Sec. 9-12-21.5. - Emission standards for existing hospital/medical/infectious waste incinerators (HMIWI).
A. Definitions. As used in this section:
Batch HMIWI means an HMIWI that is designed such that neither waste charging nor ash removal can occur during combustion.
Biologicals means preparations made from living organisms and their products, including vaccines, cultures, and similar substances, intended for use in diagnosing, immunizing, or treating humans or animals or in research pertaining thereto.
Blood products means any product derived from human blood, including, but not limited to, blood plasma, platelets, red or white blood corpuscles, and other derived licensed products such as interferon and similar substances.
Body fluids means liquid emanating or derived from humans and limited to blood; dialysate; amniotic, cerebrospinal, synovial, pleural, peritoneal, and pericardial fluids; and semen and vaginal secretions.
Bypass stack means a device used for discharging combustion gases to avoid severe damage to the air pollution control device or other equipment.
Chemotherapeutic waste means waste material resulting from the production or use of antineoplastic agents used for the purpose of stopping or reversing the growth of malignant cells.
Co-fired combustor means a unit combusting hospital waste and/or medical/infectious waste with other fuels or wastes (for example coal, municipal solid waste) and, subject to an enforceable requirement limiting the unit to combusting a fuel feed stream, ten percent or less of the weight of which is comprised, in aggregate, of hospital waste and of medical/infectious waste as measured on a calendar quarter basis. For purposes of this definition, pathological waste, chemotherapeutic waste, and low-level radioactive waste are considered "other" wastes when calculating the percentage of hospital waste and medical/infectious waste combusted.
Continuous emission monitoring system or CEMS means a monitoring system for continuously measuring and recording the emissions of a pollutant.
Continuous HMIWI means an HMIWI that is designed to allow waste charging and ash removal during combustion.
Dioxins/furans means the combined emissions of tetra-through octa-chlorinated dibenzo-paradioxins and dibenzofurans, as measured by EPA Reference Method 23.
Dry scrubber means an add-on air pollution control system that injects dry alkaline sorbent (dry injection) or sprays an alkaline sorbent (spray dryer) to react with and neutralize acid gases in the HMIWI exhaust stream forming a dry power material.
Fabric filter or baghouse means an add-on air pollution control system that removes particulate matter (PM) and nonvaporous metals emissions by passing flue gas through filter bags.
Facilities manager means the individual in charge of purchasing, maintaining, and operating the HMIWI or the owner's or operator's representative responsible for the management of the HMIWI. Alternative titles may include director of facilities or vice president of support services.
High-air phase means the stage of the batch operating cycle when the primary chamber reaches and maintains maximum operating temperatures.
Hospital means any facility that has an organized medical staff, maintains at least six inpatient beds, and where the primary function of the institution is to provide diagnostic and therapeutic patient services and continuous nursing care primarily to human inpatients who are not related and who stay on average in excess of 24 hours per admission. This definition does not include facilities maintained for the sole purpose of providing nursing or convalescent care to human patients who generally are not acutely ill but who require continuing medical supervision.
Hospital/medical/infectious waste incinerator or HMIWI or HMIWI unit means any device that combusts any amount of hospital waste and/or medical/infectious waste.
Hospital/medical/infectious waste incinerator operator or HMIWI operator means any person who operates, controls or supervises the day-to-day operation of an HMIWI.
Hospital waste means discards generated at a hospital, except unused items returned to the manufacturer. The definition of hospital waste does not include human corpses, remains, and anatomical parts that are intended for interment or cremation.
Infectious agent means any organism (such as a virus or bacteria) that is capable of being communicated by invasion and multiplication in body tissues and capable of causing disease or adverse health impacts in humans.
Intermittent HMIWI means an HMIWI that is designed to allow waste charging, but not ash removal, during combustion.
Large HMIWI means:
1. Except as provided in paragraph 2 of this definition:
a. An HMIWI whose maximum design waste burning capacity is more than 500 pounds per hour; or
b. A continuous or intermittent HMIWI whose maximum charge rate is more than 500 pounds per hour; or
c. A batch HMIWI whose maximum charge rate is more than 4,000 pounds per day.
2. The following are not large HMIWI:
a. A continuous or intermittent HMIWI whose maximum charge rate is less than or equal to 500 pounds per hour; or
b. A batch HMIWI whose maximum charge rate is less than or equal to 4,000 pounds per day.
Low-level radioactive waste means waste material that contains radioactive nuclides emitting primarily beta or gamma radiation, or both, in concentrations or quantities that exceed applicable federal or state standards for unrestricted release. Low-level radioactive waste is not high-level radioactive waste, spent nuclear fuel, or by-product material as defined by the Atomic Energy Act of 1954 (42 U.S.A.C. § 2014(e)(2)).
Malfunction means any sudden, infrequent and not reasonably preventable failure of air pollution control equipment, process equipment, or a process to operate in a normal or usual manner. Failures that are caused, in part, by poor maintenance or careless operation are not malfunctions. During periods of malfunction the operator must operate within established parameters as much as possible, and monitoring of all applicable operating parameters must continue until all waste has been combusted or until thermal function ceases, whichever comes first.
Maximum charge rate means:
1. For continuous and intermittent HMIWI, 110 percent of the lowest three-hour average charge rate measured during the most recent performance test demonstrating compliance with all applicable emission limits.
2. For batch HMIWI, 110 percent of the lowest daily charge rate measured during the most recent performance test demonstrating compliance with all applicable emission limits.
Maximum design waste burning capacity means:
1. For intermittent and continuous HMIWI:
C = P v × 15,000/8,500
Where:
C | = | HMIWI capacity, lb/hr
P v | = | primary chamber volume, ft 3
15,000 | = | primary chamber heat release rate factor, Btu/ft 3 fhr
8,500 | = | standard waste heating value, Btu/lb.
