A. 10-84, S. 2.) History: P.A. 95-283 replaced board of tax review with board of assessment appeals, effective July 6, 1995; P.A. 10-84 deleted reference to election of assessor and made a technical change.

Conn. Gen. Stat. § 7-105a Office of grand juror abolished.

7-105a. Office of grand juror abolished. The office of grand juror is abolished. This section shall supersede any provision of any special act to the contrary. (1961, P.A. 15, S. 1; 517, S. 134.)

Conn. Gen. Stat. § 7-107 Vacancy appointments by selectmen.

7-107. Vacancy appointments by selectmen. Except as otherwise provided by law, if any vacancy occurs on any town board or commission, and such board or commission has power by law to fill such vacancy but fails to do so within thirty days after it occurs, the board of selectmen or chief executive authority of such town may appoint a qualified person to fill such vacancy until the next municipal election. (1953, S. 258d.)

Conn. Gen. Stat. § 7-108 City or borough liable for damage done by mobs.

7-108. City or borough liable for damage done by mobs. Each city and borough shall be liable for all injuries to person or property, including injuries causing death, when such injuries are caused by an act of violence of any person or persons while a member of, or acting in concert with, any mob, riotous assembly or assembly of persons engaged in disturbing the public peace, if such city or borough, or the police or other proper authorities thereof, have not exercised reasonable care or diligence in the prevention or suppression of such mob, riotous assembly or assembly engaged in disturbing the public peace. Any person claiming damages under this section from any city or borough shall give written notice to the clerk of the city or borough of such claim and of the injury upon which such claim is based, containing a general description of such injury and of the time, place and cause of its occurrence, within thirty days after the occurrence of such injury; and an administrator or executor seeking to recover damages for the death of a decedent whom such administrator or executor represents shall give such written notice within thirty days after his or her appointment; provided such notice shall be given not later than four months after the date of the injury so causing the death of the decedent whom such administrator or executor represents. The expense for which such city or borough is made liable to the state under the provisions of this section shall, if more than one municipal corporation is jointly responsible for the expense aforesaid, be assessed by the Secretary of the Office of Policy and Management, the Attorney General and the Comptroller, acting as a board of assessors. Such board of assessors may apportion such expense among the different municipal corporations so jointly responsible in such manner as to it seems just. An appeal from the action of such board of assessors may be taken to the superior court for the judicial district in which the appellant city or borough is situated, and, if the cities or boroughs concerned are located in different judicial districts, then such appeal may be taken to the superior court for that judicial district in which the city or borough concerned having the largest population according to the last-preceding census is located. The amount of such assessment against any city or borough for which it is liable to the state under the provisions of this section shall be certified to the clerk of such city or borough by the Comptroller as soon as such assessment is made, and the appeal from such assessment provided herein shall be taken by such city or borough within thirty days from the receipt by it of such certificate of assessment by the Comptroller. (1949 Rev., S. 698; P.A. 76-436, S. 254, 681; P.A. 77-614, S. 139, 610; P.A. 78-280, S. 1, 3, 127; P.A. 80-483, S. 176, 186; P.A. 00-99, S. 23, 154; P.A. 01-195, S. 12, 181.) History: P.A. 76-436 included references to judicial districts and substituted superior court for court of common pleas, effective July 1, 1978; P.A. 77-614 substituted commissioner of revenue services for tax commissioner, effective January 1, 1979; P.A. 78-280 deleted references to counties; P.A. 80-483 substituted secretary of the office of policy and management for commissioner of revenue services; P.A. 00-99 deleted provision re liability of city and borough for compensation of sheriff or deputy for suppressing mob or riotous assembly and preserving public peace, effective December 1, 2000; P.A. 01-195 made technical changes for purposes of gender neutrality, effective July 11, 2001.

Conn. Gen. Stat. § 7-109 Destruction of documents.

7-109. Destruction of documents. Any official, board or commissioner of a municipality may, with the approval of the chief administrative officer of such municipality and of the Public Records Administrator, destroy any document in his or its custody relating to any matter which has been disposed of and of which no record is required by law to be kept, after such document has been held for the period of time specified in a retention schedule adopted by the Public Records Administrator. The tax collector may, with like approval, destroy any duplicate record receipt book, duplicate tax receipts or rate bills, at a time specified by the Public Records Administrator. The tax collector may, with like approval, destroy any old age assistance or personal tax records. The town clerk may, with like approval, destroy any liquor permit, any corporation annual report, any registration list of motor vehicles, any voting check list, any tax list or abstract, any tax lien, release of tax lien, attachment or any original document lodged with him for record, of which the proper owner or owners are not known to him, and which has remained in his office uncalled for, at a time specified by the Public Records Administrator. In lieu of destroying any document, under any provision of this section, any official, board or commissioner of a municipality may, with like approval, deposit the same in the custody of any society incorporated or organized under the laws of this state exclusively for historical or educational purposes; provided all documents so deposited shall be maintained and made available by such society for the use of the public. No original document dated prior to the year 1900 shall be destroyed under the provisions of this section without the express written approval of the Public Records Administrator. (1949 Rev., S. 695; 1953, S. 269d; 1957, P.A. 332; 1959, P.A. 144; 1963, P.A. 7; 1967, P.A. 470; P.A. 73-448; P.A. 80-338, S. 6; P.A. 13-276, S. 1.) History: 1959 act added provision for destruction of release of tax lien and copy of writ and added provision regulating destruction of documents which are recorded in town's land records; 1963 act allowed destruction of any tax list after 15 years, former law only permitting destruction of lists dated prior to 1913; 1967 act removed prohibition against clerk or tax collector destroying records of matters not required by law to be kept, allowed such destruction according to schedule published by examiner of public records rather than after 6 years, allowed destruction of duplicate rate bills, personal tax records, abstracts and uncalled for or unclaimed original documents, deleted provisions for destruction of land documents, added provisions re disposition of documents for historical and educational purposes and forbade destruction of original documents dating before 1850; P.A. 73-448 replaced examiner of public records with administrator of public records, deleted specific time periods after which destruction of various records allowed, leaving their destruction subject to times set by public records administrator; P.A. 80-338 replaced “administrative head” with “chief administrative officer” and “state librarian” with “public records administrator” and replaced “1850” with “1900” in prohibition against destruction of old documents; P.A. 13-276 removed exemption for retention of duplicate tax receipts as permanent records for receipts destroyed under section.

Conn. Gen. Stat. § 7-110 Official publications of towns, cities and boroughs to be filed in State Library. Intangible publications.

7-110. Official publications of towns, cities and boroughs to be filed in State Library. Intangible publications. (a) Official publications of the towns, cities and boroughs of the state shall be kept in the State Library for reference. The clerk of each such town, city or borough shall send to the State Library two copies of each such tangible publication as soon as the publications are published, and copies of such previous issues of such publications as can be spared by such municipality if the publications are needed by the State Library. (b) The clerk of each town, city or borough shall, upon publication, supply the State Library with, or notify the State Library of the existence, availability, and location of, any intangible publications of the town, city or borough. (1949 Rev., S. 694; P.A. 07-227, S. 17.) History: P.A. 07-227 made technical changes, limited existing provisions to tangible publications, designated such provisions as Subsec. (a) and added Subsec. (b) re intangible publications, effective July 1, 2007.

Conn. Gen. Stat. § 7-112 Rate of wages and citizens' preference in work on public buildings.

7-112. Rate of wages and citizens' preference in work on public buildings. The provisions of sections 31-52, 31-53 and 31-54 shall apply to the construction, remodeling or repair of any public building by any political subdivision of this state or any of its agents. (1955, S. 270d.)

Conn. Gen. Stat. § 7-113 Marking of bounds of towns, cities and boroughs.

7-113. Marking of bounds of towns, cities and boroughs. Each town, city and borough shall procure its bounds to be set out by plain and durable marks and monuments, which shall be either an iron pipe or rod, projecting at least six inches above the surface of local permanent rocks, or by stone pillars, set at least three feet in and one foot above the ground, at each angle, and once in each eighty rods in the lines running from angle to angle. Such rocks or monuments shall be plainly marked with the initials of the names of the towns adjoining. (1949 Rev., S. 627.)

Conn. Gen. Stat. § 7-115 Establishment of disputed boundaries.

7-115. Establishment of disputed boundaries. When the selectmen of adjoining towns, or of a town and the warden and burgesses of a borough or the mayor and clerk of a city therein or adjoining, do not agree as to the place of the division line between their respective communities, the Superior Court, upon application of either, shall appoint a committee of three to fix such disputed line and establish it by suitable monuments and report their doings to said court. When such report has been accepted by said court and, together with the record of acceptance, has been lodged for record in the records of both the communities interested therein, the line so fixed and established shall thereafter be the true division line between them, and said court may allow costs at its discretion. Before such committee proceeds to fix such line or monuments as aforesaid, the members thereof shall be sworn and give notice to the parties interested of the time and place of their meeting to attend to the duties of their appointment, at least twenty days previous to the time of such meeting, by serving the same upon a majority of the selectmen of such towns, the mayor and the clerk of such city and the warden and a majority of the burgesses of the communities interested, and also by setting the same on a signpost in each of such communities, if any, or at some other exterior place near the office of the clerk of each community. All parties interested shall be entitled to be heard before such committee. (1949 Rev., S. 629; P.A. 84-146, S. 3.) History: P.A. 84-146 included a reference to posting of notice on a place other than a signpost.

Conn. Gen. Stat. § 7-118a Curbs and sidewalks to be designed with cuts at pedestrian crosswalks.

7-118a. Curbs and sidewalks to be designed with cuts at pedestrian crosswalks. (a) All curbs and sidewalks constructed or replaced on or after January 1, 1980, shall be designed with cuts at all pedestrian crosswalks to provide adequate and reasonable access for the safe and convenient movement of physically handicapped persons. Such cuts shall meet the following specifications: (1) The cut shall have a surface that is textured and nonslip; (2) the cut shall be at least thirty-six inches wide, but not more than forty inches wide; and (3) the cut shall have a slope not greater than four degrees fifty minutes and shall blend to a common surface with the next level without use of a lip. Such cuts shall be positioned so as not to cause a safety hazard for blind pedestrians. (b) Any curb or sidewalk not constructed in accordance with the provisions of subsection (a) of this section shall be brought into compliance with the provisions of said subsection by the person, partnership or corporation which constructed such curb or sidewalk within ninety days from the time such person, partnership or corporation knows of such noncompliance. In the event such person, partnership or corporation fails to act in accordance with the provisions of this subsection, the state or any political subdivision thereof wherein such curb or sidewalk is located or which is responsible for the construction or replacement of such curb or sidewalk, shall bring such curb or sidewalk into compliance with the provisions of subsection (a) of this section within ninety days from the termination of the period of time provided herein for such person, partnership or corporation to bring such curb or sidewalk into compliance with the provisions of said subsection and shall be entitled to reimbursement from such person, partnership or corporation for expenses incurred in correcting such construction. (P.A. 75-295, S. 1, 2; P.A. 77-385; P.A. 78-64; P.A. 79-77, S. 1, 2; P.A. 80-483, S. 18, 186.) History: P.A. 77-385 required curb cuts after October 1, 1977, rather than after July 1, 1975, and added Subsec. (b) concerning compliance; P.A. 78-64 added specification that cuts not exceed 40 inches in width; P.A. 79-77 included sidewalks under provisions, changed date to January 1, 1980, required cuts to blend with next level without lip and that they not cause hazard for the blind and provided for reimbursement to towns for reconstruction made necessary by noncompliance of constructor; P.A. 80-483 made technical changes.

Conn. Gen. Stat. § 7-121 Making of specific appropriations.

7-121. Making of specific appropriations. Each city, by its common council when so authorized by its charter or by its electors in legal meeting assembled, and each town, borough or school district, by legal meeting of its voters, shall make appropriations of specific sums of money for all purposes authorized by law and provided for in the warnings of the meetings at which the appropriations are made. (1949 Rev., S. 624.)

Conn. Gen. Stat. § 7-121a Municipal loans to nonpublic schools for construction or renovation.

7-121a. Municipal loans to nonpublic schools for construction or renovation. (a) Any municipality may, by vote of its legislative body, borrow funds on the faith and credit of such municipality for the purpose of lending such funds to any financially responsible nonpublic school located in such municipality for construction or renovation of physical facilities for educational purposes, provided the obligor in such loan is a person or persons, the board of trustees or similar body legally authorized to contract for such obligations on behalf of such school. No municipality shall, as a result of such borrowing, incur indebtedness for this purpose in excess of ten per cent of its annual receipts from taxation. No such loan shall exceed thirty per cent of the appraised fair market value of the buildings and real property of such school or forty per cent of the assessed value of the capital assets of such school, whichever is less. (b) Any such loan shall be used exclusively for purposes of construction or renovation of physical facilities of such school for educational purposes. Such loan shall be secured by a first mortgage on school real estate owned by said obligor and further secured by security interest or lien with respect to (1) all capital assets of said obligor held for school purposes, (2) current income on such school's endowment funds to the extent that such interest or lien may be exercised with respect to such income, (3) the proceeds of any fund raising efforts on behalf of such school by such person or persons, board of trustees or similar body. The interest rate on any such loan shall be one per cent in excess of the current borrowing rate paid by such municipality. Such loan shall be amortized in equal semiannual installments of interest and principal over not more than thirty years. (c) In the event of default on any installment for a period of ninety days, the entire outstanding principal balance with interest and all costs of collection including a reasonable attorney's fee shall become due and payable. In such event, such municipality shall commence and continue legal proceedings to collect the amount due such municipality. (P.A. 74-287, S. 1–3.)

Conn. Gen. Stat. § 7-121b Contracts with regional water authorities.

7-121b. Contracts with regional water authorities. Any municipality served by a regional water authority may enter into long-term contracts with such authority whereby such municipality agrees that it will appropriate and pay to the authority such funds as may be necessary from time to time to make up all or an agreed-upon percentage of any deficit in a special capital reserve fund established by such authority to secure bonds issued by the authority to construct or improve its water supply system. (P.A. 75-151; 75-567, S. 44, 80.) History: P.A. 75-567 substituted “municipality” for “town”.

Conn. Gen. Stat. § 7-121c Municipal guarantee of notes and bonds issued by water authority re water distribution system.

7-121c. Municipal guarantee of notes and bonds issued by water authority re water distribution system. (a) Whenever any water authority incurs an indebtedness whether by the issuance of bonds, notes or otherwise by reason of the installation, enlargement or maintenance of a water distribution system within any member town, and the authority determines that the revenues and assessments reasonably anticipated by reason of such installation, enlargement or maintenance are insufficient to permit the payment of such indebtedness, the town in which such distribution system is located may, by appropriate action, guarantee the payment of definitive notes and bonds issued by the authority and thereafter from time to time lend to the authority such funds as may be required to retire such notes and bonds as the same become due together with such amounts as may from time to time be needed to satisfy interest and other charges upon such notes and bonds. Such amounts with interest at such rates per annum, not exceeding statutory limitations thereon, borrowed by the authority from such town shall be an obligation of the authority provided, such revenues and assessments as may be received by reason of the water service supplied to such town, after the payment of reasonable operating costs, shall be segregated in a separate account from other funds of the authority. Such funds shall be paid to such town from time to time in accordance with the terms of the loan until the entire amount due to such town is fully satisfied and shall be used for no other purpose. Operating costs are defined as those costs incurred in the maintenance and operation of the water distribution system including, but not limited to, the costs of physical maintenance of the installations, bookkeeping costs, the costs of surveys, soundings and examinations, employee wages and servicing of the bonds or debts of the authority other than those funds borrowed from the town in which the water distribution system is located, as the same becomes due together with such amounts as may from time to time be needed to satisfy interest and other charges upon such indebtedness. (b) Any funds so loaned by a town to the authority shall be evidenced by such notes or other evidences of indebtedness as may be appropriate. Any member town is authorized to enter into an agreement to lend such funds as may be required upon complying with such procedures as may be prescribed by such town for the issuance of general obligation bonds of such town provided, any such town may lend such funds as part of its general operating budget. Such funds as may be received by such town from the authority shall be used by the town as it shall determine in its budget. (P.A. 78-129.)

Conn. Gen. Stat. § 7-121d Municipality may request state review of contract with engineering consultant re wastewater.

7-121d. Municipality may request state review of contract with engineering consultant re wastewater. Upon the request of a municipality or municipal agency, the Commissioner of Energy and Environmental Protection shall review any contract between such municipality or municipal agency and an engineering consultant which concerns wastewater treatment or study, if such contract involves a grant for design or construction for which state moneys will be allocated or for which the state will disburse any federal funds. (P.A. 78-45; P.A. 11-80, S. 1.) History: Pursuant to P.A. 11-80, “Commissioner of Environmental Protection” was changed editorially by the Revisors to “Commissioner of Energy and Environmental Protection”, effective July 1, 2011.

Conn. Gen. Stat. § 7-121e Sewage treatment facility improvement trust fund.

7-121e. Sewage treatment facility improvement trust fund. Any town, city or borough, and any district in which a sewage treatment facility is or may be located, may, by action of its legislative body, create a sewage treatment facility improvement trust fund. Such fund may contain any amounts authorized to be transferred to the fund by the town, city, borough or district, any moneys obtained from the state, the federal government or any other unit of government and any private contributions. Such fund shall be used for the financing of any construction, reconstruction or acquisition carried out for the improvement of a sewage treatment facility. (P.A. 89-318.)

Conn. Gen. Stat. § 7-121f Municipal Electric Consumer Advocate.

7-121f. Municipal Electric Consumer Advocate. (a) There is established a Municipal Electric Consumer Advocate to act as an independent advocate for consumer interests in all matters which may affect municipal electric energy cooperative consumers, including, but not limited to, electric rates. Costs related to the Municipal Electric Consumer Advocate, including, but not limited to, hourly fees and necessary expenses, shall be paid for by all municipal electric energy cooperatives. The annual amount of such costs shall not exceed seventy thousand dollars for the first year and fifty thousand dollars for each year thereafter, unless there is a demonstration of substantial need made by the Municipal Electric Consumer Advocate and approved by the cooperative utility boards of all municipal electric energy cooperatives. (b) The Municipal Electric Consumer Advocate may appear and participate in municipal electric energy cooperative matters or any other federal or state regulatory or judicial proceeding in which consumers of any municipal electric energy cooperative may be involved. The Municipal Electric Consumer Advocate, in carrying out his or her duties, shall: (1) Have access to the records of a municipal electric energy cooperative, (2) have the right to make a reasonable number of copies of a municipal electric energy cooperative's records, (3) be entitled to call upon the assistance of a municipal electric energy cooperative's technical and legal experts, and (4) have the benefit of all other information of a municipal electric energy cooperative, except for employment records and other internal documents that are not relevant to the duties of the Municipal Electric Consumer Advocate. (c) (1) The Municipal Electric Consumer Advocate shall be a member of the bar of this state and shall have private legal experience in public utility law and policy, but shall not be a member of a municipal electric energy cooperative's cooperative utility board or a person who has or may have conflicts of interest, as defined by the Rules of Professional Conduct, in representing the municipal electric energy cooperative's consumers as a class. (2) Prior to November 1, 2017, and prior to November first in each odd-numbered year thereafter, the Consumer Counsel, appointed pursuant to section 16-2a, shall select the Municipal Electric Consumer Advocate to serve for a two-year term commencing on the following first day of January. The Municipal Electric Consumer Advocate may be terminated by the Consumer Counsel prior to the completion of a two-year term only for misconduct, material neglect of duty or incompetence. (3) The Municipal Electric Consumer Advocate shall be independent of any municipal electric energy cooperative's cooperative utility board and may not be removed by a municipal electric energy cooperative's cooperative utility board for any reason. A municipal electric energy cooperative's cooperative utility board shall not direct or oversee the activities of the Municipal Electric Consumer Advocate. A municipal electric energy cooperative's cooperative utility board shall cooperate with reasonable requests of the Municipal Electric Consumer Advocate to enable the Municipal Electric Consumer Advocate to effectively perform his or her duties and functions. (d) (1) The Municipal Electric Consumer Advocate shall prepare reports of his or her activities regarding each municipal electric energy cooperative and submit such reports regarding a municipal electric energy cooperative at the end of each calendar quarter to such municipal electric energy cooperative, the chief elected official of each municipality in which a participant of such municipal electric energy cooperative operates and to the Consumer Counsel. Each municipal electric energy cooperative and the Consumer Counsel shall post such quarterly reports on their respective Internet web sites. (2) The Municipal Electric Consumer Advocate shall hold an annual public forum on the second Wednesday of October each year at a location where a municipal electric energy cooperative holds hearings for the purpose of describing the recent activities of the Municipal Electric Consumer Advocate and receiving feedback from consumers. A municipal electric energy cooperative shall publicize the public forum through an announcement at the preceding scheduled meeting of such municipal electric energy cooperative, on its Internet web site and in a notice on or attached to its consumer bills. The Municipal Electric Consumer Advocate may hold additional public forums as he or she deems necessary. (e) Nothing in this section shall be construed to prevent any interested person, including, but not limited to, any individual consumer or group of consumers, from participating in any municipal electric energy cooperative meeting or hearing on their own behalf or through counsel. (f) Any municipal electric energy cooperative shall promptly adopt any changes to its rules, regulations or other governing documents necessary to carry out the requirements of this section. (P.A. 17-73, S. 3.) History: P.A. 17-73 effective June 30, 2017.

Conn. Gen. Stat. §§ 7-121g to 7-121l

7-121g to 7-121l. Reserved for future use.

Conn. Gen. Stat. § 7-121m Notice of actions concerning real property in other municipalities.

7-121m. Notice of actions concerning real property in other municipalities. Whenever any municipality, pursuant to the general statutes or any special act, takes any action on or makes any assessment against any real property in any other municipality, the acting municipality shall be subject to all notice requirements in the same manner and to the same extent as the municipality in which the property is located would be if it were the acting municipality. (P.A. 83-513, S. 6.)

Conn. Gen. Stat. § 7-121n Sustainable energy program.

7-121n. Sustainable energy program. (a) As used in this section: (1) “Energy improvements” means any renovation or retrofitting of qualifying real property to reduce energy consumption or installation of a renewable energy system to service qualifying real property, provided such renovation, retrofit or installation is permanently fixed to such qualifying real property; (2) “Qualifying real property” means a single-family or multifamily residential dwelling or a nonresidential building, regardless of ownership, that a municipality has determined can benefit from energy improvements; (3) “Property owner” means an owner of qualifying real property who desires to install energy improvements and provides free and willing consent to the contractual assessment; and (4) “Sustainable energy program” means a municipal program that authorizes a municipality to enter into contractual assessments on qualifying real property with property owners to finance the purchase and installation of energy improvements to qualifying real property within its municipal boundaries. (b) Any municipality, that determines it is in the public interest, may establish a sustainable energy program to facilitate the increase of energy efficiency and renewable energy. A municipality shall make such a determination after issuing public notice and providing an opportunity for public comment regarding the establishment of a sustainable energy program. (c) Notwithstanding the provisions of section 7-374 or any other public or special act that limits or imposes conditions on municipal bond issues, any municipality that establishes a sustainable energy program under this section may issue bonds, as necessary, for the purpose of financing (1) energy improvements; (2) related energy audits; and (3) renewable energy system feasibility studies and the verification of the installation of such improvements. Such financing shall be secured by special contractual assessments on the qualifying real property. (d) (1) Any municipality that establishes a sustainable energy program pursuant to this section may partner with another municipality or a state agency to (A) maximize the opportunities for accessing public funds and private capital markets for long-term sustainable financing, and (B) secure state or federal funds available for this purpose. (2) Any municipality that establishes a sustainable energy program and issues bonds pursuant to this section may supplement the security of such bonds with any other legally available funds solely at the municipality's discretion. (3) Any municipality that establishes a sustainable energy program pursuant to this section may use the services of one or more private, public or quasi-public third-party administrators to provide support for the program. (e) Before establishing a program under this section, the municipality shall provide notice to the electric distribution company, as defined in section 16-1, that services the municipality. (f) If the owner of record of qualifying real property requests financing for energy improvements under this section, the municipality implementing the sustainable energy program shall: (1) Require performance of an energy audit or renewable energy system feasibility analysis on the qualifying real property before approving such financing; (2) Enter into a contractual assessment on the qualifying real property with the property owner in a principal amount sufficient to pay the costs of energy improvements and any associated costs the municipality determines will benefit the qualifying real property and may cover any associated costs; (3) Impose requirements and criteria to ensure that the proposed energy improvements are consistent with the purpose of the program; and (4) Impose requirements and conditions on the financing to ensure timely repayment, including, but not limited to, procedures for placing a lien on a property for which an owner defaults on repayment. (g) Prior to entering a contractual assessment, the municipality shall provide each property owner the following notice, which shall be set forth in at least fourteen-point bold type: SEEK LEGAL ADVICE BEFORE PARTICIPATING IN THIS LOAN PROGRAM TO ENSURE UNDERSTANDING OF POTENTIAL CONSEQUENCES, INCLUDING A POSSIBLE DEFAULT UNDER YOUR MORTGAGE. (h) Any assessment levied pursuant to this section shall have a term not to exceed the calculated payback period for the installed energy improvements, as determined by the municipality, and shall have no prepayment penalty. The municipality shall set a fixed rate of interest for the repayment of the principal assessed amount at the time the assessment is made. Such interest rate, as may be supplemented with state or federal funding as may become available, shall be sufficient to pay the financing costs of the program, including delinquencies. (i) Assessments levied pursuant to this section and the interest and any penalties thereon shall constitute a lien against the qualifying real property on which they are made until they are paid. Such lien shall be levied and collected in the same manner as the general taxes of the municipality on real property, including, in the event of default or delinquency, with respect to any penalties and remedies and lien priorities, provided such lien shall not have priority over any prior mortgages. (j) The area encompassing the sustainable energy program in a municipality may be the entire municipal jurisdiction of the municipality or a subset of such. (P.A. 11-80, S. 100.) History: P.A. 11-80 effective July 1, 2011.