2. For batch HMIWI:
C = P V × 164.5/8
Where:
C | = | HMIWI capacity, lb/hr
P v | = | primary chamber volume, ft 3
164.5 | = | waste density, lb/ft 3
8 | = | typical hours of operation of a batch HMIWI, hours
Maximum fabric filter inlet temperature means 110 percent of the lowest three-hour average temperature at the inlet to the fabric filter (taken, at a minimum, once every minute) measured during the most recent performance test demonstrating compliance with the dioxin/furan emission limit.
Maximum flue gas temperature means 110 percent of the lowest three-hour average temperature at the outlet from the wet scrubber (taken, at a minimum, once every minute) measured during the most recent performance test demonstrating compliance with the mercury (Hg) emission limit.
Medical/infectious waste means any waste generated in the diagnosis, treatment, or immunization of human beings or animals, in research pertaining thereto, or in the production or testing of biologicals that is listed in paragraphs 1 through 7 of this definition. The definition of medical/infectious waste does not include hazardous waste identified or listed under the regulations in Title 40 CFR Part 261; household waste, as defined in 40 CFR 261.4(b)(1); ash from incineration of medical/infectious waste, once the incineration process has been completed; human corpses, remains and anatomical parts that are intended for interment or cremation; and domestic sewage materials identified in 40 CFR 261.4(a)(1).
1. Cultures and stocks of infectious agents and associated biologicals, including: cultures from medical and pathological laboratories; cultures and stocks of infectious agents from research and industrial laboratories, wastes from the production of biologicals; discarded live and attenuated vaccines; and culture dishes and devices used to transfer, inoculate, and mix cultures.
2. Human pathological waste, including tissues, organs, and body parts and body fluids that are removed during surgery or autopsy, or other medical procedures, and specimens of body fluids and their containers.
3. Human blood and blood products including:
a. Liquid waste human blood;
b. Products of blood;
c. Items saturated and/or dripping with human blood; or
d. Items that were saturated and/or dripping with human blood that are now caked with dried human blood; including serum, plasma, and other blood components, and their containers, which were used or intended for use in either patient care, testing and laboratory analysis or the development of pharmaceuticals. Intravenous bags are also included in this category.
4. Sharps that have been used in animal or human patient care or treatment or in medical, research, or industrial laboratories, including treatment or in medical, research, or industrial laboratories, including hypodermic needles, syringes (with or without the attached needle), Pasteur pipettes, scalpel blades, blood vials, needles with attached tubing, and culture dishes (regardless of presence of infectious agents). Also included are other types of broken or unbroken glassware that were in contact with infectious agents, such as used slides and cover slips.
5. Animal waste including contaminated animal carcasses, body parts, and bedding of animals that were known to have been exposed to infectious agents during research (including research in veterinary hospitals, production of biologicals or testing of pharmaceuticals).
6. Isolation wastes including biological waste and discarded materials contaminated with blood, excretions, exudates or secretions from humans who are isolated to protect others from certain highly communicable diseases, or isolated animals known to be infected with highly communicable diseases.
7. Unused sharps including the following unused, discarded sharps: hypodermic needles, suture needles, syringes, and scalpel blades.
Medium HMIWI means:
1. Except as provided in paragraph 2 of this definition:
a. An HMIWI whose maximum design waste burning capacity is more than 200 pounds per hour but less than or equal to 500 pounds per hour; or
b. A continuous or intermittent HMIWI whose maximum charge rate is more than 200 pounds per hour but less than or equal to 500 pounds per hours; or
c. A batch HMIWI whose maximum charge rate is more than 1,600 pounds per day but less than or equal to 4,000 pounds per day.
2. The following are not medium HMIWI:
a. A continuous or intermittent HMIWI whose maximum charge rate is less than or equal to 200 pounds per hour or more than 500 pounds per hour; or
b. A batch HMIWI whose maximum charge rate is more than 4,000 pounds per day or less than or equal to 1,600 pounds per day.
Minimum dioxin/furan sorbent flow rate means 90 percent of the highest three-hour average dioxin/furan sorbent flow rate (taken, at a minimum, once every hour) measured during the most recent performance test demonstrating compliance with the dioxin/furan emission limit.
Minimum Hg sorbent flow rate means 90 percent of the highest three-hour average Hg sorbent flow rate (taken, at a minimum, once every hour) measured during the most recent performance test demonstrating compliance with the Hg emission limit.
Minimum horsepower or amperage means 90 percent of the highest three-hour average horsepower or amperage to the wet scrubber (taken, at a minimum, once every minute) measured during the most recent performance test demonstrating compliance with the applicable emission limits.
Minimum hydrogen chloride (HCl) sorbent flow rate means 90 percent of the highest three-hour average HCl sorbent flow rate (taken, at a minimum, once every hour) measured during the most recent performance test demonstrating compliance with the HCl emission limit.
Minimum pressure drop across the wet scrubber means 90 percent of the highest three-hour average pressure drop across the wet scrubber PM control device (taken at a minimum, once every minute) measured during the most recent performance test demonstrating compliance with the PM emission limit.
Minimum scrubber liquor flow rate means 90 percent of the highest three-hour average liquor flow rate at the inlet to the wet scrubber (taken, at a minimum, once every minute) measured during the most recent performance test demonstrating compliance with all applicable emission limits.
Minimum scrubber liquor pH means 90 percent of the highest three-hour average liquor pH at the inlet to the wet scrubber (taken, at a minimum, once every minute) measured during the most recent performance test demonstrating compliance with the HCl emission limit.
Minimum secondary chamber temperature means 90 percent of the highest three-hour average secondary chamber temperature (taken, at a minimum, once every minute) measured during the most recent performance test demonstrating compliance with the PM, CO, or dioxin/furan emission limits.
Modification or modified HMIWI means any change to an HMIWI unit after March 16, 1998, such that:
1. The cumulative costs of the modifications, over the life of the unit, exceed 50 percent of the original cost of the construction and installation of the unit (not including the cost of any land purchased in connection with such construction or installation updated to current costs; or
2. The change involves a physical change in or change in the method of operation of the unit which increases the amount of any air pollutant emitted by the unit for which standards have been established under section 129 or section 111 of the Clean Air Act.
Operating day means a 24-hour period between 12:00 midnight and the following 12:00 midnight during which any amount of hospital waste or medical/infectious waste is combusted at any time in the HMIWI.
Operation means the period during which waste is combusted in the incinerator excluding periods of startup or shutdown.
Particulate matter or PM means the total particulate matter emitted from an HMIWI as measured by EPA Reference Method 5 or EPA Reference Method 29.
Pathological waste means waste material consisting of only human or animal remains, anatomical parts, and/or tissue, the bags/containers used to collect and transport the waste material, and animal bedding (if applicable).
Primary chamber means the chamber, in an HMIWI that receives waste material, in which the waste is ignited, and from which ash is removed.
Pyrolysis means the endothermic gasification of hospital waste and/or medical/infectious waste using external energy.
Secondary chamber means a component of the HMIWI that receives combustion gases from the primary chamber and in which the combustion process is completed.
Shutdown means the period of time after all waste has been combusted in the primary chamber. For continuous HMIWI, shutdown must commence no less than two hours after the last charge to the incinerator. For intermittent HMIWI, shutdown must commence no less than four hours after the last charge to the incinerator. For batch HMIWI, shutdown must commence in less than five hours after the high-air phase of combustion has been completed.
Small HMIWI means:
1. Except as provided in paragraph 2 of this definition:
a. An HMIWI whose maximum design waste burning capacity is less than or equal to 200 pounds per hour;
b. A continuous or intermittent HMIWI whose maximum charge rate is less than or equal to 200 pounds per hour; or
c. A batch HMIWI whose maximum charge rate is less than or equal to 1,600 pounds per day.
2. The following are not small HMIWI:
a. A continuous or intermittent HMIWI whose maximum charge rate is more than 200 pounds per hour;
b. A batch HMIWI whose maximum charge rate is more than 1,600 pounds per day.
Small rural HMIWI means a small HMIWI that is located more than 50 miles from the boundary of the nearest standard metropolitan statistical area and which burns less than 2,000 pounds per week of hospital waste and medical/infectious waste.
Standard conditions means a temperature of 20 degrees Celsius and a pressure of 101.3 kilopascals.
Standard metropolitan statistical area or SMSA means any area listed in OMB Bulletin No. 93-17 entitled "Revised Statistical Definitions for Metropolitan Areas" dated June 30, 1993. This information can also be obtained from the nearest metropolitan planning organization.
Startup means the period of time between the activation for the system and the first charge to the unit. For batch HMIWI, "startup" means the period of time between activation of the system and ignition of the waste.
Wet scrubber means an add-on air pollution control device that utilizes an alkaline scrubbing liquor to collect particulate matter (including nonvaporous metals and condensed organics) and/or to absorb and neutralize acid gases.
B. Applicability.
1. These emission standards for existing hospital/medical/infectious waste incinerators (HMIWI) apply to each individual HMIWI for which construction was commenced on or before June 20, 1996, except as provided below.
2. A combustor is not subject to this section during periods when only pathological waste, low-level radioactive waste, and/or chemotherapeutic waste (as those terms are defined in 40 CFR 60.51c) is burned, provided the owner or operator of the combustor:
a. Notifies the health officer of an exemption claim; and
b. Keeps records on a calendar quarter basis of the periods of time when only pathological waste, low-level radioactive waste, and/or chemotherapeutic waste is burned.
3. Any co-fired combustor (as defined in subsection A of this section) is not subject to this section if the owner or operator:
a. Notifies the health officer of an exemption claim;
b. Provides an estimate of the relative weight of hospital waste, medical/infectious waste, and other fuels and/or wastes to be combusted; and
c. Keeps records on a calendar quarter basis of the weight of hospital waste and medical/infectious waste combusted, and the weight of all other fuels and wastes combusted at the co-fired combustor.
4. Any combustor required to have a permit under section 3005 of the Solid Waste Disposal Act is not subject to this section.
5. Any combustor that meets the applicability requirements under Title 40 CFR Part 60, Subparts Cb, Ea, or Eb for certain municipal waste combustors is not subject to this section.
6. Any pyrolysis unit (defined in subsection A of this section) is not subject to this section.
7. Cement kilns firing hospital waste and/or medical/infectious waste are not subject to this section.
8. Physical or operational changes made to an existing HMIWI unit solely for the purpose of complying with this section are not considered a modification and do not result in an existing HMIWI unit becoming subject to the provisions of Title 40 CFR part 60, subpart Ec or this section.
9. Each individual HMIWI subject to this section shall operate pursuant to a Title V operating permit issued pursuant to section 3-5.
C. Emission standards.
1. On and after the date on which the initial performance test is completed or is required to be completed under subsection (G) of this section, whichever date comes first, no owner or operator of an individual HMIWI shall cause to be discharged into the atmosphere from the stack of that individual HMIWI any gases that contain stack emissions in excess of the emission limits in Table 1 below.