Conn. Gen. Stat. § 7-122 Sites for armories. Appropriations.

7-122. Sites for armories. Appropriations. Any city may, acting by its legislative body, purchase or acquire land for the purpose of conveying the same to the state as the site for a state armory, whenever the General Assembly has voted to erect an armory in such city, and may appropriate sufficient funds therefor from the treasury of such city and authorize an officer of such city to execute a conveyance of such land to the state. (1949 Rev., S. 638.)

Conn. Gen. Stat. § 7-122a Municipal fallout shelters and civil preparedness facilities.

7-122a. Municipal fallout shelters and civil preparedness facilities. Any town or city, acting by its legislative body, may provide for the acquisition, construction and installation of fallout shelters and other civil preparedness facilities and may appropriate sufficient funds therefor and may finance such acquisition, construction and installation by the issuance of bonds as provided in chapter 109. (1967, P.A. 371; P.A. 73-544, S. 20.) History: P.A. 73-544 made reference to “civil preparedness” facilities rather than “civil defense” facilities.

Conn. Gen. Stat. § 7-122b Allocation of funds for art work in construction or remodeling of municipal buildings.

7-122b. Allocation of funds for art work in construction or remodeling of municipal buildings. (a) For purposes of this section, the following terms have the following meanings: “Municipal building” means any building or facility owned or leased by a municipal government in the state of Connecticut and open to the public or intended for such use, exclusive of any shed, warehouse, garage or building of a temporary nature; “work of art” means art work which is to be an integrated part of such municipal building, including but not limited to, fresco, mosaic, sculpture and other architectural embellishment or functional art created by a professional artist, artisan or craftsperson, and any work of visual art which is not to be an integrated part of such municipal building, including but not limited to, a drawing, painting, sculpture, mosaic, photograph, work of calligraphy or work of graphic art or mixed media. Work of art as used in this section shall not include landscape architecture or landscape gardening. (b) Any municipality may, in the allocation of funds for purposes of construction, reconstruction or remodeling of any municipal building, allocate for work of art, with respect to each such project, an amount of such funds equal to one per cent or more of the total estimated cost of such construction, reconstruction or remodeling, exclusive of (1) the cost of any land acquisition, (2) any nonconstruction costs including the cost of such work of art, (3) any augmentations to such cost and (4) the amount of such costs paid for with funds derived from grants or loans from the state or the federal government. No funds derived from a grant or loan from the state or the federal government shall be allocated for work of art unless such grant or loan specifically provides for such use. (c) The municipality shall designate the officer or agency which shall, with respect to work of art in any such project, be responsible for selection of and contractual arrangements with any artist, artisan or craftsperson, review of any design or plan, execution and completion of such work of art and acceptance and placement of such work of art. (P.A. 81-164, S. 1, 2.)

Conn. Gen. Stat. § 7-122c Installation of hostile architecture prohibited.

7-122c. Installation of hostile architecture prohibited. (a) For the purposes of this section, “municipality” has the same meaning as provided in section 7-148 and “hostile architecture” means any building or structure that is designed or intended primarily for the purpose of preventing a person experiencing homelessness from sitting or lying in the building or on the structure at street level, provided “hostile architecture” does not include design elements intended to prevent individuals from skateboarding or rollerblading or to prevent vehicles from entering certain areas. (b) On and after January 1, 2026, no municipality shall install or construct hostile architecture in any publicly accessible building or on any publicly accessible real property owned by the municipality. (c) Upon receipt of written notice from any person alleging that a building or structure violates the provisions of subsection (b) of this section, a municipality shall investigate such alleged violation. If, after such investigation, the municipality determines that such building or structure is hostile architecture in violation of the provisions of subsection (b) of this section, the municipality shall remove such building or structure not later than ninety days after making such determination. (d) The provisions of this section shall not apply to any hostile architecture installed or constructed prior to January 1, 2026. (Nov. Sp. Sess. P.A. 25-1, S. 26.) History: Nov. Sp. Sess. P.A. 25-1 effective January 1, 2026.

Conn. Gen. Stat. § 7-125a Appropriations to improvement associations for road maintenance.

7-125a. Appropriations to improvement associations for road maintenance. Any town which has appropriated funds to any body politic incorporated by special act as an improvement association within such town, which funds were used for the repair or maintenance of roads within the limits of such association, may continue to make such payments, if the legislative body of such town deems it in the public interest to do so. (1961, P.A. 412.)

Conn. Gen. Stat. § 7-126 Transportation of children with physical disabilities and children with visual impairments.

7-126. Transportation of children with physical disabilities and children with visual impairments. Each city, town, borough or school district is authorized to transport children with physical disabilities and children having such visual impairments as to require transportation, from within their residences to places where medical, surgical or other treatment is to be given them, and to retransport such children from within such places to within their residences, and such transportation is declared to be in the line of governmental duty. (1949 Rev., S. 640; P.A. 15-109, S. 2.) History: P.A. 15-109 replaced references to crippled children and children with defective eyesight with references to children with physical disabilities and children with visual impairments.

Conn. Gen. Stat. § 7-127b Municipal agents for elderly persons. Duties. Responsibilities of Department of Aging and Disability Services.

7-127b. Municipal agents for elderly persons. Duties. Responsibilities of Department of Aging and Disability Services. (a) The chief elected official or the chief executive officer if by ordinance of each municipality shall appoint a municipal agent for elderly persons. Such agent shall be a staff member of a senior center, a member of an agency that serves elderly persons in the municipality or a responsible resident of the municipality who has demonstrated an interest in assisting elderly persons or has been involved in programs in the field of aging. (b) The duties of the municipal agent shall include, but need not be limited to: (1) Disseminating information to elderly persons, assisting such persons in learning about the community resources available to them and publicizing such resources and benefits; (2) assisting elderly persons in applying for federal and state benefits, and accessing community resources, available to such persons; and (3) reporting to the chief elected official or chief executive officer of the municipality and the Department of Aging and Disability Services any needs and problems of the elderly and any recommendations for action to improve services to the elderly. For the purposes of this subsection, “community resources” means resources that assist elderly persons in gaining access to housing opportunities, including, but not limited to, information regarding access to waitlists for housing designated for elderly persons, applications and consumer reports. (c) Each municipal agent shall serve for a term of two or four years, at the discretion of the appointing authority of each municipality, and may be reappointed. If more than one agent is necessary to carry out the purposes of this section, the appointing authority, in its discretion, may appoint one or more assistant agents. The town clerk in each municipality shall notify the Department of Aging and Disability Services immediately of the appointment of a new municipal agent. Each municipality may provide to its municipal agent resources sufficient for such agent to perform the duties of the office. (d) The Department of Aging and Disability Services shall adopt and disseminate to municipalities guidelines as to the role and duties of municipal agents and such informational and technical materials as may assist such agents in performance of their duties. The department, in cooperation with the area agencies on aging, may provide training for municipal agents within the available resources of the department and of the area agencies on aging. (e) On or before January 1, 2025, the Commissioner of Aging and Disability Services shall create a directory of municipal agents appointed pursuant to the provisions of this section, which shall include, but need not be limited to, the name, title, telephone number, electronic mail address and mailing address of each municipal agent. The commissioner shall post a link to the directory on the Department of Aging and Disability Services' Internet web site. (1972, P.A. 70; P.A. 77-447; P.A. 85-459, S. 1, 2; P.A. 88-206, S. 2; P.A. 93-262, S. 1, 87; P.A. 95-77; P.A. 01-195, S. 105, 181; P.A. 12-119, S. 3; P.A. 13-125, S. 1; June Sp. Sess. P.A. 17-2, S. 288; P.A. 18-169, S. 14; P.A. 19-157, S. 14; P.A. 21-7, S. 1; P.A. 24-39, S. 17.) History: P.A. 77-447 replaced all former provisions re municipal agents for disseminating information to elderly with more detailed provisions of Subsecs. (a) to (d), inclusive; P.A. 85-459 amended Subsec. (b) to require written reports to be submitted to the state department on aging and amended Subsec. (c) to require the town clerk to notify the state department on aging of the appointment of a new municipal agent; P.A. 88-206 gave the chief elected official the authority to appoint a municipal agent and provided that the chief executive officer may also appoint if by ordinance he is given such authority in Subsec. (a), made a technical change in Subsec. (b) and required the department on aging to sponsor at least one training session and specified that the training shall include information re the availability of housing and required each municipal agent to attend at least one session in Subsec. (d); P.A. 93-262 authorized substitution of department of social services for department on aging, effective July 1, 1993; P.A. 95-77 amended Subsec. (c) to allow a municipal agent to serve a term of two or four years, at the discretion of the appointing authority, where previously terms were two years only; P.A. 01-195 made technical changes, effective July 11, 2001; P.A. 12-119 amended Subsec. (a) to delete provisions re commission on aging members and elected officials as potential agents and make technical changes, amended Subsec. (b) to make technical changes, replace provisions re annual written reports on services provided by the agent with provisions re reporting agent's recommendations to improve services to the elderly, made a technical change in Subsec. (c), and amended Subsec. (d) to delete requirement that department ensure municipalities carry out provisions of section, make technical changes, make agent training discretionary rather than mandatory, delete provisions re training requirements and records re elderly persons and add provision re training within available resources of department and area agencies, effective June 15, 2012; P.A. 13-125 replaced references to Department of Social Services with references to Department on Aging, effective July 1, 2013; June Sp. Sess. P.A. 17-2 replaced “Department on Aging” with “Department of Social Services” in Subsecs. (b) to (d), effective October 31, 2017; P.A. 18-169 replaced “Department of Social Services” with “Department of Rehabilitation Services” in Subsecs. (b) to (d) and made a technical change in Subsec. (b), effective June 14, 2018; P.A. 19-157 amended Subsecs. (b) to (d) by replacing “Department of Rehabilitation Services” with “Department of Aging and Disability Services”; P.A. 21-7 amended Subsec. (a) by adding senior center staff to persons who may be municipal agents and made a technical change in Subsec. (b); P.A. 24-39 amended Subsec. (a) by replacing “demonstrated an interest in the elderly” with “demonstrated an interest in assisting elderly persons”, amended Subsec. (b) by replacing “may include, but shall not be limited to” with “shall include, but need not be limited to”, replacing “other benefits” with “state benefits, and accessing community resources” and making a technical change in Subdiv. (2) and adding provision defining “community resources” in Subdiv. (3), and added Subsec. (e) re creation of a directory of municipal agents.

Conn. Gen. Stat. § 7-127c Municipal agents for children.

7-127c. Municipal agents for children. (a) The chief elected official or the chief executive officer of each municipality may appoint a municipal agent for children. Such agent shall be an elected official of the state or the municipality, a member of an agency that serves children, a youth service bureau in the municipality or a responsible resident of the municipality who has demonstrated an interest in children or has been involved in programs in the field of child development. (b) The duties of a municipal agent may include, but not be limited to, (1) annually determining the capacity of the municipality to provide services beneficial to children and families living in the municipality and coordinating such services provided by the state, the municipality and community-based organizations; (2) disseminating information to families with children and assisting such families in learning about the resources available to them; (3) assisting families with children in applying for available child day care subsidies; and (4) annually submitting a written report to the chief elected official, chief executive officer and legislative body of the municipality, on the services he has provided, his findings concerning the needs and problems of children in the municipality and recommendations for improving services for such children. (c) Each municipal agent shall serve for a term of two years and may be reappointed. If more than one agent is necessary to carry out the purposes of this section, the appointing authority, in his discretion, may appoint one or more assistant agents. The town clerk in each municipality shall notify the Commissioner of Education immediately of the appointment of a municipal agent. Each municipality may provide to its municipal agent resources sufficient for such agent to perform the duties of the office. (d) The Department of Education may adopt and disseminate to municipalities guidelines as to the role and duties of municipal agents and such informational and technical materials as may assist such agents in the performance of their duties. The department, in collaboration with the Commission on Women, Children, Seniors, Equity and Opportunity may provide training for municipal agents within the available resources of the department and the commission. (P.A. 92-247; P.A. 93-91, S. 1, 2; P.A. 95-339, S. 5, 8; May Sp. Sess. P.A. 16-3, S. 138; P.A. 19-117, S. 111.) History: P.A. 93-91 substituted commissioner and department of children and families for commissioner and department of children and youth services, effective July 1, 1993; P.A. 95-339 amended Subsecs. (c) and (d) to substitute Commissioner and Department of Education for Commissioner and Department of Children and Families, effective July 1, 1995; May Sp. Sess. P.A. 16-3 amended Subsec. (d) to substitute “Commission on Women, Children and Seniors” for “Commission on Children”, effective July 1, 2016; P.A. 19-117 amended Subsec. (d) by replacing “Commission on Women, Children and Seniors” with “Commission on Women, Children, Seniors, Equity and Opportunity”, effective July 1, 2019.

Conn. Gen. Stat. § 7-127d Neighborhood youth center grant program.

7-127d. Neighborhood youth center grant program. (a) There is established a neighborhood youth center grant program which shall be administered by the Department of Education. (b) Grants may be made to city and nonprofit agencies serving the cities of Bridgeport, New Haven, Hartford, New Britain, Norwalk, Stamford and Waterbury for the purpose of supporting neighborhood centers for youths between twelve and seventeen years of age. Agencies serving each eligible city may receive from the funds authorized for the program an amount that is proportionate to the population of the city between twelve and seventeen years of age whose families have incomes below the federal poverty level determined from 1990 data of the United States Bureau of the Census as a percentage of the aggregate population of such ages and family income level in all eligible cities in the state, except that the cities of Bridgeport, New Haven and Hartford shall receive grants in equal amounts based on the average of the funds otherwise allocated among the three cities from such formula. (c) Seventy-five per cent of all grants made (1) pursuant to sections 7-127d to 7-127g, inclusive, and (2) to municipalities which, in the aggregate, receive seventy-five thousand dollars or more, shall be made to cities and nonprofit agencies providing on-site athletic or recreational programs. (d) Neighborhood youth center programs shall include the following components: (1) A neighborhood center, at a location convenient for youths within the neighborhood to be served, that is open regular hours including, but not limited to, evenings, weekends, school vacations and the summer and where all the other program components could be delivered; (2) athletic and recreational opportunities; (3) enrichment or tutoring activities; (4) skills training in areas such as problem-solving, decision-making, conflict resolution, peer counseling and life skills; (5) parent involvement in planning the grant initially and on an ongoing basis; (6) youth involvement, including, but not limited to, input into the planning and management of the program and youth leadership development activities; and (7) maximum use of existing neighborhood services for youths. (e) Neighborhood youth center programs may include the following components: (1) Matching youths on a one-to-one basis with positive adult role models; (2) vocational training and job placement; (3) preventive and interventive services for youths and their families; and (4) cultural opportunities. (May Sp. Sess. P.A. 94-6, S. 5, 28; P.A. 95-351, S. 23, 30; P.A. 96-226, S. 1, 4; June 30 Sp. Sess. P.A. 03-6, S. 185; P.A. 11-48, S. 206.) History: May Sp. Sess. P.A. 94-6 effective July 1, 1994; P.A. 95-351 amended Subsec. (b) by requiring Bridgeport, New Haven and Hartford to receive grants in equal amounts, effective July 1, 1995; P.A. 96-226 amended Subsec. (b) to eliminate schools from eligibility for grants, inserted new Subsec. (c) re percentage of grants for on-site athletic or recreational activities, relettering former Subsec. (c) as Subsecs. (d) and (e) and amended Subsecs. (d) and (e) to require such programs to be at only one location within the neighborhood being served and to make certain activities mandatory and certain activities optional in such programs, effective July 1, 1996; June 30 Sp. Sess. P.A. 03-6 amended Subsec. (a) to suspend operation of program for the fiscal years ending June 30, 2004, and June 30, 2005, effective August 20, 2003; P.A. 11-48 amended Subsec. (a) by replacing Office of Policy and Management with Department of Education re administration of program and deleting exception re suspension of operation of program for fiscal years 2004 and 2005, effective July 1, 2011.

Conn. Gen. Stat. § 7-127e Application. Matching funds for neighborhood youth centers program and Leadership, Education, Athletics in Partnership program. Advisory committee for grant application review.

7-127e. Application. Matching funds for neighborhood youth centers program and Leadership, Education, Athletics in Partnership program. Advisory committee for grant application review. (a) The Department of Education shall solicit competitive proposals under this program for the fiscal year beginning July 1, 2011, and every two years thereafter. The Department of Education shall notify the eligible agencies of the amount of funds provided for each city in accordance with section 7-127d. Eligible agencies may file a grant application with the Department of Education on such form and at such time as the department may require. (b) Grant funds made available for the provisions of sections 7-127d to 7-127g, inclusive, shall not be used to supplant existing services. A minimum of twenty-five per cent of the total program costs for each neighborhood youth center program shall be supported with local funds or in-kind contributions which may include federal, local and private funds which support existing services. (c) The Department of Education shall review all grant applications received and make the decisions concerning which applications shall be funded and at what funding levels. Criteria for such decisions shall include (1) documentation of need for the program through crime and poverty statistics for the neighborhood to be served; (2) responsiveness to program component requirements; (3) reasonableness of costs; (4) soundness of program plan; (5) experience of the applicant agency in providing youth recreational services; and (6) evidence of collaboration and coordination with other children's services providers in the neighborhood. The Department of Education shall convene and chair an advisory committee to assist in grant application review. Such committee shall include representatives of the Judicial Department and the Departments of Children and Families, Education, Public Health and Social Services. (d) In order to be eligible to receive funds from the Department of Education for the Leadership, Education, Athletics in Partnership (LEAP) program, or the neighborhood youth centers program, an applicant must provide a match of at least fifty per cent of the grant amount. The cash portion of such match shall be at least twenty-five per cent of the grant amount. (May Sp. Sess. P.A. 94-6, S. 6, 28; P.A. 95-257, S. 12, 21, 58; P.A. 96-226, S. 2–4; June 30 Sp. Sess. P.A. 03-6, S. 186; June Sp. Sess. P.A. 05-3, S. 30; P.A. 11-48, S. 207.) History: May Sp. Sess. P.A. 94-6 effective July 1, 1994; P.A. 95-257 replaced Commissioner and Department of Public Health and Addiction Services with Commissioner and Department of Public Health, effective July 1, 1995; P.A. 96-226 amended Subsec. (a) to require the solicitation of competitive proposals for the fiscal years beginning July 1, 1996, and July 1, 1999, and every two years thereafter and allowed the Office of Policy and Management to designate when agencies may file a grant application, replacing provision which had specified application date, and amended Subsec. (c) to add Subdiv. (6) including evidence of collaborations and coordinations with other children's services providers in the neighborhood as criteria for funding, effective July 1, 1996; June 30 Sp. Sess. P.A. 03-6 amended Subsec. (a) to prohibit solicitation of competitive proposals for the fiscal years ending June 30, 2004, and June 30, 2005, effective August 20, 2003; June Sp. Sess. P.A. 05-3 was added editorially by the Revisors as Subsec. (d) re matching funds for the Leadership, Education, Athletics in Partnership program and the neighborhood youth centers program, effective July 1, 2005; P.A. 11-48 replaced “Office of Policy and Management” with “Department of Education” and made conforming changes throughout, and amended Subsec. (a) by replacing “1996, and July 1, 1999” with “2011”, making a conforming change and deleting exception re no solicitation of proposals for fiscal years 2004 and 2005, effective July 1, 2011.

Conn. Gen. Stat. § 7-127f Annual reports. Audit.

7-127f. Annual reports. Audit. Grantees shall submit to the Department of Education on an annual basis program and financial reports on such forms as the department may require. In accordance with the provisions of sections 4-230 to 4-236, inclusive, and regulations adopted thereunder, each grantee shall file an appropriate audit of grant funds with the department on or before December first of the fiscal year following the grant year. (May Sp. Sess. P.A. 94-6, S. 7, 28; P.A. 12-120, S. 27; P.A. 13-31, S. 2.) History: May Sp. Sess. P.A. 94-6 effective July 1, 1994; P.A. 12-120 replaced references to Office of Policy and Management with references to Department of Education and replaced quarterly submissions of program and financial reports with annual submissions, effective June 15, 2012; P.A. 13-31 made a technical change, effective May 28, 2013.

Conn. Gen. Stat. § 7-127g Annual reports to the General Assembly.

7-127g. Annual reports to the General Assembly. Each municipality which receives a grant pursuant to sections 7-127d to 7-127f, inclusive, for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1995, shall submit a report to the General Assembly, in accordance with the provisions of section 11-4a, which sets forth all funds received by such municipality from state, local, federal or private sources for youth centers and after-school programs. Such report shall be submitted on or before February 15, 1995. Any municipality which receives a grant pursuant to sections 7-127d to 7-127f, inclusive, for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1996, or any subsequent fiscal year, shall submit such report not later than February fifteenth of the fiscal year in which such grant is received. (May Sp. Sess. P.A. 94-6, S. 8, 28; P.A. 96-180, S. 5, 166.) History: May Sp. Sess. P.A. 94-6 effective July 1, 1994; P.A. 96-180 made technical changes re section cites, effective June 3, 1996.

Conn. Gen. Stat. § 7-127h Multipurpose senior centers. Establishment by municipalities. Services, programs provided.

7-127h. Multipurpose senior centers. Establishment by municipalities. Services, programs provided. (a) Any one or more municipalities, or any one or more private organizations that serve older persons and are designated to act as agents of one or more municipalities, may establish a multipurpose senior center, as defined in Title I of the Older Americans Act of 1965, as amended from time to time. (b) A multipurpose senior center established pursuant to subsection (a) of this section may provide assistance, including, but not limited to: (1) Nutrition services; (2) health programs, including, but not limited to, mental health, behavioral health and wellness programs; (3) employment assistance; (4) intergenerational initiatives; (5) community service and civic engagement opportunities; (6) public benefits counseling; (7) socialization and educational opportunities; (8) transportation; (9) peer counseling; (10) financial and retirement counseling; (11) arts and recreation programs; and (12) case management services. (P.A. 21-7, S. 2; P.A. 22-78, S. 4.) History: P.A. 22-78 made a technical change in Subsec. (b), effective May 24, 2022.

Conn. Gen. Stat. § 7-127i Assistance, resources for senior centers. Duties of Commission on Women, Children, Seniors, Equity and Opportunity.

7-127i. Assistance, resources for senior centers. Duties of Commission on Women, Children, Seniors, Equity and Opportunity. Within available appropriations, the Commission on Women, Children, Seniors, Equity and Opportunity shall provide assistance to senior centers, which may include, but need not be limited to: (1) Establishment and maintenance of a list of senior centers and municipal services for older persons; (2) establishment and maintenance of a list of resources for staff of senior centers and municipal services for older persons; (3) development of technical assistance for staff of senior centers and municipal services for older persons through direct assistance or referral to expert resources; (4) regular communication with staff of senior centers and municipal services for older persons; (5) dissemination of information about local, state and federal support and services of interest to senior centers and municipal services for older persons; and (6) establishment and facilitation of a state-wide senior center work group as described in section 4 of public act 21-7*. The executive director of the Commission on Women, Children, Seniors, Equity and Opportunity shall assign or appoint necessary personnel to perform such duties. (P.A. 21-7, S. 3.) *Note: Section 4 of public act 21-7 is special in nature and therefore has not been codified but remains in full force and effect according to its terms.