_____
Table 1
Emission Limits for Small, Medium and Large HMIWI
Pollutant | Units (7 Percent Oxygen Dry Basis) | HMIWI Size Emission Limits:
Small | Medium | Large
Particulate matter | Milligrams per dry standard cubic meter (grains per dry standard cubic foot) | 115 (0.05) | 69 (0.03) | 34 (0.15)
Carbon monoxide | Parts per million by volume | 40 | 40 | 40
Dioxins/furans | Nanograms per dry standard cubic meter total dioxins/ furans (grains per billion dry standard cubic feet) or nanograms per dry standard cubic meter TEO (grains per billion dry standard cubic feet) | 125 (55) or 2.3(1.0) | 125 (55) or 2.3 (1.0) | 125 (55) or 2.3 (1.0)
Hydrogen chloride | Parts per million by volume or percent reduction | 100 or 93% | 100 or 93% | 100 or 93%
Sulfur dioxide | Parts per million by volume | 55 | 55 | 55
Nitrogen oxides | Parts per million by volume | 250 | 250 | 250
Lead | Milligrams per dry standard cubic meter (grains per thousand dry standard cubic feet) or percent reduction | 1.2 (0.52) or 70% | 1.2 (0.52) or 70% | 1.2 (0.52) or 70%
Cadmium | Milligrams per dry standard cubic meter (grains per thousand dry standard cubic foot) or percent reduction | 0.16 (0.07) or 65% | 0.16 (0.07) or 65% | 0.16 (0.07) or 65%
Mercury | Milligrams per dry standard cubic meter (grains per dry standard cubic foot) or percent reduction | 0.55 (0.24) or 85% | 0.55 (0.24) or 85% | 0.55 (0.24) or 85%
D. Opacity limits.
1. On and after the date on which the initial performance test is completed or is required to be completed under subsection (G) of this section, whichever date comes first, no owner or operator of an individual HMIWI shall cause to be discharged into the atmosphere from the stack of that individual HMIWI any gases that exhibit greater than ten percent opacity (six-minute block average).
2. On and after the date on which the initial performance test is completed or is required to be completed under subsection (G) of this section, whichever date comes first, no owner or operator of an individual HMIWI utilizing a large HMIWI shall cause to be discharged into the atmosphere visible emissions of combustion ash from an ash conveying system (including conveyor transfer points) in excess of five percent of the observation period (i.e., nine minutes per three-hour period) as determined by EPA Reference Method 22, except as provided in subsection (D)(3) of this section.
3. The emission limit specified in subsection (D)(2) of this section does not cover visible emission discharged inside buildings or enclosures of ash conveying systems; however, the emission limit does cover visible emissions discharged to the atmosphere from, buildings or enclosures of ash conveying systems. This provision does not apply during maintenance and repair of ash conveying systems. Maintenance and/or repair shall not exceed ten operating days per calendar quarter unless the owner or operator obtains written approval from the health officer establishing a date whereby all necessary maintenance and repairs of ash conveying systems shall be completed.
E. Operator training and qualification requirements.
1. No owner or operator of an affected facility shall allow the individual HMIWI to operate at any time unless a fully trained and qualified HMIWI operator is accessible, either at the facility or available within one hour. The trained and qualified HMIWI operator may operate the HMIWI directly or be the direct supervisor of one or more HMIWI operators.
2. Operator training and qualification shall be obtained through a state-approved program or by completing the requirements included in subsections (E)(3) through (11) of this section.
3. Training shall be obtained by completing an HMIWI operator training course that includes, at a minimum, the following provisions:
a. 24 hours of training on the following subjects:
i. Environmental concerns, including pathogen destruction and types of emissions;
ii. Basic combustion principles, including products of combustion;
iii. Operation of the type of incinerator to be used by the operator, including proper startup, waste charging, and shutdown procedures;
iv. Combustion controls and monitoring;
v. Operation of air pollution control equipment and factors affecting performance (if applicable);
vi. Methods to monitor pollutants (continuous emission monitoring systems and monitoring of HMIWI and air pollution control device operating parameters) and equipment calibration procedures (where applicable);
vii. Inspection and maintenance of the HMIWI, air pollution control devices, and continuous emission monitoring systems;
viii. Actions to correct malfunctions, upsets, or conditions that may lead to malfunctions or upsets;
ix. Bottom and fly ash characteristics and handling procedures;
x. Applicable federal, state and local regulations;
xi. Work safety procedures;
xii. Pre-startup inspections; and
xiii. Recordkeeping requirements.
b. An examination designed and administered by the instructor.
c. Reference material distributed to the attendees covering the course topics.
4. Qualification shall be obtained by:
a. Completion of a training course that satisfies the criteria under subsection (E)(3) of this section; and
b. Either six months experience as an HMIWI operator, six months experience as a direct supervisor of an HMIWI operator, or completion of at least two burn cycles under the observation of two qualified HMIWI operators.
5. Qualification is valid from the date on which the examination is passed or the completion of the required experience, whichever is later.
6. To maintain qualification, the trained and qualified HMIWI operator shall complete and pass an annual review or refresher course of at least four hours covering, at a minimum, the following:
a. Update of regulations;
b. Incinerator operation, including startup and shutdown procedures;
c. Inspection and maintenance;
d. Responses to malfunctions and upsets or conditions that may lead to malfunctions and upsets; and
e. Discussion of operating problems encountered by attendees.
7. A lapsed qualification shall be renewed by one of the following methods:
a. For a lapse of less than three years, the HMIWI operator shall complete and pass a standard annual refresher course described in subsection (E)(6) of this section.
b. For a lapse of three years or more, the HMIWI operator shall complete and pass a training course with the minimum criteria described in subsection (E)(3) of this section.
8. The owner or operator of an individual HMIWI shall maintain documentation at the individual HMIWI that addresses the following
a. Summary of the applicable standards under this section;
b. Description of basic combustion theory applicable to an HMIWI;
c. Procedures for receiving, handling, and charging waste;
d. HMIWI startup, shutdown, and malfunction procedures;
e. Procedures for maintaining proper combustion air supply levels;
f. Procedures for operating the HMIWI and associated air pollution control systems within the standards established under this section;
g. Procedures for responding to periodic malfunctions or upsets or conditions that may lead to malfunctions or upsets;
h. Procedures for monitoring HMIWI emissions;
i. Reporting and recordkeeping procedures; and
j. Procedures for handling ash.
9. The owner or operator of an individual HMIWI shall establish a program for reviewing the information listed in subsection (E)(8) of this section annually with each HMIWI operator.
a. The initial review of the information listed in subsection (E)(8) of this section shall be conducted within six months after the effective date of this section.
b. Subsequent reviews shall be conducted annually.
10. The information listed in subsection (E)(8) of this section shall be kept in a readily accessible location for all HMIWI operators. This information, along with records of training, shall be available for inspection by the health officer upon request.
11. Compliance by the individual HMIWI with this subsection (E), operator training and qualification requirements, is required by the date one year after the effective date of this section.
F. Waste management plan requirements. The owner or operator of an individual HMIWI shall prepare a waste management plan. The waste management plan shall identify both the feasibility and the approach to separate certain components of solid waste from the health care waste stream in order to reduce the amount of toxic emissions from incinerated waste. A waste management plan may include, but is not limited to, elements such as paper, cardboard, plastics, glass, battery, or metal recycling; or purchasing recycled or recyclable products. A waste management plan may include different goals or approaches for different areas or departments of the facility and need not include new waste management goals for every waste stream. It should identify, where possible, reasonably available additional waste management measures, taking into account the effectiveness of waste management measures already in place, the costs of additional measures, the emission reductions expected to be achieved, and any other environmental or energy impacts they might have. The American Hospital Association publication entitled "An Ounce of Prevention: Waste Reduction Strategies for Health Care Facilities" available for purchase at Post Office Box 92683, Chicago, IL 60675 from that association, shall be considered in the development of the waste management plan.
G. Compliance and performance testing.
1. The emission standards and opacity limits under this section apply at all times except during periods of startup, shutdown, upsets that qualify for the affirmative defense of "malfunction" or "emergency" as those terms are defined in this air pollution control code, or "malfunction", provided that no hospital waste or medical/infectious waste is charged to the individual HMIWI during startup, shutdown, upsets that qualify for the affirmative defense of "malfunction" or "emergency" as those terms are defined in this air pollution control code, or malfunction.
2. The owner or operator of an individual HMIWI shall conduct an initial performance test as required under this subsection to determine compliance with the emission standards and opacity limits using the procedures and test methods listed in subsections (g)(2)(a) through (l) of this section. The use of the bypass stack during a performance test shall invalidate the performance test.
a. All performance tests shall consist of a minimum of three test runs conducted under representative operating conditions.
b. The minimum sample time shall be one hour per test run unless otherwise required.
c. EPA Reference Method I of Title 40 CFR Part 60, Appendix A, shall be used to select the sampling location and number of traverse points.
d. EPA Reference Method 3, 3A, or 3 B of Title 40 CFR Part 60, Appendix A, shall be used for gas composition analysis, including measurement of oxygen concentration. EPA Reference Method 3, 3A, or 3B shall be used simultaneously with each of the other required EPA Reference Methods.
e. The pollutant concentrations shall be adjusted to seven percent oxygen using the following equation:
C adj = C meas (20.9-7)(20.9 - %O 2 )
Where:
C adj | = | Pollutant concentration adjusted to 7 percent oxygen;
C meas | = | Pollutant concentration measured on a dry basis;
(20.9-7) | = | 20.9 percent oxygen -7 percent oxygen (defined oxygen correction basis);
20.9 | = | Oxygen concentration in air, percent; and
% O 2 | = | Oxygen concentration measured on a dry basis, percent.
f. EPA Reference Method 5 or 29 of Title 40 CFR Part 60, Appendix A, shall be used to measure the particulate matter emissions.
g. EPA Reference Method 9 of Title 40 CFR Part 60, Appendix A, shall be used to measure stack opacity.
h. EPA Reference Method 10 or 10B of Title 40 CFR Part 60, Appendix A, shall be used to measure the CO emissions.
i. EPA Reference Method 23 of Title 40 CFR Part 60, Appendix A, shall be used to measure total dioxin/furan emissions. The minimum sample time shall be four hours per test run. If the individual HMIWI has selected the toxic equivalency standards for dioxin/furans in Table 1 in subsection (C) of this section, the following procedures shall be used to determine compliance:
i. Measure the concentration of each dioxin/furan tetra/through octa-congener emitted using EPA Reference Method 23.
ii. For each dioxin/furan congener measured in accordance with subsection (G)(2)(i)(i) of this section, multiply the congener concentration by its corresponding toxic equivalency factor specified in Table 2 below.
Table 2
Toxic Equivalency Factors
Dioxin/Furan Cogener | Toxic Equivalency Factor
2,3,7,8-tetrachlorinated dibenzo-o-dioxin | 1
1,2,3,7,8-pentachlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxin | 0.5
1,2,3,4,7,8-hexachlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxin | 0.1
1,2,3,7,8,9-hexachlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxin | 0.1
1,3,6,7,8-hexachlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxin | 0.1
1,2,3,4,6,7,8-heptachlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxin | 0.01
Octachlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxin | 0.001
2,3,7,8-tetrachlorinated dibenzofuran | 0.1
2,3,4,7,8-pentachlorinated dibenzofuran | 0.5
1,2,3,7,8-pentachlorinated dibenzofuran | 0.05
1,2,3,4,7,8-hexachlorinated dibenzofuran | 0.1
1,2,3,6,7,8-hexachlorinated dibenzofuran | 0.1
1,2,3,6,7,9-hexachlorinated dibenzofuran | 0.1
2,3,4,6,7,8-heptachlorinated dibenzofuran | 0.1
1,2,3,4,6,7,8-heptachlorinated dibenzofuran | 0.01
1,2,3,4,6,7,9-heptachlorinated dibenzofuran | 0.01
Octachlorinated dibenzofuran | 0.001
iii. Sum the products calculated in accordance with subsection (G)(2)(i)(ii) of this section to obtain the total concentration of dioxins/furans emitted in terms of toxic equivalency.