Conn. Gen. Stat. § 7-129a Park and recreation capital and nonrecurring expense fund.

7-129a. Park and recreation capital and nonrecurring expense fund. (a) As used in this section, “municipality” means any city, town, borough, district or association with municipal powers which has within its jurisdiction and subject to its authority, holds or acquires any land or facilities for park or recreational use; “recreation authority” means the committee or commission within the government of a municipality responsible for the administration or supervision of parks or recreation, the legislative body of any municipality which has no such committee or commission, or the board of selectmen of any town which has no such committee or commission and the legislative body of which is the town meeting or representative town meeting. (b) Any municipality, by vote of its legislative body, may establish a special fund, which shall be known as the park and recreation capital and nonrecurring expense fund. There shall be deposited in said fund (1) all moneys received by the municipality, from whatever source and by whatever means, as gifts for park or recreation purposes; (2) all moneys received by the municipality, from whatever source and by whatever means, as governmental grants or loans for park or recreational purposes; (3) all moneys received by the municipality from the sale or voluntary or involuntary conveyance of land used for park or recreational purposes, and (4) all moneys appropriated to said fund by the municipality. (c) Said fund shall be in the custody of the treasurer or other officer in charge of funds of the municipality. All or any part of the moneys in said fund may, from time to time, be invested in any securities in which public funds may lawfully be invested. All income derived from such investments shall be paid into the fund and become a part thereof. The moneys so invested shall at all times be subject to withdrawal from such investment for use as provided in subsection (e) of this section. (d) Annually, the treasurer or other officer having custody of said fund shall submit to the recreation authority and to the legislative body of the municipality a complete and detailed report of the condition of said fund, which report shall be made a part of the annual municipal report. (e) Upon authorization of the body in such municipality having the power of appropriation, the moneys in said fund may be used for capital and nonrecurring expenditures incurred in any of the following: (1) Acquisition, development, improvement, maintenance and expansion of park and recreation lands; (2) acquisition, erection, installation, maintenance, improvement, repair and replacement of park or recreation facilities and equipment; (3) development, establishment and improvement of park or recreation programs; (4) any other capital or nonrecurring expenditure incurred for park or recreational purposes. (f) No budget proposed or approved or appropriation made for park or recreational purposes in any municipality shall be reduced, ratably or otherwise, in consideration of any moneys in said fund. (1967, P.A. 438, S. 1–7; P.A. 07-217, S. 14.) History: P.A. 07-217 made a technical change in Subsec. (c), effective July 12, 2007.

Conn. Gen. Stat. § 7-130a Public recreational facilities authorities. Definitions.

7-130a. Public recreational facilities authorities. Definitions. As used in sections 7-130a to 7-130w, inclusive, the following words and terms shall have the following meanings unless the context indicates another meaning or intent: (a) “Authority” means an authority created under the provisions of sections 7-130a to 7-130w, inclusive, or, if any such authority is abolished, the board, body or commission succeeding to the principal functions thereof or to whom the powers given by said sections to such authority shall be given by law. (b) “Municipality” means any town, city or borough, whether consolidated or unconsolidated. (c) “Federal agency” means and includes the United States of America or any department, bureau, agency or instrumentality thereof. (d) “Project” or “projects” or “public facility” or “public facilities” means any one or more of the following: Public golf courses, bathing beaches, swimming pools, marinas or small craft harbors, tennis courts, facilities for camping, fishing and hunting, playgrounds, gymnasiums, playing fields, indoor recreation centers, auditoriums, exhibition halls, museums, aquariums, shipbuilding and other maritime arts and trades demonstration facilities, stadiums, hockey rinks and ski tows and other skiing facilities, as such terms are generally used, and parking facilities and other facilities for the public convenience in connection with any of the foregoing, including all buildings, structures and other facilities for the public convenience, including but not limited to restaurants and other concessions, and appurtenances thereto which the authority may deem necessary and desirable, together with all property, real or personal, rights, easements and interests which may be acquired by the authority or any person contracting with the authority, for the construction, improvement and operation of any of the foregoing. (e) “Cost” as applied to any project shall include the cost of acquisition or construction, the cost of any subsequent additions thereto or expansion thereof, the cost of the acquisition of all land, rights-of-way, property rights, easements and interests acquired by the authority for such construction, additions or expansion, the cost of demolishing or removing any building or structure on land so acquired, including the cost of acquiring any lands to which such building or structures may be moved, the cost of dredging and filling underwater areas, the cost of all equipment, financing charges, insurance, interest prior to and during such construction, and during the construction of any addition or expansion, and, if deemed advisable by the authority, for a period not exceeding one year after completion of such construction, addition or expansion, the cost of surveys, engineering and architectural expenses, borings, plans and specifications and other engineering and architectural services, legal expenses, administrative expenses and such other expenses as may be necessary or incident to the construction of the project, and of such subsequent additions thereto or expansion thereof, and the cost of financing such construction, additions or expansion and placing the project and such additions or expansion in operation. (f) “Bonds” means any bonds, notes, interim certificates, debentures or other obligations issued by an authority pursuant to sections 7-130a to 7-130w, inclusive. (February, 1965, P.A. 460, S. 1; 1967, P.A. 810, S. 1; P.A. 85-543, S. 1, 7.) History: 1967 act extended definition in Subsec. (d) to cover public facilities; P.A. 85-543 amended Subsec. (d) to include museums, aquariums, shipbuilding and other maritime arts and trades demonstration facilities in the definition of “project”, to include restaurants and other concessions and to add reference to persons contracting with an authority.

Conn. Gen. Stat. § 7-130b Creation of authority. Joining and withdrawal.

7-130b. Creation of authority. Joining and withdrawal. (a) The legislative body of any municipality may, by ordinance, create an authority under an appropriate name and title containing the word “authority”, which may also be constituted a departmental unit of such municipality, or may designate any existing departmental unit of such municipality as such authority. Two or more municipalities may, by concurrent ordinances of their legislative bodies, create such an authority. Such ordinances shall contain a brief statement of the purpose of the authority and shall set forth the articles of incorporation of the authority as follows: (1) The name of the authority and address of its principal office and, where applicable, a statement that the authority is constituted as a departmental unit of such municipality or that an existing municipal department is designated as such authority; (2) a statement that the authority is created under sections 7-130a to 7-130w, inclusive; (3) the name of each participating political subdivision; (4) the names, addresses and terms of office of the first members of the authority, except in the case where the authority is constituted a departmental unit or an existing municipal department is designated as such authority, in which case the name of such department and its office address shall be given; and (5) the purpose or purposes for which the authority is to be created. (b) Passage of such ordinance or ordinances by the legislative body or bodies shall constitute the authority a public body politic and corporate of the state, except where such authority is or becomes a departmental unit of such municipality as herein provided. (c) Any municipality may become a member of an existing authority upon such terms and conditions as the authority may determine. Any municipality which is a member of an existing authority may by vote of its legislative body elect to withdraw from such authority. Such withdrawal shall be effective only upon such terms and conditions as the authority may require and after compliance with the terms and conditions contained in any contracts between such municipality or the authority and the holders of any bonds of the authority. No such withdrawal shall relieve such municipality of any liability incurred by it as a member of the authority or as a user of any of its projects. (February, 1965, P.A. 460, S. 2; 1967, P.A. 810, S. 2.) History: 1967 act allowed authorities to be existing or newly created departments of municipalities and changed provisions accordingly.

Conn. Gen. Stat. § 7-130c Commission to exercise powers of authority. Transfer of authority to municipal department and vice versa.

7-130c. Commission to exercise powers of authority. Transfer of authority to municipal department and vice versa. (a) Except as provided in subsection (b) of this section, the powers of the authority shall be exercised by a commission which shall consist of not less than five nor more than nine members who shall be appointed by the legislative bodies of the participating municipalities and who shall be selected in the manner and for the terms provided by the ordinance creating the authority. The members of the commission shall elect one of their number chairman and shall elect a secretary and treasurer who need not be members of the commission. The offices of secretary and treasurer may be combined. A majority of the members of the commission shall constitute a quorum and the vote of a majority of such members shall be necessary for any action taken by the authority. No vacancy in the membership of the commission shall impair the right of a quorum to exercise all the rights and perform all the duties of the authority. The members of the commission shall be reimbursed for the amount of actual expenses incurred by them in the performance of their duties. The legislative bodies of the participating municipalities may provide for compensation of the members of the commission. (b) All the foregoing provisions of subsection (a) of this section shall not, however, apply in the event such authority is or becomes a municipal departmental unit as provided in section 7-130b, in which case the powers of the authority shall be exercised by said department in the usual and normal manner in which it functions as such a departmental unit of the municipality under the rules and regulations of said department and the ordinances and the charter of said municipality. (c) If an authority constituted as a municipal departmental unit in any municipality as provided in section 7-130b, is replaced by an authority operating through a commission, the ordinance establishing such succeeding authority may provide that the employees of such succeeding authority shall be deemed to be employees of such municipality for all purposes, and such municipality shall be deemed to be the employer for purposes of section 7-467; provided that such ordinance may provide that some or all of such employees of such succeeding authority shall not be subject to the classified civil service requirements of such municipality. (February, 1965, P.A. 460, S. 3; 1967, P.A. 810, S. 3; P.A. 78-376, S. 1, 6.) History: 1967 act added Subsec. (b) excepting authorities which are departments from provisions of Subsec. (a); P.A. 78-376 added Subsec. (c) re switch from department authority to commission authority.

Conn. Gen. Stat. § 7-130d Powers of authority.

7-130d. Powers of authority. Each authority shall be deemed to be an instrumentality exercising public and essential government functions to provide for the public health and welfare, and, except as provided in subsection (l) hereof, each such authority is authorized and empowered: (a) To have existence for such term of years as is specified by the participating municipalities; (b) to contract and be contracted with; to sue and be sued; to make and, from time to time, amend and repeal bylaws, rules and regulations not inconsistent with general law to carry out its purposes; and to adopt a corporate seal and alter the same at its pleasure; (c) to acquire, purchase, lease as lessee, construct, reconstruct, improve, extend, operate and maintain projects within or without any of the participating municipalities; and to acquire by gift or purchase lands or rights-in-land in connection therewith and to sell, lease as lessor, transfer or dispose of any property or interest therein acquired by it, at any time; (d) to lease all or any part of any project upon any such terms or conditions and for such term of years as it may deem advisable where, in the opinion of the authority, such leasing is for commercial uses related to the public uses of the project or unrelated to the public uses of the project but necessary and feasible for the financing or operation of the project; (e) to regulate the uses of all lands and facilities under control of the authority, subject to land use regulations of the municipality in which such lands or facilities are located; (f) to fix and revise from time to time and to charge and collect fees, rents and other charges for the use of any project or facilities thereof, and to establish and revise from time to time regulations in respect of the use, operation and occupancy of any such project or facilities thereof; (g) to enter into contracts with any participating municipality, the state or any political subdivision, agency or instrumentality thereof, any federal agency or any private corporation, copartnership, association or individual, providing for or relating to any project; (h) to accept grants and gifts from any participating municipality, the state or any political subdivision, agency or instrumentality thereof, any federal agency and from any private corporation, copartnership, association or individual; (i) to issue bonds and refunding bonds of the authority, such bonds to be payable solely from funds of the authority; (j) to make and enter into all contracts and agreements necessary or incidental to the performance and execution of its duties and the execution of its powers under sections 7-130a to 7-130w, inclusive, including a trust agreement or trust agreements securing any bonds or refunding bonds issued hereunder; (k) to do all acts and things necessary or convenient to carry out the powers granted by said sections; and (l) in the case of an authority being or becoming a municipal departmental unit as herein provided, the exercise of any of its powers shall be subject to the approval of the local legislative body. (February, 1965, P.A. 460, S. 4; 1967, P.A. 810, S. 4.) History: 1967 act added Subdiv. (l) re municipal department authorities.

Conn. Gen. Stat. § 7-130e Municipalities may grant property and money to authority.

7-130e. Municipalities may grant property and money to authority. Each participating municipality may (a) transfer jurisdiction over, lease, lend, grant or convey to the authority at its request, with or without consideration, such real or personal property as may be necessary or desirable to carry out the purposes of the authority, upon such terms and conditions as the legislative body of such municipality determines to be for its best interests; and (b) make appropriations and provide funds for any purpose of the authority, including the acquisition, construction, improvement and operation of any project or facilities thereof and payment of principal and interest on its indebtedness. (February, 1965, P.A. 460, S. 5.)

Conn. Gen. Stat. § 7-130f Operation of projects.

7-130f. Operation of projects. The authority may acquire or construct and maintain and operate any one or more projects under sections 7-130a to 7-130w, inclusive, in such manner as the authority may determine, and the authority may operate each project separately or it may operate one or more projects together. The authority shall have exclusive control over the revenues derived from its operations and may use revenues from one project in connection with any other project. No person, firm, association or corporation shall receive any profit or dividend from the revenues, earnings or other funds or assets of the authority other than for debts contracted, for services rendered, for materials and supplies furnished and for other value actually received by the authority. All of the foregoing provisions of this section are subject to the approval of the legislative body in those cases where the authority is or becomes a municipal departmental unit. (February, 1965, P.A. 460, S. 6; 1967, P.A. 810, S. 5.) History: 1967 act required approval of legislative body for actions taken by municipal department authorities.

Conn. Gen. Stat. § 7-130g Bond issues.

7-130g. Bond issues. (a) The authority may issue bonds from time to time in its discretion, subject to the approval of the legislative body when required by the provisions of sections 7-130a to 7-130w, inclusive, for the purpose of paying all or any part of the cost of acquiring, purchasing, constructing, reconstructing, improving or extending any project and acquiring necessary land and equipment therefor. The authority may issue such types of bonds as it may determine, including, without limiting the generality of the foregoing, bonds payable as to principal and interest: (1) From its revenues generally; (2) exclusively from the income and revenues of a particular project; or (3) exclusively from the income and revenues of certain designated projects, whether or not they are financed in whole or in part from the proceeds of such bonds. Any such bonds may be additionally secured by a pledge of any grant or contribution from a participating municipality, the state or any political subdivision, agency or instrumentality thereof, any federal agency or any private corporation, copartnership, association or individual, or a pledge of any income or revenues of the authority, or a mortgage on any project or other property of the authority. Whenever and for as long as any authority has issued and has outstanding bonds pursuant to sections 7-130a to 7-130w, inclusive, the authority shall fix, charge and collect rates, rents, fees and other charges in accordance with the second sentence of section 7-130i. Neither the commissioners of the authority nor any person executing the bonds shall be liable personally on the bonds by reason of the issuance thereof. The bonds and other obligations of the authority, and such bonds and obligations shall so state on their face, shall not be a debt of the state or any political subdivision thereof, except when the authority or a participating municipality which in accordance with section 7-130s has guaranteed payment of principal and of interest on the same, and no person other than the authority or such a public body shall be liable thereon, nor shall such bonds or obligations be payable out of any funds or properties other than those of the authority or such a participating municipality. Except to the extent and for the purpose therein expressly provided by other laws, such bonds shall not constitute an indebtedness within the meaning of any statutory limitation on the indebtedness of any participating municipality. Bonds of the authority are declared to be issued for an essential public and governmental purpose. In anticipation of the sale of such revenue bonds the authority may issue negotiable bond anticipation notes and may renew the same from time to time, but the maximum maturity of any such note, including renewals thereof, shall not exceed five years from the date of issue of the original note. Such notes shall be paid from any revenues of the authority available therefor and not otherwise pledged, or from the proceeds of sale of the revenue bonds of the authority in anticipation of which they were issued. The notes shall be issued in the same manner as the revenue bonds. Such notes and the resolution or resolutions authorizing the same may contain any provisions, conditions or limitations which a bond resolution of the authority may contain. (b) Bonds of the authority may be issued as serial bonds or as term bonds, or the authority, in its discretion, may issue bonds of both types. Bonds shall be authorized by resolution of the members of the authority and shall bear such date or dates, mature at such time or times, not exceeding fifty years from their respective dates, bear interest at such rate or rates, or have provisions for the manner of determining such rate or rates, payable at such time or times, be in such denominations, be in such form, either coupon or registered, carry such registration privileges, be executed in such manner, be payable in lawful money of the United States of America at such place or places, and be subject to such terms of redemption, as such resolution or resolutions may provide. The revenue bonds or notes may be sold at public or private sale for such price or prices as the authority shall determine. Pending preparation of the definitive bonds, the authority may issue interim receipts or certificates which shall be exchanged for such definitive bonds. (c) Any resolution or resolutions authorizing any revenue bonds or any issue of revenue bonds may contain provisions, which shall be a part of the contract with the holders of the revenue bonds to be authorized, as to: (1) Pledging all or any part of the revenues of a project or any revenue-producing contract or contracts made by the authority with any individual, partnership, corporation or association or other body, public or private, to secure the payment of the revenue bonds or of any particular issue of revenue bonds, subject to such agreements with bondholders as may then exist; (2) the rentals, fees and other charges to be charged, and the amounts to be raised in each year thereby, and the use and disposition of the revenues; (3) the setting aside of reserves or sinking funds or other funds or accounts as the authority may establish and the regulation and disposition thereof, including requirements that any such funds and accounts be held separate from or not be commingled with other funds of the authority; (4) limitations on the right of the authority or its agent to restrict and regulate the use of the project; (5) limitations on the purpose to which the proceeds of sale of any issue of revenue bonds then or thereafter to be issued may be applied and pledging such proceeds to secure the payment of the revenue bonds or any issue of the revenue bonds; (6) limitations on the issuance of additional bonds; the terms upon which additional bonds may be issued and secured; the refunding of outstanding bonds; (7) the procedure, if any, by which the terms of any contract with bondholders may be amended or abrogated, the amount of bonds the holders of which must consent thereto, and the manner in which such consent may be given; (8) limitations on the amount of moneys derived from the project to be expended for operating, administrative or other expenses of the authority; (9) defining the acts or omissions to act which shall constitute a default in the duties of the authority to holders of its obligations and providing the rights and remedies of such holders in the event of a default; (10) the mortgaging of a project and the site thereof for the purpose of securing the bondholders; and (11) provisions for the execution of reimbursement agreements or similar agreements in connection with credit facilities including but not limited to, letters of credit or policies of bond insurance, remarketing agreements and agreements for the purpose of moderating interest rate fluctuations. (d) If any officer whose signature or a facsimile of whose signature appears on any bonds or coupons ceases to be such officer before delivery of such bonds, such signature or such facsimile shall nevertheless be valid and sufficient for all purposes the same as if he had remained in office until such delivery. Notwithstanding any of the other provisions of sections 7-130a to 7-130w, inclusive, or any recitals in any bonds issued under the provisions of said sections, all such bonds shall be deemed to be negotiable instruments under the provisions of the general statutes. (e) Unless otherwise provided by the ordinance creating the authority, bonds may be issued under the provisions of sections 7-130a to 7-130w, inclusive, without obtaining the consent of any commission, board, bureau or agency of the state or of any political subdivision, and without any other proceedings or the happening of other conditions or things than those proceedings, conditions or things which are specifically required by said sections. (f) The authority shall have power out of any funds available therefor to purchase its bonds or notes. The authority may hold, pledge, cancel or resell such bonds, subject to and in accordance with agreements with bondholders. (g) An authority shall cause a copy of any bond resolution adopted by it to be filed for public inspection in its office and in the office of the clerk of each participating municipality and may thereupon cause to be published at least once in a newspaper published or circulating in each participating municipality a notice stating the fact and date of such adoption and the places where such bond resolution has been so filed for public inspection and also the date of the first publication of such notice and also stating that any action or proceeding of any kind or nature in any court questioning the validity or proper authorization of bonds provided for by the bond resolution, or the validity of any covenants, agreements or contracts provided for by the bond resolution, shall be commenced within twenty days after the first publication of such notice. If any such notice is published and if no action or proceeding questioning the validity or proper authorization of bonds provided for by the bond resolution referred to in such notice, or the validity of any covenants, agreements or contracts provided for by the bond resolution is commenced or instituted within twenty days after the first publication of said notice, then all residents and taxpayers and owners of property in each participating municipality and all other persons shall be forever barred and foreclosed from instituting or commencing any action or proceeding in any court, or from pleading any defense to any action or proceeding, questioning the validity or proper authorization of such bonds, or the validity of such covenants, agreements or contracts, and said bonds, covenants, agreements and contracts shall be conclusively deemed to be valid and binding obligations in accordance with their terms and tenor. (February, 1965, P.A. 460, S. 7, 8; 1967, P.A. 810, S. 6, 7, 8; 1969, P.A. 424, S. 1; P.A. 85-543, S. 2, 7; P.A. 06-196, S. 37.) History: 1967 act required approval of legislative body for bonds issued by authorities which are municipal departments, required authority to “fix, charge and collect” various rates, rents, fees etc. and amended other provisions of Subsec. (a) to reflect municipal obligations re bonds of department authorities, added exception to provisions in Subsec. (e) and added Subsec. (g) re notice; 1969 act amended Subsec. (b) to remove 6% interest limit; P.A. 85-543 amended Subsec. (b) to allow for rates not determined at the time of authorization and amended Subsec. (c) concerning the manner of holding funds' execution of reimbursement agreements; P.A. 06-196 made a technical change in Subsec. (a), effective June 7, 2006.

Conn. Gen. Stat. § 7-130h Securing of bonds.

7-130h. Securing of bonds. In the discretion of the authority any bonds issued under the provisions of sections 7-130a to 7-130w, inclusive, may be secured by a trust indenture by way of conveyance, deed of trust or mortgage of any project or any other property of the authority, whether or not financed in whole or in part from the proceeds of such bonds, or by a trust agreement by and between the authority and a corporate trustee, which may be any trust company or bank having the powers of a trust company within or without the state or by both such conveyance, deed of trust or mortgage and indenture or trust agreement. Such trust indenture or agreement may pledge or assign any or all fees, rents and other charges to be received or proceeds of any contract or contracts pledged, and may convey or mortgage any property of the authority. Such trust indenture or agreement may contain such provisions for protecting and enforcing the rights and remedies of the bondholders as may be reasonable and proper and not in violation of law, including particularly such provisions as have hereinabove been specifically authorized to be included in any resolution or resolutions of the authority authorizing the issue of bonds. Any bank or trust company incorporated under the laws of the state may act as depository of the proceeds of such bonds or of revenues or other moneys and may furnish such indemnifying bonds or pledge such securities as may be required by the authority. Such trust indenture may set forth the rights and remedies of the bondholders and of the trustee, and may restrict the individual right of action by bondholders. In addition to the foregoing, such trust indenture or agreement may contain such other provisions as the authority may deem reasonable and proper for the security of the bondholders. All expenses incurred in carrying out the provisions of such trust indenture or agreement may be treated as a part of the cost of a project. (February, 1965, P.A. 460, S. 9; 1967, P.A. 810, S. 9.) History: 1967 act substituted reference to Sec. 7-130w for reference to Sec. 7-130n.

Conn. Gen. Stat. § 7-130i Rates, rents, fees and charges.

7-130i. Rates, rents, fees and charges. The authority is authorized to fix, revise, charge and collect rates, rents, fees and charges for the use of and for the services furnished or to be furnished by each project and to contract with any person, partnership, association or corporation, or other body, public or private, in respect thereof. Such rates, rents, fees and charges shall be fixed and adjusted in respect of the aggregate of rates, rents, fees and charges from such project so as to provide funds sufficient with other revenues, if any, (1) to pay the cost of maintaining, repairing and operating the project and each and every portion thereof, to the extent that the payment of such cost has not otherwise been adequately provided for, (2) to pay the principal of and the interest on outstanding revenue bonds of the authority issued in respect of such project as the same shall become due and payable, and (3) to create and maintain reserves required or provided for in any resolution authorizing, or trust agreement securing, such revenue bonds of the authority. Such rates, rents, fees and charges shall not be subject to supervision or regulation by any department, commission, board, body, bureau or agency of this state other than the authority. A sufficient amount of the revenues derived in respect of a project, except such part of such revenues as may be necessary to pay the cost of maintenance, repair and operation and to provide reserves and for renewals, replacements, extensions, enlargements and improvements as may be provided for in the resolution authorizing the issuance of any revenue bonds of the authority or in the trust agreement securing the same, shall be set aside at such regular intervals as may be provided in such resolution or trust agreement in a sinking or other similar fund which is hereby pledged to, and charged with, the payment of the principal of and the interest on such revenue bonds as the same shall become due, and the redemption price or the purchase price of bonds retired by call or purchase as therein provided. Such pledge shall be valid and binding from the time when the pledge is made; the rates, rents, fees and charges and other revenues or other moneys so pledged and thereafter received by the authority shall immediately be subject to the lien of such pledge without any physical delivery thereof or further act, and the lien of any such pledge shall be valid and binding as against all parties having claims of any kind in tort, contract or otherwise against the authority, irrespective of whether such parties have notice thereof. Neither the resolution nor any trust indenture or agreement by which a pledge is created need be filed or recorded except in the records of the authority. The use and disposition of moneys to the credit of such sinking or other similar fund shall be subject to the provisions of the resolution authorizing the issuance of such bonds or of such trust agreement. Except as may otherwise be provided in such resolution or such trust indenture or agreement, such sinking or other similar fund shall be a fund for all such revenue bonds issued to finance projects of such authority without distinction or priority of one over another. (February, 1965, P.A. 460, S. 10.)