j. EPA Reference Method 26 or 26A of Title 40 CFR Part 60, Appendix A, shall be used to measure HCl emissions. If the individual facility has selected the percentage reduction standards for HCl under Table 1 of subsection (C) of this section, the percentage reduction in HCl emissions (%R HCl ) is computed using the following formula:
(%R HCl ) | = | (Ei - Eo) / Ei × 100
Where:
(%R HCl ) | = | percentage reduction of HCl emissions reductions achieved;
Ei | = | HCl emission concentration measured at the control device inlet, corrected to 7 percent oxygen (dry basis); and
Eo | = | HCl emission concentration measured at the control device outlet, corrected to 7 percent oxygen (dry basis).
k. EPA Reference Method 29 of Title 40 CFR Part 60, Appendix A, shall be used to measure Pb, Cd, and Hg emissions. If the individual HMIWI has selected the percentage reduction standards for metals under Table 1 of subsection (C) of this section, the percentage reduction in emissions (%R metal ) is computed using the following formula:
(%R metal ) | = | (Ei - Eo) x 100 Ei
Where:
(%R metal ) | = | percentage reduction of metal emission (Pb, Cd, or Hg) achieved;
Ei | = | metal emission concentration (Pb, Cd, or Hg) measured at the control device inlet, corrected to 7 percent oxygen (dry basis); and
Eo | = | metal emission concentration (Pb, Cd, or Hg) measured at the control device outlet, corrected to 7 percent oxygen (dry basis).
l. The EPA Reference Method 22 of Title 40 CFR Part 60, Appendix A, shall be used to determine compliance with the fugitive ash emission limit under section 60.52c(c). The minimum observation time shall be a series of three one-hour observations.
3. Following the date on which the initial performance test is completed or is required to be completed under this subsection, whichever date comes first, each owner or operator of an individual HMIWI shall:
a. Determine compliance with the opacity limit by conducting an annual performance test (no more than 12 months following the previous performance test) using the applicable procedures and test methods listed in subsection (G)(2) of this section;
b. Determine compliance with the PM, CO, and HCl emissions limits by conducting an annual performance test (no more than 12 months following the previous performance test) using the applicable procedures and test methods listed in subsection (G)(2) of this section. If all three performance tests over a three-year period demonstrate compliance with the emission limit for a pollutant (PM, CO, or HCl) the owner or operator may forego a performance test for that pollutant for the subsequent two years. At a minimum, a performance test for PM, CO, and HCl shall be conducted every third year (no more than 36 months following the previous performance test). If a performance test conducted every third year demonstrates compliance with the emission limit for a pollutant (PM, CO, or HCl), the owner or operator may forego a performance test for an additional two years. If any performance test demonstrates noncompliance with the respective emission limit, a performance test for that pollutant shall be conducted annually until all annual performance test over a three-year period demonstrate compliance with the emission limit. The use of the bypass stack during a performance test shall invalidate the performance test.
c. (Reserved.)
d. Facilities using a CEMS to demonstrate compliance with any of the emission limits in Table I of subsection (C) of this section shall:
1. Determine compliance with the appropriate emission limit(s) using a 12-hour rolling average, calculated each hour as the average of the previous 12 operating hours (not including startup, shutdown, or malfunctions).
2. Operate all CEMS in accordance with the applicable procedures under Title 40 CFR Part 60, Appendices B and F.
4. The owner or operator of an individual HMIWI equipped with a dry scrubber followed by a fabric filter, a wet scrubber or a dry scrubber followed by a fabric filter and wet scrubber shall:
a. Establish the appropriate maximum and minimum operating parameters, indicated in Table 3 below for each control system, as site specific operating parameters during the initial performance test to determine compliance with the emission limits; and
_____
Table 3
Operating Parameters to be Monitored
and Minimum Measurement and Recording Frequencies
Operating Parameters to Be Monitored | Minimum Frequency | Control System
Data Measurement | Data Recording | Dry Scrubber Followed By Fabric Filter | Wet Scrubber | Dry Scrubber Followed By Fabric Filter and Wet Scrubber
Maximum Operating Parameters:
Maximum charge rate | Continuous | 1 × hour | X | X | X
Maximum fabric filter inlet temperature | Continuous | 1 × minute | X | N/A | X
Maximum flue gas temperature | Continuous | 1 × minute | X | X | N/A
Minimum Operating Parameters:
Minimum secondary chamber temperature | Continuous | 1 × minute | X | X | X
Minimum dioxin/furan sorbent flow rate | Hourly | 1 × hour | X | N/A | X
Minimum HCl sorbent flow rate | Hourly | 1 × hour | X | N/A | X
Minimum mercury (Hg) sorbent flow rate | Hourly | 1 × hour | X | N/A | X
Minimum pressure drop across the wet scrubber or minimum horsepower or amperage to wet scrubber | Continuous | 1 × minute | N/A | X | X
Minimum scrubber liquor flow rate | Continuous | 1 × minute | N/A | X | X
Minimum scrubber liquor pH | Continuous | 1 x minute | N/A | X | X
b. Following the date on which the initial performance test is completed or is required to be completed under this subsection, whichever date comes first, ensure that the individual HMIWI does not operate above any of the applicable maximum operating parameters or below any of the applicable minimum operating parameters listed in Table 3 immediately above and measured as three-hour rolling averages (calculated each hour as the average of the previous three operating hours) at all times except during periods of startup, shutdown and malfunction. Operating parameter limits do not apply during performance tests. Operation above the established maximum or below the established minimum operating parameter(s) shall constitute a violation of established operating parameter(s).
5. Except as provided in subsection (G)(8) of this section, for individual HMIWI equipped with a dry scrubber followed by a fabric filter:
a. Operation of the individual HMIWI above the maximum charge rate and below the minimum secondary chamber temperature (each measured on a three-hour rolling average) simultaneously shall constitute a violation of the CO emission limit.
b. Operation of the individual HMIWI above the maximum fabric filter inlet temperature, above the maximum charge rate, and below the minimum dioxin/furan sorbent flow rate (each measured on a three-hour rolling average) simultaneously shall constitute a violation of the dioxin/furan emission limit.
c. Operation of the individual HMIWI above the maximum charge rate and below the minimum HCl sorbent flow rate (each measured on a three-hour rolling average) simultaneously shall constitute a violation of the HCl emission limit.
d. Operation of the individual HMIWI above the maximum charge rate and below the minimum Hg sorbent flow rate (each measured on a three-hour rolling average simultaneously shall constitute a violation of the Hg emission limit.
e. Use of the bypass stack (except during startup, shutdown, or malfunction) shall constitute a violation of the PM, dioxin/furan, HCl, Pb, Cd and Hg emission limits.
6. Except as provided in subsection (G)(8) of this section, for individual HMIWIs equipped with a wet scrubber:
a. Operation of the HMIWI above the maximum charge rate and below the minimum pressure drop across the wet scrubber or below the minimum horsepower or amperage to the system (each measured on a three-hour rolling average) simultaneously shall constitute a violation of the PM emission limit.
b. Operation of the individual HMIWI above the maximum charge rate and below the minimum secondary chamber temperature (each measured on a three-hour rolling average) simultaneously shall constitute a violation of the CO emission limit.
c. Operation of the individual HMIWI above the maximum charge rate, below the minimum secondary chamber temperature, and below the minimum scrubber liquor flow rate (each measured on a three-hour rolling average) simultaneously shall constitute a violation of the dioxin/furan emission limit.
d. Operation of the individual HMIWI above the maximum charge rate and below the minimum scrubber liquor pH (each measured on a three-hour rolling average) simultaneously shall constitute a violation of the HCl emission limit.
e. Operation of the individual HMIWI above the maximum flue gas temperature and above the maximum charge rate (each measured on a three-hour rolling average) simultaneously shall constitute a violation of the Hg emission limit.
f. Use of the bypass stack (except during startup, shutdown, or malfunction) shall constitute a violation of the PM, dioxin/furan, HCL, Pb, Cd and Hg emission limits.
7. Except as provided in subsection (G)(8) of this section, for individual HMIWI equipped with a dry scrubber followed by a fabric filter and a wet scrubber:
a. Operation of the individual HMIWI above the maximum charge rate and below the minimum secondary chamber temperature (each measured on a three-hour rolling average) simultaneously shall constitute a violation of the CO emission limit.
b. Operation of the individual HMIWI above the maximum fabric filter inlet temperature, above the maximum charge rate, and below the minimum dioxin/furan sorbent flow rate (each measured on a three-hour rolling average) simultaneously shall constitute a violation of the dioxin/furan emission limit.
c. Operation of the individual HMIWI above the maximum charge rate and below the minimum scrubber liquor pH (each measured on a three-hour rolling average) simultaneously shall constitute a violation of the HCl emission limit.
d. Operation of the individual HMIWI above the maximum charge rate and below the minimum Hg sorbent flow rate (each measured on a three-hour rolling average) simultaneously shall constitute a violation of the Hg emission limit.
e. Use of the bypass stack (except during startup, shutdown, or malfunction) shall constitute a violation of the PM, dioxin/furan, HCl, Pb, Cd and Hg emission limits.
8. The owner or operator of an individual HMIWI may conduct a repeat performance test within 30 days after violation of applicable operating parameter(s) to demonstrate that the individual HMIWI is not in violation of the applicable emission limits. Repeat performance tests conducted pursuant to this paragraph shall be conducted using the identical operating parameters that demonstrated a violation under subsections (G)(5), (6) or (7) of this section.
9. The owner or operator of an individual HMIWI using an air pollution control device other than a dry scrubber followed by a fabric filter, a wet scrubber, or a dry scrubber followed by a fabric filter and a wet scrubber to comply with the emission limits in Table 1 of subsection (C) of this section shall petition the administrator (not the health officer) for other site-specific operating parameters to be established during the initial performance test and continuously monitored thereafter. The owner or operator shall not conduct the initial performance test until after the petition has been approved by the administrator.
10. The owner or operator of an individual HMIWI may conduct a repeat performance test at any time to establish new values for the operating parameter. The health officer or the administrator may request a repeat performance test at any time.
H. Monitoring requirements.
1. The owner or operator of an individual HMIWI shall install, calibrate (to manufacturers' specifications), maintain and operate devices (or establish methods) for monitoring the applicable maximum and minimum operating parameters listed in Table 3 of subsection (G) of this section such that these devices (or methods) measure and record values for these operating parameters at the frequencies listed in Table 3 at all times except during periods of startup and shutdown.
2. The owner or operator of an individual HMIWI shall install, calibrate (to manufacturers' specifications), maintain and operate a device or method for measuring the use of the bypass stack including date, time and duration.
3. The owner or operator of an individual HMIWI using something other than a dry scrubber followed by a fabric filter, a wet scrubber, or a dry scrubber followed by a fabric filter and a wet scrubber to comply with the emission limits in Table 1 of subsection (C) of this section shall install, calibrate (to manufacturers' specifications), maintain and operate the equipment necessary to monitor the site-specific operating parameters developed pursuant to subsection (G)(9) of this section if other site-specific operating parameters are approved by the administrator.