Conn. Gen. Stat. § 7-130j Use of receipts.

7-130j. Use of receipts. All moneys received pursuant to the authority of sections 7-130a to 7-130w, inclusive, whether as proceeds from the sale of bonds or as revenues, shall be deemed to be trust funds to be held and applied solely as provided in said sections. (February, 1965, P.A. 460, S. 11.)

Conn. Gen. Stat. § 7-130k Enforcement of rights of bondholders and trustees.

7-130k. Enforcement of rights of bondholders and trustees. Any holder of bonds, notes, certificates or other evidences of borrowing issued under the provisions of sections 7-130a to 7-130w, inclusive, or of any of the coupons appertaining thereto, and the trustee under any trust indenture or agreement, except to the extent the rights herein given may be restricted by such trust indenture or agreement, may, either at law or in equity, by suit, action, injunction, mandamus or other proceedings, protect and enforce any and all rights under the provisions of the general statutes or granted by said sections or under such trust indenture or agreement or the resolution authorizing the issuance of such bonds, notes or certificates, and may enforce and compel the performance of all duties required by said sections or by such trust indenture or agreement or resolution to be performed by the authority or by any officer or agent thereof, including the fixing, charging and collection of fees, rents and other charges. (February, 1965, P.A. 460, S. 12.)

Conn. Gen. Stat. § 7-130l Tax exemption.

7-130l. Tax exemption. The exercise of the powers granted by sections 7-130a to 7-130w, inclusive, shall be in all respects for the benefit of the inhabitants of the state, for the increase of their commerce and for the promotion of their safety, health, welfare, convenience and prosperity, and as the operation and maintenance of any project which the authority is authorized to undertake constitute the performance of an essential governmental function, no authority shall be required to pay any taxes or assessments upon any project acquired and constructed by it under the provisions of said sections; and the bonds, notes, certificates or other evidences of debt issued under the provisions of said sections, their transfer and the income therefrom, including any profit made on the sale thereof, shall at all times be free and exempt from taxation by the state and by any political subdivision thereof. (February, 1965, P.A. 460, S. 13.)

Conn. Gen. Stat. § 7-130m Bonds to be legal investments.

7-130m. Bonds to be legal investments. Bonds issued by the authority under the provisions of sections 7-130a to 7-130w, inclusive, shall be securities in which all public officers and public bodies of the state and its political subdivisions, all insurance companies, trust companies, banking associations, investment companies and executors, administrators, trustees and other fiduciaries may properly and legally invest funds, including capital in their control or belonging to them. Such bonds shall be securities which may properly and legally be deposited with and received by any state or municipal officer or any agency or political subdivision of the state for any purpose for which the deposit of bonds or obligations is now or may hereafter be authorized by law. (February, 1965, P.A. 460, S. 14.)

Conn. Gen. Stat. § 7-130o Municipal powers to aid authority.

7-130o. Municipal powers to aid authority. For the purpose of aiding an authority and cooperating in the planning, undertaking, acquisition, construction or operation of any public facility, any municipality may (a) acquire real property in its name for such public facility or for the widening of existing roads, streets, parkways, avenues or highways or for new roads, streets, parkways, avenues or highways to any such public facility, or partly for such purposes and partly for other municipal purposes, by purchase or condemnation in the manner provided by law for the acquisition of real property by such municipality, (b) furnish, dedicate, close, vacate, pave, install, grade, regrade, plan or replan parks, streets, roads, roadways, alleys, sidewalks or other places which it is otherwise empowered to undertake, and (c) do any and all things necessary or convenient to aid and cooperate in the planning, undertaking, construction or operation of any such public facility, and cause services to be furnished to the authority of any character which such municipality is otherwise empowered to furnish, and to incur the entire expense thereof. (1967, P.A. 810, S. 11.)

Conn. Gen. Stat. § 7-130p Provision of property to authority.

7-130p. Provision of property to authority. Any municipality, by ordinance, and any other governmental unit is empowered, without any referendum or public or competitive bidding, and any person is empowered, to sell, lease, lend, grant or convey to an authority, or to permit an authority to use, maintain or operate as part of any public facility, any real or personal property which may be necessary or useful and convenient for the purposes of the authority and accepted by the authority. Any such sale, lease, loan, grant, conveyance or permit may be made or given with or without consideration and for a specified or an unlimited period of time and under any agreement and on any terms and conditions which may be approved by such municipality, governmental unit or person and which may be agreed to by the authority in conformity with its contracts with the holders of any bonds. Subject to any such contracts with the holders of bonds, the authority may enter into and perform any and all agreements with respect to property so purchased, leased, borrowed, received or accepted by it, including agreements for the assumption of principal or interest or both of indebtedness of such municipality, governmental unit or person or of any mortgage or lien existing with respect to such property or for the operation and maintenance of such property as part of any public facility. (1967, P.A. 810, S. 12.)

Conn. Gen. Stat. § 7-130q Lease of facilities.

7-130q. Lease of facilities. Any municipality, governmental unit or person is empowered to enter into and perform any lease or other agreement with an authority for the lease to or use by such municipality, governmental unit or person of all or any part of any public facility or facilities. Any such lease or other agreement may provide for the payment to the authority by such municipality, governmental unit or person, annually or otherwise, of such sum or sums of money, computed at fixed amounts or by any formula or in any other manner, as may be so fixed or computed. Any such lease or other agreement may be made and entered into for a term beginning currently or at some future or contingent date and with or without consideration and for a specified or unlimited time and on any terms and conditions which may be approved by such municipality, governmental unit or person and which may be agreed to by the authority in conformity with its contracts with the holders of any bonds, and shall be valid and binding on such municipality, governmental unit or person whether or not an appropriation is made thereby prior to authorization or execution of such lease or other agreement. Every such municipality, governmental unit or person shall do all acts and things necessary, convenient or desirable to carry out and perform any such lease or other agreement entered into by it and to provide for the payment or discharge of any obligation thereunder in the same manner as other obligations of such municipality, governmental unit or person. (1967, P.A. 810, S. 13.)

Conn. Gen. Stat. § 7-130r Financial aid by municipality.

7-130r. Financial aid by municipality. For the purpose of aiding an authority and cooperating in the planning, undertaking, acquisition, construction or operation of any public facility, any municipality, by ordinance or by resolution of its legislative body, shall have power from time to time and for such period and upon such terms, with or without consideration, as may be provided by such resolution or ordinance and accepted by the authority, (a) to appropriate moneys for the purposes of the authority, and to loan or donate such money to the authority in such installments and upon such terms as may be agreed upon with the authority, (b) to covenant and agree with the authority to pay to or on the order of the authority annually or at shorter intervals as a subsidy for the promotion of its purposes not more than such sums of money as may be stated in such resolution or ordinance or computed in accordance therewith, (c) upon authorization by it in accordance with law of the performance of any act or thing which it is empowered by law to authorize and perform and after appropriation of the moneys, if any, necessary for such performance, to covenant and agree with the authority to do and perform such act or thing and as to the time, manner and other details of its doing and performance, and (d) to appropriate money for all or any part of the cost of acquisition or construction of such public facility, and, in accordance with the limitations and any exceptions thereto and in accordance with procedure prescribed by law, to incur indebtedness, borrow money and issue its negotiable bonds for the purpose of financing such public facility and appropriation, and to pay the proceeds of such bonds to the authority. (1967, P.A. 810, S. 14.)

Conn. Gen. Stat. § 7-130s Municipal guarantee of authority bonds.

7-130s. Municipal guarantee of authority bonds. For the purpose of aiding an authority in the planning, undertaking, acquisition, construction or operation of any public facility, any participating municipality may, pursuant to resolution adopted by its legislative body in the manner provided for adoption of a resolution authorizing bonds of such municipality and with or without consideration and upon such terms and conditions as may be agreed to by and between the municipality and the authority, unconditionally guarantee the punctual payment of the principal of and interest on any bonds of the authority and pledge the full faith and credit of the municipality to the payment thereof. Any guaranty of bonds of an authority made pursuant to this section shall be evidenced by endorsement thereof on such bonds, executed in the name of the municipality and on its behalf by such officer thereof as may be designated in the resolution authorizing such guaranty, and such municipality shall thereupon and thereafter be obligated to pay the principal of and interest on said bonds in the same manner and to the same extent as in the case of bonds issued by it. As part of the guarantee of the municipality for payment of principal and interest on the bonds, the municipality may pledge to and agree with the owners of bonds issued under this chapter and with those persons who may enter into contracts with the municipality or the authority or any successor agency pursuant to the provisions of this chapter that it will not limit or alter the rights thereby vested in the bondowners, the authority or any contracting party until such bonds, together with the interest thereon, are fully met and discharged and such contracts are fully performed on the part of the municipality or the authority, provided nothing in this subsection shall preclude such limitation or alteration if and when adequate provision shall be made by law for the protection of the owners of such bonds of the municipality or the authority or those entering into such contracts with the municipality or the authority. The authority is authorized to include this pledge and undertaking for the municipality in such bonds or contracts. To the extent provided in such agreement or agreements, the obligations of the municipality thereunder shall be obligatory upon the municipality and the inhabitants and property thereof, and thereafter the municipality shall appropriate in each year during the term of such agreement, and there shall be available on or before the date when the same are payable, an amount of money which, together with other revenue available for such purpose, shall be sufficient to pay such principal and interest guaranteed by it and payable thereunder in that year, and there shall be included in the tax levy for each such year an amount which, together with other revenues available for such purpose, shall be sufficient to meet such appropriation. Any such agreement shall be valid, binding and enforceable against the municipality if approved by action of the legislative body of such municipality. Any such guaranty of bonds of an authority may be made, and any resolution authorizing such guaranty may be adopted, notwithstanding any statutory debt or other limitations, but the principal amount of bonds so guaranteed shall, after their issuance, be included in the gross debt of such municipality for the purpose of determining the indebtedness of such municipality under subsection (b) of section 7-374. The principal amount of bonds so guaranteed and included in gross debt shall be deducted and is declared to be and to constitute a deduction from such gross debt under and for all the purposes of said subsection (b) of section 7-374, (a) from and after the time of issuance of said bonds until the end of the fiscal year beginning next after the completion of acquisition and construction of the public facility to be financed from the proceeds of such bonds and (b) during any subsequent fiscal year if the revenues of the authority in the preceding fiscal year are sufficient to pay its expenses of operation and maintenance in such year and all amounts payable in such year on account of the principal and interest on all such guaranteed bonds, all bonds of the municipality issued as provided in section 7-130r, and all bonds of the authority issued under section 7-130g. (1967, P.A. 810, S. 15; 1969, P.A. 783; P.A. 85-543, S. 3, 7.) History: 1969 act specified that deduction holds until end of fiscal year beginning after completion of acquisition “and” construction rather than year beginning after completion of acquisition “or” construction of facility in Subdiv. (a) and clarified Subdiv. (b); P.A. 85-543 inserted provisions concerning municipal pledges of full faith and credit, limitation and alteration of right of bondholders and payment of municipal pledges.

Conn. Gen. Stat. § 7-130t Pledge or assignment of lease to secure bonds.

7-130t. Pledge or assignment of lease to secure bonds. Any lease or other agreement, and any instruments making or evidencing the same, may be pledged or assigned by the authority to secure its bonds and thereafter may not be modified except as provided by the terms of such instrument or by the terms of such pledge or assignment. (1967, P.A. 810, S. 16.)

Conn. Gen. Stat. § 7-130u Exemption of property from levy and sale by virtue of execution.

7-130u. Exemption of property from levy and sale by virtue of execution. All property of an authority shall be exempt from levy and sale by virtue of an execution and no execution or other judicial process shall issue against the same nor shall any judgment against an authority be a charge or lien upon its property; provided nothing herein contained shall apply to or limit the rights of the holder of any bonds to pursue any remedy for the enforcement of any pledge or lien given by an authority on its facility revenues or other moneys. (1967, P.A. 810, S. 17.)

Conn. Gen. Stat. § 7-130v Payment by authority of sums in lieu of taxes.

7-130v. Payment by authority of sums in lieu of taxes. Every authority and every municipality in which any property of the authority is located may enter into agreements with respect to the payment by the authority to such municipality of annual sums of money in lieu of taxes on such property in such amounts as may be agreed upon between the authority and the municipality, and each such authority may make, and each such municipality is empowered to accept, such payments and to apply them in the manner in which taxes may be applied in such municipality; provided no such annual payment with respect to any parcel of such property shall exceed the amount of taxes paid thereon for the taxable year immediately prior to the time of its acquisition by the authority. (1967, P.A. 810, S. 18.)

Conn. Gen. Stat. § 7-130w Construction of statutes. Consent of other agencies not required.

7-130w. Construction of statutes. Consent of other agencies not required. Sections 7-130a to 7-130w, inclusive, shall constitute full and complete authority, without regard to the provisions of any other law, for the doing of the acts and things therein authorized and shall be liberally construed to effect the purposes hereof, provided the ordinance creating the authority may include limitations on the powers and procedures of the authority. Unless otherwise provided in such ordinance, neither the consent nor approval of any planning commission, regional council of governments, historic district commission, municipal or regional economic development commission or any other board, body or commission established or created before or after July 1, 1965, shall be required for the exercise of the powers conferred by said sections; provided no project shall be constructed in any municipality if it is inconsistent with the plan of conservation and development for the municipality adopted pursuant to section 8-23, except with the approval of the planning commission of such municipality. (1967, P.A. 810, S. 19; P.A. 95-335, S. 11, 26; P.A. 13-247, S. 267.) History: P.A. 95-335 replaced “plan of development” with “plan of conservation and development”, effective July 1, 1995; P.A. 13-247 substituted “council of governments” for “planning agency”, effective January 1, 2015.

Conn. Gen. Stat. § 7-131 Municipal forests. Public shade trees.

7-131. Municipal forests. Public shade trees. (a) The legislative body of any town, city or borough may vote to establish a municipal forest for the purpose of raising timber, protecting water supplies, providing opportunities for outdoor recreation or employment of relief labor. For such forest such town, city or borough may appropriate money and purchase land, accept land or money by gift or bequest and allocate any land to which it holds title and which is suitable for the production of timber. (b) The management and care of such forest shall be in charge of a forest commission of three members, to be appointed by such legislative body, one member to serve for three years, one for two years and one for one year, from the date of appointment. At the expiration of the term of office of each member, his successor shall be appointed in like manner for a term of three years. Such commission shall choose its chairman, shall serve without compensation and shall make an annual report to the town, city or borough and to the State Forester. (c) Upon the establishment by a town, city or borough of a forest, the Commissioner of Energy and Environmental Protection may, upon application in such form as he prescribes, furnish such town, city or borough with stock for the planting of the land contained in such forest. (d) The legislative body of any town, city or borough may vote to assign to its forest commission or, in the absence of a forest commission, to a shade tree commission, to be constituted and appointed in the manner provided for in subsection (b) of this section for a forest commission, the supervision of public shade trees within such town, city or borough not under the supervision of the Commissioner of Transportation including the appointment of the town tree warden and the supervision of the town tree warden's work. (1949 Rev., S. 647; 1957, P.A. 13, S. 15; P.A. 10-32, S. 14; P.A. 11-80, S. 1.) History: P.A. 10-32 made technical changes in Subsec. (d), effective May 10, 2010; pursuant to P.A. 11-80, “Commissioner of Environmental Protection” was changed editorially by the Revisors to “Commissioner of Energy and Environmental Protection” in Subsec. (c), effective July 1, 2011.

Conn. Gen. Stat. § 7-131a Conservation commissions.

7-131a. Conservation commissions. (a) Any town, city or borough, by vote of its legislative body, may establish a conservation commission for the development, conservation, supervision and regulation of natural resources, including water resources, within its territorial limits. The commission shall consist of not fewer than three nor more than eleven members and not more than three alternates, to be appointed by the chief executive officer of the municipality, to serve for terms to be designated by the legislative body establishing the commission. Such alternate members shall, when seated, have all the powers and duties of a member of the commission. The chief executive officer may remove any member or alternate for cause and may fill any vacancy. (b) A conservation commission shall conduct research into the utilization and possible utilization of land areas of the municipality and may coordinate the activities of unofficial bodies organized for similar purposes, and may advertise, prepare and distribute books, maps, charts, plans and pamphlets as necessary for its purposes. It may propose a greenways plan for inclusion in the plan of conservation and development of the municipality prepared pursuant to section 8-23. It may inventory natural resources and formulate watershed management and drought management plans. Such plans shall be consistent with water supply management plans prepared pursuant to section 25-32d. It shall keep an index of all open areas, publicly or privately owned, including open marshlands, swamps and other wetlands, for the purpose of obtaining information on the proper use of such areas, and may from time to time recommend to the planning commission or, if none, to the chief executive officer or the legislative body plans and programs for the development and use of such areas. It may make recommendations to zoning commissions, planning commissions, inland wetlands agencies and other municipal agencies on proposed land use changes. It may, with the approval of such legislative body, acquire land and easements in the name of the municipality and promulgate rules and regulations, including but not limited to the establishment of reasonable charges for the use of land and easements, for any of its purposes as set out in this section. It may supervise and manage municipally-owned open space or park property upon delegation of such authority by the entity which has supervisory or management responsibilities for such space or property. It shall keep records of its meetings and activities and shall make an annual report to the municipality in the manner required of other agencies of the respective municipalities. The commission may receive gifts in the name of the municipality for any of its purposes and shall administer the same for such purposes subject to the terms of the gift. (c) A commission may exchange information with the Commissioner of Energy and Environmental Protection, and said commissioner may, on request, assign technical personnel to a commission for assistance in planning its overall program and for coordinating state and local conservation activities. (d) Any town, city or borough may appropriate funds to such commission. (1961, P.A. 310; 1963, P.A. 490, S. 7; 1969, P.A. 284, S. 1; 1971, P.A. 872, S. 403; P.A. 73-293; P.A. 79-84; P.A. 93-270; P.A. 95-335, S. 10, 26; P.A. 11-80, S. 1.) History: 1963 act amended Subsec. (b) to provide for making recommendations to the planning commission only, if one exists, rather than to the chief executive, legislative body or planning commission; 1969 act included supervision and regulation of resources in duties of conservation commission, required approval of legislative body for acquisition of land and easements and gave power to make regulations, including charges for use of land and easements; 1971 act substituted commissioner of environmental protection for commissioner of agriculture and natural resources in Subsec. (c); P.A. 73-293 changed maximum number of commission members from seven to eleven in Subsec. (a); P.A. 79-84 added provisions for alternate members in Subsec. (a); P.A. 93-270 amended Subsec. (b) to add provisions authorizing commissions to inventory natural resources, formulate watershed management and drought management plans and to make recommendations on proposed land use changes and to supervise and manage municipal open space or park property; P.A. 95-335 amended Subsec. (b) to authorize the commission to propose a greenways plan to be included in the municipal plan of conservation and development, effective July 1, 1995; pursuant to P.A. 11-80, “Commissioner of Environmental Protection” was changed editorially by the Revisors to “Commissioner of Energy and Environmental Protection” in Subsec. (c), effective July 1, 2011.

Conn. Gen. Stat. § 7-131b Acquisition of open space land and easements. Revaluation of property subject to easement.

7-131b. Acquisition of open space land and easements. Revaluation of property subject to easement. (a) Any municipality may, by vote of its legislative body, by purchase, condemnation, gift, devise, lease or otherwise, acquire any land in any area designated as an area of open space land on any plan of development of a municipality adopted by its planning commission or any easements, interest or rights therein and enter into covenants and agreements with owners of such open space land or interests therein to maintain, improve, protect, limit the future use of or otherwise conserve such open space land. (b) Any owner who encumbers his property by conveying a less than fee interest to any municipality under subsection (a) of this section shall, upon written application to the assessor or board of assessors of the municipality, be entitled to a revaluation of such property to reflect the existence of such encumbrance, effective with respect to the next-succeeding assessment list of such municipality. Any such owner shall be entitled to such revaluation, notwithstanding the fact that he conveyed such less than fee interest prior to October 1, 1971, provided no such revaluation shall be effective retroactively. (c) Any owner aggrieved by a revaluation under subsection (b) of this section may appeal to the board of assessment appeals in accordance with the provisions of sections 12-111 and 12-112 and may appeal from the decision of the board of assessment appeals in accordance with the provisions of section 12-117a. (1963, P.A. 490, S. 6; 1971, P.A. 73; P.A. 95-283, S. 24, 68.) History: 1971 act added Subsecs. (b) and (c) re revaluation of property; P.A. 95-283 amended Subsec. (c) to replace board of tax review with board of assessment appeals and made technical changes, effective July 6, 1995.

Conn. Gen. Stat. § 7-131d Protected open space and watershed land acquisition grant program: Purposes; criteria; conditions. Charter Oak open space grant program: Criteria; conditions.

7-131d. Protected open space and watershed land acquisition grant program: Purposes; criteria; conditions. Charter Oak open space grant program: Criteria; conditions. (a) There is established the protected open space and watershed land acquisition grant program. The program shall provide grants to municipalities and nonprofit land conservation organizations to acquire land or permanent interests in land for open space and watershed protection and to water companies, as defined in section 25-32a, to acquire and protect land which is eligible to be classified as class I or class II land, as defined in section 25-37c, after acquisition. All lands or interests in land acquired under this program shall be preserved in perpetuity predominantly in their natural scenic and open condition for the protection of natural resources while allowing for recreation consistent with such protection and, for lands acquired by water companies, allowing for the improvements necessary for the protection or provision of potable water. (b) Grants may be made under the protected open space and watershed land acquisition grant program established under subsection (a) of this section or under the Charter Oak open space grant program established under section 7-131t to match funds for the purchase of land or permanent interests in land which purchase meets one of the following criteria: (1) Protects land identified as being especially valuable for recreation, forestry, fishing, conservation of wildlife or natural resources; (2) protects land which includes or contributes to a prime natural feature of the state's landscape, including, but not limited to, a shoreline, a river, its tributaries and watershed, an aquifer, mountainous territory, ridgelines, an inland or coastal wetland, a significant littoral or estuarine or aquatic site or other important geological feature; (3) protects habitat for native plant or animal species listed as threatened or endangered or of special concern, as defined in section 26-304; (4) protects a relatively undisturbed outstanding example of a native ecological community which is now uncommon; (5) enhances and conserves water quality of the state's lakes, rivers and coastal water; (6) preserves local agricultural heritage; or (7) in the case of grants to water companies, protects land which is eligible to be classified as class I land or class II land after acquisition. (c) Grants may be made under the protected open space and watershed land acquisition grant program established under subsection (a) of this section for restoration or protection of natural features or habitats of, or for repurposing for urban agricultural use on, open space already owned by a (1) distressed municipality, as defined in section 32-9p, (2) targeted investment community, as defined in section 32-222, (3) municipality, provided such open space is located in an environmental justice community, as defined in section 22a-20a, or (4) nonprofit land conservation organization, provided such open space is located in a distressed municipality, targeted investment community or environmental justice community. Such restoration or protection may include, but need not be limited to, (A) wetland, wildlife or plant habitat restoration or restoration of other sites to a more natural condition, (B) urban agricultural use, or (C) replacement of vegetation. The total amount of grants made pursuant to this subsection shall not exceed twenty per cent of the total amount of grants made pursuant to the open space and watershed land acquisition grant program in any fiscal year. (d) (1) Except as provided in subdivision (2) of this subsection, no grant may be made under the protected open space and watershed land acquisition grant program established under subsection (a) of this section or under the Charter Oak open space grant program established under section 7-131t for: (A) Land to be used for commercial purposes or for recreational purposes requiring intensive development, including, but not limited to, golf courses, driving ranges, tennis courts, ballfields, swimming pools and uses by motorized vehicles other than vehicles needed by water companies to carry out their purposes, provided trails or pathways for pedestrians, motorized wheelchairs or nonmotorized vehicles shall not be considered intensive development; (B) land with environmental contamination over a significant portion of the property provided grants for land requiring remediation of environmental contamination may be made if remediation will be completed before acquisition of the land or any interest in the land and an environmental assessment approved by the Commissioner of Energy and Environmental Protection has been completed and no environmental use restriction applies to the land; (C) land which has already been committed for public use, except as provided in subsection (c) of section 7-131g; (D) development costs, including, but not limited to, construction of ballfields, tennis courts, parking lots or roadways; (E) land to be acquired by eminent domain; or (F) reimbursement of in-kind services or incidental expenses associated with the acquisition of land. This subsection shall not prohibit the continuation of agricultural activity, the activities of a water company for public water supply purposes or the selling of timber incidental to management of the land which management is in accordance with approved forest management practices provided any proceeds of such timber sales shall be used for management of the land. In the case of land acquired under this section which is designated as a state park, any fees charged by the state for use of such land shall be used by the state in accordance with the provisions of title 23. (2) Grants in a total amount not exceeding five per cent of the total amount of grants made pursuant to the open space and watershed land acquisition grant program in any fiscal year may be made to distressed municipalities, as defined in section 32-9p, targeted investment communities, as defined in section 32-222, nonprofit land conservation organizations and municipalities, for the purpose of reimbursement for in-kind services or incidental expenses associated with the acquisition of land, including, but not limited to, survey fees, appraisal costs and legal fees, provided such land is located in a distressed municipality, targeted investment community or environmental justice community, as defined in section 22a-20a. (e) Any municipality or group of contiguous municipalities may apply to the Commissioner of Energy and Environmental Protection for a grant-in-aid of a program established to preserve or restrict to conservation or recreation purposes the use of open space land. Such grant shall be used for the acquisition of land, or easements, interests or rights therein, or for the development of such land, or easements, interests or rights therein, for purposes set forth in this section, or both, in accordance with a plan of development adopted by the municipal planning commission of the municipality within which the land is located. Any application for a grant-in-aid relating to land located beyond the territorial limits of the applying municipality shall be subject to approval of the legislative body of the municipality within whose territorial limits the land is located. A municipality applying for aid under this section, may designate its conservation commission as its agent to make such application. (f) At closing, a permanent conservation easement, as defined in section 47-42, shall be executed for any property purchased with grant funds, which conservation easement shall provide that the property shall remain forever predominantly in its natural and open condition for the specific conservation, open space or water supply purposes for which it was acquired provided any improvements or changes to the property shall be supportive of such condition or purposes. The permanent conservation easement shall be in favor of the state acting through the Commissioner of Energy and Environmental Protection, or his designee, which may be a municipality or a land conservation organization. In the case of land acquired for water supply protection, a water company may hold an easement in conjunction with the state or a nonprofit entity to protect the water supply. Such permanent conservation easement shall also include a requirement that the property be made available to the general public for appropriate recreational purposes, the maintenance of which recreational access shall be the responsibility of the grantee provided such access shall not be required for land which will be classified as class I or class II land by a water company if such access is inconsistent with the provision of pure drinking water to the public. An exception to the provision of public recreational access may be made at the discretion of the Commissioner of Energy and Environmental Protection when provision for public access would be unreasonably detrimental to the wildlife or plant habitat or other natural features of the property or, for land where development rights have been purchased, would be disruptive of agricultural activity occurring on the land. Any instrument conveying an interest in land less than fee which interest is purchased under this section shall provide for the permanent preservation of the land and public access consistent with the land's use or protection and with any restrictions prescribed by the Department of Public Health in order to protect a public drinking water source. (1963, P.A. 649, S. 2; February, 1965, P.A. 367, S. 1; 1971, P.A. 842, S. 2; 872, S. 404; P.A. 78-359, S. 1, 8; P.A. 98-157, S. 3, 15; P.A. 00-203, S. 3, 11; P.A. 01-195, S. 106, 181; June Sp. Sess. P.A. 09-3, S. 468; P.A. 11-80, S. 1; P.A. 23-196, S. 11; P.A. 24-69, S. 9; P.A. 25-125, S. 16.) History: 1965 act added requirement that grant-in-aid application concerning land beyond municipality's territory be approved by municipality where land lies and specified plan of development be in accordance with plan adopted by planning commission of municipality within which land is located, deleting restriction that municipalities may apply only for grant involving the use of land in their own towns; 1971 acts included improvement of land, easements, etc. for purposes of Sec. 7-131c in uses of grants and substituted commissioner of environmental protection for council on agriculture and natural resources; P.A. 78-359 substituted use of grants for “development” rather than “improvement” of land, easements, etc; P.A. 98-157 added new provisions as Subsecs. (a) to (c), inclusive, and (e) re the protected open space and watershed land acquisition grant program and designated existing provisions as Subsec. (d), effective July 1, 1998; P.A. 00-203 amended Subsec. (b) by applying certain provisions to charter oak open space grant program and amended Subsec. (c) by applying provisions to charter oak open space grant program and adding exception in Subdiv. (1) for vehicles used by water companies and for motorized wheelchairs, effective July 1, 2000; P.A. 01-195 deleted “account” following “the charter oak open space grant program” in Subsecs. (b) and (c), effective July 11, 2001; June Sp. Sess. P.A. 09-3 amended Subsec. (c) by deleting reference to Sec. 22a-27h; pursuant to P.A. 11-80, “Commissioner of Environmental Protection” was changed editorially by the Revisors to “Commissioner of Energy and Environmental Protection”, effective July 1, 2011; P.A. 23-196 amended Subsec. (c) to add exception as provided in Subsec. (c) of Sec. 7-131g, effective June 29, 2023; P.A. 24-69 amended Subsec. (b) to delete reference to authority of commissioner to issue grants to distressed municipality for open space already owned by municipality, added new Subsec. (c) re authority for issuance of grants to certain municipalities for land already owned by such municipality, redesignated existing Subsec. (c) as new Subsec. (d) and therein designated existing provisions as new Subdiv. (1), redesignated existing Subdivs. (1) to (6) and Subparas. (A) to (F) and added new Subdiv. (2) re grants to certain municipalities for in-kind services related to the acquisition of land and redesignated existing Subsecs. (d) and (e) as Subsecs. (e) and (f), effective July 1, 2024; P.A. 25-125 amended Subsec. (c) to add references to urban agricultural use, effective July 1, 2025.

Conn. Gen. Stat. § 7-131e Decisions of commissioner re grants. Administrative expenses. Review board. Report. Account.

7-131e. Decisions of commissioner re grants. Administrative expenses. Review board. Report. Account. (a) Grant award decisions under the protected open space and watershed land acquisition grant program established under section 7-131d or under the Charter Oak open space grant program established under section 7-131t shall be made by the Commissioner of Energy and Environmental Protection at least semiannually. All complete and eligible grant applications shall be acted upon by the commissioner as soon as practicable. A single project may receive a grant in more than one grant cycle, subject to future availability of funds and subject to the limitations set forth in this section and sections 23-78, 12-498 and 7-131d. Up to five per cent of the grant funds may be used for administrative expenses including, but not limited to: (1) Contractors to assist the Department of Energy and Environmental Protection in the review and evaluation of grant proposals and baseline data collection for conservation easements; (2) appraisals or appraisal reviews; and (3) preparation of legal and other documents. Administrative expenses may not be used for staff salaries. Not later than September 1, 1998, for the protected open space and watershed land acquisition grant program established under section 7-131d, and not later than September 1, 2000, for the Charter Oak open space grant program account established under section 7-131t, the commissioner shall develop written guidelines and a ranking system for consistency and equity in the distribution of grant awards under the protected open space and watershed land acquisition grant program established under section 7-131d or under the Charter Oak open space grant program account established under section 7-131t based on the criteria listed in subsections (b), (c) and (d) of section 7-131d. Consistent with such criteria, additional consideration shall be given to: (A) Protection of lands adjacent to and complementary to adjacent protected open space land or class I or class II water company lands; (B) equitable geographic distribution of the grants; (C) proximity of a property to urban areas with growth and development pressures or to areas with open space deficiencies and underserved populations; (D) protection of land particularly vulnerable to development incompatible with its natural resource values including the protection of a public water supply source; (E) consistency with the state plan of conservation and development; (F) multiple protection elements, such as water quality and supply protection, scenic preservation and farmland preservation; (G) the extent to which the presence of already constructed buildings or other man-made improvements diminish or overshadow the natural resource value of a proposed acquisition, or its value relative to its cost; and (H) preservation of forest lands and bodies of water which naturally absorb significant amounts of carbon dioxide. (b) There is established a Natural Heritage, Open Space and Watershed Land Acquisition Review Board to assist and advise the commissioner in carrying out the provisions of sections 7-131d to 7-131g, inclusive, and sections 23-73 to 23-79, inclusive. Upon establishment of the review board and selection of a chairman under this section, the review board (1) shall provide comments on selection criteria, policies and procedures; (2) shall promote public participation; (3) shall provide guidance and conduct review of strategies for land protection, including strategies under section 23-8; (4) shall review and evaluate grant award policies and procedures; and (5) may provide comments on any application for funds not later than forty-five days after such application is submitted to the chairman. Upon establishment of the board, the commissioner shall take such comments into consideration in making any decisions regarding such grants. (c) The review board shall consist of twenty-three members as follows: (1) The chairpersons and ranking members of the bonding subcommittee of the joint standing committee of the General Assembly having cognizance of matters relating to finance, revenue and bonding; (2) one member of the joint standing committee of the General Assembly having cognizance of matters relating to the environment, appointed by the speaker of the House of Representatives, and one member of the joint standing committee of the General Assembly having cognizance of matters relating to planning and development, appointed by the president pro tempore of the Senate, each of whom shall be ex-officio members of the board; (3) the Secretary of the Office of Policy and Management, or his designee; (4) a representative of the business community and a person experienced in issues relating to access to public facilities by persons with disabilities, appointed by the Governor; (5) one representative from an investor-owned water utility, appointed by the minority leader of the Senate; (6) one representative from a municipal water utility, appointed by the minority leader of the House of Representatives; (7) one representative from a regional water utility, appointed by the minority leader of the Senate; (8) one representative who is a realtor or attorney with a minimum of five years' experience in real estate transfers, appointed by the speaker of the House of Representatives; one representative with a minimum of five years' experience in the construction industry or land development, appointed by the president pro tempore of the Senate; (9) two representatives of interest groups primarily concerned with the conservation of river watershed regions, appointed one each by the majority leaders of the House of Representatives and the Senate; (10) three representatives from nonprofit organizations primarily concerned with environmental protection or natural resource conservation with a minimum of five years' experience in land conservation and acquisition, appointed one each by the Governor, the speaker of the House of Representatives and the president pro tempore of the Senate; (11) one chief elected official of a town with a population less than twenty thousand and one chief elected official of a town with a population greater than twenty thousand, appointed by the Governor; (12) one member who is a representative of a community of color, low-income community or community-based organization, or professor from a college or university in the state with expertise in environmental justice, appointed by the Commissioner of Energy and Environmental Protection; and (13) one member who resides in a United States census block group, as determined in accordance with the most recent United States decennial census, for which thirty per cent or more of the population consists of low-income persons who are not institutionalized and have an income below two hundred per cent of the federal poverty level, appointed by the Commissioner of Energy and Environmental Protection. The members, other than the members described in subdivisions (1), (2) and (3) of this subsection, shall serve terms of three years provided the terms of the members described in subdivisions (4) to (8), inclusive, of this subsection who are appointed in the year after July 1, 1998, shall expire on October 1, 1999, and further provided the terms of the members described in subdivisions (9) to (11), inclusive, of this subsection shall expire on October 1, 2000. The board shall elect a chairman from among its members and shall make such election on or before October 1, 1998. Members of the board shall serve until reappointed or replaced. (d) Annually, on or before February fifteenth, the board shall submit a report regarding grant awards made in the previous calendar year and any findings and recommendations regarding the open space and watershed land acquisition program and the recreation and natural heritage trust program established under section 23-73 to the General Assembly. (e) There is established an open space and watershed land acquisition account within the General Fund which shall consist of any funds required or allowed by law to be deposited into the account including, but not limited to, gifts or donations received for the purposes of section 7-131d. Investment earnings credited to the assets of the account shall become part of the assets of the account. Any balance remaining in the account at the end of any fiscal year shall be carried forward in the account for the fiscal year next succeeding. Payments from the account shall be made upon authorization by the Commissioner of Energy and Environmental Protection. Neither the proceeds of any general obligation bonds of the state nor the investment earnings of any such proceeds shall be deposited in the account. The Commissioner of Energy and Environmental Protection may use funds in the account for purposes of section 7-131d. (1963, P.A. 649, S. 5; 1969, P.A. 628, S. 16; 1971, P.A. 872, S. 405; P.A. 98-157, S. 4, 15; June Sp. Sess. P.A. 98-1, S. 103; P.A. 99-58; P.A. 00-203, S. 4, 11; P.A. 01-195, S. 107, 181; P.A. 07-131, S. 1; P.A. 11-80, S. 1; P.A. 22-23, S. 5; P.A. 24-69, S. 10, 12.) History: 1969 act clarified provisions regarding preliminary approval, reports concerning and disposition of applications; 1971 act substituted commissioner of environmental protection for council on agriculture and natural resources; P.A. 98-157 deleted former section and added new provisions re timing of grant decisions, administrative expenses, a review board, a report and an account for donations, effective July 1, 1998; June Sp. Sess. P.A. 98-1 made technical corrections in Subsec. (c); P.A. 99-58 amended Subsec. (d) to provide for recommendations from the board to the General Assembly regarding the recreation and natural heritage trust program; P.A. 00-203 amended Subsec. (a) by applying provisions to charter oak open space grant program, effective July 1, 2000; P.A. 01-195 made a technical change in Subsec. (b), effective July 11, 2001; P.A. 07-131 amended Subsec. (a) to increase the percentage of grant funds permitted to be used for administrative expenses from 2% to 5%, effective July 1, 2007; pursuant to P.A. 11-80, “Commissioner of Environmental Protection” and “Department of Environmental Protection” were changed editorially by the Revisors to “Commissioner of Energy and Environmental Protection” and “Department of Energy and Environmental Protection”, respectively, effective July 1, 2011; P.A. 22-23 made a technical change in Subsec. (a); P.A. 24-69 amended Subsec. (a) to change reference to criteria from Subsecs. (b) and (c) of Sec. 7-131d to Subsecs. (b) to (d) of said section, amended Subsec. (c) to change total members from 21 to 23, to make technical changes and to add Subdiv. (12) re appointment of a member from a community of color, low-income community or community-based organization, or professor from college or university in state with expertise in environmental justice, appointed by Commissioner of Energy and Environmental Protection, and add Subdiv. (13) re appointment of member who resides in United States census block group, as determined in accordance with most recent United States decennial census, for which 30 per cent or more of population consists of low-income persons who are not institutionalized and have income below 30 per cent of federal poverty level, appointed by Commissioner of Energy and Environmental Protection, effective July 1, 2024.

Conn. Gen. Stat. § 7-131f Considerations for approving grants from funds authorized prior to July 1, 1998.

7-131f. Considerations for approving grants from funds authorized prior to July 1, 1998. In making grants-in-aid for open space land acquisition or development from out of funds authorized before July 1, 1998, the Commissioner of Energy and Environmental Protection shall: (a) Seek to achieve a reasonable balance among all parts of the state in the relative adequacy of present areas devoted to recreational and conservation purposes and the relative anticipated future needs for additional areas devoted to recreational and conservation purposes; (b) give due consideration to the special park requirement needs of urban areas; (c) wherever possible, give priority to land which will be utilized for multiple recreational and conservation purposes; (d) give due consideration to coordination with the plans of departments of the state and regional planning agencies with respect to land use or acquisition; and (e) give primary consideration to the needs of municipalities that have formed local housing partnerships pursuant to the provisions of section 8-336f. (1963, P.A. 649, S. 4; 1971, P.A. 872, S. 406; P.A. 79-607, S. 7; P.A. 88-305, S. 2, 4; P.A. 98-157. S. 13, 15; P.A. 11-80, S. 1.) History: 1971 act substituted commissioner of environmental protection for council on agriculture and natural resources; P.A. 79-607 included grants for development; P.A. 88-305 added Subdiv. (e) re consideration of needs of municipalities that have formed local housing partnerships; P.A. 98-157 made this section applicable to funds authorized prior to July 1, 1998, effective July 1, 1998; pursuant to P.A. 11-80, “Commissioner of Environmental Protection” was changed editorially by the Revisors to “Commissioner of Energy and Environmental Protection”, effective July 1, 2011.

Conn. Gen. Stat. § 7-131g Grant: Amount, purposes, valuation of land. Issuance of bonds.

7-131g. Grant: Amount, purposes, valuation of land. Issuance of bonds. (a) The Commissioner of Energy and Environmental Protection may make grants under the open space and watershed land acquisition program to: (1) Municipalities for acquisition of land for open space under subdivisions (1) to (6), inclusive, of subsection (b) of section 7-131d in an amount not to exceed sixty-five per cent of the fair market value of a parcel of land or interest in land proposed to be acquired; (2) municipalities for acquisition of land for class I and class II water supply protection under subdivision (5) of subsection (b) of said section 7-131d, in an amount not to exceed sixty-five per cent of such value; (3) nonprofit land conservation organizations for acquisition of land for open space or watershed protection under subdivisions (1) to (6), inclusive, of subsection (b) of said section 7-131d, in an amount not to exceed sixty-five per cent of such value; (4) water companies for acquisition of land under subdivision (7) of subsection (b) of said section 7-131d, in an amount not to exceed sixty-five per cent of such value provided if such a company proposes in a grant application that it intends to allow access to such land for recreational uses, such company shall seek approval of the Commissioner of Public Health for such access; and (5) distressed municipalities, as defined in section 32-9p or targeted investment communities, as defined in section 32-222, municipalities containing one or more environmental justice communities, as defined in section 22a-20a, or, with the approval of the chief elected official or governing legislative body of such a municipality or community, to a nonprofit land conservation organization or water company, for acquisition of land within that municipality or community, for open space under subdivisions (1) to (6), inclusive, of subsection (b) of said section 7-131d, in an amount not to exceed seventy-five per cent of such value or for performance of work in the restoration, enhancement or protection of resources in an amount not to exceed fifty per cent of the cost of such work. Applicants for grants under the program shall provide a copy of the application to the chairperson of the review board established under section 7-131e. The board shall provide comments to the commissioner on pending applications as it deems necessary. (b) For purposes of this subsection, the fair market value of land or interest in land shall be determined by one or more appraisals satisfactory to the commissioner and shall not include incidental costs, including, but not limited to, surveying, development or closing costs. The commissioner may consider a portion of the fair market value of a donation of land by an entity receiving a grant as a portion of the matching funds required under this subsection. A grantee may use funds made available by the state, pursuant to subsection (a) of this section, and the federal government to fund not more than ninety per cent of the fair market value of any project funded under the program, except the commissioner may authorize a grantee to use such state funds provided pursuant to subsection (a) of this section and any funds made available by the federal government to fund one hundred per cent of the fair market value of any project funded under said program if the commissioner determines that any of the following conditions exist: (1) The grantee committed or expended significant resources, including, but not limited to, payment of such incidental costs, toward the acquisition and preservation in perpetuity of such land; (2) that the grantee committed or expended significant resources for the care, maintenance or preservation of such land that was consistent with the intent of the open space and watershed land acquisition program, as described in section 7-131d; (3) that such project will provide a significant recreational opportunity or natural resource protection for the state and is consistent with: (A) The criteria of subsections (b) and (c) of section 7-131d; (B) the additional considerations set forth in subsection (a) of section 7-131e; and (C) any written guidelines developed by the commissioner pursuant to said subsection; or (4) that such project is located in an area of the state with a limited amount of land available for such recreational opportunity or natural resource protection and is consistent with: (A) The criteria of subsections (b) and (c) of section 7-131d; (B) the additional considerations set forth in subsection (a) of section 7-131e, except equitable geographic distribution of such grants; and (C) any written guidelines developed by the commissioner pursuant to said subsection. (c) Notwithstanding the provisions of subdivision (3) of subsection (c) of section 7-131d, any land that is the subject of the execution or recording of a conservation easement or restriction that resulted from a federally funded land conservation program, municipal conservation grant program or a private conservation grant program, prior to the recording of a permanent conservation easement described in subsection (e) of section 7-131d, shall not be construed to constitute land that has already been committed for public use, provided: (1) Such prior conservation easement or restriction is executed after the execution of the grant agreement for a grant to preserve such land under the provisions of this section, (2) at the time of the recording of the permanent conservation easement required pursuant to subsection (e) of section 7-131d, any nonfederal holder of any such prior easement subordinates such holder's interests in the land to the interests of the state, (3) such other federal funds, municipal grant funds or private grant funds are used as matching funds for a grant issued under this section, and (4) the Commissioner of Energy and Environmental Protection determines, based on all pertinent circumstances, that the conveyance of such other conservation easement or restriction, in combination with the acquisition of the state's interest under this section, constitutes one concurrent acquisition of property or interests therein. (d) To the extent there is a balance of bonds authorized but not allocated by the State Bond Commission on or after July 1, 1998, pursuant to any bond act for the purposes of (1) the recreation and natural heritage trust program established under sections 23-73 to 23-79, inclusive, and (2) the municipal open space grant program established under sections 7-131c to 7-131g, inclusive, the State Bond Commission shall authorize the issuance of such balance only for the purposes described in section 23-74 and sections 23-75 and 7-131d and in two substantially equal installments one in each half of the fiscal year commencing with the fiscal year ending June 30, 1999. (1963, P.A. 649, S. 3; 1967, P.A. 739, S. 1; 1969, P.A. 190, S. 1; 1971, P.A. 63, S. 1; 872, S. 407; 1972, P.A. 21, S. 1; P.A. 78-359, S. 2, 8; P.A. 79-607, S. 8; June Sp. Sess. P.A. 83-33, S. 14, 17; P.A. 92-206, S. 2; P.A. 98-157, S. 5, 15; P.A. 01-204, S. 9, 29; June Sp. Sess. P.A. 01-9, S. 73, 131; P.A. 07-131, S. 2; P.A. 08-124, S. 1, 38; P.A. 11-80, S. 1; P.A. 15-23, S. 1; P.A. 23-196, S. 10; P.A. 24-69, S. 11.) History: 1967 act amended Subsec. (a) to differentiate between cases where federal grants made and where not made and required that land cost be determined by state-obtained appraisals in Subsec. (b); 1969 act added Subsec. (c) re applications prior to January 1, 1968; 1971 acts amended Subsec. (b) to allow state to make appraisals and substituted commissioner of environmental protection for council on agriculture and natural resources; 1972 act amended Subsec. (b) by specifying “one or more” appraisals; P.A. 78-359 changed “shall” to “may” in Subsec. (a), included grants for development costs, added provision re information required for determining development cost grant in Subsec. (b) and in Subsec. (c) changed applicable date to January 1, 1968, and replaced reference to council with commissioner of environmental protection; P.A. 79-607 added provision concerning grants under Urban Park and Recreation Recovery Act in Subsec. (a); June Sp. Sess. P.A. 83-33 amended Subsec. (b) to include language regarding determination of the treatment of gifts to municipalities; P.A. 92-206 amended Subsec. (a) to change the specification re the amount of certain grants authorized under this section; P.A. 98-157 replaced former Subsecs. (b) and (c) with new Subsecs. (b) to (d), inclusive, re amount of grants, valuation of land and issuance of bonds, effective July 1, 1998 (Revisor's note: In 1999 a reference to Sec. 7-131c was changed editorially by the Revisors to Sec. 7-131d, since Sec. 7-131c was repealed by P.A. 98-157); P.A. 01-204 amended Subsec. (b) to allow the commissioner to make grants under the program to a nonprofit land conservation organization for the acquisition of land within a distressed municipality or targeted investment community with the approval of the chief elected official or governing legislative body of such municipality or community, effective July 11, 2001; June Sp. Sess. P.A. 01-9 revised effective date of P.A. 01-204 but without affecting this section; P.A. 07-131 amended Subsec. (b) to increase the percentages of the fair market value permitted to be paid in grants and added “water company” to the list of entities permitted to receive a grant in Subdiv. (5), effective July 1, 2007; P.A. 08-124 made a technical change in Subsec. (a) and amended Subsec. (c) to delete prohibition against using matching funds and to add provision permitting grantee to use state and federal funds for not more than 70% of total cost of project, effective June 2, 2008; pursuant to P.A. 11-80, “Commissioner of Environmental Protection” was changed editorially by the Revisors to “Commissioner of Energy and Environmental Protection” in Subsecs. (a) and (b), effective July 1, 2011; P.A. 15-23 deleted former Subsec. (a) re federal grants, redesignated existing Subsecs. (b) to (d) as Subsecs. (a) to (c) and amended redesignated Subsec. (b) by deleting reference to a potential grantee, adding reference to Subsec. (a), changing the maximum grant percentage from 70 per cent of the total cost to 90 per cent of the fair market value of the project and adding exception to such 90 per cent cap to provide a grant for 100 per cent of the fair market value of the project if certain conditions exist, effective June 4, 2015; P.A. 23-196 added Subsec. (c) re land that is subject of the execution or recording of a conservation easement or restriction that resulted from a federally funded land conservation program, municipal conservation grant program or private conservation grant program prior to the recording of a permanent conservation easement described in Subsec. (e) of Sec. 7-131d, and redesignated existing Subsec. (c) as Subsec. (d), effective June 29, 2023; P.A. 24-69 amended Subsec. (a)(5) to add reference to Sec. 32-9p for distressed municipalities, change reference from Sec. 32-9p to Sec. 32-222 for targeted investment communities and add reference to municipalities containing 1 or more environmental justice communities, effective July 1, 2024.