4. The owner or operator of an individual HMIWI shall obtain monitoring data at all times during HMIWI operation except during periods of monitoring equipment malfunction, calibration or repair. At a minimum, valid monitoring data shall be obtained for 75 percent of the operating hours per day and for 90 percent of the operating hours per calendar quarter that the individual HMIWI is combusting hospital waste and/or medical/infectious waste.
I. Reporting and recordkeeping requirements.
1. Reserved.
2. The owner or operator of an individual HMIWI shall maintain the following information (as applicable) for a period of at least five years:
a. Calendar date of each record; and
b. Records of the following data:
i. Concentration of any pollutant listed in Table 1 in subsection (C) of this section or measurements of opacity as determined by the continuous emission monitoring system (if applicable);
ii. (Reserved)
iii. HMIWI charge dates, times and weights and hourly charge rates;
iv. Fabric filter inlet temperatures during each minute of operation, as applicable;
v. Amount and type of dioxin/furan sorbent used during each hour of operation, as applicable;
vi. Amount and type of Hg sorbent used during each hour of operation, as applicable;
vii. Amount and type of HCl sorbent used during each hour of operation, as applicable;
viii. Secondary chamber temperatures recorded during each minute of operation;
ix. Liquor flow rate to the wet scrubber inlet during each minute of operation as applicable;
x. Horsepower or amperage to the wet scrubber during each minute of operation, as applicable;
xi. Pressure drop across the wet scrubber system during minute of operation, as applicable;
xii. Temperature at the outlet from the wet scrubber during each minute of operation, as applicable;
xiii. pH at the inlet to the wet scrubber during each minute of operation, as applicable;
xiv. Records of use of the bypass stack, including dates, times and durations; and
xv. For individual HMIWI complying with subsections (G)(9) and (H)(3) of this section concerning site-specific operating parameters, the owner or operator shall maintain all operating parameter data collected.
c. Identification of calendar days for which data on emission rates or operating parameters specified under subsection (I)(2)(b) of this section have not been obtained, with an identification of the emission rates or operating parameters not measured, reasons for not obtaining the data, and a description of corrective actions taken;
d. Identification of calendar days, times and durations of "malfunctions" as defined in this air pollution control code, upsets, a description of the malfunction or upset, and the corrective action taken;
e. Identification of calendar days for which data on emission rates or operating parameters specified under subsection (I)(2)(b) of this section exceeded the applicable limits, with a description of the exceedances, reasons for such exceedances, and a description of corrective actions taken;
f. The results of the initial, annual, and any subsequent performance tests conducted to determine compliance with the emission limits and/or to establish operating parameters, as applicable;
g. (Reserved)
h. Records showing the names of HMIWI operators who have completed review of the information in subsection E of this section as required by subsection E of this section, including the date of the initial review and all subsequent annual reviews;
i. Records showing the names of the HMIWI operators who have completed the operator training requirements, including documentation of training and the dates of the training;
j. Records showing the names of the HMIWI operators who have met the criteria for qualification under subsection (E) of this section and the dates of their qualification; and
k. Records of calibration of any monitoring devices as required under subsections (H)(1), (2) and (3) of this section.
3. The owner or operator of an individual HMIWI shall submit the information specified in subsection (I)(3)(a) through (c) of this section no later than 60 days following the initial performance test. All reports shall be signed by the facilities manager.
a. The initial performance test data as recorded under subsections (G)(2)(a) through (G)(2)(l) of this section.
b. The values for the site-specific operating parameters established pursuant to subsections (G)(4) or (G)(9) of this section.
c. The waste management plan as specified subsection (F) of this section.
4. An annual report shall be submitted one year following the submission of the information in subsection (I)(3) of this section and subsequent reports shall be submitted no more than 12 months following the previous report (once the unit is subject to permitting requirements under Title V of the Clean Air Act or section 3-5, Reference 1200-3-9-.02(11), the owner or operator of an individual HMIWI must submit these reports semiannually). The annual report shall include the information specified in subsections (I)(4)(a) through (h) of this section. All reports shall be signed by the facilities manager.
a. The values for the site-specific operating parameters established pursuant to subsections (G)(4) or (G)(9) of this section, as applicable.
b. The highest maximum operating parameter and the lowest minimum operating parameter, as applicable, for each operating parameter recorded for the calendar year being reported, pursuant to subsections (G)(4) or (G)(9) of this section, as applicable.
c. The highest maximum operating parameter and the lowest minimum operating parameter, as applicable for each operating parameter recorded pursuant to subsections (G)(4) or (G)(9) of this section for the calendar year preceding the year being reported, in order to provide the administrator with a summary of the performance of the affected facility over a two-year period.
d. Any information recorded under subsections (I)(2)(c) through (e) of this section for the calendar year being reported.
e. Any information recorded under subsections (I)(2)(c) through (e) of this section for the calendar year preceding the year being reported, in order to provide the health officer with a summary of the performance of the individual HMIWI over a two-year period.
f. If a performance test was conducted during the reporting period, the results of that test.
g. If no exceedances or malfunctions or upsets were reported under subsections (I)(2)(c) through (e) of this section for the calendar year being reported, a statement that no exceedances occurred during the reporting period.
h. Any use of the bypass stack, the duration, reason for the malfunction or upset, and corrective action taken.
5. The owner or operator of an individual HMIWI shall submit semiannual reports containing any information recorded under subsections (I)(2)(c) through (e) of this section no later than 60 days following the submission of information in subsection (I)(3) of this section. Subsequent reports shall be submitted no later than six calendar months following the previous report. All reports shall be signed by the facilities manager.
6. All records specified under subsection (I)(2) of this section shall be maintained onsite in either paper copy or computer-readable format, unless an alternative format is approved by the health officer.
(Code 1985, § 16-84.1; Ord. No. 5041, § 1(9), 2004)