Conn. Gen. Stat. § 7-131h Charges by municipality.

7-131h. Charges by municipality. Reasonable charges may be made by a municipality, when necessary, to aid in the proper maintenance of recreational facilities developed on land acquired under sections 7-131d to 7-131k, inclusive. (1963, P.A. 649, S. 6.) History: (Revisor's note: In 1999 a reference to Sec. 7-131c was changed editorially by the Revisors to Sec. 7-131d, since Sec. 7-131c was repealed by P.A. 98-157).

Conn. Gen. Stat. § 7-131i Municipal use of open space land.

7-131i. Municipal use of open space land. Land acquired or developed by any municipality, for which a state grant was awarded under sections 7-131d to 7-131k, inclusive, shall not be conveyed other than to another municipality or to the state for use for recreation or conservation or converted to any use other than recreation or conservation, except with the approval of the Commissioner of Energy and Environmental Protection, provided a municipality may use such land for a subsurface sewage disposal system if such system is adjacent to a municipally-owned building. If such grant was awarded for acquisition of land, such approval by said commissioner shall be conditioned on the agreement of the municipality to provide comparable land to be devoted to recreation or conservation, the full proceeds of any sale of land to be applied to such purpose and, if such proceeds exceed the amount required for such land acquisition, the balance shall revert to the state General Fund. If the municipality is unable to acquire comparable land, it shall pay to the state (1) if the land is sold, the same percentage of the proceeds of the sale as that granted by the state for the purchase of the land, or (2) if the land is not sold, such percentage of the fair market value of the land at the time of conversion to another use. (1963, P.A. 649, S. 7; February, 1965, P.A. 369, S. 1; 1971, P.A. 872, S. 408; P.A. 78-359, S. 3, 8; P.A. 92-206, S. 3; P.A. 11-80, S. 1.) History: 1965 act specified that land shall not be conveyed “other than to another municipality or to the state for use for recreation or conservation”; 1971 act substituted commissioner of environmental protection for council on agriculture and natural resources; P.A. 78-359 included land developed through grant; P.A. 92-206 authorized use of land acquired or developed by a municipality under Secs. 7-131c to 7-131k, inclusive, for subsurface sewage disposal systems under certain circumstances; (Revisor's note: In 1999 a reference to Sec. 7-131c was changed editorially by the Revisors to Sec. 7-131d, since Sec. 7-131c was repealed by P.A. 98-157); pursuant to P.A. 11-80, “Commissioner of Environmental Protection” was changed editorially by the Revisors to “Commissioner of Energy and Environmental Protection”, effective July 1, 2011.

Conn. Gen. Stat. § 7-131j Taking of land by state or public service company.

7-131j. Taking of land by state or public service company. If the state or any public service company, as defined in section 16-1, takes any land, for highway or other purposes, which is restricted to conservation or recreation use in accordance with an established open space program, whether or not a state grant was awarded under sections 7-131d to 7-131k, inclusive, to the municipality in which the land is located, the state or such company shall provide comparable land to be included in such program or shall grant or pay to the municipality sufficient funds to be used for such purpose; provided, before the state takes such land for highway or other purposes, it shall hold a public hearing in addition to the public hearing required by section 13a-58 or by any other section of the general statutes. At such public hearing and in the notice thereof, as provided for herein, the state shall set forth the description of the land proposed to be taken and the proposed use of such land, together with any reasons for the proposed taking of the open space land rather than other land. The state shall give notice of the time and place of such hearing by publication in a newspaper having a substantial circulation in each town, city or borough affected, at least twice, at intervals of not less than two days, the first not more than fifteen nor less than ten days and the second not less than two days before such hearing and such hearing shall be held within a period of not more than thirty and not less than fifteen days after any other public hearing required by section 13a-58 or by any other section of the general statutes. If the governing body of the municipality owning such land and the governing body of the municipality in which such land is located and the Commissioner of Transportation agree that a combination of the hearing required by section 13a-58 and the hearing required by this section will best serve the interests of the state and the municipality concerned, such combined hearing may be held after giving notice of such combined hearing in the manner provided in section 13a-58. At such combined hearing the state shall comply with the requirements of section 13a-58 and this section in regard to the information to be presented and the opportunity for all persons concerned to be heard. Except as hereinafter provided the state shall not take, for highway or other purposes, any such land unless the governing body of the municipality in which the land is located has, by majority vote of all its members, approved the proposed taking. If such governing body does not approve such proposed taking within ninety days after the public hearing provided for herein, the state may apply to the Superior Court, or to any judge thereof when said court is not in session, for an order permitting the state to take such land for highway or other purposes, notwithstanding the failure of the governing body of the municipality to approve the proposed taking. The state shall serve upon the municipality a copy of such application not less than thirty days prior to the hearing thereon. Said court or judge shall hold a hearing on the application, at which hearing any interested citizen may be heard. If said court or judge, after consideration of all the facts and of the public policy of this state that open space land shall be preserved, finds that no land other than the land proposed to be taken will serve the purpose of such taking, it or he shall issue the order applied for. (1963, P.A. 649, S. 8; February, 1965, P.A. 119; 609; 1969, P.A. 176, S. 1.) History: 1965 acts added reference to the taking of land by public service companies, reference to payment to municipality and the proviso, and added specific provisions re procedure for taking land; 1969 act provided for combined hearings; (Revisor's note: In 1999 a reference to Sec. 7-131c was changed editorially by the Revisors to Sec. 7-131d, since Sec. 7-131c was repealed by P.A. 98-157).

Conn. Gen. Stat. § 7-131k Acceptance of federal funds.

7-131k. Acceptance of federal funds. Any municipality may accept federal funds for open space land acquisitions or development. (1963, P.A. 649, S. 9; P.A. 78-359, S. 4, 8.) History: P.A. 78-359 authorized acceptance of federal funds for “development”.

Conn. Gen. Stat. § 7-131l Development of watershed areas for recreation and fish and wildlife sites.

7-131l. Development of watershed areas for recreation and fish and wildlife sites. Any town, city or borough may enter into agreements with the Commissioner of Energy and Environmental Protection or any federal or state agency concerned with watershed protection projects for the purposes of developing, maintaining and operating recreation and fish and wildlife sites in the watershed areas of projects provided for in sections 22a-318 to 22a-322, inclusive. Any town, city or borough may appropriate funds, receive gifts of land or money and allocate funds as its share of the cost of such recreational or fish and wildlife site development, maintenance and operation. (1963, P.A. 350; 1971, P.A. 872, S. 409; P.A. 11-80, S. 1.) History: 1971 act substituted commissioner of environmental protection for council on agriculture and natural resources; pursuant to P.A. 11-80, “Commissioner of Environmental Protection” was changed editorially by the Revisors to “Commissioner of Energy and Environmental Protection”, effective July 1, 2011.

Conn. Gen. Stat. § 7-131m Combined conservation and recreational commission.

7-131m. Combined conservation and recreational commission. (a) Unless otherwise provided by special act, any town may by ordinance or vote of its legislative body designate its conservation commission or its recreational authority as the conservation and recreational commission for such town, and such commission shall thereupon have all the powers and duties of both a conservation and a recreational authority and shall supersede any previous conservation commission or recreational authority, as the case may be. Such ordinance or vote shall establish the number of members to comprise such conservation and recreational commission which shall consist of not less than five nor more than nine members who shall be appointed in accordance with section 7-130c. (b) Any town which has designated its conservation commission or recreational authority as the conservation and recreation commission in accordance with the provisions of subsection (a) of this section may, by ordinance or by vote of its legislative body, reverse such designation and do anything to conform to the provisions of sections 7-130a to 7-130w, inclusive, and 7-131a, provided no such reversal, unless otherwise stated, shall be construed to affect the continuity of conservation or recreation programs in such town. (1969, P.A. 284, S. 2, 3; P.A. 90-271, S. 3, 24.) History: P.A. 90-271 corrected an internal reference.

Conn. Gen. Stat. § 7-131n Taking of land previously intended for use as park or for other recreational or open space purposes.

7-131n. Taking of land previously intended for use as park or for other recreational or open space purposes. If any municipality takes any land, for highway or other purposes, which land was purchased for park or other recreational or open space purposes, or for which bonds were issued for such purposes, or which had been dedicated for such purposes, such municipality shall provide comparable replacement land at least equal in value and per unit area size to the value and per unit area size of the land taken; provided before such municipality takes such land for highway or other purposes it shall hold a public hearing in addition to any public hearing required by section 13a-58 or by any other section of the general statutes or by any special act or city charter. At such public hearing and in the notice thereof, the municipality shall set forth the description of the land proposed to be taken and the proposed use of such land, any reasons for the proposed taking of the parkland rather than other land and the description of the replacement land to be provided. The municipality shall give notice of the time and place of such hearing by publication in a newspaper having a substantial circulation in such municipality, such notice to be given at least twice, at intervals of not less than two days, the first not more than fifteen days nor less than ten days and the second not less than two days before such hearing and such hearing shall be held within a period of not more than thirty and not less than fifteen days after any other public hearing required by section 13a-58 or by any other section of the general statutes. For purposes of this section “municipality” means any town, city or borough, or other political subdivision of the state. (P.A. 75-534; P.A. 77-172.) History: P.A. 77-172 required that description of replacement land be provided at public hearing.

Conn. Gen. Stat. § 7-131o Taking of active agricultural land by eminent domain. Purchase of agricultural conservation easement or development rights. Notice to Commissioner of Agriculture.

7-131o. Taking of active agricultural land by eminent domain. Purchase of agricultural conservation easement or development rights. Notice to Commissioner of Agriculture. A municipality, town, city, borough or district, as defined in section 7-324, that takes active agricultural land by eminent domain shall: (1) Purchase an agricultural conservation easement on an equivalent amount of active agricultural land of comparable or better soil quality in such municipality, town, city, borough or district; or (2) if no comparable active agricultural land is available for an agricultural conservation easement as provided in subdivision (1) of this section, pay a fee for the purchase of development rights to an equivalent amount of active agricultural land of comparable or better soil quality elsewhere in the state. Such purchase amount shall be paid to the General Fund and credited to the state program for the preservation of agricultural land established pursuant to chapter 422a. The municipality, town, city, borough or district shall notify the Commissioner of Agriculture of its intent to comply with the provisions of subdivision (1) or (2) of this section. The Commissioner of Agriculture shall determine the amount of the payment to be made by such municipality, town, city, borough or district for the purchase of an agricultural conservation easement or the purchase of development rights pursuant to subdivision (1) or (2) of this section. The municipality, town, city, borough or district shall not proceed unless the Commissioner of Agriculture approves the purchase of an agricultural conservation easement pursuant to subdivision (1) of this section. Such agricultural conservation easement shall be jointly and severally held by the municipality, town, city, borough or district and the state. (P.A. 04-189, S. 1; 04-222, S. 4; P.A. 05-288, S. 213.) History: P.A. 04-222 effective July 1, 2004; P.A. 04-189, effective June 1, 2004, repealed Secs. 146 to 148, inclusive, of June 6 Sp. Sess. P.A. 03-6 which had created a single Department of Agriculture and Consumer Protection from separate Departments of Agriculture and Consumer Protection, necessitating substitution of “Commissioner of Agriculture” for “Commissioner of Agriculture and Consumer Protection” in this section; P.A. 05-288 made technical changes, effective July 13, 2005.

Conn. Gen. Stat. § 7-131p Establishment of municipal land acquisition and development authority.

7-131p. Establishment of municipal land acquisition and development authority. Any municipality may, by vote of its legislative body, establish a land acquisition and development authority to assist the municipality to acquire or develop any agricultural, recreational or open space land or to assist the municipality to acquire any easements, interest or rights therein and to enter into covenants and agreements with owners of such land or interests therein to acquire, maintain, improve, protect, limit the future use of or otherwise conserve such land. (P.A. 05-228, S. 7; June Sp. Sess. P.A. 05-3, S. 113.) History: P.A. 05-228 effective July 1, 2005; June Sp. Sess. P.A. 05-3 changed effective date of P.A. 05-228 to October 1, 2005, effective June 30, 2005.

Conn. Gen. Stat. § 7-131q Agricultural land preservation fund.

7-131q. Agricultural land preservation fund. (a) As used in this section, “municipality” means any city, town, borough, district or association with municipal powers; “agricultural land” means any land in the state suitable by reference to soil types, existing and past use of such land for agricultural purposes and other relevant factors for the cultivation of plants for production of human food and fiber or production of other useful and valuable plant products and for the production of animals, livestock and poultry useful to man and the environment, and land capable of providing economically profitable farm units, and may include adjacent pastures, wooded land, natural drainage areas and other adjacent open areas; “development rights” means the rights of the fee simple owner of agricultural land to develop, construct on, sell, lease or otherwise improve the agricultural land for uses that result in rendering such land no longer agricultural land, but shall not be construed to include: (1) The uses defined in subsection (q) of section 1-1, (2) the rights of the fee owner of agricultural land to develop, construct on, sell the property in its entirety, lease or otherwise improve the agricultural land to preserve, maintain, operate or continue such land as agricultural land, including, but not limited to, construction thereon of residences for persons directly incidental to farm operation and buildings for animals, roadside stands and farm markets for sale to the consumer of food products and ornamental plants, facilities for the storing of equipment and products or processing thereof or such other improvements, activities and uses thereon as may be directly or incidentally related to the operation of the agricultural enterprise, as long as the acreage and productivity of arable land for crops is not materially decreased and due consideration is given to the impact of any decrease in acreage or productivity of such arable land upon the total farm operation, except that new construction or modification of an existing farm building necessary to the operation of a farm on prime farmland, as defined by the United States Department of Agriculture, of which the state has purchased development rights shall be limited to not more than five per cent of the total of such prime farmland, (3) the rights of the fee owner to provide for the extraction of gravel or like natural elements for purposes directly or incidentally related to the operation of the agricultural enterprise or (4) the existing water and mineral rights, exclusive of gravel, of the fee owner. (b) Any municipality, by vote of its legislative body, may establish a special fund, which shall be known as the agricultural land preservation fund. There shall be deposited in said fund (1) all moneys received by the municipality, from whatever source and by whatever means, as gifts for agricultural land preservation purposes; (2) all moneys received by the municipality, from whatever source and by whatever means, as grants or loans for agricultural land preservation purposes, and (3) all moneys appropriated to said fund by the municipality. (c) Said fund shall be in the custody of the treasurer or other officer in charge of funds of the municipality. All or any part of the moneys in said fund may, from time to time, be invested in any securities in which public funds may lawfully be invested. All income derived from such investments shall be paid into the fund and become a part of the fund. The moneys so invested shall at all times be subject to withdrawal from such investment for use as provided in subsection (e) of this section. (d) Annually, the treasurer or other officer having custody of said fund shall submit to the legislative body of the municipality a complete and detailed report of the condition of said fund, which report shall be made a part of the annual municipal report. (e) (1) Upon authorization of the body in such municipality having the power of appropriation, the moneys in said fund may be used by the municipality for the acquisition in its name of the development rights of agricultural land and for any expenditure incurred for the preservation of agricultural land, provided (A) the development rights have been voluntarily offered for sale to the municipality by the owner, and (B) the land has been designated for preservation purposes by the municipality in an open space plan, municipal plan of conservation and development or farmland preservation plan. (2) Notwithstanding the provisions of subsection (a) of this section, the municipality may use the moneys in said fund for the acquisition in its name of the rights of the fee owner of agricultural land to construct any residence or any farm structure on agricultural land. (3) The municipality may accept as a gift in its name the rights of the fee owner of agricultural land to construct any residence or any farm structure on agricultural land. (P.A. 84-184; P.A. 86-135, S. 2; P.A. 95-335, S. 12, 26; P.A. 07-217, S. 15; P.A. 13-59, S. 1.) History: P.A. 86-135 amended Subsec. (e) by adding provisos specifying that development rights must be offered voluntarily and that land has been formally designated for preservation purposes; P.A. 95-335 amended Subsec. (e) to change “plan of development” to “plan of conservation and development”, effective July 1, 1995; P.A. 07-217 made technical changes in Subsec. (c), effective July 12, 2007; P.A. 13-59 amended Subsec. (e) by designating existing provisions as Subdiv. (1) and making technical changes therein, adding Subdiv. (2) re use of moneys in the fund for acquisition of the rights of the fee owner of agricultural land to construct any residence or farm structure on agricultural land, and adding Subdiv. (3) re acceptance as a gift of the rights of the fee owner of agricultural land to construct any residence or farm structure, effective June 3, 2013.

Conn. Gen. Stat. § 7-131r Land acquisition fund.

7-131r. Land acquisition fund. Any municipality, by vote of its legislative body, may establish a special fund, which shall be known as the land acquisition fund. There shall be deposited in said fund, annually, an amount, not to exceed the amount which would be generated by the imposition of a tax of two mills against the property subject to tax in such municipality pursuant to chapter 203, as may be appropriated by the municipality. Such fund shall be used by the municipality for the acquisition of land to be used for open space, recreation or housing. Such fund shall not lapse at the close of the municipal fiscal year. (P.A. 89-370, S. 5, 15.)

Conn. Gen. Stat. § 7-131s Charter Oak open space trust account.

7-131s. Charter Oak open space trust account. There is established a Charter Oak open space trust account, which shall be nonlapsing and shall be separate from bond funds provided for any similar programs or purposes. (P.A. 00-203, S. 1, 11; P.A. 25-110, S. 16.) History: P.A. 00-203 effective July 1, 2000; P.A. 25-110 deleted Subsec. (a) designator and amended same to delete reference to General Fund and deleted former Subsec. (b) re disbursements from account for fiscal year ending June 30, 2021, effective July 1, 2025.

Conn. Gen. Stat. § 7-131t Charter Oak open space grant program: Purposes; criteria. Charter Oak open space grant program account.

7-131t. Charter Oak open space grant program: Purposes; criteria. Charter Oak open space grant program account. (a)(1) There is established a Charter Oak open space grant program account, which shall be a separate, nonlapsing account. The account shall consist of any funds required or allowed by law to be deposited into the account including, but not limited to, funds from the Charter Oak open space trust account established pursuant to section 7-131s, gifts or donations received for the purposes of section 7-131d. Investment earnings credited to the assets of the account shall become part of the assets of the account. Any balance remaining in the account at the end of any fiscal year shall be carried forward in the account for the fiscal year next succeeding. Payments from the account shall be made upon authorization by the Commissioner of Energy and Environmental Protection. Neither the proceeds of any general obligation bonds of the state nor the investment earnings of any such proceeds shall be deposited in the account. (2) At least fifty per cent of the funds deposited in the Charter Oak open space grant program account from the Charter Oak open space trust account shall be used to make grants under the Charter Oak open space grant program established pursuant to subsection (b) of this section to municipalities and nonprofit land conservation organizations. If fifty per cent of such funds have not been used by municipalities or nonprofit land conservation organizations prior to July 1, 2003, then after said date expenditures may be made from remaining funds for the Charter Oak state parks and forests program established pursuant to section 7-131u. (b) There is established the Charter Oak open space grant program. The program shall provide grants to municipalities and nonprofit land conservation organizations to acquire land or permanent interests in land for open space and watershed protection. All land or interest in land acquired under this program shall be preserved in perpetuity predominantly in its natural and open condition for the specific open space purposes for which it was acquired, provided any improvements or changes to the property shall be supportive of such condition or purpose. No municipality shall be eligible for grants under this section unless the municipality has adopted an open space plan in its plan of development. (c) The Commissioner of Energy and Environmental Protection may make grants in accordance with section 7-131d under the Charter Oak open space grant program to: (1) Municipalities in an amount not to exceed sixty per cent of the purchase price not to exceed the fair market value of a parcel of land or interest in land that is proposed to be acquired and permanently preserved that is located in municipalities with population densities of at least one thousand five hundred persons per square mile, and (2) municipalities or nonprofit land conservation organizations in an amount not to exceed fifty per cent of the purchase price not to exceed the fair market value of a parcel of land or interest in land that is proposed to be acquired and permanently preserved that is (A) not owned by a water company, as defined in section 25-32a, but is on a public drinking supply watershed or acquifer area or within one hundred and fifty feet of a distribution reservoir or a first-order stream tributary to a distribution reservoir, or (B) owned by an electric distribution company or electric supplier, as defined in section 16-1. Applicants for grants under the program shall provide a copy of the application to the chairperson of the review board established under section 7-131e. The board shall provide comments to the commissioner on pending applications as it deems necessary. (d) The program shall expire when the state and municipal open space goal is achieved as provided in subsection (b) of section 23-8. Any moneys remaining in the Charter Oak open space grant program account at the time the program expires shall revert to the recreation and natural heritage trust program established under section 23-74. (P.A. 00-203, S. 2, 11; P.A. 11-80, S. 1; P.A. 25-110, S. 17.) History: P.A. 00-203 effective July 1, 2000; pursuant to P.A. 11-80, “Commissioner of Environmental Protection” was changed editorially by the Revisors to “Commissioner of Energy and Environmental Protection” in Subsecs. (a)(1) and (c), effective July 1, 2011; P.A. 25-110 amended Subsec. (a)(1) to delete reference to General Fund, effective July 1, 2025.

Conn. Gen. Stat. § 7-131u Charter Oak state parks and forests program: Purposes; criteria. Charter Oak state parks and forests account.

7-131u. Charter Oak state parks and forests program: Purposes; criteria. Charter Oak state parks and forests account. (a) There is established a Charter Oak state parks and forests account, which shall be a separate, nonlapsing account. The account shall consist of any funds required or allowed by law to be deposited into the account including, but not limited to, funds from the Charter Oak open space trust account established pursuant to section 7-131s, gifts or donations received for the purposes of this section. Investment earnings credited to the assets of the account shall become part of the assets of the account. Any balance remaining in the account at the end of any fiscal year shall be carried forward in the account for the fiscal year next succeeding. Payments from the account shall be made upon authorization by the Commissioner of Energy and Environmental Protection. Neither the proceeds of any general obligation bonds of the state nor the investment earnings of any such proceeds shall be deposited in the account. Funds in the state parks and forests account shall be expended to acquire land as set forth in subsection (b) of this section. (b) There is established the Charter Oak state parks and forests program to enable the state to acquire land for open space and watershed protection. All land acquired by the state under this program shall be preserved in perpetuity predominantly in its natural scenic and open condition for the protection of natural resources while allowing for recreation consistent with such protection as specified in subsection (b) of section 7-131d. (c) When ranking lands to be acquired under the Charter Oak state parks and forests program, the Commissioner of Energy and Environmental Protection shall give priority first to open space land to be permanently preserved that is located in municipalities with population densities of at least one thousand five hundred persons per square mile, and second to open space land to be permanently preserved that is owned by an electric distribution company or electric supplier, as defined in section 16-1, and to open space land to be permanently preserved that is designated as class I, class II or class III land, as defined in section 25-37c. (d) The Charter Oak state parks and forests program shall expire when the state and municipal open space goal is achieved as provided in subsection (b) of section 23-8. Any moneys remaining in the Charter Oak open space grant program account at the time the program expires shall revert to the recreation and natural heritage trust program established under section 23-74. (P.A. 00-203, S. 5, 11; P.A. 11-80, S. 1; P.A. 25-110, S. 18.) History: P.A. 00-203 effective July 1, 2000; pursuant to P.A. 11-80, “Commissioner of Environmental Protection” was changed editorially by the Revisors to “Commissioner of Energy and Environmental Protection” in Subsecs. (a) and (c), effective July 1, 2011; P.A. 25-110 amended Subsec. (a) to delete reference to General Fund, effective July 1, 2025.

Conn. Gen. Stat. § 7-131v Local and regional agricultural councils.

7-131v. Local and regional agricultural councils. (a) Any municipality may, by vote of its legislative body or, in a municipality where the legislative body is a town meeting, by vote of the board of selectmen, establish a local agricultural council to: (1) Provide information to local farmers and to municipal boards and commissions about the benefits of a balance between agriculture and other land uses; (2) educate municipal officials about agricultural laws and safety issues; (3) identify grant sources for farmers and municipalities; (4) enable a common understanding of agriculture among all municipal departments; (5) provide information and guidance about zoning issues relating to agriculture; (6) support local, regional and state vocational agricultural programs concerning agricultural matters; (7) provide conflict resolution and advisory services; (8) identify innovative opportunities for agriculture; and (9) create a climate that supports the economic viability of agriculture in the municipality. (b) Any two or more municipalities may form a regional agricultural council for the purposes set forth in subsection (a) of this section by vote of the legislative body or, in a municipality where the legislative body is a town meeting, by vote of the board of selectmen, of each municipality. (P.A. 11-188, S. 1.)

Conn. Gen. Stat. § 7-131w Municipal sale of certain real property; appraisal required.

7-131w. Municipal sale of certain real property; appraisal required. For the purposes of this section, “municipality” means any town, consolidated town and city or consolidated town and borough. Prior to the sale of any real property (1) owned by a municipality, (2) with an assessed value of more than two hundred fifty thousand dollars or whose value has not been assessed by the town, and (3) that includes or is part of a watershed or encompasses a well or reservoir, such municipality shall cause an appraisal of the fair market value of such real property to be completed. Not later than sixty days prior to such sale, such municipality shall make such appraisal public on such municipality's Internet web site, or if no such Internet web site exists, through other practicable means as determined by such municipality. (P.A. 17-238, S. 13.) History: P.A. 17-238 effective July 1, 2017, and applicable to sales occurring on and after September 1, 2017.

Conn. Gen. Stat. § 7-134 Lockup.

7-134. Lockup. The selectmen of any town and the warden and burgesses of any borough may erect or lease a suitable building or apartments within their respective communities for a lockup in which persons awaiting trial or examination for offenses committed in such town or borough may be confined until their cases are disposed of according to law. (1949 Rev., S. 654.)

Conn. Gen. Stat. § 7-135 Use of municipal lockup and community correctional center in another town.

7-135. Use of municipal lockup and community correctional center in another town. As used in this section and section 7-135a, “lockup” means any municipal jail, lockup or place of detention of prisoners. Subject to the provisions of section 54-63c, any officer authorized to make arrests in any town in which there is no suitable lockup, or in which the facilities of such lockup are exhausted or inadequate, shall procure a suitable lockup in an adjoining or nearby town or shall make arrangements with the nearest available community correctional center or the York Correctional Institution, as the case may be, and shall remove thereto and cause to be detained therein any person under arrest pending arraignment before the court having jurisdiction, and any municipal lockup, community correctional center or the York Correctional Institution, as the case may be, to which request is made for the detention of any such person, which lockup, center or institution has suitable available facilities, may receive, provide for and feed such person, taking from such officer a temporary surrender statement, in such form as the Commissioner of Correction shall prescribe, and giving to such officer a receipt for such persons. (1949 Rev., S. 655; 1961, P.A. 1, S. 1; 566, S. 1; 1971, P.A. 136; P.A. 73-246, S. 1, 2; P.A. 76-436, S. 143, 681; P.A. 79-497, S. 2, 6; P.A. 80-313, S. 59, 60, 62; P.A. 15-14, S. 25.) History: 1961 acts authorized making arrangements with state jail as well as another municipality, required the state jail or municipal lockup to receive and provide for arrested person if facilities were available, made arresting officer or his deputy responsible for such person to, from and at the place of arraignment and at the place of trial and removed provision for payment of fees for keeping such person; 1971 act replaced state jail administrator with commissioner of correction and “state jail” with reference to community correctional centers and Connecticut Correctional Institution, Niantic; P.A. 73-246 added provision concerning pilot demonstration project; P.A. 76-436 added proviso concerning proceedings held in geographical area courthouse, effective July 1, 1978; P.A. 79-497 deleted proviso concerning proceedings in geographical area courthouses and provision concerning pilot project, effective January 1, 1981; P.A. 80-313 replaced reference to repealed Sec. 54-64 with reference to Sec. 54-63c; P.A. 15-14 made technical changes.

Conn. Gen. Stat. § 7-135a Reimbursement of towns for keeping prisoners.

7-135a. Reimbursement of towns for keeping prisoners. The town operating any lockup wherein prisoners are detained for arraignment before, or trial by, the Superior Court shall be reimbursed by the town where the offense took place for keeping, providing for and feeding such prisoners at the rate of two dollars and fifty cents for each twenty-four hours or fraction thereof of detention until the prisoner has been arraigned and thereafter such town shall be so reimbursed by the state. Each town entitled to reimbursement from the state under the provisions of this section shall make claim for such reimbursement on forms to be provided by the Comptroller. (1961, P.A. 1, S. 2; 566, S. 2; 1967, P.A. 194, S. 1; 1971, P.A. 49, S. 1; P.A. 74-183, S. 165, 291; P.A. 76-436, S. 144, 681; P.A. 79-497, S. 3, 6.) History: 1967 act provided for transportation of persons writs of habeas corpus; 1971 act deleted provision re transportation added by 1967 act; P.A. 74-183 substituted court of common pleas for circuit court; P.A. 76-436 substituted superior court for court of common pleas and specified that if person is sentenced to community correction center, town where court held provides transportation from geographical area courthouse, effective July 1, 1978; P.A. 79-497 deleted provision concerning transportation from geographical area courthouse to community correction center.

Conn. Gen. Stat. § 7-136 Municipal economic development commissions.

7-136. Municipal economic development commissions. (a) Any town, city or borough, by ordinance, may accept the provisions of this section and may establish an economic development commission for the promotion and development of the economic resources of such municipality. The ordinance shall specify (1) the number of members of such commission, which shall be not less than five or more than fifteen, and the number of alternates, if any, (2) whether the members and alternates shall be elected or appointed by the chief executive authority of the municipality and (3) the terms of the members and alternates, which (A) in the case of appointed members shall not exceed five years and shall be so fixed that the terms of approximately one-fifth of the members shall expire each year and (B) in the case of elected members shall not exceed six years and shall be so fixed that the terms of approximately one-fifth but no more than two-fifths of the members shall expire in each odd-numbered year. Notwithstanding any contrary provision of law, the legislative body of any town, city or borough which elects members and alternates may provide for a reasonable method of transition for such offices which may include reasonable extension of such terms and provision for interim terms. Any vacancy in the membership of the commission shall be filled for the unexpired portion of the term by the chief executive authority. Any such alternate members shall, when seated, have all the powers and duties of a member of the commission. In any case in which the members of the commission or alternates are appointed by the chief executive authority, any member or alternate may be removed by such authority for cause and, on request of such member or alternate, after public hearing. The members and alternates of the commission shall receive no compensation for their services as such but shall be reimbursed for their necessary expenses incurred in the performance of their official duties. The commission may appoint employees necessary for the discharge of its duties. (b) The commission shall conduct research into the economic conditions and trends in its municipality, shall make recommendations to appropriate officials and agencies of its municipality regarding action to improve its economic condition and development, shall seek to coordinate the activities of and cooperate with unofficial bodies organized to promote such economic development and may advertise and may prepare, print and distribute books, maps, charts and pamphlets which in its judgment will further its official purposes. (c) The commission shall annually prepare and transmit to the legislative body of its municipality a report of its activities and of its recommendations for improving such economic conditions and development. (d) Any municipality which establishes an economic development commission may annually appropriate for its purposes a sum not exceeding one-twentieth of one per cent of the last-completed grand list of taxable property. (1955, S. 263d; February, 1965, P.A. 245, S. 1; P.A. 82-55, S. 1, 3; P.A. 85-433, S. 2.) History: 1965 act changed name of commissions from “development and industrial commissions” to “economic development commissions,” amended Subsec. (b) to provide that research be into “economic conditions and trends” rather than into “business and industrial conditions” and to provide for the making of recommendations by the commission and added Subsec. (c); P.A. 82-55 provided for alternates; P.A. 85-433 amended Subsec. (a) to provide that the term of office for elected members shall not exceed six years with approximately one-fifth but no more than two-fifths of the members' terms to expire in odd-numbered years and authorized provision of reasonable method of transition for such officers, including reasonable extension of such terms and provision for interim terms.

Conn. Gen. Stat. § 7-136d Ordinance authorizing establishment of foreign trade zone.

7-136d. Ordinance authorizing establishment of foreign trade zone. The legislative body of any municipality, may, by ordinance, authorize any existing agency, authority, board, commission, stock or nonstock corporation, or create a new agency, authority, board or stock or nonstock corporation to apply for a grant of the privilege of establishing, operating and maintaining a foreign trade zone as permitted pursuant to the federal Foreign-Trade Zones Act of 1934, 19 USC Sections 81a to 81u, inclusive, as from time to time amended, provided such ordinance shall be submitted to the electors of such municipality for approval or rejection at a regular election or a special election warned and held for that purpose. Such vote shall be taken in the manner prescribed by section 9-369. Any municipality having once rejected such an ordinance shall not vote again on the question within one year from the previous vote thereon. (P.A. 76-160, S. 1, 5; P.A. 00-148, S. 1.) History: P.A. 00-148 provided that an authority may establish a foreign trade zone and made a technical change.

Conn. Gen. Stat. § 7-136e Review by regional council of governments and certain state departments of application to operate foreign trade zone.

7-136e. Review by regional council of governments and certain state departments of application to operate foreign trade zone. (a) A municipality which, pursuant to section 7-136d, has authorized the establishment of a foreign trade zone, shall submit a copy of the application for the privilege of operating such foreign trade zone to the regional council of governments for the area of operation within which such municipality is located and the Departments of Economic and Community Development, Energy and Environmental Protection and Transportation for their comments on the advisability of establishment of such zone. Such comments shall be prepared within ninety days of receipt of the application from the municipality. (b) The Departments of Economic and Community Development, Energy and Environmental Protection and Transportation shall submit their advisory comments to the municipality and to the board established by said federal Foreign-Trade Zones Act. (P.A. 76-160, S. 2, 5; P.A. 77-614, S. 284, 610; P.A. 95-250, S. 1; P.A. 96-211, S. 1, 5, 6; P.A. 13-247, S. 268.) History: P.A. 77-614 substituted department of economic development for department of commerce, effective January 1, 1979; P.A. 95-250 and P.A. 96-211 replaced Commissioner and Department of Economic Development with Commissioner and Department of Economic and Community Development; P.A. 13-247 amended Subsec. (a) by substituting “council of governments” for “planning agency”, effective January 1, 2015 (Revisor's note: In Subsecs. (a) and (b), references to Department of Environmental Protection were changed editorially by the Revisors to Department of Energy and Environmental Protection for accuracy).

Conn. Gen. Stat. § 7-136f Submission of application to operate foreign trade zone.

7-136f. Submission of application to operate foreign trade zone. Upon compliance with the provisions of sections 7-136d and 7-136e and after receipt of the advisory comments prepared by the Departments of Economic and Community Development, Environmental Protection and Transportation, a municipality may apply to the board, established by said federal Foreign-Trade Zones Act for a grant of the privilege of establishing, operating and maintaining a foreign trade zone. (P.A. 76-160, S. 3, 5; P.A. 77-614, S. 284, 610; P.A. 95-250, S. 1; P.A. 96-211, S. 1, 5, 6.) History: P.A. 77-614 substituted department of economic development for department of commerce, effective January 1, 1979; P.A. 95-250 and P.A. 96-211 replaced Commissioner and Department of Economic Development with Commissioner and Department of Economic and Community Development.

Conn. Gen. Stat. § 7-136g Applicability of local planning and zoning regulations.

7-136g. Applicability of local planning and zoning regulations. Nothing in sections 7-136d to 7-136g, inclusive, shall be construed to permit the override of local planning and zoning regulations. (P.A. 76-160, S. 4, 5.)

Conn. Gen. Stat. § 7-136h Preliminary review of municipal petitions, applications or requests by Commissioner of Energy and Environmental Protection.

7-136h. Preliminary review of municipal petitions, applications or requests by Commissioner of Energy and Environmental Protection. Notwithstanding any provision of title 22a, when a municipality submits a formal petition, application or request for a permit to the Commissioner of Energy and Environmental Protection, pursuant to a requirement of the general statutes, the commissioner shall, within available appropriations, not later than sixty days after the date on which the commissioner receives such petition, application or request, make a preliminary review of the petition, application or request for the sole purpose of determining whether such petition, application or request is acceptable for filing. The commissioner shall notify the municipality of the results of such preliminary review. Nothing in this section shall preclude the commissioner from requesting additional information from the municipality subsequent to such notification. (P.A. 09-190, S. 1; P.A. 11-80, S. 1.) History: Pursuant to P.A. 11-80, “Commissioner of Environmental Protection” was changed editorially by the Revisors to “Commissioner of Energy and Environmental Protection”, effective July 1, 2011.

Conn. Gen. Stat. § 7-136i Preliminary review of municipal petitions, applications or requests by Commissioner of Transportation or Office of the State Traffic Administration.

7-136i. Preliminary review of municipal petitions, applications or requests by Commissioner of Transportation or Office of the State Traffic Administration. Notwithstanding any provision of title 13b or 14, in all matters in which a formal petition, application or request for a permit is required to be submitted to the Commissioner of Transportation or the Office of the State Traffic Administration, and such petition, application or request is submitted by a municipality, the commissioner or office shall, within available appropriations, not later than sixty days after the date on which the commissioner or office receives such petition, application or request, make a preliminary review of the petition, application or request for the sole purpose of determining whether such petition, application or request is acceptable for filing. The commissioner or office shall notify the municipality of the results of such preliminary review. Nothing in this section shall preclude the commissioner or office from requesting additional information from the municipality subsequent to such notification. (P.A. 09-190, S. 2; P.A. 10-152, S. 1; P.A. 12-132, S. 2.) History: P.A. 10-152 made a technical change; P.A. 12-132 replaced references to State Traffic Commission with references to Office of the State Traffic Administration, effective July 1, 2012.

Conn. Gen. Stat. § 7-136j Preliminary review of municipal petitions, applications or requests by Commissioner of Public Health.

7-136j. Preliminary review of municipal petitions, applications or requests by Commissioner of Public Health. Notwithstanding any provision of title 19a, in all matters in which a formal petition, application or request for a permit is required to be submitted to the Commissioner of Public Health, and such petition, application or request is submitted by a municipality, the commissioner shall, within available appropriations, not later than sixty days after the date on which the commissioner receives such petition, application or request, make a preliminary review of the petition, application or request for the sole purpose of determining whether such petition, application or request is acceptable for filing. The commissioner shall notify the municipality of the results of such preliminary review. Nothing in this section shall preclude the commissioner from requesting additional information from the municipality subsequent to such notification. (P.A. 09-190, S. 3.)

Conn. Gen. Stat. §§ 7-136k to 7-136m

7-136k to 7-136m. Reserved for future use.

Conn. Gen. Stat. § 7-136n Joint issuance of bonds by two or more municipalities.

7-136n. Joint issuance of bonds by two or more municipalities. (a) Two or more municipalities may jointly issue bonds from time to time at their discretion, subject to the approval of the legislative body of each municipality for the purpose of paying all or any part of the cost of any project or activity, including acquisition of necessary land and equipment therefor, entered into jointly. The municipalities may issue such types of bonds as they may determine, including, without limiting the generality of the foregoing, bonds payable as to principal and interest: (1) From their revenues generally; (2) exclusively from the income and revenues of a particular project; or (3) exclusively from the income and revenues of certain designated projects, whether or not they are financed in whole or in part from the proceeds of such bonds. Any such bonds may be additionally secured by a pledge of any grant or contribution from a participating municipality, the state or any political subdivision, agency or instrumentality thereof, any federal agency or any private corporation, copartnership, association or individual, or a pledge of any income or revenues of the municipalities, or a mortgage on any project or other property of the municipalities. Whenever and for as long as the municipalities have issued and have outstanding bonds pursuant to sections 7-136n to 7-136s, inclusive, the municipalities shall fix, charge and collect rates, rents, fees and other charges. No person executing the bonds shall be liable personally on the bonds by reason of the issuance thereof. The bonds and other obligations of the municipalities, and such bonds and obligations shall so state on their face, shall not be a debt of the state or any political subdivision thereof except the municipalities issuing such bonds, and no person other than the municipalities shall be liable thereon, nor shall such bonds or obligations be payable out of any funds or properties other than those of a participating municipality. Except to the extent and for the purpose therein expressly provided by other laws, such bonds shall not constitute an indebtedness within the meaning of any statutory limitation on the indebtedness of any participating municipality. Bonds of participating municipalities are declared to be issued for an essential public and governmental purpose. In anticipation of the sale of such revenue bonds the municipalities may issue negotiable bond anticipation notes and may renew the same from time to time, but the maximum maturity of any such note, including renewals thereof, shall not exceed five years from the date of issue of the original note. Such notes shall be paid from any revenues of the municipalities available therefor and not otherwise pledged, or from the proceeds of sale of the revenue bonds of the municipalities in anticipation of which they were issued. The notes shall be issued in the same manner as the revenue bonds. Such notes and the resolution or resolutions authorizing the same may contain any provisions, conditions or limitations which a bond resolution of the municipalities may contain. (b) Bonds of the municipalities may be issued as serial bonds or as term bonds, or the municipalities, in their discretion, may issue bonds of both types. Bonds shall be authorized by resolution of the members of the municipality and shall bear such date or dates, mature at such time or times, not exceeding fifty years from their respective dates, bear interest at such rate or rates, or have provisions for the manner of determining such rate or rates, payable at such time or times, be in such denominations, be in such form, either coupon or registered, carry such registration privileges, be executed in such manner, be payable in lawful money of the United States of America at such place or places, and be subject to such terms of redemption, as such resolution or resolutions may provide. The revenue bonds or notes may be sold at public or private sale for such price or prices as the municipalities shall determine. Pending preparation of the definitive bonds, the municipalities may issue interim receipts or certificates which shall be exchanged for such definitive bonds. (c) Any resolution or resolutions authorizing any revenue bonds or any issue of revenue bonds may contain provisions, which shall be a part of the contract with the holders of the revenue bonds to be authorized, as to: (1) Pledging all or any part of the revenues of a project or any revenue-producing contract or contracts made by the municipalities with any individual, partnership, corporation or association or other body, public or private, to secure the payment of the revenue bonds or of any particular issue of revenue bonds, subject to such agreements with bondholders as may then exist; (2) the rentals, fees and other charges to be charged, and the amounts to be raised in each year thereby, and the use and disposition of the revenues; (3) the setting aside of reserves or sinking funds or other funds or accounts as the municipalities may establish and the regulation and disposition thereof, including requirements that any such funds and accounts be held separate from or not be commingled with other funds of the municipalities; (4) limitations on the right of the municipalities or its agent to restrict and regulate the use of the project; (5) limitations on the purpose to which the proceeds of sale of any issue of revenue bonds then or thereafter to be issued may be applied and pledging such proceeds to secure the payment of the revenue bonds or any issue of the revenue bonds; (6) limitations on the issuance of additional bonds; the terms upon which additional bonds may be issued and secured; the refunding of outstanding bonds; (7) the procedure, if any, by which the terms of any contract with bondholders may be amended or abrogated, the amount of bonds the holders of which must consent thereto, and the manner in which such consent may be given; (8) limitations on the amount of moneys derived from the project to be expended for operating, administrative or other expenses of the municipalities; (9) defining the acts or omissions to act which shall constitute a default in the duties of the municipalities to holders of its obligations and providing the rights and remedies of such holders in the event of a default; (10) the mortgaging of a project and the site thereof for the purpose of securing the bondholders; and (11) provisions for the execution of reimbursement agreements or similar agreements in connection with credit facilities including but not limited to, letters of credit or policies of bond insurance, remarketing agreements and agreements for the purpose of moderating interest rate fluctuations. (d) If any officer whose signature or a facsimile of whose signature appears on any bonds or coupons ceases to be such officer before delivery of such bonds, such signature or such facsimile shall nevertheless be valid and sufficient for all purposes the same as if he had remained in office until such delivery. All such bonds shall be deemed to be negotiable instruments under the provisions of the general statutes. (e) Bonds may be issued without obtaining the consent of any commission, board, bureau or agency of the state or of any political subdivision, and without any other proceedings or the happening of other conditions or things than those proceedings, conditions or things which are specifically required by said sections. (f) The municipalities shall have power out of any funds available therefor to purchase its bonds or notes. The municipalities may hold, pledge, cancel or resell such bonds, subject to and in accordance with agreements with bondholders. (g) The municipalities shall cause a copy of any bond resolution adopted by it to be filed for public inspection in its office and in the office of the clerk of each participating municipality and may thereupon cause to be published at least once in a newspaper published or circulating in each participating municipality a notice stating the fact and date of such adoption and the places where such bond resolution has been so filed for public inspection and also the date of the first publication of such notice and also stating that any action or proceeding of any kind or nature in any court questioning the validity or proper authorization of bonds provided for by the bond resolution, or the validity of any covenants, agreements or contracts provided for by the bond resolution, shall be commenced within twenty days after the first publication of such notice. If any such notice is published and if no action or proceeding questioning the validity or proper authorization of bonds provided for by the bond resolution referred to in such notice, or the validity of any covenants, agreements or contracts provided for by the bond resolution is commenced or instituted within twenty days after the first publication of said notice, then all residents and taxpayers and owners of property in each participating municipality and all other persons shall be forever barred and foreclosed from instituting or commencing any action or proceeding in any court, or from pleading any defense to any action or proceeding, questioning the validity or proper authorization of such bonds, or the validity of such covenants, agreements or contracts, and said bonds, covenants, agreements and contracts shall be conclusively deemed to be valid and binding obligations in accordance with their terms and tenor. (P.A. 98-237, S. 6; P.A. 06-196, S. 38.) History: (Revisor's note: In codifying this section, an incorrect reference in section 6(a) of P.A. 98-237 to “... pursuant to sections 10 to 15, inclusive, of this act, ...” was deemed by the Revisors to read “... pursuant to sections 6 to 11, inclusive, of this act, ...” and codified accordingly); P.A. 06-196 made a technical change in Subsec. (a), effective June 7, 2006.

Conn. Gen. Stat. § 7-136o Securing of bonds.

7-136o. Securing of bonds. In the discretion of the municipalities any bonds issued under sections 7-136n to 7-136s, inclusive, may be secured by a trust indenture by way of conveyance, deed of trust or mortgage of any project or any other property of the municipalities, whether or not financed in whole or in part from the proceeds of such bonds, or by a trust agreement by and between the municipalities and a corporate trustee, which may be any trust company or bank having the powers of a trust company within or without the state or by both such conveyance, deed of trust or mortgage and indenture or trust agreement. Such trust indenture or agreement may pledge or assign any or all fees, rents and other charges to be received or proceeds of any contract or contracts pledged, and may convey or mortgage any property of the municipalities. Such trust indenture or agreement may contain such provisions for protecting and enforcing the rights and remedies of the bondholders as may be reasonable and proper and not in violation of law, including particularly such provisions as have hereinabove been specifically authorized to be included in any resolution or resolutions of the municipalities authorizing the issue of bonds. Any bank or trust company incorporated under the laws of the state may act as depository of the proceeds of such bonds or of revenues or other moneys and may furnish such indemnifying bonds or pledge such securities as may be required by the municipalities. Such trust indenture may set forth the rights and remedies of the bondholders and of the trustee, and may restrict the individual right of action by bondholders. In addition to the foregoing, such trust indenture or agreement may contain such other provisions as the municipalities may deem reasonable and proper for the security of the bondholders. All expenses incurred in carrying out the provisions of such trust indenture or agreement may be treated as a part of the cost of a project. (P.A. 98-237, S. 7.)

Conn. Gen. Stat. § 7-136p Enforcement of rights of bondholders and trustees.

7-136p. Enforcement of rights of bondholders and trustees. Any holder of bonds, notes, certificates or other evidences of borrowing issued under the provisions of sections 7-136n to 7-136s, inclusive, or of any of the coupons appertaining thereto, and the trustee under any trust indenture or agreement, except to the extent the rights herein given may be restricted by such trust indenture or agreement, may, either at law or in equity, by suit, action, injunction, mandamus or other proceedings, protect and enforce any and all rights under the provisions of the general statutes or granted by said sections or under such trust indenture or agreement or the resolution authorizing the issuance of such bonds, notes or certificates, and may enforce and compel the performance of all duties required by said sections or by such trust indenture or agreement or resolution to be performed by the municipalities or by any officer or agent thereof, including the fixing, charging and collection of fees, rents and other charges. (P.A. 98-237, S. 8.)

Conn. Gen. Stat. § 7-136q Tax exemption.

7-136q. Tax exemption. The exercise of the powers granted by sections 7-136n to 7-136s, inclusive, shall be in all respects for the benefit of the inhabitants of the state, for the increase of their commerce and for the promotion of their safety, health, welfare, convenience and prosperity, and as the operation and maintenance of any project which the municipalities may undertake constitute the performance of an essential governmental function, no municipalities shall be required to pay any taxes or assessments upon any project acquired and constructed by it under the provisions of said sections; and the bonds, notes, certificates or other evidences of debt issued under the provisions of said sections, their transfer and the income therefrom, including any profit made on the sale thereof, shall at all times be free and exempt from taxation by the state and by any political subdivision thereof but the interest on such bonds, notes, certificates or other evidences of debt shall be included in the computation of any excise or franchise tax. (P.A. 98-237, S. 9.)

Conn. Gen. Stat. § 7-136r Bonds to be legal investments.

7-136r. Bonds to be legal investments. Bonds issued by the municipalities under the provisions of sections 7-136n to 7-136s, inclusive, shall be securities in which all public officers and public bodies of the state and its political subdivisions, all insurance companies, trust companies, banking associations, investment companies and executors, administrators, trustees and other fiduciaries may properly and legally invest funds, including capital in their control or belonging to them. Such bonds shall be securities which may properly and legally be deposited with and received by any state or municipal officer or any agency or political subdivision of the state for any purpose for which the deposit of bonds or obligations is now or may hereafter be authorized by law. (P.A. 98-237, S. 10.)

Conn. Gen. Stat. § 7-136s Guarantee of joint bonds by participating municipality.

7-136s. Guarantee of joint bonds by participating municipality. For the purpose of aiding the planning, undertaking, acquisition, construction or operation of any project for which bonds have been issued under sections 7-136n to 7-136s, inclusive, any participating municipality may, pursuant to resolution adopted by its legislative body in the manner provided for adoption of a resolution authorizing bonds of such municipality and with or without consideration and upon such terms and conditions as may be agreed to by and between the municipality and the other municipalities issuing bonds for the project, unconditionally guarantee the punctual payment of the principal of and interest on any bonds of the municipalities and pledge the full faith and credit of the municipality to the payment thereof. Any guaranty of bonds of the municipalities made pursuant to this section shall be evidenced by endorsement thereof on such bonds, executed in the name of the municipality and on its behalf by such officer thereof as may be designated in the resolution authorizing such guaranty, and such municipality shall thereupon and thereafter be obligated to pay the principal of and interest on said bonds in the same manner and to the same extent as in the case of bonds issued by it. As part of the guarantee of the municipality for payment of principal and interest on the bonds, the municipality may pledge to and agree with the owners of bonds issued under this chapter and with those persons who may enter into contracts with the municipality or such other municipalities or any successor agency pursuant to the provisions of this chapter that it will not limit or alter the rights thereby vested in the bondowners, the municipalities or any contracting party until such bonds, together with the interest thereon, are fully met and discharged and such contracts are fully performed on the part of the municipality, provided nothing in this subsection shall preclude such limitation or alteration if and when adequate provision shall be made by law for the protection of the owners of such bonds of the municipality or such other municipalities or those entering into such contracts with the municipality. The municipalities are authorized to include this pledge and undertaking for the municipality in such bonds or contracts. To the extent provided in such agreement or agreements, the obligations of the municipality thereunder shall be obligatory upon the municipality and the inhabitants and property thereof, and thereafter the municipality shall appropriate in each year during the term of such agreement, and there shall be available on or before the date when the same are payable, an amount of money which, together with other revenue available for such purpose, shall be sufficient to pay such principal and interest guaranteed by it and payable thereunder in that year, and there shall be included in the tax levy for each such year an amount which, together with other revenues available for such purpose, shall be sufficient to meet such appropriation. Any such agreement shall be valid, binding and enforceable against the municipality if approved by action of the legislative body of such municipality. Any such guaranty of bonds of such other municipalities may be made, and any resolution authorizing such guaranty may be adopted, notwithstanding any statutory debt or other limitations, but the principal amount of bonds so guaranteed shall, after their issuance, be included in the gross debt of such municipality for the purpose of determining the indebtedness of such municipality under subsection (b) of section 7-374. The principal amount of bonds so guaranteed and included in gross debt shall be deducted and is declared to be and to constitute a deduction from such gross debt under and for all the purposes of said subsection (b) of section 7-374, (1) from and after the time of issuance of said bonds until the end of the fiscal year beginning next after the completion of acquisition and construction of the project to be financed from the proceeds of such bonds and (2) during any subsequent fiscal year if the revenues of such other municipalities in the preceding fiscal year are sufficient to pay its expenses of operation and maintenance in such year and all amounts payable in such year on account of the principal and interest on all such guaranteed bonds, and all bonds of the municipalities issued under section 7-136r. (P.A. 98-237, S. 11.)

Conn. Gen. Stat. § 7-137 Regional economic development commissions.

7-137. Regional economic development commissions. Any two or more towns, cities or boroughs having economic development commissions may, by ordinance adopted by each of them, join in the formation of a regional economic development commission. The area of jurisdiction of the regional commission shall be coterminous with the area of the municipalities so joining. Any municipality which has joined in the formation of a regional commission may thereafter withdraw by the adoption of an ordinance to that effect. The economic development commissions of the municipalities comprising the regional commission shall jointly determine the membership of the regional commission. A regional commission shall have the same duties and authority, in respect to its area of jurisdiction, as a municipal commission has in respect to the municipality. Each municipality may annually appropriate to a regional commission a sum which, in addition to any amount appropriated to its municipal commission, will not exceed one-twentieth of one per cent of its last-completed grand list of taxable property. (1955, S. 264d; February, 1965, P.A. 245, S. 2.) History: 1965 act changed title of commissions from development and industrial commissions.

Conn. Gen. Stat. § 7-137a Powers and duties of development and industrial commissions created prior to October 1, 1965.

7-137a. Powers and duties of development and industrial commissions created prior to October 1, 1965. Any municipal or regional development and industrial commission established under the general statutes prior to October 1, 1965, shall continue in existence and shall have all the powers and duties granted municipal or regional economic development commissions, as the case may be, under sections 7-136 and 7-137. (February, 1965, P.A. 245, S. 3.)

Conn. Gen. Stat. § 7-137c Extension of water mains into areas used wholly or partly for industrial or commercial purposes or into residential areas.

7-137c. Extension of water mains into areas used wholly or partly for industrial or commercial purposes or into residential areas. Any municipality may appropriate funds to extend or cause to have extended water mains (1) into areas to be used for industrial or commercial purposes or partly for industrial or commercial purposes and partly for residential purposes, or (2) into residential areas or into areas zoned for residential use. Notwithstanding the provisions of any special act, the municipality may pay the cost of such extension or may require each owner of property which abuts any such main to reimburse the municipality such owner's proportionate share of the cost of such extension at such time and by such rule as the municipality by ordinance determines. Whenever the municipality and the Commissioner of Energy and Environmental Protection may concur in determining the need for such extension in response to a community pollution problem, as defined in section 22a-423, or in response to a bacterial contamination problem, the municipality may waive any such reimbursement to the municipality. In the case of land zoned for other than commercial or industrial purposes or classified, pursuant to sections 12-107a to 12-107e, inclusive, as farm land, forest land or open space land, on the last-completed grand list of the municipality in which such land is located, which exceeds by more than one hundred per cent the size of the smallest lot permitted in the lowest density residential zone allowed under zoning regulations, or in the case of a town having no zoning regulations, a lot size of one acre in area and one hundred fifty feet in frontage, assessment of such excess land shall be deferred until such time as such excess land shall be built upon or a building permit issued therefor or until approval of a subdivision plan of such excess property by the planning commission having jurisdiction, whichever event occurs first, at which time assessment may be made as provided in this section. The municipality shall place a caveat on the land records in each instance where an assessment is deferred. Such share shall represent a reasonable proportion of the total cost of such water mains, including materials, installation, pumping stations, service connections, curb, sidewalk and highway repairs and the cost of installation of gate-valves or shutoffs, if any; except that, if residential or agricultural property or property zoned for residential or agricultural use abuts lines of construction of water mains to be used for industrial or commercial purposes or partly for industrial or commercial purposes, and such property is not being used for such purposes, the proportionate share of the owners of such property shall be computed on a front-foot or other equitable basis for a standard or minimum size main. Such shares shall be proportioned in such a way as to ultimately leave the municipality free of any of the cost of the extension of the water main and expenses incidental thereto, except where any portion of such water service is to be used for a municipal purpose in which instance the municipality shall contribute a fair proportion of the expense representing such proportionate municipal share. Within sixty days of an assessment under this section, the owner of any property so assessed may appeal to the superior court for the judicial district within which such land is situated from the valuation of his assessment, by service of process made in accordance with the provisions of section 52-57. Such appeal shall be a privileged case and shall not stay any proceeding under this section. The court shall have the power to grant such relief as to justice and equity appertains, upon such terms and in such manner and form as appears equitable. (1967, P.A. 652; 1969, P.A. 147, S. 1; 666, S. 1; P.A. 73-446; P.A. 74-314; P.A. 76-436, S. 256, 681; P.A. 78-280, S. 1, 127; P.A. 99-225, S. 31, 33; P.A. 05-288, S. 39; P.A. 11-80, S. 1.) History: 1969 acts removed requirement that owner of nonindustrial, noncommercial land pay cost of main and service connections on front foot basis except that agricultural and residential property owners pay cost under certain conditions set out in new provision, clarified that municipal use of extended main requires that municipality pay proportionate share of cost, included pumping stations, service connections, curb and sidewalk repairs and installation of gate-valves and shutoffs in total cost considerations and amended appeal provisions to include reference to judicial district and to specify appeals as privileged; P.A. 73-446 added provisions concerning deferred assessments for noncommercial, nonindustrial land; P.A. 74-314 allowed waiver of payment by users when extension required to combat community pollution problem; P.A. 76-436 substituted superior court for court of common pleas, effective July 1, 1978; P.A. 78-280 deleted reference to counties; P.A. 99-225 authorized municipalities to either pay the cost of certain water main extensions or to assess abutting property owners for the cost of such extension and authorized extensions in response to bacterial contamination, effective June 29, 1999; P.A. 05-288 made technical changes, effective July 13, 2005; pursuant to P.A. 11-80, “Commissioner of Environmental Protection” was changed editorially by the Revisors to “Commissioner of Energy and Environmental Protection”, effective July 1, 2011.

Conn. Gen. Stat. § 7-137d Lien for benefits assessed for water main extension.

7-137d. Lien for benefits assessed for water main extension. Whenever assessments of benefits for any extension of water mains have been lawfully made by any town and such extension has been completed and certificates of lien have been signed by the duly constituted authorities, describing the premises upon which any such lien is claimed and stating the amount claimed as a lien thereon, and have been lodged with the town clerk, such assessments of benefits shall be and remain a lien upon the land upon which the same have been made, and no such town shall be required to lodge for record any further certificate of any such lien. Such liens may be foreclosed in the manner provided by law for the foreclosure of tax liens. (1969, P.A. 147, S. 2.)

Conn. Gen. Stat. § 7-138 Assessment of railroad property for public improvements. Maintenance of sidewalks and public places.

7-138. Assessment of railroad property for public improvements. Maintenance of sidewalks and public places. All real estate, except railroad rights-of-way, belonging to any railroad corporation in this state, shall be subject to the same obligations as real estate belonging to individuals and private corporations concerning assessments of benefits and damages for municipal or public works and improvements, and the fact that any such real estate is held and used for railroad purposes shall not exempt it from assessment for special benefits on account of such municipal or public works and improvements. All such railroad corporations shall conform and be subject to the provisions and requirements of municipal charters and ordinances concerning the maintenance and repair of sidewalks and public places abutting their stations, whether passenger or freight, and concerning the removal of snow and ice from such sidewalks and public places. (1949 Rev., S. 686.)

Conn. Gen. Stat. § 7-139 Notice of assessment of benefits.

7-139. Notice of assessment of benefits. In any case in which an assessment of benefits has been made upon any land by any city or borough to defray the cost, or any part thereof, of any public work or improvement, and the owner or owners of such land have not been properly named or designated in the schedule, report or notice forming any part of the proceedings for the laying of such assessment, such city or borough may cause a notice signed by its clerk, describing the land assessed and stating the amount of the assessment thereon, to be left with or at the usual place of abode of the owner or owners of such land, if within the town in which such city or borough is located. If such owner or owners do not reside within such town, such notice shall be published at least twice consecutively in a newspaper having a general circulation in such city or borough and a copy of such notice shall be mailed to such owner or owners at the last- known address of such owner or owners. Upon the completion of such notice, such city or borough may proceed to collect such assessment in the manner provided by law. (1949 Rev., S. 687; P.A. 83-513, S. 1.) History: P.A. 83-513 amended provisions concerning notice to persons residing outside the town to include notice by publishing in a newspaper having “general” circulation in such city or borough and notice by mail.

Conn. Gen. Stat. § 7-140 Assessment a lien; foreclosure.

7-140. Assessment a lien; foreclosure. Whenever assessments of benefits for any public work or improvement have been lawfully made by any city or borough and such public work or improvement has been completed and certificates of lien have been signed by the duly constituted authorities, describing the premises upon which any such lien is claimed and stating the amount claimed as a lien thereon, and have been lodged with the town clerk, such assessments of benefits shall be and remain a lien upon the land upon which the same have been made, and no such city or borough shall be required to lodge for record any further certificate of any such lien. Such liens may be foreclosed in the manner provided by law for the foreclosure of tax liens. (1949 Rev., S. 688.)

Conn. Gen. Stat. § 7-141 Notice of hearing on municipal assessments.

7-141. Notice of hearing on municipal assessments. In any case of appraisal of benefits or assessment of damages because of any public work or improvement, notice of the time and place for a hearing upon such appraisal or assessment shall be given to the persons to be affected thereby, if known, at least ten days before the time of hearing. Such notice may be given by depositing in the post office, postage paid, a notice of the pendency of the proceedings, signed by the clerk of the municipality in interest and addressed to such persons. In the case of an estate of a deceased person in process of settlement, notice to the administrator or executor having charge thereof shall be deemed to be notice to the owner. (1949 Rev., S. 689.)

Conn. Gen. Stat. § 7-142 Appeal from municipal assessments.

7-142. Appeal from municipal assessments. Any person aggrieved by the appraisal of damages in laying out any highway or in making any improvement or public work in any city or borough, or by the assessment of benefits therefor, or by any order of the common council of any city in relation to the repair, renewal or change of any highway bridge, may, except in a case where a right of appeal to a court is provided by the charter of the city or borough, appeal from such appraisal, assessment or order, to any judge of the Superior Court within thirty days after due notice is given of such appraisal, assessment or order, which appeal shall be a written petition for reappraisal, reassessment or review of such order, with a citation attached thereto, and returnable in not less than six and not more than twenty days after its date, and shall be served at least six days before the return day upon the clerk of such city or borough. Any number of persons who are similarly affected by any such appraisal, assessment or order may join in taking and prosecuting such appeal. Such judge may, by committee or otherwise, reassess such damages or benefits, or review and revoke, modify or affirm such order, and, if such damages are increased or such assessments of benefits reduced or such order revoked, may award costs against the city or borough, otherwise against the appellant. Such judge shall issue execution for the amount of damages or benefits fixed by such reassessment, and in favor of either party for costs, to be taxed as upon civil process, and, after the proceedings have been closed, return all the papers connected with the case to the clerk of such city or borough, who shall keep them on file. (1949 Rev., S. 690, 691; P.A. 76-436, S. 257, 681.) History: P.A. 76-436 substituted superior court for court of common pleas, effective July 1, 1978.

Conn. Gen. Stat. § 7-143 Completion of improvement pending appeal from appraisal of damages.

7-143. Completion of improvement pending appeal from appraisal of damages. In the case of an appeal to the Appellate Court from the appraisal of damages in laying out any street, or in making any improvement or public work in any town, city or borough or other geographical division, upon paying to the person or persons entitled thereto damages appraised therefor, or upon depositing the same in the manner provided by law, and in a case in which no damages are appraised, such town, city or borough or other geographical division may immediately proceed to lay out and open such street, or make and complete such improvement or public work in the same manner as if no appeal had been taken and shall pay, within thirty days after final judgment, to the appellant, the amount so awarded. (1949 Rev., S. 8005; June Sp. Sess. P.A. 83-29, S. 18, 82.) History: June Sp. Sess. P.A. 83-29 deleted reference to supreme court and substituted appellate court in lieu thereof.

Conn. Gen. Stat. § 7-144 Assessment on estate of decedent.

7-144. Assessment on estate of decedent. When any assessment of damages or benefits, or both, for the layout or construction of any highway or other public work, by any town, city or borough, has been made upon or in respect to any land or interest in land which has belonged to a deceased person, of whose estate no distribution has been recorded, it shall be sufficient if the report or schedule of such assessment describes the property assessed as land of the estate of such deceased person or describes his estate as being assessed; and any lien or claim upon such property resulting from such assessment, otherwise legal and formal, may be foreclosed or otherwise enforced against such property or the amount of such assessment collected from any persons claiming such land under the title of such deceased person. (1949 Rev., S. 692.)

Conn. Gen. Stat. § 7-145 Correction of assessments.

7-145. Correction of assessments. In any case of assessment of damages or benefits for the layout or construction of public works, the Superior Court or any other appellate or revising tribunal to which such case may be removed may, by reassessment or otherwise, correct any errors which may be shown to exist in the report or schedule of such assessments, provided reasonable notice shall be given to any person, not before such court or tribunal, who may be injuriously affected by the correction of such errors to appear and show cause why such correction should not be made; but said court or such tribunal may, without special notice, correct manifest clerical errors and misdescriptions, when it is evident that no person interested has been misled thereby. (1949 Rev., S. 693; P.A. 76-436, S. 258, 681.) History: P.A. 76-436 substituted superior court for court of common pleas, effective July 1, 1978.

Conn. Gen. Stat. § 7-146 Clearing of waterways. Assessment of cost. Appeal.

7-146. Clearing of waterways. Assessment of cost. Appeal. (a) The legislative body of any town, city or borough may require any private person or any firm or corporation to remove from any waterway or tidal water within the jurisdiction of such town, city or borough any debris, wreckage or other similar material for which such private person or firm or corporation is responsible and which prevents or may tend to prevent the free discharge of flood waters. When any such private person, firm or corporation fails to comply with such requirement within a reasonable time, such legislative body shall have authority to remove or cause to be removed any such debris, wreckage or other similar material and to assess the cost of such removal against such private person or firm or corporation. Any such assessment may be collected in the manner provided by the general statutes for the collection of taxes by a town, city or borough. (b) Any private person or any firm or corporation aggrieved by any such assessment may, within thirty days after notice thereof, appeal from such assessment to the superior court for the judicial district in which such town, city or borough is located. Notice of such appeal shall be served upon the town, city or borough by any proper officer or indifferent person. Said court shall hear such appeal and shall reexamine the legality and reasonableness of the assessment, either by itself or by a committee by it appointed. Said court may render such judgment upon such appeal as it finds will accord with the public welfare and may tax costs in its discretion. (1949 Rev., S. 705, 706; 1957, P.A. 13, S. 23; 1971, P.A. 870, S. 12; P.A. 76-436, S. 259, 681; P.A. 78-280, S. 1, 127.) History: 1971 act substituted court of common pleas for superior court in Subsec. (b), effective September 1, 1971, except that courts with cases pending retain jurisdiction unless pending matters deemed transferable; P.A. 76-436 substituted superior court for court of common pleas and added reference to judicial districts, effective July 1, 1978; P.A. 78-280 deleted reference to counties.

Conn. Gen. Stat. § 7-147 Regulation of obstructions in waterways.

7-147. Regulation of obstructions in waterways. (a) Any town, city or borough may, within its jurisdiction, establish by ordinance lines along any part of any waterway beyond which, in the direction of the waterway, no permanent obstruction or encroachment shall be placed by any private person or any firm or corporation, unless permission is granted in writing by the legislative body of the town, city or borough or by the municipal board, commission, department or inland wetlands agency which the legislative body may authorize by ordinance to administer the provisions of this section. In establishing such lines, the legislative body or such board, commission, department or inland wetlands agency shall base their location on the boundaries of the area which would be inundated by a flood similar in size to one or more recorded floods which have caused extensive damages in such area or on a size of flood computed by accepted methods applicable generally throughout the state or a region thereof. The determination of the size of the flood and the boundaries of the inundated area shall take into consideration the effects of probable future developments. The position of the lines may vary from the boundaries of the inundated area so as to minimize the area of land to be regulated when a portion of the inundated area does not contribute to the flood-carrying capacity of the waterway. The position of the lines shall, insofar as practical, equitably affect riparian properties and interests depending upon existing topography and shall be interdependent throughout the reaches of the waterway, and shall conform with the requirements of the federal government imposed as conditions for the construction of flood control projects. When the existing waterway, because of natural or man-made constrictions, is such that such lines cannot be established by standard engineering methods, a channel may be adopted, whereby the removal of such constrictions may be anticipated so that reasonable lines can be established by methods applicable to the state generally. When the flood boundary falls along the channel banks, the lines shall be placed at the top of the bank. (b) The legislative body or such board, commission, department or inland wetlands agency may grant or deny permission based on a finding of the effect of the obstruction or encroachment on the flood-carrying and water storage capacity of the waterways and flood plains, flood heights, hazards to life and property, the protection and preservation of the natural resources and ecosystems of the municipality including, but not limited to, ground and surface water, animal, plant and aquatic life, nutrient exchange and energy flow with due consideration given to the results of similar encroachments constructed along the reach of the waterway. Wherever there is a city or borough within a town, the town shall have authority to establish such lines for such of its area as is not within such city or borough, and the city or borough shall have such authority within its boundaries. Any two or more adjoining municipalities shall have authority to investigate jointly the desirability of establishing lines on either or both sides of a waterway within their jurisdiction. Any private person or any firm or corporation aggrieved by any decision of a legislative body or any such board, commission, department or inland wetlands agency made in accordance with this section may, within thirty days after notice thereof, appeal from such decision in the manner provided by section 8-8 for appeal from the decisions of a municipal zoning board of appeals. Nothing contained in this section shall limit or restrict the Commissioner of Transportation in exercising his authority over the harbors and navigable waters of the state, nor apply to any dam, bridge, pipeline or other similar structure, and appurtenances thereto, extending across any waterway, which are otherwise in compliance with law. (c) The provisions of this section shall not be construed to limit or alter the authority of the Commissioner of Energy and Environmental Protection over the tidal, coastal and navigable waters of the state and within stream channel encroachment lines established by said commissioner pursuant to section 22a-343. (1949 Rev., S. 708; 1957, P.A. 13, S. 25; 1969, P.A. 768, S. 64; P.A. 88-327, S. 1, 3; P.A. 11-80, S. 1.) History: 1969 act gave power over harbors and navigable waters to commissioner of transportation and deleted reference to state board of harbor commissioners for New Haven Harbor; P.A. 88-327 redesignated provisions of section as Subsecs. (a) and (b), empowered municipal legislative body to authorize by ordinance a municipal board, commission, department or inland wetlands, agency to administer provisions of section, provided standards for establishing lines along waterways, provided standards for granting or denying permission to place obstructions in waterways and added Subsec. (c) re authority of commissioner of environmental protection; pursuant to P.A. 11-80, “Commissioner of Environmental Protection” was changed editorially by the Revisors to “Commissioner of Energy and Environmental Protection” in Subsec. (c), effective July 1, 2011.

Source: Connecticut General Assembly (cga.ct.gov)URL: https://www.cga.ct.gov/current/pub/chap_097.htmFetched: 10/20/2026